bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012014064 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/setrefpatterns.cc0000664000175000017500000000071014700504612017437 0ustar frankfrank#include "atdollar.ih" // refDD, // _$$ // refDn, // _$nr // refD_, // _$-nr void AtDollar::setRefPatterns() // text[0] == '_' { switch (d_text[2]) { case '$': d_pattern = refDD; return; default: d_pattern = refDn; break; case '-': d_pattern = refD_; break; } d_nr = stol(d_text.substr(2)); } bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/atdollar.f0000664000175000017500000000112314700504612016027 0ustar frankfrankinline AtDollar::Pattern AtDollar::pattern() const { return d_pattern; } inline int AtDollar::nr() const { return d_nr; } inline bool AtDollar::refByScanner() const { return d_refByScanner; } inline size_t AtDollar::pos() const { return d_pos; } inline size_t AtDollar::length() const { return d_length; } inline size_t AtDollar::lineNr() const { return d_lineNr; } inline std::string const &AtDollar::text() const { return d_text; } inline std::string const &AtDollar::tag() const { return d_tag; } bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/settagnr.cc0000664000175000017500000000032614700504612016220 0ustar frankfrank#include "atdollar.ih" void AtDollar::setTagNr(size_t begin) // idx beyond < { size_t end = d_text.find('>'); d_tag = d_text.substr(begin, end - begin); d_nr = stol(d_text.substr(end + 1)); } bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/stackelement.cc0000664000175000017500000000042714700504612017052 0ustar frankfrank#include "atdollar.ih" bool AtDollar::stackElement() const { switch (d_pattern) { case AA: case DD: case refDD: case DDm: case DDp: case DDpar: return false; default: return true; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/setdollarpatterns.cc0000664000175000017500000000147414700504612020150 0ustar frankfrank#include "atdollar.ih" // DD, // $$ // DDm, // $$. // DDp, // $$-> // DDpar, // $$( // // Dn, // $nr // Dnm, // $nr. // Dnp, // $nr-> // // D_, // $-nr // D_m, // $-nr. // D_p, // $-nr-> // // Dt_, // $-nr // Dt_m, // $-nr. // Dt_p, // $-nr-> void AtDollar::setDollarPatterns() // text[0] == '$' { switch (d_text[1]) { case '$': setDollarDollarPatterns(); return; default: setNumberPatterns(); return; case '<': setTagPatterns(); return; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/setdollardollarpatterns.cc0000664000175000017500000000077114700504612021345 0ustar frankfrank#include "atdollar.ih" // DD, // $$ // DDm, // $$. // DDp, // $$-> // DDpar, // $$( void AtDollar::setDollarDollarPatterns() { switch (d_text.back()) { case '$': d_pattern = DD; return; case '.': d_pattern = DDm; return; case '>': d_pattern = DDp; return; case '(': d_pattern = DDpar; return; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/atdollar1.cc0000664000175000017500000000151714700504612016257 0ustar frankfrank#include "atdollar.ih" AtDollar::AtDollar(size_t blockPos, size_t lineNr, std::string const &text, bool refByScanner) : d_pos(blockPos), d_lineNr(lineNr), d_text(text), d_length(text.length()), d_refByScanner(refByScanner) { switch (text[0]) { case '$': setDollarPatterns(); return; case '_': setRefPatterns(); return; case '@': setAtPatterns(); return; } } // // ${NR}, ${NR}. or @{NR} // //AtDollar::AtDollar(Type type, // size_t blockPos, size_t lineNr, std::string const &text, // int nr) //: // d_type(type), // d_lineNr(lineNr), // d_pos(blockPos), // d_length(text.length()), // d_text(text), // d_nr(nr) //{ // suffixAndMember(); //} bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/setnumberpatterns.cc0000664000175000017500000000113014700504612020150 0ustar frankfrank#include "atdollar.ih" // Dn, // $nr // Dnm, // $nr. // Dnp, // $nr-> // // D_, // $-nr // D_m, // $-nr. // D_p, // $-nr-> void AtDollar::setNumberPatterns() { d_nr = stol(d_text.substr(1)); switch (d_text.back()) { default: d_pattern = d_nr > 0 ? Dn : D_; return; case '.': d_pattern = d_nr > 0 ? Dnm : D_m; return; case '>': d_pattern = d_nr > 0 ? Dnp : D_p; return; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/setatpatterns.cc0000664000175000017500000000033014700504612017265 0ustar frankfrank#include "atdollar.ih" void AtDollar::setAtPatterns() // text[0] == '@' { if (d_text[1] == '@') d_pattern = AA; else { d_pattern = An; d_nr = stol(d_text.substr(1)); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/atdollar.ih0000664000175000017500000000012614700504612016204 0ustar frankfrank#include "atdollar.h" #include #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/operatorinsert.cc0000664000175000017500000000105014700504612017444 0ustar frankfrank#include "atdollar.ih" std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, AtDollar const &atd) { out << "At line " << atd.d_lineNr << ", block pos. " << atd.d_pos << ", length: " << atd.d_length << ": `" << atd.text() << "' (Pattern = " << atd.d_pattern << ')'; if (atd.d_tag.length()) out << "; <" << atd.d_tag << '>'; if (atd.d_nr == numeric_limits::max()) out << " $"; else out << ' ' << atd.d_nr; if (atd.d_refByScanner) out << " (ref. by scanner)"; return out; } bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/settagpatterns.cc0000664000175000017500000000066414700504612017446 0ustar frankfrank#include "atdollar.ih" // Dt_, // $-nr // Dt_m, // $-nr. // Dt_p, // $-nr-> void AtDollar::setTagPatterns() { setTagNr(2); switch (d_text.back()) { default: d_pattern = Dt_; return; case '.': d_pattern = Dt_m; return; case '>': d_pattern = Dt_p; return; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/frame0000664000175000017500000000004714700504612015077 0ustar frankfrank#include "atdollar.ih" AtDollar:: { } bisonc++-6.09.01/atdollar/atdollar.h0000664000175000017500000000556314700504612016045 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef INCLUDED_ATDOLLAR_ #define INCLUDED_ATDOLLAR_ #include #include #include class AtDollar { friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, AtDollar const &atd); public: // Pattern is determined by the constructor // Update stackElement if another $$ or @@ element is added enum Pattern // A: at, D represents $, ref: (), _: -nr, n: nr { // m (= member): . p (= pointer) -> t: // par (open parenthesis) AA, // @@ An, // @nr DD, // $$ refDD, // _$$ DDm, // $$. DDp, // $$-> Dn, // $nr refDn, // _$nr Dnm, // $nr. Dnp, // $nr-> D_, // $-nr refD_, // _$-nr D_m, // $-nr. D_p, // $-nr-> Dt_, // $-nr Dt_m, // $-nr. Dt_p, // $-nr-> DDpar, // $$( }; private: size_t d_pos; size_t d_lineNr; std::string d_text; size_t d_length; Pattern d_pattern; std::string d_tag; bool d_refByScanner; // scanner.assignment substututed // $$ ($nr) by _$$ (_$nr) // $$ or @@ if numeric_limits::max() int d_nr = std::numeric_limits::max(); public: AtDollar() = default; // only used by std::vector in Block AtDollar(size_t blockPos, size_t lineNr, std::string const &text, bool refByScanner); Pattern pattern() const; int nr() const; // nr used in $nr constructions std::string const &text() const;// the matched text std::string const &tag() const; // ID in $.. constructions size_t pos() const; // offset inside the block size_t length() const; // matched text length size_t lineNr() const; // line nr in the grammar file bool refByScanner() const; // ref. inserted scanner.assignment() bool stackElement() const; // referring to an element in the // stack, so not $$ or @@ private: void setTagNr(size_t idx); // idx beyond < void setAtPatterns(); // text[0] == '@' void setRefPatterns(); // text[0] == '_' void setDollarPatterns(); // text[0] == '$' void setDollarDollarPatterns(); void setTagPatterns(); void setNumberPatterns(); }; #include "atdollar.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/bisonc++.xref0000664000175000017500000034316114700504612014560 0ustar frankfrankoxref by Frank B. Brokken (f.b.brokken@rug.nl) oxref V 2.01.00 2012-2023 CREATED Sun, 07 Apr 2024 19:04:56 +0000 OXREF ARGUMENTS: -t main -r replace -fxs tmp/main.o tmp/libmodules.a ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CROSS REFERENCE LISTING: accept(Options::PathType, char const*) Full name: Options::accept(Options::PathType, char const*) Source: accept.cc Used By: assign.cc: Options::assign(std::string*, Options::PathType, char const*) actionCases(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::actionCases(std::ostream&) const Source: actioncases.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o addElement(Symbol*) Full name: Rules::addElement(Symbol*) Source: addelement.cc Used By: augmentgrammar.cc: Rules::augmentGrammar(Symbol*) handleproductionelement.cc: Parser::handleProductionElement(Meta_::SType&) handleproductionelements.cc: Parser::handleProductionElements(Meta_::SType&, Meta_::SType const&) nestedblock.cc: Parser::nestedBlock(Block&) addIncludeQuotes(std::string&) Full name: Options::addIncludeQuotes(std::string&) Source: addincludequotes.cc Used By: setquotedstrings.cc: Options::setQuotedStrings() addKernelItem(StateItem const&) Full name: State::addKernelItem(StateItem const&) Source: addkernelitem.cc Used By: addstate.cc: State::addState(std::vector const&) initialstate.cc: State::initialState() addNext(Symbol const*, unsigned long) Full name: State::addNext(Symbol const*, unsigned long) Source: addnext.cc Used By: notreducible.cc: State::notReducible(unsigned long) addPolymorphic(std::string const&, std::string const&) Full name: Parser::addPolymorphic(std::string const&, std::string const&) Source: addpolymorphic.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) addProduction(unsigned long) Full name: Rules::addProduction(unsigned long) Source: addproduction.cc Used By: augmentgrammar.cc: Rules::augmentGrammar(Symbol*) openrule.cc: Parser::openRule(std::string const&) parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) addProductions(Symbol const*) Full name: State::addProductions(Symbol const*) Source: addproductions.cc Used By: addnext.cc: State::addNext(Symbol const*, unsigned long) addState(std::vector const&) Full name: State::addState(std::vector const&) Source: addstate.cc Used By: nextstate.cc: State::nextState(Next&) addToKernel(std::vector&, Symbol const*, unsigned long) Full name: Next::addToKernel(std::vector&, Symbol const*, unsigned long) Source: addtokernel.cc Used By: notreducible.cc: State::notReducible(unsigned long) allStates() Full name: State::allStates() Source: allstates.cc Used By: main.cc: main assign(std::string*, Options::PathType, char const*) Full name: Options::assign(std::string*, Options::PathType, char const*) Source: assign.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) assignment() Full name: Scanner::assignment() Source: assignment.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) assignNonTerminalNumbers() Full name: Rules::assignNonTerminalNumbers() Source: assignnonterminalnumbers.cc Used By: main.cc: main atClassname() const Full name: Generator::atClassname() const Source: atclassname.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o atDollar(unsigned long, std::string const&, bool, bool) Full name: Block::atDollar(unsigned long, std::string const&, bool, bool) Source: atdollar.cc Used By: assignment.cc: Scanner::assignment() lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) AtDollar(unsigned long, unsigned long, std::string const&, bool) Full name: AtDollar::AtDollar(unsigned long, unsigned long, std::string const&, bool) Source: atdollar1.cc Used By: atdollar.cc: Block::atDollar(unsigned long, std::string const&, bool, bool) atElse(bool&) const Full name: Generator::atElse(bool&) const Source: atelse.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o atEnd(bool&) const Full name: Generator::atEnd(bool&) const Source: atend.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o atLtype() const Full name: Generator::atLtype() const Source: atltype.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o atMatchedTextFunction() const Full name: Generator::atMatchedTextFunction() const Source: atmatchedtextfunction.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o atNameSpacedClassname() const Full name: Generator::atNameSpacedClassname() const Source: atnamespacedclassname.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o atTokenFunction() const Full name: Generator::atTokenFunction() const Source: attokenfunction.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o augmentGrammar(Symbol*) Full name: Rules::augmentGrammar(Symbol*) Source: augmentgrammar.cc Used By: cleanup.cc: Parser::cleanup() baseClass(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::baseClass(std::ostream&) const Source: baseclass.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o baseClassCode(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::baseClassCode(std::ostream&) const Source: baseclasscode.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o baseClassHeader() const Full name: Generator::baseClassHeader() const Source: baseclassheader.cc Used By: main.cc: main baseclassHeaderName() const Full name: Options::baseclassHeaderName() const Source: baseclassheadername.cc Used By: conflicts.cc: Generator::conflicts() const becomesDerivable(Production const*) Full name: Grammar::becomesDerivable(Production const*) Source: becomesderivable.cc Used By: derivable.cc: Grammar::derivable(Symbol const*) beyondDotIsNonTerminal() const Full name: Item::beyondDotIsNonTerminal() const Source: beyonddotisnonterminal.cc Used By: distributelasetof.cc: State::distributeLAsetOf(StateItem&) blkAssign(std::string const&, Production const&) Full name: Parser::blkAssign(std::string const&, Production const&) Source: blkassign.cc Used By: blkassignw.cc: Parser::blkAssignW(std::string const&, Production const&) blkcheck.cc: Parser::blkCheck(std::string const&, Production const&) data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o blkAssignW(std::string const&, Production const&) Full name: Parser::blkAssignW(std::string const&, Production const&) Source: blkassignw.cc Used By: blkcheckw.cc: Parser::blkCheckW(std::string const&, Production const&) data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o blkCheck(std::string const&, Production const&) Full name: Parser::blkCheck(std::string const&, Production const&) Source: blkcheck.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o blkCheckW(std::string const&, Production const&) Full name: Parser::blkCheckW(std::string const&, Production const&) Source: blkcheckw.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o blkDirect(std::string const&, Production const&) Full name: Parser::blkDirect(std::string const&, Production const&) Source: blkdirect.cc Used By: blkdirectw.cc: Parser::blkDirectW(std::string const&, Production const&) data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o blkDirectW(std::string const&, Production const&) Full name: Parser::blkDirectW(std::string const&, Production const&) Source: blkdirectw.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o blkErr(std::string const&, Production const&) Full name: Parser::blkErr(std::string const&, Production const&) Source: blkerr.cc Used By: blkcheck.cc: Parser::blkCheck(std::string const&, Production const&) blkcheckw.cc: Parser::blkCheckW(std::string const&, Production const&) data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o blkNop(std::string const&, Production const&) Full name: Parser::blkNop(std::string const&, Production const&) Source: blknop.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o blkNopW(std::string const&, Production const&) Full name: Parser::blkNopW(std::string const&, Production const&) Source: blknopw.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o blkSTYPE(std::string const&, Production const&) Full name: Parser::blkSTYPE(std::string const&, Production const&) Source: blkstype.cc Used By: blkstypew.cc: Parser::blkSTYPEW(std::string const&, Production const&) data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o blkSTYPEW(std::string const&, Production const&) Full name: Parser::blkSTYPEW(std::string const&, Production const&) Source: blkstypew.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o bolAt(std::string&, bool&) const Full name: Generator::bolAt(std::string&, bool&) const Source: bolat.cc Used By: insert2.cc: Generator::insert(std::ostream&, unsigned long, char const*) const buildKernel(std::vector*, std::vector const&) Full name: Next::buildKernel(std::vector*, std::vector const&) Source: buildkernel.cc Used By: nextstate.cc: State::nextState(Next&) canonicalQuote() Full name: Scanner::canonicalQuote() Source: canonicalquote.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setprecedence.cc: Parser::setPrecedence(unsigned long) useterminal.cc: Parser::useTerminal() checkConflicts() Full name: State::checkConflicts() Source: checkconflicts.cc Used By: define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) checkEndOfRawString() Full name: Scanner::checkEndOfRawString() Source: checkendofrawstring.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) checkField(std::string const&) Full name: Parser::checkField(std::string const&) Source: checkfield.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) checkFirstType() Full name: Parser::checkFirstType() Source: checkfirsttype.cc Used By: handleproductionelement.cc: Parser::handleProductionElement(Meta_::SType&) parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) checkRemoved(std::ostream&) const Full name: Next::checkRemoved(std::ostream&) const Source: checkremoved.cc Used By: transition.cc: Next::transition(std::ostream&) const transitionkernel.cc: Next::transitionKernel(std::ostream&) const checkZeroNumber() Full name: Scanner::checkZeroNumber() Source: checkzeronumber.cc Used By: hexadecimal.cc: Scanner::hexadecimal() octal.cc: Scanner::octal() classH(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::classH(std::ostream&) const Source: classh.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o classHeader() const Full name: Generator::classHeader() const Source: classheader.cc Used By: main.cc: main classIH(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::classIH(std::ostream&) const Source: classih.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o cleanDir(std::string&, bool) Full name: Options::cleanDir(std::string&, bool) Source: cleandir.cc Used By: setbasicstrings.cc: Options::setBasicStrings() cleanup() Full name: Parser::cleanup() Source: cleanup.cc Used By: main.cc: main clear() Full name: Block::clear() Source: clear.cc Used By: expectrules.cc: Parser::expectRules() open.cc: Block::open(unsigned long, std::string const&) close() Full name: Block::close() Source: close.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) comparePrecedence(Symbol const*, Symbol const*) Full name: Terminal::comparePrecedence(Symbol const*, Symbol const*) Source: compareprecedence.cc Used By: comparereductions.cc: RRConflict::compareReductions(unsigned long*, unsigned long) solvebyprecedence.cc: Next::solveByPrecedence(Symbol const*) const compareReductions(unsigned long*, unsigned long) Full name: RRConflict::compareReductions(unsigned long*, unsigned long) Source: comparereductions.cc Used By: visitreduction.cc: RRConflict::visitReduction(unsigned long) computeLAsets() Full name: State::computeLAsets() Source: computelasets.cc Used By: determinelasets.cc: State::determineLAsets() conflicts() const Full name: Generator::conflicts() const Source: conflicts.cc Used By: main.cc: main construct() Full name: State::construct() Source: construct.cc Used By: define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) containsKernelItem(Item const&, unsigned long, std::vector const&) Full name: StateItem::containsKernelItem(Item const&, unsigned long, std::vector const&) Source: containskernelitem.cc Used By: haskernel.cc: State::hasKernel(std::vector const&) const debug(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::debug(std::ostream&) const Source: debug.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o debugDecl(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::debugDecl(std::ostream&) const Source: debugdecl.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o debugFunctions(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::debugFunctions(std::ostream&) const Source: debugfunctions.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o debugIncludes(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::debugIncludes(std::ostream&) const Source: debugincludes.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o debugLookup(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::debugLookup(std::ostream&) const Source: debuglookup.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o defaultPolymorphicAction(Production const&) Full name: Parser::defaultPolymorphicAction(Production const&) Source: defaultpolymorphicaction.cc Used By: checkfirsttype.cc: Parser::checkFirstType() define(Rules const&) Full name: State::define(Rules const&) Source: define.cc Used By: main.cc: main defineNonTerminal(std::string const&, std::string const&) Full name: Parser::defineNonTerminal(std::string const&, std::string const&) Source: definenonterminal.cc Used By: nestedblock.cc: Parser::nestedBlock(Block&) defineTerminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type) Full name: Parser::defineTerminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type) Source: defineterminal.cc Used By: definetokenname.cc: Parser::defineTokenName(std::string const&, bool) parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) defineTokenName(std::string const&, bool) Full name: Parser::defineTokenName(std::string const&, bool) Source: definetokenname.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) derivable(Symbol const*) Full name: Grammar::derivable(Symbol const*) Source: derivable.cc Used By: becomesderivable.cc: Grammar::becomesDerivable(Production const*) derivesentence.cc: Grammar::deriveSentence() deriveSentence() Full name: Grammar::deriveSentence() Source: derivesentence.cc Used By: main.cc: main determineFirst() Full name: Rules::determineFirst() Source: determinefirst.cc Used By: main.cc: main determineLAsets() Full name: State::determineLAsets() Source: determinelasets.cc Used By: define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) distributeLAsetOf(StateItem&) Full name: State::distributeLAsetOf(StateItem&) Source: distributelasetof.cc Used By: computelasets.cc: State::computeLAsets() dval(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::dval(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: dval.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o dvalMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::dvalMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: dvalmem.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o dvalPar(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::dvalPar(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: dvalpar.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o dvalPoly(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::dvalPoly(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: dvalpoly.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o dvalPolyMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::dvalPolyMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: dvalpolymem.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o dvalPolyPar(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::dvalPolyPar(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: dvalpolypar.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o dvalPolyPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::dvalPolyPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: dvalpolyptr.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o dvalPolyReplace(bool, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Full name: Parser::dvalPolyReplace(bool, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Source: dvalpolyreplace.cc Used By: dvalpoly.cc: Parser::dvalPoly(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalpolymem.cc: Parser::dvalPolyMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalpolyptr.cc: Parser::dvalPolyPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::dvalPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: dvalptr.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o dvalRefUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::dvalRefUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: dvalrefunion.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o dvalReplace(bool, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Full name: Parser::dvalReplace(bool, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Source: dvalreplace.cc Used By: dval.cc: Parser::dval(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalmem.cc: Parser::dvalMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalpar.cc: Parser::dvalPar(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalptr.cc: Parser::dvalPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalrefunion.cc: Parser::dvalRefUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalunionpar.cc: Parser::dvalUnionPar(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::dvalUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: dvalunion.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o dvalUnionMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::dvalUnionMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: dvalunionmem.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o dvalUnionPar(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::dvalUnionPar(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: dvalunionpar.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o dvalUnionPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::dvalUnionPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: dvalunionptr.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o dvalUnionReplace(bool, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Full name: Parser::dvalUnionReplace(bool, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Source: dvalunionreplace.cc Used By: dvalrefunion.cc: Parser::dvalRefUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalunion.cc: Parser::dvalUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalunionmem.cc: Parser::dvalUnionMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalunionptr.cc: Parser::dvalUnionPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) enlargeLA(LookaheadSet const&) Full name: StateItem::enlargeLA(LookaheadSet const&) Source: enlargela.cc Used By: distributelasetof.cc: State::distributeLAsetOf(StateItem&) inspecttransitions.cc: State::inspectTransitions(std::set>&) eoln() Full name: Scanner::eoln() Source: eoln.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) errExisting(std::string const&, std::string const&, std::string const&) const Full name: Generator::errExisting(std::string const&, std::string const&, std::string const&) const Source: errexisting.cc Used By: conflicts.cc: Generator::conflicts() const errIndexTooLarge(AtDollar const&, int) const Full name: Parser::errIndexTooLarge(AtDollar const&, int) const Source: errindextoolarge.cc Used By: substituteblock.cc: Parser::substituteBlock(int, Block&) errNoTag(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::errNoTag(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: errnotag.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o errNoUnionPtr(AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::errNoUnionPtr(AtDollar const&) Source: errnounionptr.cc Used By: dvalunionreplace.cc: Parser::dvalUnionReplace(bool, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) svsunionreplace.cc: Parser::svsUnionReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) error() Full name: Parser::error() Source: error.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::errorRecovery_() errorVerbose(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::errorVerbose(std::ostream&) const Source: errorverbose.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o escape() Full name: Scanner::escape() Source: escape.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) executeActionCases(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::executeActionCases(std::ostream&) const Source: executeactioncases.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o existingTag(AtDollar const&) const Full name: Parser::existingTag(AtDollar const&) const Source: existingtag.cc Used By: svspolytagreplace.cc: Parser::svsPolyTagReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) expectRules() Full name: Parser::expectRules() Source: expectrules.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) filename(std::string const&) Full name: Generator::filename(std::string const&) Source: filename.cc Used By: baseclass.cc: Generator::baseClass(std::ostream&) const classh.cc: Generator::classH(std::ostream&) const classih.cc: Generator::classIH(std::ostream&) const filter(std::istream&, std::ostream&, bool) const Full name: Generator::filter(std::istream&, std::ostream&, bool) const Source: filter.cc Used By: baseclassheader.cc: Generator::baseClassHeader() const classheader.cc: Generator::classHeader() const implementationheader.cc: Generator::implementationHeader() const parsefunction.cc: Generator::parseFunction() const polymorphic.cc: Generator::polymorphic(std::ostream&) const polymorphiccode.cc: Generator::polymorphicCode(std::ostream&) const findKernel(std::vector const&) const Full name: State::findKernel(std::vector const&) const Source: findkernel.cc Used By: nextstate.cc: State::nextState(Next&) firstBeyondDot(FirstSet*) const Full name: Item::firstBeyondDot(FirstSet*) const Source: firstbeyonddot.cc Used By: distributelasetof.cc: State::distributeLAsetOf(StateItem&) FirstSet(Element const*) Full name: FirstSet::FirstSet(Element const*) Source: firstset1.cc Used By: terminal1.cc: Terminal::Terminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type, unsigned long, Terminal::Association, std::string const&) terminal2.cc: Terminal::Terminal(std::string const&, std::string const&, Symbol::Type) g_typename Full name: g_typename Source: returntypespec.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) Generator(Rules const&, std::unordered_map&&) Full name: Generator::Generator(Rules const&, std::unordered_map&&) Source: generator1.cc Used By: main.cc: main grep(std::string const&, std::string const&) const Full name: Generator::grep(std::string const&, std::string const&) const Source: grep.cc Used By: errexisting.cc: Generator::errExisting(std::string const&, std::string const&, std::string const&) const handleProductionElement(Meta_::SType&) Full name: Parser::handleProductionElement(Meta_::SType&) Source: handleproductionelement.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) handleProductionElements(Meta_::SType&, Meta_::SType const&) Full name: Parser::handleProductionElements(Meta_::SType&, Meta_::SType const&) Source: handleproductionelements.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) handleSRconflict(Next::ConstIter const&, unsigned long) Full name: SRConflict::handleSRconflict(Next::ConstIter const&, unsigned long) Source: handlesrconflict.cc Used By: processshiftreduceconflict.cc: SRConflict::processShiftReduceConflict(Next::ConstIter const&, unsigned long) handleXstring(unsigned long) Full name: Scanner::handleXstring(unsigned long) Source: handlexstring.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) hasKernel(std::vector const&) const Full name: State::hasKernel(std::vector const&) const Source: haskernel.cc Used By: findkernel.cc: State::findKernel(std::vector const&) const hexadecimal() Full name: Scanner::hexadecimal() Source: hexadecimal.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) idOfTag(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::idOfTag(std::ostream&) const Source: idoftag.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o idOfTag_ Full name: Meta_::idOfTag_ Source: parse.cc Used By: handleproductionelement.cc: GLOBALS handleproductionelement.cc 2handleproductionelement.o handleproductionelements.cc: GLOBALS handleproductionelements.cc 2handleproductionelements.o ifInsertStype(bool&) const Full name: Generator::ifInsertStype(bool&) const Source: ifinsertstype.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o ifLtype(bool&) const Full name: Generator::ifLtype(bool&) const Source: ifltype.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o ifPrintTokens(bool&) const Full name: Generator::ifPrintTokens(bool&) const Source: ifprinttokens.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o implementationHeader() const Full name: Generator::implementationHeader() const Source: implementationheader.cc Used By: main.cc: main indexToOffset(int, int) const Full name: Parser::indexToOffset(int, int) const Source: indextooffset.cc Used By: locel.cc: Parser::locEl(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svselement.cc: Parser::svsElement(int, int) const initialState() Full name: State::initialState() Source: initialstate.cc Used By: define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) insert(NonTerminal*) Full name: Rules::insert(NonTerminal*) Source: insert2.cc Used By: augmentgrammar.cc: Rules::augmentGrammar(Symbol*) definenonterminal.cc: Parser::defineNonTerminal(std::string const&, std::string const&) requirenonterminal.cc: Parser::requireNonTerminal(std::string const&) usesymbol.cc: Parser::useSymbol() insert(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::insert(std::ostream&) const Source: insert.cc Used By: filter.cc: Generator::filter(std::istream&, std::ostream&, bool) const insert(std::ostream&) const Full name: SRConflict::insert(std::ostream&) const Source: insert.cc Used By: insertext.cc: State::insertExt(std::ostream&) const insertstd.cc: State::insertStd(std::ostream&) const insert(std::ostream&) const Full name: LookaheadSet::insert(std::ostream&) const Source: insert.cc Used By: operatorinsert.cc: operator<<(std::ostream&, LookaheadSet const&) insert(std::ostream&) const Full name: RRConflict::insert(std::ostream&) const Source: insert.cc Used By: insertext.cc: State::insertExt(std::ostream&) const insertstd.cc: State::insertStd(std::ostream&) const insert(std::ostream&) const Full name: FirstSet::insert(std::ostream&) const Source: oinsert.cc Used By: showfirst.cc: GLOBALS showfirst.cc 12showfirst.o insertext.cc: GLOBALS insertext.cc 25insertext.o insert(std::ostream&) const Full name: NonTerminal::insert(std::ostream&) const Source: v.cc Used By: destructor.cc: NonTerminal::~NonTerminal() insert(std::ostream&, Production const*) const Full name: Item::insert(std::ostream&, Production const*) const Source: insert.cc Used By: plainitem.cc: Item::plainItem(std::ostream&) const pnrdotitem.cc: Item::pNrDotItem(std::ostream&) const insert(std::ostream&, unsigned long, char const*) const Full name: Generator::insert(std::ostream&, unsigned long, char const*) const Source: insert2.cc Used By: debugdecl.cc: Generator::debugDecl(std::ostream&) const debugfunctions.cc: Generator::debugFunctions(std::ostream&) const debugincludes.cc: Generator::debugIncludes(std::ostream&) const debuglookup.cc: Generator::debugLookup(std::ostream&) const lex.cc: Generator::lex(std::ostream&) const ltype.cc: Generator::ltype(std::ostream&) const ltypedata.cc: Generator::ltypeData(std::ostream&) const print.cc: Generator::print(std::ostream&) const undefparser.cc: Generator::undefparser(std::ostream&) const insert(std::vector const&) const Full name: Writer::insert(std::vector const&) const Source: insert.cc Used By: tokens.cc: Generator::tokens(std::ostream&) const insert(Terminal*, std::string const&) Full name: Rules::insert(Terminal*, std::string const&) Source: insert1.cc Used By: defineterminal.cc: Parser::defineTerminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type) predefine.cc: Parser::predefine(Terminal const*) useterminal.cc: Parser::useTerminal() insertAction(Production const*, std::ostream&, bool, unsigned long) Full name: Production::insertAction(Production const*, std::ostream&, bool, unsigned long) Source: insertaction.cc Used By: actioncases.cc: Generator::actionCases(std::ostream&) const insertExt(std::ostream&) const Full name: State::insertExt(std::ostream&) const Source: insertext.cc Used By: allstates.cc: State::allStates() define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) insertStd(std::ostream&) const Full name: State::insertStd(std::ostream&) const Source: insertstd.cc Used By: define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) insertToken(Terminal const*, unsigned long&, std::ostream&) Full name: Writer::insertToken(Terminal const*, unsigned long&, std::ostream&) Source: inserttoken.cc Used By: insert.cc: Writer::insert(std::vector const&) const insName(std::ostream&) const Full name: NonTerminal::insName(std::ostream&) const Source: insname.cc Used By: showfirst.cc: GLOBALS showfirst.cc 12showfirst.o insertext.cc: GLOBALS insertext.cc 25insertext.o inspect() Full name: SRConflict::inspect() Source: inspect.cc Used By: checkconflicts.cc: State::checkConflicts() inspect() Full name: RRConflict::inspect() Source: inspect.cc Used By: checkconflicts.cc: State::checkConflicts() inspectTransitions(std::set>&) Full name: State::inspectTransitions(std::set>&) Source: inspecttransitions.cc Used By: determinelasets.cc: State::determineLAsets() installAction(Block&) Full name: Parser::installAction(Block&) Source: installaction.cc Used By: handleproductionelement.cc: Parser::handleProductionElement(Meta_::SType&) installDefaultAction(Production const&, std::string const&) Full name: Parser::installDefaultAction(Production const&, std::string const&) Source: installdefaultaction.cc Used By: blkassign.cc: Parser::blkAssign(std::string const&, Production const&) blkdirect.cc: Parser::blkDirect(std::string const&, Production const&) blkstype.cc: Parser::blkSTYPE(std::string const&, Production const&) checkfirsttype.cc: Parser::checkFirstType() instance() Full name: Options::instance() Source: instance.cc Used By: generator1.cc: Generator::Generator(Rules const&, std::unordered_map&&) parser1.cc: Parser::Parser(Rules&) intersection(LookaheadSet const&) const Full name: LookaheadSet::intersection(LookaheadSet const&) const Source: intersection.cc Used By: comparereductions.cc: RRConflict::compareReductions(unsigned long*, unsigned long) isDerivable(Production const*) Full name: Grammar::isDerivable(Production const*) Source: isderivable.cc Used By: derivable.cc: Grammar::derivable(Symbol const*) isFirstStypeDefinition() const Full name: Options::isFirstStypeDefinition() const Source: isfirststypedef.cc Used By: setpolymorphicdecl.cc: Options::setPolymorphicDecl() setstype.cc: Options::setStype() setuniondecl.cc: Options::setUnionDecl(std::string const&) Item() Full name: Item::Item() Source: item0.cc Used By: stateitem1.cc: StateItem::StateItem() Item(Item const*, unsigned long) Full name: Item::Item(Item const*, unsigned long) Source: item2.cc Used By: buildkernel.cc: Next::buildKernel(std::vector*, std::vector const&) Item(Production const*) Full name: Item::Item(Production const*) Source: item1.cc Used By: addproductions.cc: State::addProductions(Symbol const*) initialstate.cc: State::initialState() itemContext(std::ostream&) const Full name: StateItem::itemContext(std::ostream&) const Source: itemcontext.cc Used By: insertext.cc: State::insertExt(std::ostream&) const key(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::key(std::ostream&) const Source: key.cc Used By: actioncases.cc: Generator::actionCases(std::ostream&) const baseclass.cc: Generator::baseClass(std::ostream&) const baseclasscode.cc: Generator::baseClassCode(std::ostream&) const classh.cc: Generator::classH(std::ostream&) const classih.cc: Generator::classIH(std::ostream&) const debug.cc: Generator::debug(std::ostream&) const debugdecl.cc: Generator::debugDecl(std::ostream&) const debugfunctions.cc: Generator::debugFunctions(std::ostream&) const debugincludes.cc: Generator::debugIncludes(std::ostream&) const debuglookup.cc: Generator::debugLookup(std::ostream&) const errorverbose.cc: Generator::errorVerbose(std::ostream&) const executeactioncases.cc: Generator::executeActionCases(std::ostream&) const idoftag.cc: Generator::idOfTag(std::ostream&) const lex.cc: Generator::lex(std::ostream&) const ltype.cc: Generator::ltype(std::ostream&) const ltypeclear.cc: Generator::ltypeClear(std::ostream&) const ltypedata.cc: Generator::ltypeData(std::ostream&) const ltypepop.cc: Generator::ltypePop(std::ostream&) const ltypepush.cc: Generator::ltypePush(std::ostream&) const ltyperesize.cc: Generator::ltypeResize(std::ostream&) const ltypestack.cc: Generator::ltypeStack(std::ostream&) const namespaceclose.cc: Generator::namespaceClose(std::ostream&) const namespaceopen.cc: Generator::namespaceOpen(std::ostream&) const namespaceuse.cc: Generator::namespaceUse(std::ostream&) const parserbase.cc: Generator::parserBase(std::ostream&) const polyincludes.cc: Generator::polyIncludes(std::ostream&) const polymorphic.cc: Generator::polymorphic(std::ostream&) const polymorphiccode.cc: Generator::polymorphicCode(std::ostream&) const polymorphicopassigndecl.cc: Generator::polymorphicOpAssignDecl(std::ostream&) const polymorphicopassignimpl.cc: Generator::polymorphicOpAssignImpl(std::ostream&) const polymorphicspecializations.cc: Generator::polymorphicSpecializations(std::ostream&) const preincludes.cc: Generator::preIncludes(std::ostream&) const print.cc: Generator::print(std::ostream&) const prompt.cc: Generator::prompt(std::ostream&) const scannerh.cc: Generator::scannerH(std::ostream&) const scannerobject.cc: Generator::scannerObject(std::ostream&) const staticdata.cc: Generator::staticData(std::ostream&) const stype.cc: Generator::stype(std::ostream&) const tokens.cc: Generator::tokens(std::ostream&) const undefparser.cc: Generator::undefparser(std::ostream&) const warntagmismatches.cc: Generator::warnTagMismatches(std::ostream&) const lex(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::lex(std::ostream&) const Source: lex.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o lex_() Full name: Scanner::lex_() Source: lex.cc Used By: parse.cc: ParserBase::popToken_() loc(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::loc(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: loc.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o locEl(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::locEl(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: locel.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet const&) Full name: LookaheadSet::LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet const&) Source: lookaheadset3.cc Used By: rrdata1.cc: RRData::RRData(LookaheadSet) comparereductions.cc: GLOBALS comparereductions.cc 20comparereductions.o visitreduction.cc: SRConflict::visitReduction(unsigned long) addkernelitem.cc: GLOBALS addkernelitem.cc 25addkernelitem.o addproductions.cc: GLOBALS addproductions.cc 25addproductions.o LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet::EndStatus) Full name: LookaheadSet::LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet::EndStatus) Source: lookaheadset1.cc Used By: stateitem1.cc: StateItem::StateItem() stateitem2.cc: StateItem::StateItem(Item const&) distributelasetof.cc: State::distributeLAsetOf(StateItem&) initialstate.cc: State::initialState() lookup(std::string const&) Full name: Symtab::lookup(std::string const&) Source: lookup.cc Used By: cleanup.cc: Parser::cleanup() definenonterminal.cc: Parser::defineNonTerminal(std::string const&, std::string const&) defineterminal.cc: Parser::defineTerminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type) requirenonterminal.cc: Parser::requireNonTerminal(std::string const&) setprecedence.cc: Parser::setPrecedence(unsigned long) usesymbol.cc: Parser::useSymbol() useterminal.cc: Parser::useTerminal() ltype(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::ltype(std::ostream&) const Source: ltype.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o ltypeClear(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::ltypeClear(std::ostream&) const Source: ltypeclear.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o ltypeData(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::ltypeData(std::ostream&) const Source: ltypedata.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o ltypePop(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::ltypePop(std::ostream&) const Source: ltypepop.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o ltypePush(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::ltypePush(std::ostream&) const Source: ltypepush.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o ltypeResize(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::ltypeResize(std::ostream&) const Source: ltyperesize.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o ltypeStack(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::ltypeStack(std::ostream&) const Source: ltypestack.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o multiCharQuote() Full name: Scanner::multiCharQuote() Source: multicharquote.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) multiplyDefined(Symbol const*) Full name: Parser::multiplyDefined(Symbol const*) Source: multiplydefined.cc Used By: definenonterminal.cc: Parser::defineNonTerminal(std::string const&, std::string const&) defineterminal.cc: Parser::defineTerminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type) requirenonterminal.cc: Parser::requireNonTerminal(std::string const&) useterminal.cc: Parser::useTerminal() nameOrValue(std::ostream&) const Full name: Terminal::nameOrValue(std::ostream&) const Source: nameorvalue.cc Used By: reductionsymbol.cc: Writer::reductionSymbol(Element const*, unsigned long, FBB::Table&) transition.cc: Writer::transition(Next const&, FBB::Table&) namespaceClose(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::namespaceClose(std::ostream&) const Source: namespaceclose.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o namespaceOpen(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::namespaceOpen(std::ostream&) const Source: namespaceopen.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o namespaceUse(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::namespaceUse(std::ostream&) const Source: namespaceuse.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o nestedBlock(Block&) Full name: Parser::nestedBlock(Block&) Source: nestedblock.cc Used By: handleproductionelements.cc: Parser::handleProductionElements(Meta_::SType&, Meta_::SType const&) newRule(NonTerminal*, std::string const&, unsigned long) Full name: Rules::newRule(NonTerminal*, std::string const&, unsigned long) Source: newrule.cc Used By: augmentgrammar.cc: Rules::augmentGrammar(Symbol*) openrule.cc: Parser::openRule(std::string const&) newState() Full name: State::newState() Source: newstate.cc Used By: addstate.cc: State::addState(std::vector const&) initialstate.cc: State::initialState() Next(Symbol const*, unsigned long) Full name: Next::Next(Symbol const*, unsigned long) Source: next2.cc Used By: addnext.cc: State::addNext(Symbol const*, unsigned long) nextFind(Symbol const*) const Full name: State::nextFind(Symbol const*) const Source: nextfindfrom.cc Used By: nexton.cc: State::nextOn(Symbol const*) const notreducible.cc: State::notReducible(unsigned long) nextHiddenName() Full name: Parser::nextHiddenName() Source: nexthiddenname.cc Used By: nestedblock.cc: Parser::nestedBlock(Block&) nextState(Next&) Full name: State::nextState(Next&) Source: nextstate.cc Used By: construct.cc: State::construct() NonTerminal(std::string const&, std::string const&, Symbol::Type) Full name: NonTerminal::NonTerminal(std::string const&, std::string const&, Symbol::Type) Source: nonterminal1.cc Used By: augmentgrammar.cc: Rules::augmentGrammar(Symbol*) definenonterminal.cc: Parser::defineNonTerminal(std::string const&, std::string const&) requirenonterminal.cc: Parser::requireNonTerminal(std::string const&) usesymbol.cc: Parser::useSymbol() nonTerminalSymbol(NonTerminal const*, std::ostream&) Full name: Writer::nonTerminalSymbol(NonTerminal const*, std::ostream&) Source: nonterminalsymbol.cc Used By: symbolicnames.cc: Writer::symbolicNames() const notokens(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::notokens(std::ostream&) const Source: notokens.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o notReducible(unsigned long) Full name: State::notReducible(unsigned long) Source: notreducible.cc Used By: setitems.cc: State::setItems() octal() Full name: Scanner::octal() Source: octal.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) open(unsigned long, std::string const&) Full name: Block::open(unsigned long, std::string const&) Source: open.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) installdefaultaction.cc: Parser::installDefaultAction(Production const&, std::string const&) openRule(std::string const&) Full name: Parser::openRule(std::string const&) Source: openrule.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) operator()(std::string const&) Full name: Block::operator()(std::string const&) Source: opfuncharp.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) operator+=(FirstSet const&) Full name: FirstSet::operator+=(FirstSet const&) Source: operatorplusis1.cc Used By: setfirst.cc: NonTerminal::setFirst(NonTerminal*) operatorplusis.cc: LookaheadSet::operator+=(LookaheadSet const&) operatorplusis2.cc: LookaheadSet::operator+=(FirstSet const&) firstbeyonddot.cc: Item::firstBeyondDot(FirstSet*) const operator+=(LookaheadSet const&) Full name: LookaheadSet::operator+=(LookaheadSet const&) Source: operatorplusis.cc Used By: enlargela.cc: StateItem::enlargeLA(LookaheadSet const&) distributelasetof.cc: State::distributeLAsetOf(StateItem&) operator+=(std::set> const&) Full name: FirstSet::operator+=(std::set> const&) Source: operatorplusis2.cc Used By: operatorplusis1.cc: FirstSet::operator+=(FirstSet const&) operator-=(LookaheadSet const&) Full name: LookaheadSet::operator-=(LookaheadSet const&) Source: operatorsubis.cc Used By: removeconflicts.cc: RRConflict::removeConflicts(std::vector&) operator-=(Symbol const*) Full name: LookaheadSet::operator-=(Symbol const*) Source: operatorsubis2.cc Used By: removereductions.cc: SRConflict::removeReductions(std::vector&) operator<<(std::ostream&, AtDollar const&) Full name: operator<<(std::ostream&, AtDollar const&) Source: operatorinsert.cc Used By: operatorinsert.cc: operator<<(std::ostream&, Block const&) operator<<(std::ostream&, LookaheadSet const&) Full name: operator<<(std::ostream&, LookaheadSet const&) Source: operatorinsert.cc Used By: itemcontext.cc: StateItem::itemContext(std::ostream&) const insert.cc: RRConflict::insert(std::ostream&) const operator==(Item const&) const Full name: Item::operator==(Item const&) const Source: operatorequal.cc Used By: containskernelitem.cc: StateItem::containsKernelItem(Item const&, unsigned long, std::vector const&) operator>=(LookaheadSet const&) const Full name: LookaheadSet::operator>=(LookaheadSet const&) const Source: operatorgreaterequal.cc Used By: enlargela.cc: StateItem::enlargeLA(LookaheadSet const&) Options() Full name: Options::Options() Source: options1.cc Used By: instance.cc: Options::instance() parse() Full name: Parser::parse() Source: parse.cc Used By: main.cc: main parseFunction() const Full name: Generator::parseFunction() const Source: parsefunction.cc Used By: main.cc: main Parser(Rules&) Full name: Parser::Parser(Rules&) Source: parser1.cc Used By: main.cc: main ParserBase() Full name: ParserBase::ParserBase() Source: parse.cc Used By: parser1.cc: Parser::Parser(Rules&) parserBase(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::parserBase(std::ostream&) const Source: parserbase.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o plainItem(std::ostream&) const Full name: StateItem::plainItem(std::ostream&) const Source: plainitem.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 19data.o plainItem(std::ostream&) const Full name: Item::plainItem(std::ostream&) const Source: plainitem.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 15data.o plainWarnings() Full name: Global::plainWarnings() Source: plainwarnings.cc Used By: setaccessorvariables.cc: Options::setAccessorVariables() pNrDotItem(std::ostream&) const Full name: Item::pNrDotItem(std::ostream&) const Source: pnrdotitem.cc Used By: insertext.cc: State::insertExt(std::ostream&) const polyIncludes(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::polyIncludes(std::ostream&) const Source: polyincludes.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o polymorphic(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::polymorphic(std::ostream&) const Source: polymorphic.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o polymorphicCode(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::polymorphicCode(std::ostream&) const Source: polymorphiccode.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o polymorphicOpAssignDecl(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::polymorphicOpAssignDecl(std::ostream&) const Source: polymorphicopassigndecl.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o polymorphicOpAssignImpl(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::polymorphicOpAssignImpl(std::ostream&) const Source: polymorphicopassignimpl.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o polymorphicSpecializations(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::polymorphicSpecializations(std::ostream&) const Source: polymorphicspecializations.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o popStream() Full name: ScannerBase::popStream() Source: lex.cc Used By: popstream.cc: Scanner::popStream() popStream() Full name: Scanner::popStream() Source: popstream.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::lex_() predefine(Terminal const*) Full name: Parser::predefine(Terminal const*) Source: predefine.cc Used By: parser1.cc: Parser::Parser(Rules&) preIncludes(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::preIncludes(std::ostream&) const Source: preincludes.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o print(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::print(std::ostream&) const Source: print.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o processShiftReduceConflict(Next::ConstIter const&, unsigned long) Full name: SRConflict::processShiftReduceConflict(Next::ConstIter const&, unsigned long) Source: processshiftreduceconflict.cc Used By: visitreduction.cc: SRConflict::visitReduction(unsigned long) Production(Symbol const*, unsigned long) Full name: Production::Production(Symbol const*, unsigned long) Source: production1.cc Used By: addproduction.cc: Rules::addProduction(unsigned long) sethiddenaction.cc: Rules::setHiddenAction(Block const&) productionInfo(Production const*, std::ostream&) Full name: Writer::productionInfo(Production const*, std::ostream&) Source: productioninfo.cc Used By: productions.cc: Writer::productions() const productions() const Full name: Writer::productions() const Source: productions.cc Used By: staticdata.cc: Generator::staticData(std::ostream&) const prompt(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::prompt(std::ostream&) const Source: prompt.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o pushStream(std::string const&) Full name: ScannerBase::pushStream(std::string const&) Source: lex.cc Used By: handlexstring.cc: Scanner::handleXstring(unsigned long) quotedName(std::ostream&) const Full name: Terminal::quotedName(std::ostream&) const Source: quotedname.cc Used By: setprecedence.cc: Rules::setPrecedence(Terminal const*) rawString() Full name: Scanner::rawString() Source: handlerawstring.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) redo(unsigned long) Full name: ScannerBase::redo(unsigned long) Source: lex.cc Used By: handlexstring.cc: Scanner::handleXstring(unsigned long) reduction(FBB::Table&, StateItem const&) Full name: Writer::reduction(FBB::Table&, StateItem const&) Source: reduction.cc Used By: reductions.cc: Writer::reductions(FBB::Table&, State const&) reductions(FBB::Table&, State const&) Full name: Writer::reductions(FBB::Table&, State const&) Source: reductions.cc Used By: srtable.cc: Writer::srTable(State const*, FBB::Table&, std::ostream&) reductionSymbol(Element const*, unsigned long, FBB::Table&) Full name: Writer::reductionSymbol(Element const*, unsigned long, FBB::Table&) Source: reductionsymbol.cc Used By: reduction.cc: Writer::reduction(FBB::Table&, StateItem const&) releasePolymorphic() Full name: Parser::releasePolymorphic() Source: releasepolymorphic.cc Used By: main.cc: main removeConflicts(std::vector&) Full name: RRConflict::removeConflicts(std::vector&) Source: removeconflicts.cc Used By: checkconflicts.cc: State::checkConflicts() removeReductions(std::vector&) Full name: SRConflict::removeReductions(std::vector&) Source: removereductions.cc Used By: checkconflicts.cc: State::checkConflicts() removeShift(RmShift const&, std::vector&, unsigned long*) Full name: Next::removeShift(RmShift const&, std::vector&, unsigned long*) Source: removeshift.cc Used By: removeshifts.cc: SRConflict::removeShifts(std::vector&) removeShifts(std::vector&) Full name: SRConflict::removeShifts(std::vector&) Source: removeshifts.cc Used By: checkconflicts.cc: State::checkConflicts() replace(std::string&, char, std::string const&) Full name: Generator::replace(std::string&, char, std::string const&) Source: replace.cc Used By: conflicts.cc: Generator::conflicts() const replaceBaseFlag(std::string&) const Full name: Generator::replaceBaseFlag(std::string&) const Source: replacebaseflag.cc Used By: filter.cc: Generator::filter(std::istream&, std::ostream&, bool) const insert2.cc: Generator::insert(std::ostream&, unsigned long, char const*) const requireNonTerminal(std::string const&) Full name: Parser::requireNonTerminal(std::string const&) Source: requirenonterminal.cc Used By: openrule.cc: Parser::openRule(std::string const&) reRead(std::string const&, unsigned long) Full name: ScannerBase::Input::reRead(std::string const&, unsigned long) Source: lex.cc Used By: assignment.cc: Scanner::assignment() returntypespec.cc: Scanner::returnTypeSpec() returnQuoted(void (Scanner::*)()) Full name: Scanner::returnQuoted(void (Scanner::*)()) Source: returnquoted.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) returnTypeSpec() Full name: Scanner::returnTypeSpec() Source: returntypespec.cc Used By: lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) RmReduction(unsigned long, unsigned long, Symbol const*, bool) Full name: RmReduction::RmReduction(unsigned long, unsigned long, Symbol const*, bool) Source: rmreduction1.cc Used By: handlesrconflict.cc: SRConflict::handleSRconflict(Next::ConstIter const&, unsigned long) RmShift(unsigned long, bool) Full name: RmShift::RmShift(unsigned long, bool) Source: rmshift1.cc Used By: handlesrconflict.cc: SRConflict::handleSRconflict(Next::ConstIter const&, unsigned long) RRConflict(std::vector const&, std::vector const&) Full name: RRConflict::RRConflict(std::vector const&, std::vector const&) Source: rrconflict1.cc Used By: state1.cc: State::State(unsigned long) RRData(LookaheadSet) Full name: RRData::RRData(LookaheadSet) Source: rrdata1.cc Used By: comparereductions.cc: RRConflict::compareReductions(unsigned long*, unsigned long) s_acceptProductionNr Full name: Rules::s_acceptProductionNr Source: data.cc Used By: augmentgrammar.cc: Rules::augmentGrammar(Symbol*) s_acceptState Full name: State::s_acceptState Source: data.cc Used By: define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) srtable.cc: Writer::srTable(State const*, FBB::Table&, std::ostream&) s_at Full name: Generator::s_at Source: data.cc Used By: replaceatkey.cc: Generator::replaceAtKey(std::string&, unsigned long) const replacebaseflag.cc: Generator::replaceBaseFlag(std::string&) const s_atBol Full name: Generator::s_atBol Source: data.cc Used By: bolat.cc: Generator::bolAt(std::string&, bool&) const s_atFlag Full name: Generator::s_atFlag Source: data.cc Used By: replacebaseflag.cc: Generator::replaceBaseFlag(std::string&) const s_autoTypeLabel Full name: Parser::s_autoTypeLabel Source: data.cc Used By: warnautotag.cc: Parser::warnAutoTag(bool, AtDollar const&) const s_counter Full name: NonTerminal::s_counter Source: data.cc Used By: setfirst.cc: NonTerminal::setFirst(NonTerminal*) determinefirst.cc: Rules::determineFirst() s_debug_ Full name: ScannerBase::s_debug_ Source: lex.cc Used By: checkendofrawstring.cc: Scanner::checkEndOfRawString() eoln.cc: Scanner::eoln() handlerawstring.cc: Scanner::rawString() handlexstring.cc: Scanner::handleXstring(unsigned long) returnquoted.cc: Scanner::returnQuoted(void (Scanner::*)()) returntypespec.cc: Scanner::returnTypeSpec() parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) s_defaultAction Full name: Parser::s_defaultAction Source: data.cc Used By: defaultpolymorphicaction.cc: Parser::defaultPolymorphicAction(Production const&) s_defaultBaseClassSkeleton Full name: Options::s_defaultBaseClassSkeleton Source: data.cc Used By: setskeletons.cc: Options::setSkeletons() s_defaultClassName Full name: Options::s_defaultClassName Source: data.cc Used By: setbasicstrings.cc: Options::setBasicStrings() s_defaultClassSkeleton Full name: Options::s_defaultClassSkeleton Source: data.cc Used By: setskeletons.cc: Options::setSkeletons() s_defaultImplementationSkeleton Full name: Options::s_defaultImplementationSkeleton Source: data.cc Used By: setskeletons.cc: Options::setSkeletons() s_defaultParsefunSkeleton Full name: Options::s_defaultParsefunSkeleton Source: data.cc Used By: setskeletons.cc: Options::setSkeletons() s_defaultParsefunSource Full name: Options::s_defaultParsefunSource Source: data.cc Used By: setpathstrings.cc: Options::setPathStrings() s_defaultPolymorphicCodeSkeleton Full name: Options::s_defaultPolymorphicCodeSkeleton Source: data.cc Used By: setskeletons.cc: Options::setSkeletons() s_defaultPolymorphicSkeleton Full name: Options::s_defaultPolymorphicSkeleton Source: data.cc Used By: setskeletons.cc: Options::setSkeletons() s_defaultScannerClassName Full name: Options::s_defaultScannerClassName Source: data.cc Used By: setbasicstrings.cc: Options::setBasicStrings() s_defaultScannerMatchedTextFunction Full name: Options::s_defaultScannerMatchedTextFunction Source: data.cc Used By: setbasicstrings.cc: Options::setBasicStrings() s_defaultScannerTokenFunction Full name: Options::s_defaultScannerTokenFunction Source: data.cc Used By: setbasicstrings.cc: Options::setBasicStrings() s_defaultSkeletonDirectory Full name: Options::s_defaultSkeletonDirectory Source: data.cc Used By: setbasicstrings.cc: Options::setBasicStrings() s_defaultStackExpansion Full name: Options::s_defaultStackExpansion Source: data.cc Used By: setaccessorvariables.cc: Options::setAccessorVariables() setstackexpansion.cc: Options::setStackExpansion(unsigned long) staticdata.cc: Generator::staticData(std::ostream&) const s_defaultTokenClass Full name: Options::s_defaultTokenClass Source: data.cc Used By: setquotedstrings.cc: Options::setQuotedStrings() s_dfaBase_ Full name: ScannerBase::s_dfaBase_ Source: lex.cc Used By: checkendofrawstring.cc: Scanner::checkEndOfRawString() eoln.cc: Scanner::eoln() handlerawstring.cc: Scanner::rawString() handlexstring.cc: Scanner::handleXstring(unsigned long) returnquoted.cc: Scanner::returnQuoted(void (Scanner::*)()) returntypespec.cc: Scanner::returnTypeSpec() parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) s_eofTerminal Full name: Rules::s_eofTerminal Source: data.cc Used By: operatorsubis2.cc: LookaheadSet::operator-=(Symbol const*) reduction.cc: Writer::reduction(FBB::Table&, StateItem const&) srtable.cc: Writer::srTable(State const*, FBB::Table&, std::ostream&) selectsymbolic.cc: Generator::selectSymbolic(Terminal const*, std::vector&) parser1.cc: Parser::Parser(Rules&) s_errorTerminal Full name: Rules::s_errorTerminal Source: data.cc Used By: notreducible.cc: State::notReducible(unsigned long) parser1.cc: Parser::Parser(Rules&) s_fileName Full name: Production::s_fileName Source: data.cc Used By: showconflicts.cc: RRConflict::showConflicts(Rules const&) const showconflicts.cc: SRConflict::showConflicts(Rules const&) const installdefaultaction.cc: Parser::installDefaultAction(Production const&, std::string const&) production1.cc: Production::Production(Symbol const*, unsigned long) storeFilename.cc: Production::storeFilename(std::string const&) s_hiddenName Full name: Parser::s_hiddenName Source: data.cc Used By: nexthiddenname.cc: Parser::nextHiddenName() s_insert Full name: Generator::s_insert Source: data.cc Used By: insert.cc: Generator::insert(std::ostream&) const s_insert Full name: State::s_insert Source: data.cc Used By: allstates.cc: State::allStates() define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) s_insertPtr Full name: Next::s_insertPtr Source: data.cc Used By: insertext.cc: State::insertExt(std::ostream&) const insertstd.cc: State::insertStd(std::ostream&) const s_insertPtr Full name: NonTerminal::s_insertPtr Source: data.cc Used By: v.cc: NonTerminal::insert(std::ostream&) const showfirst.cc: Rules::showFirst() const insert.cc: Item::insert(std::ostream&, Production const*) const transitionkernel.cc: Next::transitionKernel(std::ostream&) const insertext.cc: State::insertExt(std::ostream&) const reductionsymbol.cc: Writer::reductionSymbol(Element const*, unsigned long, FBB::Table&) transition.cc: Writer::transition(Next const&, FBB::Table&) multiplydefined.cc: Parser::multiplyDefined(Symbol const*) s_insertPtr Full name: Terminal::s_insertPtr Source: data.cc Used By: setprecedence.cc: GLOBALS setprecedence.cc 12setprecedence.o showfirst.cc: Rules::showFirst() const showterminals.cc: GLOBALS showterminals.cc 12showterminals.o showunusedrules.cc: Rules::showUnusedRules() const showunusedterminals.cc: Rules::showUnusedTerminals() const derivesentence.cc: GLOBALS derivesentence.cc 13derivesentence.o insert.cc: GLOBALS insert.cc 14insert.o insert.cc: GLOBALS insert.cc 15insert.o transition.cc: GLOBALS transition.cc 23transition.o transitionkernel.cc: GLOBALS transitionkernel.cc 23transitionkernel.o insert.cc: GLOBALS insert.cc 24insert.o showconflicts.cc: GLOBALS showconflicts.cc 24showconflicts.o insertext.cc: State::insertExt(std::ostream&) const inserttoken.cc: GLOBALS inserttoken.cc 26inserttoken.o reductionsymbol.cc: Writer::reductionSymbol(Element const*, unsigned long, FBB::Table&) srtable.cc: GLOBALS srtable.cc 26srtable.o terminalsymbol.cc: GLOBALS terminalsymbol.cc 26terminalsymbol.o transition.cc: Writer::transition(Next const&, FBB::Table&) filter.cc: Generator::filter(std::istream&, std::ostream&, bool) const multiplydefined.cc: GLOBALS multiplydefined.cc 2multiplydefined.o oinsert.cc: GLOBALS oinsert.cc 6oinsert.o destructor.cc: GLOBALS destructor.cc 8destructor.o setvalue.cc: GLOBALS setvalue.cc 8setvalue.o unused.cc: GLOBALS unused.cc 8unused.o standard.cc: GLOBALS standard.cc 9standard.o s_insertPtr Full name: StateItem::s_insertPtr Source: data.cc Used By: insertext.cc: State::insertExt(std::ostream&) const insertstd.cc: State::insertStd(std::ostream&) const s_insertPtr Full name: Item::s_insertPtr Source: data.cc Used By: itemcontext.cc: StateItem::itemContext(std::ostream&) const plainitem.cc: StateItem::plainItem(std::ostream&) const insertext.cc: State::insertExt(std::ostream&) const s_lastLineNr Full name: Rules::s_lastLineNr Source: data.cc Used By: addproduction.cc: Rules::addProduction(unsigned long) newrule.cc: Rules::newRule(NonTerminal*, std::string const&, unsigned long) sethiddenaction.cc: Rules::setHiddenAction(Block const&) s_locationValue Full name: Parser::s_locationValue Source: data.cc Used By: loc.cc: Parser::loc(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) s_locationValueStack Full name: Parser::s_locationValueStack Source: data.cc Used By: locel.cc: Parser::locEl(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) s_maxValue Full name: Terminal::s_maxValue Source: data.cc Used By: assignnonterminalnumbers.cc: Rules::assignNonTerminalNumbers() terminal1.cc: Terminal::Terminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type, unsigned long, Terminal::Association, std::string const&) s_nConflicts Full name: SRConflict::s_nConflicts Source: data.cc Used By: handlesrconflict.cc: SRConflict::handleSRconflict(Next::ConstIter const&, unsigned long) define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) s_nConflicts Full name: RRConflict::s_nConflicts Source: data.cc Used By: comparereductions.cc: RRConflict::compareReductions(unsigned long*, unsigned long) define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) s_nExpectedConflicts Full name: Rules::s_nExpectedConflicts Source: data.cc Used By: define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) s_nHidden Full name: Parser::s_nHidden Source: data.cc Used By: nexthiddenname.cc: Parser::nextHiddenName() s_nr Full name: Production::s_nr Source: data.cc Used By: production1.cc: Production::Production(Symbol const*, unsigned long) s_number Full name: NonTerminal::s_number Source: data.cc Used By: assignnonterminalnumbers.cc: Rules::assignNonTerminalNumbers() s_options Full name: Options::s_options Source: data.cc Used By: instance.cc: Options::instance() s_out_ Full name: ScannerBase::s_out_ Source: lex.cc Used By: checkendofrawstring.cc: Scanner::checkEndOfRawString() eoln.cc: Scanner::eoln() handlerawstring.cc: Scanner::rawString() handlexstring.cc: Scanner::handleXstring(unsigned long) returnquoted.cc: Scanner::returnQuoted(void (Scanner::*)()) returntypespec.cc: Scanner::returnTypeSpec() parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) s_polymorphic Full name: Parser::s_polymorphic Source: data.cc Used By: setpolymorphicdecl.cc: Parser::setPolymorphicDecl() s_precedence Full name: Terminal::s_precedence Source: data.cc Used By: expectrules.cc: Parser::expectRules() parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) terminal1.cc: Terminal::Terminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type, unsigned long, Terminal::Association, std::string const&) terminal2.cc: Terminal::Terminal(std::string const&, std::string const&, Symbol::Type) s_semanticValue Full name: Parser::s_semanticValue Source: data.cc Used By: dvalpolypar.cc: Parser::dvalPolyPar(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalpolyreplace.cc: Parser::dvalPolyReplace(bool, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) dvalreplace.cc: Parser::dvalReplace(bool, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) dvalunionreplace.cc: Parser::dvalUnionReplace(bool, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) installdefaultaction.cc: Parser::installDefaultAction(Production const&, std::string const&) s_semanticValueStack Full name: Parser::s_semanticValueStack Source: data.cc Used By: svselement.cc: Parser::svsElement(int, int) const s_single Full name: Parser::s_single Source: data.cc Used By: parser1.cc: Parser::Parser(Rules&) s_startProduction Full name: Production::s_startProduction Source: data.cc Used By: main.cc: main initialstate.cc: State::initialState() s_startSymbol Full name: Rules::s_startSymbol Source: data.cc Used By: augmentgrammar.cc: Rules::augmentGrammar(Symbol*) derivesentence.cc: Grammar::deriveSentence() s_state Full name: State::s_state Source: data.cc Used By: allstates.cc: State::allStates() define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) determinelasets.cc: State::determineLAsets() findkernel.cc: State::findKernel(std::vector const&) const inspecttransitions.cc: State::inspectTransitions(std::set>&) newstate.cc: State::newState() nextstate.cc: State::nextState(Next&) srtables.cc: Writer::srTables() const statesarray.cc: Writer::statesArray() const s_stateName Full name: StateType::s_stateName Source: data.cc Used By: srtable.cc: Writer::srTable(State const*, FBB::Table&, std::ostream&) s_stype Full name: Parser::s_stype Source: data.cc Used By: blkstype.cc: Parser::blkSTYPE(std::string const&, Production const&) checkfield.cc: Parser::checkField(std::string const&) svspolyreplace.cc: Parser::svsPolyReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) typeindex.cc: Parser::typeIndex(std::string const&) s_threadConst Full name: Writer::s_threadConst Source: data.cc Used By: srtable.cc: Writer::srTable(State const*, FBB::Table&, std::ostream&) statesarray.cc: Writer::statesArray() const writer0.cc: Writer::Writer(std::string const&, Rules const&) s_undefined Full name: NonTerminal::s_undefined Source: data.cc Used By: undefined.cc: NonTerminal::undefined(NonTerminal const*) showunusednonterminals.cc: Rules::showUnusedNonTerminals() const s_undefined Full name: Parser::s_undefined Source: data.cc Used By: blkerr.cc: Parser::blkErr(std::string const&, Production const&) s_union Full name: Parser::s_union Source: data.cc Used By: setuniondecl.cc: Parser::setUnionDecl() s_unused Full name: NonTerminal::s_unused Source: data.cc Used By: unused.cc: NonTerminal::unused(NonTerminal const*) showunusednonterminals.cc: Rules::showUnusedNonTerminals() const s_unused Full name: Production::s_unused Source: data.cc Used By: showunusedrules.cc: Rules::showUnusedRules() const unused.cc: Production::unused(Production const*) s_value Full name: Terminal::s_value Source: data.cc Used By: setvalue.cc: Terminal::setValue(unsigned long) terminal1.cc: Terminal::Terminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type, unsigned long, Terminal::Association, std::string const&) s_value Full name: Options::s_value Source: data.cc Used By: valueof.cc: Options::valueOf(std::string const&, Options::Value, unsigned int) s_valueSet Full name: Terminal::s_valueSet Source: data.cc Used By: setunique.cc: Terminal::setUnique(unsigned long) setvalue.cc: Terminal::setValue(unsigned long) s_yylex Full name: Options::s_yylex Source: data.cc Used By: setbasicstrings.cc: Options::setBasicStrings() s_YYText Full name: Options::s_YYText Source: data.cc Used By: setbasicstrings.cc: Options::setBasicStrings() Scanner(std::string const&) Full name: Scanner::Scanner(std::string const&) Source: scanner1.cc Used By: parser1.cc: Parser::Parser(Rules&) ScannerBase(std::string const&, std::string const&, bool) Full name: ScannerBase::ScannerBase(std::string const&, std::string const&, bool) Source: lex.cc Used By: scanner1.cc: Scanner::Scanner(std::string const&) scannerH(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::scannerH(std::ostream&) const Source: scannerh.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o scannerObject(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::scannerObject(std::ostream&) const Source: scannerobject.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o selectSymbolic(Terminal const*, std::vector&) Full name: Generator::selectSymbolic(Terminal const*, std::vector&) Source: selectsymbolic.cc Used By: tokens.cc: Generator::tokens(std::ostream&) const setAccessorVariables() Full name: Options::setAccessorVariables() Source: setaccessorvariables.cc Used By: cleanup.cc: Parser::cleanup() setAction(Block const&, bool) Full name: Rules::setAction(Block const&, bool) Source: setaction.cc Used By: installaction.cc: Parser::installAction(Block&) installdefaultaction.cc: Parser::installDefaultAction(Production const&, std::string const&) setAtPatterns() Full name: AtDollar::setAtPatterns() Source: setatpatterns.cc Used By: atdollar1.cc: AtDollar::AtDollar(unsigned long, unsigned long, std::string const&, bool) setBasicStrings() Full name: Options::setBasicStrings() Source: setbasicstrings.cc Used By: setaccessorvariables.cc: Options::setAccessorVariables() setBooleans() Full name: Options::setBooleans() Source: setbooleans.cc Used By: setaccessorvariables.cc: Options::setAccessorVariables() setConstructorChecks(std::string const&, std::string const&, unsigned long) Full name: Options::setConstructorChecks(std::string const&, std::string const&, unsigned long) Source: setconstructorchecks.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setDebug(bool) Full name: ParserBase::setDebug(bool) Source: parse.cc Used By: parser1.cc: Parser::Parser(Rules&) setDebug(bool) Full name: ScannerBase::setDebug(bool) Source: lex.cc Used By: parser1.cc: Parser::Parser(Rules&) setDefaultAction(std::string const&, std::string const&, unsigned long) Full name: Options::setDefaultAction(std::string const&, std::string const&, unsigned long) Source: setdefaultaction.cc Used By: setparsingoptions.cc: Options::setParsingOptions() expectrules.cc: Parser::expectRules() parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setDollarDollarPatterns() Full name: AtDollar::setDollarDollarPatterns() Source: setdollardollarpatterns.cc Used By: setdollarpatterns.cc: AtDollar::setDollarPatterns() setDollarPatterns() Full name: AtDollar::setDollarPatterns() Source: setdollarpatterns.cc Used By: atdollar1.cc: AtDollar::AtDollar(unsigned long, unsigned long, std::string const&, bool) setFirst(NonTerminal*) Full name: NonTerminal::setFirst(NonTerminal*) Source: setfirst.cc Used By: determinefirst.cc: Rules::determineFirst() setHiddenAction(Block const&) Full name: Rules::setHiddenAction(Block const&) Source: sethiddenaction.cc Used By: nestedblock.cc: Parser::nestedBlock(Block&) setIdx(RRData::Keep, unsigned long, unsigned long) Full name: RRData::setIdx(RRData::Keep, unsigned long, unsigned long) Source: setidx.cc Used By: comparereductions.cc: RRConflict::compareReductions(unsigned long*, unsigned long) setItems() Full name: State::setItems() Source: setitems.cc Used By: construct.cc: State::construct() setLineNrs() const Full name: Scanner::setLineNrs() const Source: setlinenrs.cc Used By: eoln.cc: Scanner::eoln() handlexstring.cc: Scanner::handleXstring(unsigned long) lex.cc: Scanner::executeAction_(unsigned long) settags.cc: Scanner::setTags() const setLocationDecl(std::string const&) Full name: Options::setLocationDecl(std::string const&) Source: setlocationdecl.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setLtype() Full name: Options::setLtype() Source: setltype.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setNonTerminalTypes() Full name: Rules::setNonTerminalTypes() Source: setnonterminaltypes.cc Used By: expectrules.cc: Parser::expectRules() setNumberPatterns() Full name: AtDollar::setNumberPatterns() Source: setnumberpatterns.cc Used By: setdollarpatterns.cc: AtDollar::setDollarPatterns() setOpt(std::string*, char const*, std::string const&) Full name: Options::setOpt(std::string*, char const*, std::string const&) Source: setopt.cc Used By: setbasicstrings.cc: Options::setBasicStrings() setParsingOptions() Full name: Options::setParsingOptions() Source: setparsingoptions.cc Used By: expectrules.cc: Parser::expectRules() setPath(std::string*, int, std::string const&, char const*, char const*) Full name: Options::setPath(std::string*, int, std::string const&, char const*, char const*) Source: setpath2.cc Used By: setpathstrings.cc: Options::setPathStrings() setPathStrings() Full name: Options::setPathStrings() Source: setpathstrings.cc Used By: setaccessorvariables.cc: Options::setAccessorVariables() setPolymorphicDecl() Full name: Parser::setPolymorphicDecl() Source: setpolymorphicdecl.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setPolymorphicDecl() Full name: Options::setPolymorphicDecl() Source: setpolymorphicdecl.cc Used By: setpolymorphicdecl.cc: Parser::setPolymorphicDecl() setPrecedence(Terminal const*) Full name: Rules::setPrecedence(Terminal const*) Source: setprecedence.cc Used By: setprecedence.cc: Parser::setPrecedence(unsigned long) setPrecedence(Terminal const*) Full name: Production::setPrecedence(Terminal const*) Source: setprecedence.cc Used By: setprecedence.cc: Rules::setPrecedence(Terminal const*) updateprecedence.cc: Rules::updatePrecedence(Production*) setPrecedence(unsigned long) Full name: Parser::setPrecedence(unsigned long) Source: setprecedence.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setPrintTokens() Full name: Options::setPrintTokens() Source: setprinttokens.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setQuotedStrings() Full name: Options::setQuotedStrings() Source: setquotedstrings.cc Used By: setaccessorvariables.cc: Options::setAccessorVariables() setRefPatterns() Full name: AtDollar::setRefPatterns() Source: setrefpatterns.cc Used By: atdollar1.cc: AtDollar::AtDollar(unsigned long, unsigned long, std::string const&, bool) setRequiredTokens(unsigned long) Full name: Options::setRequiredTokens(unsigned long) Source: setrequiredtokens.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setSkeletons() Full name: Options::setSkeletons() Source: setskeletons.cc Used By: setaccessorvariables.cc: Options::setAccessorVariables() setStackExpansion(unsigned long) Full name: Options::setStackExpansion(unsigned long) Source: setstackexpansion.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setStart() Full name: Parser::setStart() Source: setstart.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setStype() Full name: Options::setStype() Source: setstype.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setTagMismatches(std::string const&, std::string const&, unsigned long) Full name: Options::setTagMismatches(std::string const&, std::string const&, unsigned long) Source: settagmismatches.cc Used By: setparsingoptions.cc: Options::setParsingOptions() parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setTagNr(unsigned long) Full name: AtDollar::setTagNr(unsigned long) Source: settagnr.cc Used By: settagpatterns.cc: AtDollar::setTagPatterns() setTagPatterns() Full name: AtDollar::setTagPatterns() Source: settagpatterns.cc Used By: setdollarpatterns.cc: AtDollar::setDollarPatterns() setTags() const Full name: Scanner::setTags() const Source: settags.cc Used By: handlexstring.cc: Scanner::handleXstring(unsigned long) popstream.cc: Scanner::popStream() scanner1.cc: Scanner::Scanner(std::string const&) setUnionDecl() Full name: Parser::setUnionDecl() Source: setuniondecl.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) setUnionDecl(std::string const&) Full name: Options::setUnionDecl(std::string const&) Source: setuniondecl.cc Used By: setuniondecl.cc: Parser::setUnionDecl() setUnique(unsigned long) Full name: Terminal::setUnique(unsigned long) Source: setunique.cc Used By: setvalue.cc: Terminal::setValue(unsigned long) setValue(unsigned long) Full name: Terminal::setValue(unsigned long) Source: setvalue.cc Used By: definetokenname.cc: Parser::defineTokenName(std::string const&, bool) setVerbosity() Full name: Options::setVerbosity() Source: setverbosity.cc Used By: cleanup.cc: Parser::cleanup() showConflicts(Rules const&) const Full name: SRConflict::showConflicts(Rules const&) const Source: showconflicts.cc Used By: define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) showConflicts(Rules const&) const Full name: RRConflict::showConflicts(Rules const&) const Source: showconflicts.cc Used By: define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) showFilenames() const Full name: Options::showFilenames() const Source: showfilenames.cc Used By: cleanup.cc: Parser::cleanup() showFirst() const Full name: Rules::showFirst() const Source: showfirst.cc Used By: main.cc: main showRules() const Full name: Rules::showRules() const Source: showrules.cc Used By: main.cc: main showTerminals() const Full name: Rules::showTerminals() const Source: showterminals.cc Used By: main.cc: main showUnusedNonTerminals() const Full name: Rules::showUnusedNonTerminals() const Source: showunusednonterminals.cc Used By: main.cc: main showUnusedRules() const Full name: Rules::showUnusedRules() const Source: showunusedrules.cc Used By: main.cc: main showUnusedTerminals() const Full name: Rules::showUnusedTerminals() const Source: showunusedterminals.cc Used By: main.cc: main solveByAssociation() const Full name: Next::solveByAssociation() const Source: solvebyassociation.cc Used By: handlesrconflict.cc: SRConflict::handleSRconflict(Next::ConstIter const&, unsigned long) solveByPrecedence(Symbol const*) const Full name: Next::solveByPrecedence(Symbol const*) const Source: solvebyprecedence.cc Used By: handlesrconflict.cc: SRConflict::handleSRconflict(Next::ConstIter const&, unsigned long) SRConflict(std::vector const&, std::vector const&, std::vector const&) Full name: SRConflict::SRConflict(std::vector const&, std::vector const&, std::vector const&) Source: srconflict1.cc Used By: state1.cc: State::State(unsigned long) srTable(State const*, FBB::Table&, std::ostream&) Full name: Writer::srTable(State const*, FBB::Table&, std::ostream&) Source: srtable.cc Used By: srtables.cc: Writer::srTables() const srTables() const Full name: Writer::srTables() const Source: srtables.cc Used By: staticdata.cc: Generator::staticData(std::ostream&) const stackElement() const Full name: AtDollar::stackElement() const Source: stackelement.cc Used By: errindextoolarge.cc: Parser::errIndexTooLarge(AtDollar const&, int) const standard(std::ostream&) const Full name: Production::standard(std::ostream&) const Source: standard.cc Used By: showrules.cc: Rules::showRules() const productioninfo.cc: Writer::productionInfo(Production const*, std::ostream&) blkassignw.cc: Parser::blkAssignW(std::string const&, Production const&) blkdirectw.cc: Parser::blkDirectW(std::string const&, Production const&) blkerr.cc: Parser::blkErr(std::string const&, Production const&) blknopw.cc: Parser::blkNopW(std::string const&, Production const&) blkstypew.cc: Parser::blkSTYPEW(std::string const&, Production const&) errindextoolarge.cc: Parser::errIndexTooLarge(AtDollar const&, int) const stdemsg.cc: Parser::stdEmsg(AtDollar const&) const stdwmsg.cc: Parser::stdWmsg(AtDollar const&) const warndefaultaction.cc: Parser::warnDefaultAction(Production const&) warnmissingsemval.cc: Parser::warnMissingSemval() const unused.cc: Production::unused(Production const*) State(unsigned long) Full name: State::State(unsigned long) Source: state1.cc Used By: newstate.cc: State::newState() StateItem(Item const&) Full name: StateItem::StateItem(Item const&) Source: stateitem2.cc Used By: addproductions.cc: State::addProductions(Symbol const*) addstate.cc: State::addState(std::vector const&) initialstate.cc: State::initialState() statesArray() const Full name: Writer::statesArray() const Source: statesarray.cc Used By: staticdata.cc: Generator::staticData(std::ostream&) const staticData(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::staticData(std::ostream&) const Source: staticdata.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o stdEmsg(AtDollar const&) const Full name: Parser::stdEmsg(AtDollar const&) const Source: stdemsg.cc Used By: errnotag.cc: Parser::errNoTag(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) errnounionptr.cc: Parser::errNoUnionPtr(AtDollar const&) existingtag.cc: Parser::existingTag(AtDollar const&) const stdWmsg(AtDollar const&) const Full name: Parser::stdWmsg(AtDollar const&) const Source: stdwmsg.cc Used By: warnautotag.cc: Parser::warnAutoTag(bool, AtDollar const&) const warnnegativedollarindices.cc: Parser::warnNegativeDollarIndices(AtDollar const&) const storeFilename(std::string const&) Full name: Production::storeFilename(std::string const&) Source: storeFilename.cc Used By: newrule.cc: Rules::newRule(NonTerminal*, std::string const&, unsigned long) stype(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::stype(std::ostream&) const Source: stype.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o sType(unsigned long) const Full name: Rules::sType(unsigned long) const Source: stype.cc Used By: svspolyreplace.cc: Parser::svsPolyReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) svsunionreplace.cc: Parser::svsUnionReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) warnautotag.cc: Parser::warnAutoTag(bool, AtDollar const&) const substituteBlock(int, Block&) Full name: Parser::substituteBlock(int, Block&) Source: substituteblock.cc Used By: installaction.cc: Parser::installAction(Block&) nestedblock.cc: Parser::nestedBlock(Block&) summarizeActions() Full name: State::summarizeActions() Source: summarizeactions.cc Used By: define.cc: State::define(Rules const&) svs(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svs(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svs.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsElement(int, int) const Full name: Parser::svsElement(int, int) const Source: svselement.cc Used By: blkassign.cc: Parser::blkAssign(std::string const&, Production const&) blkdirect.cc: Parser::blkDirect(std::string const&, Production const&) checkfirsttype.cc: Parser::checkFirstType() svspolyreplace.cc: Parser::svsPolyReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) svspolytagreplace.cc: Parser::svsPolyTagReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) svsreplace.cc: Parser::svsReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) svsunionreplace.cc: Parser::svsUnionReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) svsuniontagreplace.cc: Parser::svsUnionTagReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) svsMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svsmem.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsPoly(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsPoly(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svspoly.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsPolyMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsPolyMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svspolymem.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsPolyPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsPolyPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svspolyptr.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsPolyReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Full name: Parser::svsPolyReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Source: svspolyreplace.cc Used By: svspoly.cc: Parser::svsPoly(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svspolymem.cc: Parser::svsPolyMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svspolyptr.cc: Parser::svsPolyPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svsPolyTag(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsPolyTag(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svspolytag.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsPolyTagMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsPolyTagMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svspolytagmem.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsPolyTagPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsPolyTagPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svspolytagptr.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsPolyTagReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Full name: Parser::svsPolyTagReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Source: svspolytagreplace.cc Used By: svspolytag.cc: Parser::svsPolyTag(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svspolytagmem.cc: Parser::svsPolyTagMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svspolytagptr.cc: Parser::svsPolyTagPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svsPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svsptr.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsRefUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsRefUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svsrefunion.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Full name: Parser::svsReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Source: svsreplace.cc Used By: svs.cc: Parser::svs(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svsmem.cc: Parser::svsMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svsptr.cc: Parser::svsPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svsrefunion.cc: Parser::svsRefUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svsUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svsunion.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsUnionMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsUnionMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svsunionmem.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsUnionPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsUnionPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svsunionptr.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsUnionReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Full name: Parser::svsUnionReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Source: svsunionreplace.cc Used By: svsrefunion.cc: Parser::svsRefUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svsunion.cc: Parser::svsUnion(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svsunionmem.cc: Parser::svsUnionMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svsunionptr.cc: Parser::svsUnionPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svsUnionTag(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsUnionTag(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svsuniontag.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsUnionTagMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsUnionTagMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svsuniontagmem.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsUnionTagPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Full name: Parser::svsUnionTagPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Source: svsuniontagptr.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 2data.o svsUnionTagReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Full name: Parser::svsUnionTagReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) Source: svsuniontagreplace.cc Used By: svsuniontag.cc: Parser::svsUnionTag(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svsuniontagmem.cc: Parser::svsUnionTagMem(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) svsuniontagptr.cc: Parser::svsUnionTagPtr(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) Symbol(std::string const&, Symbol::Type, std::string const&) Full name: Symbol::Symbol(std::string const&, Symbol::Type, std::string const&) Source: symbol1.cc Used By: nonterminal1.cc: NonTerminal::NonTerminal(std::string const&, std::string const&, Symbol::Type) terminal1.cc: Terminal::Terminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type, unsigned long, Terminal::Association, std::string const&) terminal2.cc: Terminal::Terminal(std::string const&, std::string const&, Symbol::Type) symbolicNames() const Full name: Writer::symbolicNames() const Source: symbolicnames.cc Used By: staticdata.cc: Generator::staticData(std::ostream&) const t_nErrors Full name: Meta_::t_nErrors Source: parse.cc Used By: handleproductionelement.cc: GLOBALS handleproductionelement.cc 2handleproductionelement.o handleproductionelements.cc: GLOBALS handleproductionelements.cc 2handleproductionelements.o Terminal(std::string const&, std::string const&, Symbol::Type) Full name: Terminal::Terminal(std::string const&, std::string const&, Symbol::Type) Source: terminal2.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 12data.o Terminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type, unsigned long, Terminal::Association, std::string const&) Full name: Terminal::Terminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type, unsigned long, Terminal::Association, std::string const&) Source: terminal1.cc Used By: defineterminal.cc: Parser::defineTerminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type) useterminal.cc: Parser::useTerminal() terminalSymbol(Terminal const*, std::ostream&) Full name: Writer::terminalSymbol(Terminal const*, std::ostream&) Source: terminalsymbol.cc Used By: symbolicnames.cc: Writer::symbolicNames() const termToNonterm(Symbol*, Symbol*) Full name: Rules::termToNonterm(Symbol*, Symbol*) Source: termtononterm.cc Used By: requirenonterminal.cc: Parser::requireNonTerminal(std::string const&) tokenPath() const Full name: Generator::tokenPath() const Source: tokenpath.cc Used By: tokens.cc: Generator::tokens(std::ostream&) const tokens(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::tokens(std::ostream&) const Source: tokens.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o transition(Next const&, FBB::Table&) Full name: Writer::transition(Next const&, FBB::Table&) Source: transition.cc Used By: transitions.cc: Writer::transitions(FBB::Table&, std::vector const&) transition(std::ostream&) const Full name: Next::transition(std::ostream&) const Source: transition.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 23data.o transitionKernel(std::ostream&) const Full name: Next::transitionKernel(std::ostream&) const Source: transitionkernel.cc Used By: insertext.cc: State::insertExt(std::ostream&) const transitions(FBB::Table&, std::vector const&) Full name: Writer::transitions(FBB::Table&, std::vector const&) Source: transitions.cc Used By: srtable.cc: Writer::srTable(State const*, FBB::Table&, std::ostream&) typeIndex(std::string const&) Full name: Parser::typeIndex(std::string const&) Source: typeindex.cc Used By: defaultpolymorphicaction.cc: Parser::defaultPolymorphicAction(Production const&) undefined(NonTerminal const*) Full name: NonTerminal::undefined(NonTerminal const*) Source: undefined.cc Used By: showunusednonterminals.cc: Rules::showUnusedNonTerminals() const undefparser(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::undefparser(std::ostream&) const Source: undefparser.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o undelimit(std::string const&) Full name: Options::undelimit(std::string const&) Source: undelimit.cc Used By: handlexstring.cc: Scanner::handleXstring(unsigned long) cleandir.cc: Options::cleanDir(std::string&, bool) setopt.cc: Options::setOpt(std::string*, char const*, std::string const&) definepathname.cc: Parser::definePathname(std::string*) unused(NonTerminal const*) Full name: NonTerminal::unused(NonTerminal const*) Source: unused.cc Used By: showunusednonterminals.cc: Rules::showUnusedNonTerminals() const unused(Production const*) Full name: Production::unused(Production const*) Source: unused.cc Used By: showunusedrules.cc: Rules::showUnusedRules() const unused(Terminal const*) Full name: Terminal::unused(Terminal const*) Source: unused.cc Used By: showunusedterminals.cc: Rules::showUnusedTerminals() const updateDefaultActionLineNr() Full name: Parser::updateDefaultActionLineNr() Source: updatedefaultactionlinenr.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) updateDefaultActionLineNr(unsigned long) Full name: Rules::updateDefaultActionLineNr(unsigned long) Source: updatedefaultactionlinenr.cc Used By: addproduction.cc: Rules::addProduction(unsigned long) updatedefaultactionlinenr.cc: Parser::updateDefaultActionLineNr() updatePrecedence(Production*) Full name: Rules::updatePrecedence(Production*) Source: updateprecedence.cc Used By: updateprecedences.cc: Rules::updatePrecedences() updatePrecedences() Full name: Rules::updatePrecedences() Source: updateprecedences.cc Used By: main.cc: main usage(std::string const&) Full name: usage(std::string const&) Source: usage.cc Used By: main.cc: main useSymbol() Full name: Parser::useSymbol() Source: usesymbol.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) useTerminal() Full name: Parser::useTerminal() Source: useterminal.cc Used By: parse.cc: Parser::executeAction_(int) v_firstSet() const Full name: NonTerminal::v_firstSet() const Source: v.cc Used By: destructor.cc: NonTerminal::~NonTerminal() v_value() const Full name: NonTerminal::v_value() const Source: v.cc Used By: destructor.cc: NonTerminal::~NonTerminal() valueOf(std::string const&, Options::Value, unsigned int) Full name: Options::valueOf(std::string const&, Options::Value, unsigned int) Source: valueof.cc Used By: setconstructorchecks.cc: Options::setConstructorChecks(std::string const&, std::string const&, unsigned long) setdefaultaction.cc: Options::setDefaultAction(std::string const&, std::string const&, unsigned long) settagmismatches.cc: Options::setTagMismatches(std::string const&, std::string const&, unsigned long) valueQuotedName(std::ostream&) const Full name: Terminal::valueQuotedName(std::ostream&) const Source: valuequotedname.cc Used By: showterminals.cc: Rules::showTerminals() const showunusedterminals.cc: Rules::showUnusedTerminals() const vectorIdx(unsigned long) const Full name: Production::vectorIdx(unsigned long) const Source: vectoridx.cc Used By: stype.cc: Rules::sType(unsigned long) const beyonddotisnonterminal.cc: Item::beyondDotIsNonTerminal() const firstbeyonddot.cc: Item::firstBeyondDot(FirstSet*) const hasrightofdot.cc: Item::hasRightOfDot(Symbol const&) const notreducible.cc: State::notReducible(unsigned long) blkassign.cc: Parser::blkAssign(std::string const&, Production const&) blkcheck.cc: Parser::blkCheck(std::string const&, Production const&) blkcheckw.cc: Parser::blkCheckW(std::string const&, Production const&) blkerr.cc: Parser::blkErr(std::string const&, Production const&) defaultpolymorphicaction.cc: Parser::defaultPolymorphicAction(Production const&) version Full name: version Source: version.cc Used By: main.cc: main usage.cc: usage(std::string const&) filter.cc: Generator::filter(std::istream&, std::ostream&, bool) const visitReduction(unsigned long) Full name: SRConflict::visitReduction(unsigned long) Source: visitreduction.cc Used By: inspect.cc: SRConflict::inspect() visitReduction(unsigned long) Full name: RRConflict::visitReduction(unsigned long) Source: visitreduction.cc Used By: inspect.cc: RRConflict::inspect() warnAutoTag(bool, AtDollar const&) const Full name: Parser::warnAutoTag(bool, AtDollar const&) const Source: warnautotag.cc Used By: dvalpolypar.cc: Parser::dvalPolyPar(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) dvalpolyreplace.cc: Parser::dvalPolyReplace(bool, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) dvalreplace.cc: Parser::dvalReplace(bool, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) dvalunionreplace.cc: Parser::dvalUnionReplace(bool, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) warnForceLSP(unsigned long) const Full name: Parser::warnForceLSP(unsigned long) const Source: warnforcelsp.cc Used By: loc.cc: Parser::loc(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) locel.cc: Parser::locEl(int, Block&, AtDollar const&) warnMissingSemval() const Full name: Parser::warnMissingSemval() const Source: warnmissingsemval.cc Used By: substituteblock.cc: Parser::substituteBlock(int, Block&) warnNegativeDollarIndices(AtDollar const&) const Full name: Parser::warnNegativeDollarIndices(AtDollar const&) const Source: warnnegativedollarindices.cc Used By: svsreplace.cc: Parser::svsReplace(int, Block&, AtDollar const&, char const*) warnTagMismatches(std::ostream&) const Full name: Generator::warnTagMismatches(std::ostream&) const Source: warntagmismatches.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 28data.o Writer(std::string const&, Rules const&) Full name: Writer::Writer(std::string const&, Rules const&) Source: writer0.cc Used By: generator1.cc: Generator::Generator(Rules const&, std::unordered_map&&) year Full name: year Source: version.cc Used By: usage.cc: usage(std::string const&) ~Base() Full name: Meta_::Base::~Base() Source: parse.cc Used By: handleproductionelement.cc: GLOBALS handleproductionelement.cc 2handleproductionelement.o handleproductionelements.cc: GLOBALS handleproductionelements.cc 2handleproductionelements.o setprecedence.cc: GLOBALS setprecedence.cc 2setprecedence.o ~Element() Full name: Element::~Element() Source: destructor.cc Used By: destructor.cc: Symbol::~Symbol() symbol1.cc: Symbol::Symbol(std::string const&, Symbol::Type, std::string const&) ~Symbol() Full name: Symbol::~Symbol() Source: destructor.cc Used By: destructor.cc: NonTerminal::~NonTerminal() destructor.cc: Terminal::~Terminal() terminal1.cc: Terminal::Terminal(std::string const&, Symbol::Type, unsigned long, Terminal::Association, std::string const&) terminal2.cc: Terminal::Terminal(std::string const&, std::string const&, Symbol::Type) ~Terminal() Full name: Terminal::~Terminal() Source: destructor.cc Used By: data.cc: GLOBALS data.cc 12data.o ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CALL TREE FOR: main main +-usage(std::string const&) | +-version | +-year +-version +-Parser::Parser(Rules&) | +-Rules::s_errorTerminal | +-Rules::s_eofTerminal | +-ScannerBase::setDebug(bool) | +-Scanner::Scanner(std::string const&) | | +-Scanner::setTags() const | | | +-Scanner::setLineNrs() const | | +-ScannerBase::ScannerBase(std::string const&, std::string const&, bool) | +-Options::instance() | | +-Options::s_options | | +-Options::Options() | +-Parser::s_single | +-ParserBase::setDebug(bool) | +-ParserBase::ParserBase() | +-Parser::predefine(Terminal const*) | +-Rules::insert(Terminal*, std::string const&) +-Parser::parse() +-Parser::cleanup() | +-Symtab::lookup(std::string const&) | +-Rules::augmentGrammar(Symbol*) | | +-NonTerminal::NonTerminal(std::string const&, std::string const&, Symbol::Type) | | | +-Symbol::Symbol(std::string const&, Symbol::Type, std::string const&) | | | +-Element::~Element() | | +-Rules::addElement(Symbol*) | | +-Rules::addProduction(unsigned long) | | | +-Rules::updateDefaultActionLineNr(unsigned long) | | | +-Rules::s_lastLineNr | | | +-Production::Production(Symbol const*, unsigned long) | | | +-Production::s_fileName | | | +-Production::s_nr | | +-Rules::insert(NonTerminal*) | | +-Rules::newRule(NonTerminal*, std::string const&, unsigned long) | | | +-Rules::s_lastLineNr | | | +-Production::storeFilename(std::string const&) | | | +-Production::s_fileName | | +-Rules::s_startSymbol | | +-Rules::s_acceptProductionNr | +-Options::setAccessorVariables() | | +-Global::plainWarnings() | | +-Options::s_defaultStackExpansion | | +-Options::setBooleans() | | +-Options::setBasicStrings() | | | +-Options::cleanDir(std::string&, bool) | | | | +-Options::undelimit(std::string const&) | | | +-Options::s_yylex | | | +-Options::s_defaultScannerTokenFunction | | | +-Options::s_YYText | | | +-Options::s_defaultScannerMatchedTextFunction | | | +-Options::s_defaultScannerClassName | | | +-Options::s_defaultSkeletonDirectory | | | +-Options::s_defaultClassName | | | +-Options::setOpt(std::string*, char const*, std::string const&) | | | +-Options::undelimit(std::string const&) | | +-Options::setPathStrings() | | | +-Options::s_defaultParsefunSource | | | +-Options::setPath(std::string*, int, std::string const&, char const*, char const*) | | +-Options::setQuotedStrings() | | | +-Options::addIncludeQuotes(std::string&) | | | +-Options::s_defaultTokenClass | | +-Options::setSkeletons() | | +-Options::s_defaultPolymorphicSkeleton | | +-Options::s_defaultPolymorphicCodeSkeleton | | +-Options::s_defaultParsefunSkeleton | | +-Options::s_defaultImplementationSkeleton | | +-Options::s_defaultClassSkeleton | | +-Options::s_defaultBaseClassSkeleton | +-Options::setVerbosity() | +-Options::showFilenames() const +-Rules::updatePrecedences() | +-Rules::updatePrecedence(Production*) | +-Production::setPrecedence(Terminal const*) +-Rules::showRules() const | +-Production::standard(std::ostream&) const +-Rules::showTerminals() const | +-Terminal::valueQuotedName(std::ostream&) const +-Rules::determineFirst() | +-NonTerminal::s_counter | +-NonTerminal::setFirst(NonTerminal*) | +-NonTerminal::s_counter | +-FirstSet::operator+=(FirstSet const&) | +-FirstSet::operator+=(std::set> const&) +-Rules::showFirst() const | +-NonTerminal::s_insertPtr | +-Terminal::s_insertPtr +-Production::s_startProduction +-State::define(Rules const&) | +-Rules::s_nExpectedConflicts | +-RRConflict::s_nConflicts | +-RRConflict::showConflicts(Rules const&) const | | +-Production::s_fileName | +-SRConflict::s_nConflicts | +-SRConflict::showConflicts(Rules const&) const | | +-Production::s_fileName | +-State::insertExt(std::ostream&) const | | +-NonTerminal::s_insertPtr | | +-Terminal::s_insertPtr | | +-Item::s_insertPtr | | +-Item::pNrDotItem(std::ostream&) const | | | +-Item::insert(std::ostream&, Production const*) const | | | +-NonTerminal::s_insertPtr | | +-StateItem::s_insertPtr | | +-StateItem::itemContext(std::ostream&) const | | | +-operator<<(std::ostream&, LookaheadSet const&) | | | | +-LookaheadSet::insert(std::ostream&) const | | | +-Item::s_insertPtr | | +-RRConflict::insert(std::ostream&) const | | | +-operator<<(std::ostream&, LookaheadSet const&) | | | +-LookaheadSet::insert(std::ostream&) const | | +-Next::s_insertPtr | | +-Next::transitionKernel(std::ostream&) const | | | +-NonTerminal::s_insertPtr | | | +-Next::checkRemoved(std::ostream&) const | | +-SRConflict::insert(std::ostream&) const | +-State::s_insert | +-State::s_state | +-State::checkConflicts() | | +-RRConflict::inspect() | | | +-RRConflict::visitReduction(unsigned long) | | | +-RRConflict::compareReductions(unsigned long*, unsigned long) | | | +-LookaheadSet::intersection(LookaheadSet const&) const | | | +-RRData::RRData(LookaheadSet) | | | | +-LookaheadSet::LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet const&) | | | +-RRData::setIdx(RRData::Keep, unsigned long, unsigned long) | | | +-Terminal::comparePrecedence(Symbol const*, Symbol const*) | | | +-RRConflict::s_nConflicts | | +-RRConflict::removeConflicts(std::vector&) | | | +-LookaheadSet::operator-=(LookaheadSet const&) | | +-SRConflict::inspect() | | | +-SRConflict::visitReduction(unsigned long) | | | +-LookaheadSet::LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet const&) | | | +-SRConflict::processShiftReduceConflict(Next::ConstIter const&, unsigned long) | | | +-SRConflict::handleSRconflict(Next::ConstIter const&, unsigned long) | | | +-RmReduction::RmReduction(unsigned long, unsigned long, Symbol const*, bool) | | | +-RmShift::RmShift(unsigned long, bool) | | | +-Next::solveByAssociation() const | | | +-Next::solveByPrecedence(Symbol const*) const | | | | +-Terminal::comparePrecedence(Symbol const*, Symbol const*) | | | +-SRConflict::s_nConflicts | | +-SRConflict::removeReductions(std::vector&) | | | +-LookaheadSet::operator-=(Symbol const*) | | | +-Rules::s_eofTerminal | | +-SRConflict::removeShifts(std::vector&) | | +-Next::removeShift(RmShift const&, std::vector&, unsigned long*) | +-State::construct() | | +-State::setItems() | | | +-State::notReducible(unsigned long) | | | +-Rules::s_errorTerminal | | | +-Production::vectorIdx(unsigned long) const | | | +-Next::addToKernel(std::vector&, Symbol const*, unsigned long) | | | +-State::addNext(Symbol const*, unsigned long) | | | | +-Next::Next(Symbol const*, unsigned long) | | | | +-State::addProductions(Symbol const*) | | | | +-Item::Item(Production const*) | | | | +-StateItem::StateItem(Item const&) | | | | +-LookaheadSet::LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet::EndStatus) | | | +-State::nextFind(Symbol const*) const | | +-State::nextState(Next&) | | +-Next::buildKernel(std::vector*, std::vector const&) | | | +-Item::Item(Item const*, unsigned long) | | +-State::addState(std::vector const&) | | | +-StateItem::StateItem(Item const&) | | | | +-LookaheadSet::LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet::EndStatus) | | | +-State::addKernelItem(StateItem const&) | | | +-State::newState() | | | +-State::s_state | | | +-State::State(unsigned long) | | | +-RRConflict::RRConflict(std::vector const&, std::vector const&) | | | +-SRConflict::SRConflict(std::vector const&, std::vector const&, std::vector const&) | | +-State::s_state | | +-State::findKernel(std::vector const&) const | | +-State::s_state | | +-State::hasKernel(std::vector const&) const | | +-StateItem::containsKernelItem(Item const&, unsigned long, std::vector const&) | | +-Item::operator==(Item const&) const | +-State::s_acceptState | +-State::initialState() | | +-Production::s_startProduction | | +-LookaheadSet::LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet::EndStatus) | | +-Item::Item(Production const*) | | +-StateItem::StateItem(Item const&) | | | +-LookaheadSet::LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet::EndStatus) | | +-State::addKernelItem(StateItem const&) | | +-State::newState() | | +-State::s_state | | +-State::State(unsigned long) | | +-RRConflict::RRConflict(std::vector const&, std::vector const&) | | +-SRConflict::SRConflict(std::vector const&, std::vector const&, std::vector const&) | +-State::determineLAsets() | | +-State::s_state | | +-State::computeLAsets() | | | +-State::distributeLAsetOf(StateItem&) | | | +-LookaheadSet::LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet::EndStatus) | | | +-LookaheadSet::operator+=(LookaheadSet const&) | | | | +-FirstSet::operator+=(FirstSet const&) | | | | +-FirstSet::operator+=(std::set> const&) | | | +-Item::beyondDotIsNonTerminal() const | | | | +-Production::vectorIdx(unsigned long) const | | | +-Item::firstBeyondDot(FirstSet*) const | | | | +-FirstSet::operator+=(FirstSet const&) | | | | | +-FirstSet::operator+=(std::set> const&) | | | | +-Production::vectorIdx(unsigned long) const | | | +-StateItem::enlargeLA(LookaheadSet const&) | | | +-LookaheadSet::operator>=(LookaheadSet const&) const | | | +-LookaheadSet::operator+=(LookaheadSet const&) | | | +-FirstSet::operator+=(FirstSet const&) | | | +-FirstSet::operator+=(std::set> const&) | | +-State::inspectTransitions(std::set>&) | | +-StateItem::enlargeLA(LookaheadSet const&) | | | +-LookaheadSet::operator>=(LookaheadSet const&) const | | | +-LookaheadSet::operator+=(LookaheadSet const&) | | | +-FirstSet::operator+=(FirstSet const&) | | | +-FirstSet::operator+=(std::set> const&) | | +-State::s_state | +-State::summarizeActions() | +-State::insertStd(std::ostream&) const | +-StateItem::s_insertPtr | +-RRConflict::insert(std::ostream&) const | | +-operator<<(std::ostream&, LookaheadSet const&) | | +-LookaheadSet::insert(std::ostream&) const | +-Next::s_insertPtr | +-SRConflict::insert(std::ostream&) const +-Rules::assignNonTerminalNumbers() | +-NonTerminal::s_number | +-Terminal::s_maxValue +-Rules::showUnusedTerminals() const | +-Terminal::s_insertPtr | +-Terminal::valueQuotedName(std::ostream&) const | +-Terminal::unused(Terminal const*) +-Rules::showUnusedNonTerminals() const | +-NonTerminal::s_undefined | +-NonTerminal::s_unused | +-NonTerminal::undefined(NonTerminal const*) | | +-NonTerminal::s_undefined | +-NonTerminal::unused(NonTerminal const*) | +-NonTerminal::s_unused +-Rules::showUnusedRules() const | +-Terminal::s_insertPtr | +-Production::unused(Production const*) | | +-Production::standard(std::ostream&) const | | +-Production::s_unused | +-Production::s_unused +-State::allStates() | +-State::insertExt(std::ostream&) const | | +-NonTerminal::s_insertPtr | | +-Terminal::s_insertPtr | | +-Item::s_insertPtr | | +-Item::pNrDotItem(std::ostream&) const | | | +-Item::insert(std::ostream&, Production const*) const | | | +-NonTerminal::s_insertPtr | | +-StateItem::s_insertPtr | | +-StateItem::itemContext(std::ostream&) const | | | +-operator<<(std::ostream&, LookaheadSet const&) | | | | +-LookaheadSet::insert(std::ostream&) const | | | +-Item::s_insertPtr | | +-RRConflict::insert(std::ostream&) const | | | +-operator<<(std::ostream&, LookaheadSet const&) | | | +-LookaheadSet::insert(std::ostream&) const | | +-Next::s_insertPtr | | +-Next::transitionKernel(std::ostream&) const | | | +-NonTerminal::s_insertPtr | | | +-Next::checkRemoved(std::ostream&) const | | +-SRConflict::insert(std::ostream&) const | +-State::s_insert | +-State::s_state +-Grammar::deriveSentence() | +-Rules::s_startSymbol | +-Grammar::derivable(Symbol const*) | +-Grammar::becomesDerivable(Production const*) | | +-Grammar::derivable(Symbol const*) ==> 2 | +-Grammar::isDerivable(Production const*) +-Parser::releasePolymorphic() +-Generator::Generator(Rules const&, std::unordered_map&&) | +-Writer::Writer(std::string const&, Rules const&) | | +-Writer::s_threadConst | +-Options::instance() | +-Options::s_options | +-Options::Options() +-Generator::conflicts() const | +-Options::baseclassHeaderName() const | +-Generator::errExisting(std::string const&, std::string const&, std::string const&) const | | +-Generator::grep(std::string const&, std::string const&) const | +-Generator::replace(std::string&, char, std::string const&) +-Generator::baseClassHeader() const | +-Generator::filter(std::istream&, std::ostream&, bool) const | +-version | +-Terminal::s_insertPtr | +-Generator::replaceBaseFlag(std::string&) const | | +-Generator::s_at | | +-Generator::s_atFlag | +-Generator::insert(std::ostream&) const | +-Generator::s_insert +-Generator::classHeader() const | +-Generator::filter(std::istream&, std::ostream&, bool) const | +-version | +-Terminal::s_insertPtr | +-Generator::replaceBaseFlag(std::string&) const | | +-Generator::s_at | | +-Generator::s_atFlag | +-Generator::insert(std::ostream&) const | +-Generator::s_insert +-Generator::implementationHeader() const | +-Generator::filter(std::istream&, std::ostream&, bool) const | +-version | +-Terminal::s_insertPtr | +-Generator::replaceBaseFlag(std::string&) const | | +-Generator::s_at | | +-Generator::s_atFlag | +-Generator::insert(std::ostream&) const | +-Generator::s_insert +-Generator::parseFunction() const +-Generator::filter(std::istream&, std::ostream&, bool) const +-version +-Terminal::s_insertPtr +-Generator::replaceBaseFlag(std::string&) const | +-Generator::s_at | +-Generator::s_atFlag +-Generator::insert(std::ostream&) const +-Generator::s_insert bisonc++-6.09.01/block/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012013354 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/block/block.f0000664000175000017500000000132014700504612014606 0ustar frankfrankinline bool Block::assignment() const { return d_assignment; } inline void Block::operator+=(std::string const &text) { append(text); } inline Block::operator bool() const { return d_count; } inline std::vector::const_reverse_iterator Block::rbeginAtDollar() const { return d_atDollar.rbegin(); } inline std::vector::const_reverse_iterator Block::rendAtDollar() const { return d_atDollar.rend(); } inline size_t Block::lineNr() const { return d_lineNr; } inline void Block::setLineNr(size_t lineNr) { d_lineNr = lineNr; } inline std::string const &Block::source() const { return d_source; } inline std::string const &Block::str() const { return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/block/open.cc0000664000175000017500000000073414700504612014625 0ustar frankfrank#include "block.ih" void Block::open(size_t lineno, string const &source) { if (d_count) // existing block ? *this += "{"s; // add open curly bracket to the block's code else { // assign line if no braces were open yet clear(); this->string::operator=("{"s); d_lineNr = lineno; d_source = source; } ++d_count; // here, as clear() will reset d_count } bisonc++-6.09.01/block/opfuncharp.cc0000664000175000017500000000022514700504612016024 0ustar frankfrank#include "block.ih" bool Block::operator()(string const &text) { if (d_count == 0) return false; *this += text; return true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/block/clear.cc0000664000175000017500000000017514700504612014751 0ustar frankfrank#include "block.ih" void Block::clear() { erase(); d_atDollar.clear(); d_count = 0; d_assignment = false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/block/close.cc0000664000175000017500000000013214700504612014761 0ustar frankfrank#include "block.ih" bool Block::close() { *this += "}"; return --d_count == 0; } bisonc++-6.09.01/block/block.h0000664000175000017500000000424714700504612014623 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_BLOCK_ #define _INCLUDED_BLOCK_ #include #include #include #include "../atdollar/atdollar.h" class Block: private std::string { friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, Block const &blk); size_t d_lineNr; std::string d_source; // the source in which the block // was found. The block's text itself // is in the Block's base class int d_count = 0; // curly braces nesting count, handled // by clear(), close(), and open() std::vector d_atDollar; // @- and $-specifications bool d_assignment = false; public: using std::string::empty; using std::string::find; using std::string::find_first_not_of; using std::string::find_first_of; using std::string::find_last_of; using std::string::insert; using std::string::length; using std::string::operator[]; using std::string::replace; using std::string::substr; void clear(); // clears the previous block contents void open(size_t lineno, std::string const &source); bool close(); void atDollar(size_t lineNr, std::string const &text, bool assignment, bool refByScanner = false); void operator+=(std::string const &text); operator bool() const; // return true if a block is active // add text if a block is active, bool operator()(std::string const &text); // returns true if active std::vector::const_reverse_iterator rbeginAtDollar() const; std::vector::const_reverse_iterator rendAtDollar() const; size_t lineNr() const; void setLineNr(size_t lineNr); std::string const &source() const; // the block's source file std::string const &str() const; // the block's contents bool assignment() const; // used '$$ =' }; #include "block.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/block/atdollar.cc0000664000175000017500000000040714700504612015463 0ustar frankfrank#include "block.ih" void Block::atDollar(size_t lineNr, string const &text, bool assignment, bool refByScanner) { d_atDollar.push_back(AtDollar{length(), lineNr, text, refByScanner}); d_assignment |= assignment; append(text); } bisonc++-6.09.01/block/operatorinsert.cc0000664000175000017500000000042114700504612016735 0ustar frankfrank#include "block.ih" std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, Block const &blk) { out << '`' << static_cast(blk) << "'\n"; copy(blk.d_atDollar.rbegin(), blk.d_atDollar.rend(), ostream_iterator(out, "\n")); return out; } bisonc++-6.09.01/block/block.ih0000664000175000017500000000021714700504612014765 0ustar frankfrank#include "block.h" #include #include #include #include #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/block/frame0000664000175000017500000000005614700504612014367 0ustar frankfrank#include "block.ih" void Block::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/build0000775000175000017500000001175114700504612013311 0ustar frankfrank#!/usr/bin/icmake -t. #include "icmconf" string g_logPath, g_cwd = chdir(""); // initial working directory, ends in / int g_echo = ON; #include "icmake/cuteoln" #include "icmake/backtick" #include "icmake/setopt" #include "icmake/run" #include "icmake/md" #include "icmake/special" #include "icmake/pathfile" #include "icmake/findall" #include "icmake/loginstall" #include "icmake/logrecursive" #include "icmake/logzip" #include "icmake/logfile" #include "icmake/uninstall" #include "icmake/clean" #include "icmake/manpage" #include "icmake/manual" #include "icmake/gitlab" #include "icmake/destinstall" #include "icmake/loginstalled" #include "icmake/install" void main(int argc, list argv) { string option; string psType; // program or strip int idx; int precomp = 1; for (idx = listlen(argv); idx--; ) { if (argv[idx] == "-q") { g_echo = OFF; argv -= (list)"-q"; } else if (argv[idx] == "-P") { precomp = 0; argv -= (list)"-P"; } else if (strfind(argv[idx], "LOG:") == 0) { g_logPath = argv[idx]; argv -= (list)g_logPath; g_logPath = substr(g_logPath, 4, strlen(g_logPath)); } } echo(g_echo); option = argv[1]; if (option == "clean") clean(0); if (option == "distclean") clean(1); if (option != "") special(); if (option == "install") install(argv[2], argv[3]); if (option == "uninstall") uninstall(argv[2]); if (option == "gitlab") gitlab(); if (option == "man") manpage(); if (option == "manual") manual(); if (precomp) exec(P_NOCHECK, "sed -i 's,^//#define SPCH,#define SPCH,' icmconf"); else { exec(P_NOCHECK, "sed -i 's,^#define SPCH,//#define SPCH,' icmconf"); exec(P_NOCHECK, "rm -f *.ih.gch */*.ih.gch"); } if (option == "library") { system("icmbuild library"); exit(0); } if (argv[2] == "strip") psType = "strip"; else psType = "program"; if (option == "program") { system("icmbuild " + psType); exit(0); } if (option == "oxref") { system("icmbuild " + psType); run("oxref -t main -r replace -fxs tmp/main.o tmp/lib" LIBRARY ".a > " PROGRAM ".xref"); exit(0); } if (option == "scanner") { chdir("scanner"); system("flexc++ -i scanner.ih lexer"); chdir(".."); system("icmbuild " + psType); exit(0); } printf("Usage: build [-q -P] what\n" "Where\n" " -q: run quietly, do not show executed commands\n" " -P: do not use precompiled headers\n" "`what' is one of:\n" " clean - clean up remnants of previous compilations\n" " distclean - clean + fully remove tmp/\n" " library - build " PROGRAM "'s library\n" " man - build the man-page (requires Yodl)\n" " manual - build the manual (requires Yodl)\n" " program [strip] - build " PROGRAM " (optionally strip the " "executable)\n" " oxref [strip] - same a `program', also builds xref file using " "oxref\n" " scanner [strip] - build new scanner, then 'build program'\n" " install [LOG:path] selection [base] -\n" " to install the software in the locations " "defined \n" " in the INSTALL.im file, optionally below " "base.\n" " LOG:path is optional: if specified `path' " "is the\n" " logfile on which the installation log is " "written.\n" " selection can be\n" " x, to install all components,\n" " or a combination of:\n" " a (additional documentation),\n" " b (binary program),\n" " d (standard documentation),\n" " m (man-pages)\n" " s (skeleton files)\n" " u (user guide)\n" " uninstall logfile - remove files and empty directories listed\n" " in the file 'logfile'\n" " gitlab - prepare gitlab's web-pages update\n" " (internal use only)\n" "\n" ); exit(0); } bisonc++-6.09.01/changelog0000664000175000017500000023334514773773556014174 0ustar frankfrankbisonc++ (6.09.01) * Specifying %token-path now also works in combination with the %target-directory directive (or option) * scanner/lex.cc checks for non-empty d_matched strings when calling d_matched.back() (required when using g++ >= 15.0.0). * The usage info now also mentions the token options. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 27 Mar 2025 19:03:48 +0100 bisonc++ (6.09.00) * The manual shows the GPL V 3 (conditions for using bisonc++) which is now included in the source distribution (the file ./LICENCE). * End-of-line comment used in %polymorphic %type specifications is now ignored. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 16 May 2024 09:21:26 +0200 bisonc++ (6.08.00) * The check for non-empty rules by the %prec directive was too strict. It now checks whether the rule's rhs is empty (cf. rules/rules.f: Rules::empty()). -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 24 Mar 2024 12:23:03 +0100 bisonc++ (6.07.00) * 6.07 is only used by Debian. -- Frank B. Brokken Fri, 01 Mar 2024 11:03:44 +0100 bisonc++ (6.06.00) * The %prec directive requires a non-empty grammar rule. * When using %polymorphic the Tag_ enum defines a last tag END_TAG_, and the parserbase.h declares the (empty) class EndPolyType_. END_TAG_ and EndPolyType_ are used by the default constructor of the Meta_::SType class, avoiding undefined SType objects that caused segmentation faults when the %prec directive was used in an empty grammar rule. * States having SR and/or RR conflicts now count 1 SR conflict when multiple LA-tokens are removed from the same production rule, and count 1 RR conflict when an earlier rule is kept, dropping one or more later rules. However, when RR conflicts are observed, Bisonc++ will report which rules are dropped from which states. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 15 Oct 2023 09:41:02 +0200 bisonc++ (6.05.00) * Changed 'typedef' declarations into 'using' declarations, also in generated parsers * Updated the documentation accordingly * Removed the superfluous flag -pthread from INSTALL.im -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 23 Mar 2023 10:01:08 +0100 bisonc++ (6.04.05) * Ready for libbobcat6 * Added 'c++std' defining the c++ standard to use for compilation. Compilation commands also use -Werror * Repaired errors caused by warnings and -Werror -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 11 Sep 2022 13:06:55 +0200 bisonc++ (6.04.04) * Removed -q from bisonc++'s build script -- Frank B. Brokken Sat, 26 Jun 2021 14:52:47 +0200 bisonc++ (6.04.03) * Added the descriptions of the %token-class, %token-namespace, and %token-path directives to the bisonc++input(7) man-page. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 18 Mar 2021 13:50:44 +0100 bisonc++ (6.04.02) * Bisonc++'s lexical scanner was generated by flexc++ 2.09.00 * The .tar.gz extensions were removed from the man-pages' last lines. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 21 Feb 2021 13:35:41 +0100 bisonc++ (6.04.01) * Bisonc++'s lexical scanner was generated by flexc++ 2.08.00 -- Frank B. Brokken Fri, 13 Nov 2020 10:43:27 +0100 bisonc++ (6.04.00) * Added options and directives 'token-class', 'token-namespace', and 'token-path' creating a 'Tokens' class containing the symbolic tokens of the generated grammar on a separate file. Starting with this release bisonc++'s own source files refer to the file parser/tokens.h, and its Scanner class now refers to Tokens::tokenName instead of Parser::tokenName. * The manual and man-pages were updated accordingly. * Updated icmake/findall in line with the icmake(1) man-page -- Frank B. Brokken Fri, 21 Mar 2020 15:19:20 +0100 bisonc++ (6.03.00) * Polymorphic assignment member functions are explicitly implemented instead of using generic template functions. This allows the compiler to perform implicit conversions. E.g., when using template assignment operators and a polymorphic type INT -> int is defined then the assignment $$ = 'a' is not compiled. But if the assignment operators are separately defined for each of the polymorphic types the compiler performs the char -> int conversion and the assignment is compiled. * Fixed a flaw in the overview of bisonc++ options: -L by default uses the bisonc++polymorphic.code skeleton, -M by default uses the bisonc++polymorphic skeleton. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 13 Jun 2019 12:32:16 +0200 bisonc++ (6.02.05) * To avoid type conversion ambiguities when comparing StateTypes flags operator& was defined for two StateType values (skeletons/bisonc++.cc) -- Frank B. Brokken Fri, 01 Mar 2019 15:45:01 +0100 bisonc++ (6.02.04) * The function print() (skeletons/bisonc++.ih; also in generated parser.ih files) no longer calls print_(). The function print_() displays tokens if the --print-tokens option is specified. However, if that option is specified print_() is already called from nextToken_ in parse.cc. -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 21 Jan 2019 10:37:30 +0100 bisonc++ (6.02.03) * Fixed an off-by-one line error reported by Alex Es. * Added #define GNU to INSTALL.im to select either g++ or clang++ (-> clang++-7). Using g++ by default. * Several source files received minor changes to prevent clang++ warnings. * Added the directory iuo/ to contain files which are only internally used. (currently containing module.modulemap) -- Frank B. Brokken Sat, 10 Nov 2018 13:11:47 +0100 bisonc++ (6.02.02) * [[fallthrough]] requires a final semicolon (cf. C++ std 20, 10.6.5). Bisonc++'s internal and generated code is fixed accordingly. * Andreas Beckmann noticed two dangling symlinks below the bisonc++-doc/demos directory: fixed in this release. The files documentation/man/calculator/scanner/lexer and documentation/regression/calculator/scanner/lexer are now copies instead of one being a symlink to the other -- Frank B. Brokken Wed, 03 Oct 2018 21:39:50 +0200 bisonc++ (6.02.01) * Migrated Bisonc++ from Github to Gitlab. -- Frank B. Brokken Sat, 16 Jun 2018 07:22:42 +0200 bisonc++ (6.02.00) * Starting with version 6.02.00 bisonc++ reserved identifiers no longer end in two underscore characters, but in one. This modification was necessary because according to the C++ standard identifiers having two or more consecutive underscore characters are reserved by the language. In practice this could require some minor modifications of existing source files using bisonc++'s facilities, most likely limited to changing Tokens__ into Tokens_ and changing Meta__ into Meta_. The complete list of affected names is: Enums: DebugMode_, ErrorRecovery_, Return_, Tag_, Tokens_; Enum values: PARSE_ABORT_, PARSE_ACCEPT_, UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_, sizeofTag_; Type / namespace designators: Meta_, PI_, STYPE_; Member functions: clearin_, errorRecovery_, errorVerbose_, executeAction_, lex_, lookup_, nextCycle_, nextToken_, popToken_, pop_, print_, pushToken_, push_, recovery_, redoToken_, reduce_, savedToken_, shift_, stackSize_, startRecovery_, state_, token_, top_, vs_, Protected data members: d_acceptedTokens_, d_actionCases_, d_debug_, d_nErrors_, d_requiredTokens_, d_val_, idOfTag_, s_nErrors_ -- Frank B. Brokken Tue, 15 May 2018 20:58:45 +0200 bisonc++ (6.01.03) * To avoid lintian reports about missing examples the 'examples/' directories were renamed to 'demos/' -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 08 Mar 2018 21:00:12 +0100 bisonc++ (6.01.02) * Added C++-17 attributes [[maybe_notused]] to bisonc++'s code, and removed unused parameters unless required. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 08 Mar 2018 20:16:50 +0100 bisonc++ (6.01.01) * Fixed a missing destination for the link to the sources of the rpn calculator mentioned in Ch. 6 of the user manual. -- Frank B. Brokken Tue, 23 Jan 2018 12:59:39 +0100 bisonc++ (6.01.00) * Removed std:: in front of thread_local in generated code * Removed definitions of the Yodl tr-macro from .yo files: it is a predefined macro in Yodl 4.02.00, and is not used in de documentation. -- Frank B. Brokken Sat, 20 Jan 2018 11:40:25 +0100 bisonc++ (6.00.00) * The generated code was rewritten. The protected interface of ParserBase and names of parse()-related members in Parser was modified. The names of all accessible members in parserbase.h and parser.h now have two trailing underscore characters. Predefined members in parser.ih no longer have trailing underscores, and can be redefined. The traditional error(char const *) member in fact never uses its argument (and bisonc++ only passed the default "Syntax error" argument). Its prototype now no longer defines a parameter. Here's an overview of modified member names/signatures: -------------------------------------------------------- Before 6.00.00 Starting with 6.00.00 -------------------------------------------------------- void error(char const *); void error(); void exceptionHandler__(... void exceptionHandler(... void errorRecovery(); void errorRecovery__(); void executeAction(int); void executeAction__(int); void nextToken(); void nextToken__(); -------------------------------------------------------- added: --------------------------- void nextCycle__(); --------------------------- removed: --------------------------- int lookup(bool); --------------------------- When re-generating parsers generated by bisonc++ before version 6.00.00, the signatures of the above functions in the file parser.h must be hand-modified to reflect the above changes. In addition, the implementations of error and exceptionHandler (default implementations were provided in parser.ih) must be adapted to their new signatures. * Added a warning to skeleton/binsonc++.h that until the #undef instruction Parser will be read as ParserBase. * With Polymorphic semantic values a tag mismatch is no considered fatal anymore if errors were already encountered. In that case the semantic value showing a tag mismatch is replaced by the default value of the semantic value of the expected polymorphic type. * Compilation of bisonc++ now starts with the construction of precompiled headers, significantly reducing the compilation time. * The state stack elements now consist of two values: the first element holds the state index, the second element the semantic value. * Added option and directive 'prompt': the generated parser shows a ?-prompt at each cycle when processing its input (which should not be provided on the standard input stream). * `thread-safe' can now also be specified as a directive. Previously it could only be specified as option. * Documentation was updated to reflect the above modifications * The build script now properly recognizes the 'strip' option * By default precompiled headers are used. The option -P (cf. log entry 'bisonc++ (4.12.03)' below) is now opertational. Be advised that using -P removes all existing .ih.gch files from the directory containing 'main.ih' and from all its immediate subdirectories. * Removed the compiler option --std=c++14, since that's by now the default. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 18 May 2017 09:46:19 +0200 bisonc++ (5.03.00) * Added a declaration like 'Parser() = default' to the generated parser class header file. * Added an item about existing constructors and how to add additional constructors to parser classes generated by bisonc++ * Corrected 'see also' references in the man-pages. -- Frank B. Brokken Sat, 28 Jan 2017 15:12:16 +0100 bisonc++ (5.02.02) * Updated the description of the %prec directive. -- Frank B. Brokken Tue, 24 May 2016 16:33:48 +0530 bisonc++ (5.02.01) * Repaired an error in 'build install LOG...'. * Verified that 'selection' in 'build install selection' was correctly specified. -- Frank B. Brokken Wed, 18 May 2016 17:34:28 +0530 bisonc++ (5.02.00) * The polymorphic semantic values implementation uses a unique_ptr when transferring semantic values inside the geerated parser (including bisonc++'s own parser). See the documentation for details. * Added new option/directive stack-expansion defining the number of elements to add to a completely full semantic value stack. * Enlarging the semantic value stack does not require copying existing semantic values to the enlarged semantic value stack. Either resizing is used (when the capacity allows it) or the stored semantic values are moved to the enlarged stack, which is then swapped with the parser's semantic values stack. * More in general: the generated parser itself does not internally copy semantic values anymore. Copying is only used in the grammar's action blocks . -- Frank B. Brokken Fri, 13 May 2016 13:46:18 +0530 bisonc++ (5.01.00) * Reimplemented polymorphic semantic values: the Meta__::Base class now is a virtual bease class. * Some templated operator& functions cannot handle two DebugMode__ arguments. To prevent compilation errors in those cases a DebugMode__ operator&(DebugMode__, DebugMode__) function was added to the parserbase-skeleton. * The documentation erroneously referred to an undefined --action-cases option. Instead, --debug should be used and setDebug(Parser::ACTIONCASES) should be called. Code and documentation modified accordingly. * Added the script documentation/regression/runone to run a single regression test. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 05 May 2016 20:35:39 +0530 bisonc++ (5.00.01) * Fixed verbinsert calls: yodl 3.07.01 implements a macro 'verbinsert' rendering bisonc++'s own definition superfluous. The new definition requires 1 argument, and the old one 2, so the verbinsert calls were updated accordingly. * Alexander Sedov noticed that line numbers in the default actions were incorrect. Line numbers of default actions are now set to the line of the '|' or ';' character following the production rule receiving a default action block. * Updated the 'required' file. -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 25 Apr 2016 15:47:27 +0530 bisonc++ (5.00.00) * Options/directives: The default `default-actions std' option/directive unconditionally adds $$ = $1 action blocks to non-empty production rules w/o final action blocks Added option/directive tag-mismatches. and option --polymorphic-code-skeleton (-L). The formerly available option --no-default-action-return was renamed to default-actions (-d replacing -N), and can now also be used as a directive: %default-actions. Option --polymorphic-inline-skeleton (-m) is not used anymore and was removed. The option --include-only has been dropped (although it was mentioned in the usage info, it had in fact not been available for quite some time). * Implementation: Reimplemented handling polymorphic semantic values. shared pointers are no longer used. Details: see README.polymorphic-technical and parser/data.cc Type specifications in %type directives are verified. With %union the check is a simple check whether '\btype\b' is found in the %union spec. Mismatches between the types of nonterminals and the types of the first elements of their production rules previously resulted in a `type clash of default action' warning. Such mismatches are now considered errors. After parsing a grammar file only plain warning messages (i.e., without file/line info) are issued. Switching to such plain message is now done in Parser::cleanup, and no longer in various members of objects being used after calling Parser::cleanup(). Comment (to end-of-line and C-style) can now also be used in polymorphic type specifications. Renamed the top-level bisonc++.cc and bisonc++.ih files to main.cc and main.ih, respectively. Using new lexical scanner, built by Flexc++ V2.04.00. * Grammar files: New dollar-notations ($$(...), _$$, _$i) are available, $$, $i are not available anymore. * API: New member: setDebug(DebugMode__), shows the action case just before executing the action block. The SType::data() member is now obsolete and has been removed. The semantic value type STYPE__ (the class Meta__::SType) member `valid() const' returns true if its member tag() returns a valid Tag__, otherwise it returns false. False is returned for default constructed STYPE__ values. Previous implementations of STYPE__ implemented an undocumented member pointer (->) operator for calling get() and data(). This operator is no longer available. Instead of -> the member selector operator (.) should be used. E.g., stype.get(). The member SType::emplace (See the 4.13.00 log entry) was renamed to SType::assign: it doesn't emplace, but assign. The construction $$(-optional arguments-); can be used in action blocks to do $$.emplace(-optional arguments-); * Documentation: Bisonc++'s man-page and manual was updated. Added new man-pages bisonc++input.7, describing the organization of bisonc++'s grammar file(s), and bisonc++api.3, describing the API of the software generated by bisonc++ * Regression tests: The extensive calculator regression test declared a RuleValue(unsigned) constructor, but implemented a RuleValue(size_t) constructor, which does not compile on amd64 architectures. The regression test was modified by changing the constructor's size_t parameter type into unsigned. All regression test grammar files contain the directive %default-actions quiet preventing warning messages about adding default $$ = $1 action blocks to production rules without action blocks. -- Frank B. Brokken Wed, 13 Apr 2016 11:03:54 +0530 bisonc++ (4.13.01) * slightly modified the icmake build scripts to prevent multiple inclusions of some of the installed files. -- Frank B. Brokken Fri, 18 Dec 2015 13:41:08 +0100 bisonc++ (4.13.00) * 'build install' supports an optional LOG: argument: the (relative or absolute) path to a installation log file. The environment variable BISONCPP is no longer used. * Updated the usage info displayed by `./build', altered the procedure to install the files at their final destinations. * Following a suggestion made by gendx the polymorphic class Semantic now defines a variadic template constructor, allowing Semantic objects (and thus SType::emplace) to be initialized (c.q. called) using any set of argument types that are supported by Semantic's DataType. Also, the (internally used) classes HasDefault and NoDefault are now superfluous and were removed (from skeletons/bisonc++polymorphic and skeletons/bisonc++polymorphic.inline). * Adapted the icmake build files to icmake 8.00.04 -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 13 Dec 2015 16:29:41 +0100 bisonc++ (4.12.03) * Kevin Brodsky observed that the installation scripts used 'chdir' rather than 'cd'. Fixed in this release. * Kevin Brodsky also observed that the combined size of all precompiled headers might exceed some disks capacities. The option -P was added to the ./build script to prevent the use of precompiled headers. -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 05 Oct 2015 20:17:56 +0200 bisonc++ (4.12.02) * Refined the 'build uninstall' procedure -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 04 Oct 2015 16:27:18 +0200 bisonc++ (4.12.01) * The implementation of the ./build script was improved. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 01 Oct 2015 18:41:45 +0200 bisonc++ (4.12.00) * Added 'build uninstall'. This command only works if, when calling one of the 'build install' alternatives and when calling 'build uninstall' the environment variable BISONCPP contains the (preferably absolute) filename of a file on which installed files and directories are logged. Note that 'build (dist)clean' does not remove the file pointed at by the BISONCPP environment variable, unless that file happpens to be in a directory removed by 'build (dist)clean'. See also the file INSTALL. Defining the BISONCPP environment variable as ~/.bisoncpp usually works well. * Guillaume Endignoux offered several valuable suggestions: - Classes may not have default constructors, but may still be used if the default $$ = $1 action is not used. This can now be controlled using option --no-default-action-return (-N). When this option is specified the default $$ = $1 assignment of semantic values when returning from an action block isn't provided. When this option is specified then Bisonc++ generates a warning for typed rules (non-terminals) whose action blocks do not provide an explicit $$ return value. - To assign a value to $$ a member `emplace' is provided, expecting the arguments of the type represented by $$. - In cases where a $x.get() cannot return a reference to a value matching tt(Tag::NAME) and the associated type does not provide a default constructor this function throws an exception reporting STYPE::get: no default constructor available * Bisonc++'s documentation about using polymorphic values was modified, in particular the information about how the various polymorphic values can be assigned and retrieved. -- Frank B. Brokken Tue, 29 Sep 2015 11:48:18 +0200 bisonc++ (4.11.00) * Cleanup of the manual, in particular how lexical scanners can access the various values of polymorphic semantic value types (cf. section `Polymorphism and multiple semantic values'). The man-page was modified accordingly. * The manual-stamp file is no longer used. Calling 'build manual' now always (re)builds the manual. The same holds true for 'build man'. * The in version 4.08.00 removed const members were reinstalled, as they are required in situations where, e.g., a function defines an STYPE__ const * parameter. * Added 'build uninstall'. This command only works if, when calling one of the 'build install' alternatives and when calling 'build uninstall' the environment variable BISONCPP contains the (preferably absolute) filename of a file on which installed files and directories are logged. Note that 'build (dist)clean' does not remove the file pointed at by the BISONCPP environment variable, unless that file happpens to be in a directory removed by 'build (dist)clean'. See also the file INSTALL. Defining the BISONCPP environment variable as ~/.bisoncpp usually works well. * The INSTALL file was updated to the current state of affairs. * Removed the file parser/reader, which contained code generated by bison. It was nowhere used and I simply couldn't see why it was added to the parser's directory at all. * Removed the file 'distribution' from this directory's parent directory. It is not used, and was superseded by the file sourcetar (both files are Internal Use Only). * Removed the file documentation/bison.ps.org/bison.ps.gz: it harbored an compression error (already at the very first bisonc++ release), and the bison documentation in html format remains part of the bisonc++ distribution. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 30 Aug 2015 11:13:57 +0200 bisonc++ (4.10.01) * Production rules of non-terminal symbols that immediately follow dot positions of existing items are added as new (implied) items to that state's set of items. The --construction option no longer shows the indices of such newly added items as this information can easily be obtained from the provided construction output. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 17 May 2015 16:54:13 +0200 bisonc++ (4.10.00) * FOLLOW sets are not used when analyzing LALR(1) grammars. The class FollowSet and all operations on follow sets were removed. * The LA set computation algorithm was reimplemented, a description of the new algorithm is included in the manual and in several source files, in particular state/determinelasets.cc. Both the state items' LA computation and the LA propagation algorithms were completely reimplemented. * Rules causing conflicts (i.e., conflict remaining after processing %left, %right, %nonassoc and/or %expect) as wel as the involved LA characters re briefly mentioned immediately following the SR/RR conflict-counts. * The class Symtab now uses an unordered_map rather than a mere (ordered) map. * The class-dependency diagram (README.class-setup) was updated to reflect the latest changes. Same for the file CLASSES which is used by the build script. * Added the file `required' listing the non-standard software that is required to build bisonc++ and its user guide / man-page -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 17 May 2015 13:13:55 +0200 bisonc++ (4.09.02) * Wilko Kuiper reported an annoying bug in the skeleton lex.in, causing the compilation of parser.hh to fail. This release fixes that bug. -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 28 Jul 2014 16:46:35 +0200 bisonc++ (4.09.01) * $#$#@ !! Forgot to update the help-info (bisonc++ --help) to reflect the new -D option. Now fixed. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 11 May 2014 09:05:48 +0200 bisonc++ (4.09.00) * Added option --no-decoration (-D), suppressing the actions that are normally associated with matched rules. -- Frank B. Brokken Sat, 10 May 2014 11:58:46 +0200 bisonc++ (4.08.01) * Members of the class `Generator' generating a substantial amount of code now read skeleton files instead of strings which are defined in these functions' bodies. * Added new skeleton files for the abovementioned functions. The names of these skeleton files are identical to the matching filenames in generator/, but use extensions `.in' -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 31 Mar 2014 11:45:41 +0200 bisonc++ (4.08.00) * std::shared_ptr doesn't slice: virtual ~Base() and dynamic_casts removed from the generated parserbase.h files * %polymorphicimpl removed from skeleton/bisonc++, matching files from Generator * The implementation of polymorphic semantic values was simplified. Const members were removed from polymorphic semantic value classes; ReturnType get() const and ReturnType data() const are no longer required and were removed. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 02 Mar 2014 11:51:38 +0100 bisonc++ (4.07.02) * Changed 'class SType into struct SType in skeletons/polymorphic, since all its members are public anyway. * Class header and class implementation header files are no longer overwritten at bisonc++ runs. * Running './build program' no longer by default uses -g (see INSTALL.im) -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 17 Feb 2014 13:43:16 +0100 bisonc++ (4.07.01) * Fixed segfaults (encountered with 4.07.00) caused by for-statement range specification errors. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 16 Feb 2014 15:46:45 +0100 bisonc++ (4.07.00) * Generating files is prevented when errors in option/declaration specifications are encountered. All errors in option/declaration specifications (instead of just the first error that is encountered) are now reported. -- Frank B. Brokken Fri, 14 Feb 2014 14:53:33 +0100 bisonc++ (4.06.00) * Repaired buggy handling of some options/directives * Prevented spurious option warnings sometimes generated when options aren't specified * Action blocks associated with rules may contain raw string literals. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 09 Feb 2014 11:31:14 +0100 bisonc++ (4.05.00) * Added the directive %scanner-class-name specifying the class name of the scanner to use in combination with the %scanner directive * re-installed the --namespace option (see the next item) * Warnings are issued when options or directives are specified wchich are ignored because the target file (e.g., parser.h, parser.hh) already exists. These warnings are not issued for parse.cc and parserbase.h, which are by default rewritten at each bisonc++ run. These warnings are issued for the `class-header', `class-name', `baseclass-header', `namespace', `scanner', `scanner-class-name' and `scanner-token-function' options/directives. * The --force-class-header and --force-implementation-header options were removed: 'rm ...' should be used instead. * man-page and manual updated * CLASSES class dependencies updated, icmconf's USE_ALL activated -- Frank B. Brokken Sat, 10 Aug 2013 10:16:17 +0200 bisonc++ (4.04.01) * Removed the possibility to specify path names for the --baseclass-header, --class-header, --implementation-header, and --parsefun-source options (and corresponding directives). Path names for generated files should be specified using the target-directory option or directive. -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 27 May 2013 12:12:58 +0200 bisonc++ (4.04.00) * Repaired %target-directory not recognizing path-characters and not removing surrounding "-delimiters. * The --baseclass-header, --class-header, --implementation-header, and --parsefun-source options (and corresponding directives) now also accept path-specifications. * The man-page and manual have been updated accordingly. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 26 May 2013 14:22:50 +0200 bisonc++ (4.03.00) * Bisonc++ before 4.03.00 failed to notice the --debug option. Now repaired. * Added the rpn example to the manual, and repaired typos in the manual. * Options/directives that can only accept file names (like --baseclass-header) no longer accept path names. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 31 Mar 2013 11:25:49 +0200 bisonc++ (4.02.01) * Parser-class header files (e.g., Parser.h) and parser-class internal header files (e.g., Parser.hh) generated with bisonc++ < 4.02.00 require two hand-modifications when used in combination with bisonc++ >= 4.02.00: In Parser.h, just below the declaration void print__(); add: void exceptionHandler__(std::exception const &exc); In Parser.hh, assuming the name of the generated class is `Parser', add the following member definition (if a namespace is used: within the namespace's scope): inline void Parser::exceptionHandler__(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } This function may be re-implemented, see the man-page for further details. -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 11 Mar 2013 16:50:26 +0100 bisonc++ (4.02.00) * Added member Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc), handling std::exceptions thrown from the parser's action blocks. * The --namespace option was removed, since it does not affect once generated parser.h files, resulting in inconsistent namespace definitions. * Include guards of parser.h and parserbase.h include the namespace identifier, if %namespace has been used. * Provided print()'s implementation in bisonc++.hh with a correct class-prifix (was a fixed Parser::) * Textual corrections of the man-page and manual. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 07 Mar 2013 09:57:07 +0100 bisonc++ (4.01.02) * Bisonc++ returns 0 for options --help and --version * Catching Errno exceptions is replaced by catching std::exception exceptions -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 24 Jan 2013 08:14:59 +0100 bisonc++ (4.01.01) * The following #defines in INSTALL.im can be overruled by defining identically named environment variables: CXX defines the name of the compiler to use. By default `g++' CXXFLAGS the options passed to the compiler. By default `-Wall --std=c++0x -O2 -g' LDFLAGS the options passed to the linker. By default no options are passed to the linker. SKEL the directory where the skeletons are stored -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 15 Jul 2012 14:44:46 +0200 bisonc++ (4.01.00) * Repaired a long-existing bug due to which some S/R conflicts are solved by a reduce, where a shift should have been used. See README.states-and-conflicts for details. * Removed line-numbers from final warning/error messages * This version requires Bobcat >= 3.00.00 -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 03 May 2012 21:21:47 +0200 bisonc++ (4.00.00) * Implemented the %polymorphic directive. Bisonc++ itself uses %polymorphic to implement its own polymorphic semantic values; man-page and manual extended with sections about polymorphic semantic values. * Implemented the %weak-tags directive. By default %polymorphic declares an `enum class Tag__', resulting in strongly typed polymorphic tags. If the traditional tag declaration is preferred, the %weak-tags directive can be specified in addition to %polymorphic, resulting in the declaration `enum Tag__'. * The previously used class spSemBase and derivatives (e.g., SemBase, Semantic) are now obsolete and the directories sembase and spsembase implementing these classes were removed. * The Parser's inline functions are all private and were moved to the parser's .hh file. This doesn't affect current implementations, as parser.h and parser.hh are only generated once, but newly generated parsers no longer define the Parser's inline members (error, print__, and lex) in parser.h but in parser.hh * @@ can be used (instead of d_loc__) to refer to a rule's location stack value. * The generated parser now uses unordered_maps instead of maps. -- Frank B. Brokken Fri, 13 Apr 2012 14:10:12 +0200 bisonc++ (3.01.00) * The `%print-tokens' directive was accidentally omitted from 3.00.00. Repaired in this release. * Starting this release all release tags (using names that are identical to the version number, so for this release the tag is 3.01.00) are signed to allow authentication. -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 27 Feb 2012 13:33:20 +0100 bisonc++ (3.00.00) * This release's scanner was built by flexc++ * Option handling was separated from parsing, following the method also used in flexc++: a class Options holds and maintains directives and options that are used in multiple points in bisonc++'s sources. The Parser passes directive specifications to set-functions defined by the class Options. * The parser's semantic value handling recevied a complete overhaul. Unions are no longer used; instead a light-weight polymorphic base class in combination with some template meta programming was used to handle the semantic values. See sembase/sembase.h for a description of the appproach. * Options and directives were rationalized/standardized. See the man-page for details. Grammar specification files should no longer use %print, but should either use %print-tokens or %own-tokens (or the equivalent command-line options). * NOTE: Existing Parser class interfaces (i.e. parser.h) must be (hand-) modified by declaring a private member void print__(); See the man-page and/or manual for details about print__. * All regression tests (in documentation/regression) are now expecting that flexc++ (>= 0.93.00) is available. -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 20 Feb 2012 16:32:01 +0100 bisonc++ (2.09.04) * Replaced many for_each calls and lamda functions by range-based for-loops * Used g++-4.7 -- Frank B. Brokken Wed, 04 Jan 2012 12:26:01 +0100 bisonc++ (2.09.03) * Replaced all FnWrap* calls by lambda function calls * `build' script now recognizes CXXFLAGS and LDFLAGS for, resp. g++ and ld flags. Default values are set in INSTALL.im, as before. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 23 Jun 2011 10:06:02 +0200 bisonc++ (2.09.02) * Repaired flaws that emerged with g++ 4.6 -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 02 May 2011 16:30:43 +0200 bisonc++ (2.9.1) * Documentation requires >= Yodl 3.00.0 -- Frank B. Brokken Wed, 10 Nov 2010 10:30:51 +0100 bisonc++ (2.9.0) * Changed Errno::what() call to Errno::why() * Removed dependencies on Msg, using Mstreams and Errno::open instead. Consequently, bisonc++ depends on at least Bobcat 2.9.0 -- Frank B. Brokken Sat, 30 Oct 2010 22:05:30 +0200 bisonc++ (2.8.0) * Grammars having states consisting of items in which a reduction from a (series of) non-terminals is indicated have automatically a higher precedence than items in which a shift is required. Therefore, in these cases the shift/reduce conflict is solved by a reduce, rather than a shift. See README.states-and-conflicts, srconflict/visitreduction.cc and the Bisonc++ manual, section 'Rule precedence' for examples and further information. These grammars are now showing S/R conflicts, which remained undetected in earlier versions of Bisonc++. The example was brought to my attention by Ramanand Mandayam (thanks, Ramanand!). * To the set of regression tests another test was added containing a grammar having two S/R conflicts resulting from automatically selecting reductions rather than shifts. This test was named 'mandayam'. * Output generated by --verbose and --construction now shows in more detail how S/R conflicts are handled. The Bisonc++ manual also received an additional section explaining when reduces are used with certain S/R conflicts. * Previously the documentation stated that --construction writes the construction process to stdout, whereas it is written to the same file as used by --verbose. This is now repaired. * The meaning/use of the data members of all classes are now described at the data members in all the classes' header files. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 08 Aug 2010 15:15:46 +0200 bisonc++ (2.7.0) * $-characters appearing in strings or character constants in action blocks no longer cause warnings about incorrect or negative $-indices * Repaired incorrect interpretation of '{' and '}' character constants in action blocks. * Added option --print (directive %print) displaying tokens received by the scanner used by the generated parser. * Added option --scanner-token-function (directive %scanner-token-function) specifying the name of the function called from the generated parser's lex() function. * The build script received an additional option: `build parser' can be used to force the reconstruction of parser/parse.cc and parser/parserbase.h -- Frank B. Brokken Wed, 31 Mar 2010 15:54:52 +0200 bisonc++ (2.6.0) * Reorganized Bisonc++'s classes: public inheritance changed to private where possible, all virtual members now private. The parser->parserbase inheritance remains as-is (public) because parserbase essentially is a element of parser, defining types and the token-enum that must also be available to the users of the generated parser class. The alternative, defining types and tokens in the parser class would make it impossible to adapt the tokens without rewriting the parser class. Another alternative, defining the types and enum in a separate namespace imposes further restrictions on the users of the parser class, which is also considered undesirable. Public inheritance is now only used by NonTerminal, Terminal, and Symbol as these classes override virtual functions either in Symbol or in Element and the derived classes must all be usable where their base classes are expected (in accordance with the LSP). bisonc++ (2.5.1) * Token values written to parserbase.h are (again) suppressed when their values exceed the previous token's value by 1. All values were shown because writer/insertToken erroneously didn't receive a size_t &lastTokenValue anymore, but a size_t lastTokenValue. * Removed Terminal's operator<< from the namespace std * Now using initializer_lists to initialize static data (generator/data.cc main.cc) -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 08 Mar 2010 20:51:22 +0100 bisonc++ (2.5.0) * Renamed parser/spec/aux to parser/spec/auxiliary to avoid file/device confusion on some systems * Removed inclusions of superfluous bobcat/fnwrap1c headers * Replaced all FnWrap1c calls by FnWrap::unary * Added check for d_currentRule == 0 in rules/addproduction. d_currentRule could be a 0-pointer, in which case addproduction shouldn't do anything. d_currentRule is a 0-pointer in, e.g. the erroneous grammar submitted by Justin Madru about which he rightfully remarked that even though erroneous bisonc++ shouldn't crash on it. This is his stripped-down grammar: %token X x_list %% x_list: x_list X | X ; bisonc++ (2.4.8) * Recompilation using option --std=c++0x, required because of Bobcat's use of C++0x syntax. -- Frank B. Brokken Sat, 05 Sep 2009 17:25:56 +0200 bisonc++ (2.4.7) * Streams processed by an `#include' directive were not properly closed, resulting in a memory leak. The Scanner's code was modified to plug that leak. -- Frank B. Brokken Wed, 06 May 2009 09:36:02 +0200 bisonc++ (2.4.6) * Changed the build script to allow finer control over construction and installation of parts of the package -- Frank B. Brokken Tue, 24 Mar 2009 19:16:10 +0100 bisonc++ (2.4.5) * DateTime (generator/filter.cc) adapted due to change of Bobcat's DateTime interface bisonc++ (2.4.4) * typed terminal tokens (as used in, e.g., %type) were not included in the parserbase's Tokens__ enum since their symbol type is left at UNDETERMINED. tokens used in type lists can also be non-terminals, in which case their symbol type is changed accordingly. In 2.4.4. a symbol is selected for inclusion in the Tokens__ enum if it's a terminal token but also if it's a symbol that has been used in the grammar although its symbol type is left at UNDETERMINED (in generator/selectsymbolic.cc) bisonc++ (2.4.3) * repaired segfault generated when the name of a non-existing file was passed to bisonc++ bisonc++ (2.4.2) * scanner/yylex.cc removed from the distribution: flex will create a new Scanner::yylex() member at each new distribution to prevent incompatibilities between earlier yylex.cc and later FlexLexer.h files. bisonc++ (2.4.1) * Implemented minor changes related to requirements imposed upon the code by g++ 4.3. * Generator/filter now uses the Datetime::rfc2822(), implmented since Bobcat 1.17.1 bisonc++ (2.4.0) * Fixed missing entry in multiple reduction state tables: State tables of multiple reduction states (e.g., REQ_RED states) were constructed incompletely. E.g., for the grammar: expr: name | ident '(' ')' | NR ; name: IDENT ; ident: IDENT ; the state following IDENT is either a reduce to 'name' or 'ident': the corresponding table was filled incompletely, using the number of the next token where the next token for the reduction should have been be mentioned, and an empty field in the table itself. NOTE that in these situations d_val__ MUST be set by the scanner, as the reduction requires another token, and only once that token is available the reduction to, e.g., 'ident' can be performed, but at that time YYText() has already gone and is inaccessible in an action block like: ident: IDENT { $$ = d_scanner.YYText(); } ; * The error recovery procedure in skeleton's bisonc++.cc skeleton file was reimplemented. As a side effect the internally used function 'ParserBase::checkEOF()' could be removed. * #line directives in rule action blocks now correctly identify the grammar specification file in which the action block was defined. * Extra empty line at the end of state transition tables were removed * Files generated by Bisonc++ report Bisonc++'s version and the file construction time (conform RFC 2822) as C++ comment in their first line. bisonc++ (2.3.1) * Fixed character returned in escaped constants. E.g., at '\'' the \ was returned instead of the ' character. * Implemented the default assignment of $1 to $$ at the begin of action rules. This required another Block member: saveDollar1(), called for nested blocks. The function saveDollar1() prepends the code to save $$ from $1 of the rule in which the nested block was defined. In share/bisonc++ the function executeAction() no longer saves the semantic value's TOS value as d_val__ but the rule's $1 value. * To allow extraction of the archive under Cygwin (Windows) the directory parser/spec/aux was renamed to parser/spec/auxiliary (as Windows can't handle files or directories named 'aux'). bisonc++ (2.3.0) * Dallas A. Clement uncovered a bug in handling semantic values, due to which semantic values of tokens returned by some grammars got lost. He intended to use a polymorphic semantic value class to pass different kinds of semantic values over from the scanner to the parser. This approach was the foundation of another regression test example, now added to the set of regression tests and described in Bisonc++'s manual. It will also appear as an annotated example in the C++ Annotations. Thanks, Dallas, for uncovering and reporting that bug. * Dallas also noted that mid-rule actions could not refer to semantic values of rule components that had already been seen by Bisonc++. This has been fixed in this release. Dallas, thanks again! * Earlier versions of Bisonc++ used the class OM (Output Mode) to define the way objects like (Non)Terminal tokens and (Non)Kernel Items were inserted into ostreams. Using OM did not result in the clarity of design I originally had in mind. OM is now removed, and instead relevant classes support a function `inserter()' allowing sources to specify (passing `inserter()' a pointer to a member function) what kind of insertion they need. For the Terminal class there is also a manipulator allowing sources to insert a insertion-member directly into the ostream. * New option: --insert-stype The generated parser will now also display semantic values when %debug is specified if the new command-line option --insert-stype is provided. Of course, in this case users should make sure that the semantic value is actually insertable (e.g., by providing an overloaded operator std::ostream &std::operator<<(std::ostream &out, STYPE__ const &semVal). bisonc++ (2.2.0) * Repaired a bug in parsing action blocks of rules appearing only in versions 2.1.0 and 2.0.0. In these versions compound statements defined within the action blocks result in bisonc++ erroneously reporting an error caused by bisonc++'s scanner (scanner/lexer) interpreting the closing curly brace as the end of the action block. * Repaired a flaw in terminal/terminal1.cc causing a segfault when using bisonc++ compiled with g++ 4.2.1 bisonc++ (2.1.0) * In the skeleton bisonc++.cc $insert 4 staticdata is followed by $insert namespace-open. Since `staticdata' defined s_out if %debug is requested, it could be defined outside of the user's namespace (defined by %namespace). Repaired by defining s_out after (if applicable) opening the namespace (in Generator::namespaceOpen(), called from $insert namespace-open). bisonc++ (2.0.0) * Rebuilt Bisonc++'s parser and scanner, creating Bisonc++'s parser from the file parser/grammar. Initially Bisonc++ 1.6.1 was used to create the Parser class header and parsing function. Once Bisonc++ 2.0.0 was available, the grammar file was split into various subfiles (see below) and Bisonc++ 2.0.0 was used to implement its own parsing function. As a direct consequence of using a grammar rather than a hand-implemented parsing function quite a few members of the Parser and Scanner class were reimplemented, new members were added and some could be removed. Parts of other classes (Rules, Block) were significantly modified as well. * Minor hand-modifications may be necessary with previously designed code using identifiers that are defined by the parser class generated by Bisonc++. The following names have changed: ------------------------------------------------------------------------- old name change into new name: Protected ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parser::LTYPE Parser::LTYPE__ Parser::STYPE Parser::STYPE__ Parser::Tokens Parser::Tokens__ Parser::DEFAULT_RECOVERY_MODE Parser::DEFAULT_RECOVERY_MODE__ Yes Parser::ErrorRecovery Parser::ErrorRecovery__ Yes Parser::Return Parser::Return__ Yes Parser::UNEXPECTED_TOKEN Parser::UNEXPECTED_TOKEN__ Yes Parser::d_debug Parser::d_debug__ Yes Parser::d_loc Parser::d_loc__ Yes Parser::d_lsp Parser::d_lsp__ Yes Parser::d_nErrors Parser::d_nErrors__ Yes Parser::d_nextToken Parser::d_nextToken__ Yes Parser::d_state Parser::d_state__ Yes Parser::d_token Parser::d_token__ Yes Parser::d_val Parser::d_val__ Yes Parser::d_vsp Parser::d_vsp__ Yes ------------------------------------------------------------------------- The symbols marked `Protected' can only occur in classes that were derived from the parser class generated by Bisonc++. Unless you derived a class from the parser class generated by Bisonc++ these changes should not affect your code. The first three symbols may have been used in other classes as well (for an example now using LTYPE__ and STYPE__ see the file documentation/regression/location/scanner/scanner.h). Note that the only required modification in all these cases is to append two underscores to the previously defined identifiers. * The grammar file may now be split into several grammar specification files. The directive %include may be specified to include grammar files into other grammar files (much like the way C/C++'s #include preprocessor directive operates). Starting point of the grammar recognized by Bisonc++ 2.0.0 is the file parser/grammar, using subfiles in the parser/spec directory. The file README.parser documents the grammar specification files in some detail. * Previous releases implicitly enforced several restrictions on the identifiers used for the grammar's tokens. These restrictions resulted from name collisions with names defined in the parser's base class. While the restrictions cannot be completely resolved without giving up backward compatibility, they can be relieved greatly. Tokens cannot be ABORT, ACCEPT, ERROR, clearin, debug, error and setDebug. Furthermore, tokens should not end in two underscores (__). * Implemented various new options and directives: - the option --analyze-only, merely analyzing the provided grammar, not writing any source or header files. - the option --error-verbose as well as the directive %error-verbose dumping the state-stack when a syntactic error is reported. - the option --include-only, catenating all grammar files in their order of processing to the standard output stream (and terminating). - the option --max-inclusion-depth, defining the maximum number of nested grammar files (default: 10). - the option --required-tokens (also available as the directive %required-tokens). Error recovery is now configurable in the sense that a configurable number of tokens must have been successfully processed before new error messages can be generated (see documentation/manual/error/intro.yo) - the option --scanner-debug writing the contents and locations (in scanner/lexer) of matched regular expresions as well as the names/values of returned tokens to the standard error stream. - the option --skeleton-directory. This option overrides the default location of the director containing the skeleton files. In turn it is overridden by the options specifying specific skeleton files (e.g., --baseclass-skeleton). - the option --thread-safe. If specified, Bisonc++ will generate code that is thread-safe. I.e., no static data will be modified by the parse() function. As a consequence, all static data in the file containing the parse() function are defined as const. Manpage and manual adapted accordingly. * As a convenience, filenames in the grammar files may optionally be surrounded by double quotes ("...") or pointed brackets <...>. Delimiting pointed brackets are only kept with the %scanner and %baseclass-preinclude directives, in all other cases they are replaced by double quotes and a warning is displayed. * Token Handling in the generated parsing member function was improved: the share/bisonc++.cc skeleton now defines pushToken__() and popToken__() as the standard interface to the tiny two-element token stack. The member nextToken() was redesigned. * Documentation was extended and updated. The Bisonc++ manual now contains an extensive description of the grammar-analysis process as implemented in Bisonc++ (see documentation/manual/algorith.yo). All new options and directives, as well as the token-name requirements are covered by the man-page and by the manual. * Various other repairs and cosmetic changes: - The --construction option as implemented in Bisonc++ 1.6.1 showed the FIRST set where the FOLLOW set was labeled. Repaired: now the FOLLOW set is actually displayed. - The --show-filenames option now shows `(not requested)' as default for d_verboseName instead of `-' if no --verbose was requested. - The --construction option no longer displays the `LA expanded' value from the state's descriptions since it's always 0 - The --class-name option was not actually mentioned in the set of recognized long options: repaired. - The %type directive now allows you to specify semantic type associations of terminal tokens as well. - The %token, %left, %right and %nonassoc directives now all use the same syntax (as they always should have). These directives all define terminal tokens - Added `rebuild' command to the `build' script to recreate the parser bisonc++ (1.6.1) * Changed the error recovery procedure preventing stack underflows with unrecoverable input errors. * Added protected parser base class member checkEOF(), terminating the parse() member's activities (man-page adapted accordingly). * Changed small support member functions in the share/bisonc++.cc skeleton file into inline members, some were moved to share/bisonc++base.h * The skeleton files now use `\@' as baseclass-flag rather than `@'. The baseclass-flag is now defined as a static data member in Generator. This change prevents the `@' in e-mail addresses from being changed into the parser's class name. * Removed the class Support since it is now covered by Bobcat's (1.15.0) default implementation of FBB::TableSupport bisonc++ (1.6.0) * NOTE: THE PROTOTYPE OF THE PARSER'S lookup() FUNCTION CHANGED. IT IS NOW: int lookup(bool recovery); OLD parser.h HEADER FILES CAN BE REUSED AFTER ADDING THE PARAMETER bool recovery * Segfaults were caused by some grammars due to an erroneous index in (formerly state/setitems.cc) state/adddependents.cc, where idx, representing an index in d_itemVector was used to index an element in d_nextVector (for which the index variable `nextIdx' should have been used. Repaired. * For some unknown reason, priority and association rules were not implemented in earlier versions of bisonc++. Consequently priority and association values of rules were left at their default values. This was repaired by defining the function Rules::updatePrecedences(), which defines priorities of productions as either their values assigned by a %prec specification or as the priority of their first terminal token. * The accepting State no longer has default reductions. It doesn't need them since EOF__ in those states terminates the parser. Accepting States now have search sentinels, allowing the parser to do proper error recovery. * The implementation of the shift/reduce algorithm and error handling in share/bisonc++.cc was modified, now using bitflags indicating state-requirements (e.g., requiring a token, having a default reduction, having an `error' continuation, etc.). Also, the functions nextToken() and lookup() were reimplemented. * The share/bisonc++.cc parser function skeleton's initial comment was improved. * The function state/state1.cc contained the superfluous intialization d_itemVector(0). The line has been removed. * The class `Rules' lacked facilities to detect properly whether a grammar file without rules was specified. Solved by defining a Rules constructor and an additional member indicating whether there weree any rules at all. * In grammar files, rules must now be terminated by a semicolon. Previous versions did not explicitly check this. Also, improperly formed character-tokens are now recognized as errors. * In correspondence with bison, the default verbose grammar output file is now called .output rather than .output * The description of the State information shown when --construction is specified was clarified. * The debug output generated by parse.cc was improved. * The setDebug() member is now a public member. Manual page and documentation changed accordingly. * The description of the setItems() algorithm in state/setItems was improved. * The `build' script was given an additional command (installprog) to install just the program and the skeletons. * Added several missing headers fixing gcc/g++ 4.3 problems -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 09 Apr 2007 14:54:46 +0200 bisonc++ (1.5.3) * Using Bobcat's FnWrap* classes instead of Bobcat's Wrap* classes * The INSTALL.im file has received a (by default commented out) #define PROFILE. By activating this define, bisonc++ is compiled with support for the gprof profiler. This define should not be activated for production versions of bisonc++ * Not released. -- Frank B. Brokken Sat, 17 Feb 2007 20:44:19 +0100 bisonc++ (1.5.2) * It turns out that the modification in 1.5.1. is not necessary. The compilation problems mentioned there were the result of a presumed small g++ compiler bug. A workaround is implemented in Bobcat 1.12.1, preventing the bug from occurring. In fact, this release has the same contents as release 1.5.0. Release 1.5.1. can be considered obsolete. It is available from the svn repository only. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 30 Nov 2006 17:05:09 +0100 bisonc++ (1.5.1) * Building the usage support program failed because of implied dependencies on the bobcat library, resulting from superfluously including bobcat.h in the documentation/usage/usage.cc program source. This is solved by setting bisonc++.h's include guard identifier just before inserting ../../usage.cc in the documentation/usage/usage.cc program source. bisonc++ (1.5.0) * The algorithms for lookahead propagation and detection of grammars not deriving sentences have been redesigned and rewritten. The previously used algorithm propagating lookaheads suffered from spurious reduce/reduce conflicts for some grammars (e.g., see the one in documentation/regression/icmake1). Also, 1.4.0 choked on a (fairly) complex grammar like the one used by icmake V 7.00. These problems are now solved, and comparable problems should no longer occur. The layout and organization of the output has been changed as well. Now there are basically three forms of verbose output: No verbose output, in which the file *.output is not written, standard verbose output, in which an overview of the essential parts of the grammar is written to the file *.output, and --construction, in which case all lookaheadsets, as well as the first and follow sets are written to *.output. Multiple new classes were added, and some previously existing classes were removed. See the file README.class-setup and the file CLASSES for details. The man-page and manual were adapted on minor points. bisonc++ (1.4.0) * It turned out that in the previous versions, S/R conflicts were also produced for empty default reductions. Now detectSR() checks whether there is one empty reduction. If so, no S/R conflicts are possible in that state. Instead a SHIFT (which is already the default solution of a S/R conflict) is performed in these situations. So, now for all tokens for which a known continuation state exist the known continuation state is selected; for all other tokens the default reduction (reducing to its associated state) is selected. See state/detectsr.cc for details. Since the above change also represents a change of algorithm, the subversion was incremented. I added a sub-subversion to have a separate level of version-numbers for minor modifications. The documentation/regression/run script did not properly return to its initial working directory, and it called a test that no longer existed. Both errors have been repaired. Some leftover references to the Academic Free License were replaced by references to the GPL. The previously used scripts below make/ are obsolete and were removed from this and future distributions. Icmake should be used instead, for which a top-level script (build) and support scripts in the ./icmake/ directory are available. Icmake is available on a great many architectures. See the file INSTALL (and INSTALL.im, replacing the previously used INSTALL.cf) for further details. All plain `unsigned' variables were changed to `size_t' bisonc++ (1.03-1) unstable; urgency=low * License changed to the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE. See the file `copyright'. According to the manual page, the debug-output generated by parsers created using the --debug option should be user-controllable through the `setDebug()' member. These feature is now actually implemented. The usage info now correctly shows the -V flag as a synonym for the --verbose option. From now on this file will contain the `upstream' changes. The Debian related changes are in changelog.Debian.gz -- Frank B. Brokken Wed, 19 Jul 2006 13:12:39 +0200 bisonc++ (1.02) unstable; urgency=low * Following suggestions made by George Danchev, this version was compiled by the unstable's g++ compiler (version >= 4.1), which unveiled several flaws in the library's class header files. These flaws were removed (i.e., repaired). In order to facilitate compiler selection, the compiler to use is defined in the INSTALL.cf file. The debian control-files (i.e., all files under the debian subdirectory) were removed from the source distribution, which is now also named in accordance with the Debian policy. A diff.gz file was added. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 6 Jul 2006 12:41:43 +0200 bisonc++ (1.01) unstable; urgency=low * Synchronized the version back to numbers-only, adapted the debian standards and the required bobcat library in the debian/control file. No implementation changes as compared to the previous version, but I felt the need to join various sub-sub-versions back to just one standard version. -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 26 Jun 2006 12:11:15 +0200 bisonc++ (1.00a) unstable; urgency=low * Debian's Linda and lintian errors, warnings and notes processed. No messages are generated by linda and lintian in this version. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 28 May 2006 14:26:03 +0200 bisonc++ (1.00) unstable; urgency=low * Bisonc++ Version 1.00 has changed markedly as compared to its predecessor, bisonc++ 0.98.510. The main reason for upgrading to 1.00 following a year of testing the 0.98 series is that the grammar analysis and lookahead propagation algorithms as used in bisonc++ 0.98.510 were either too cumbersome and contained some unfortunate errors. The errors were discovered during my 2005-2006 C++ class, where some students produced grammars which were simple, but were incorrectly analyzed by bisonc++ 0.98. It turned out that the lookahead (LA) propagation contained several flaws. Furthermore, a plain and simple bug assigned the last-used priority to terminal tokens appearing literally in the grammar (i.e., without explicitly defining them in a %token or comparable directive). A simple, but potentially very confusing bug. At the cosmetic level, the information produced with the --construction option was modified, aiming at better legibility of the construction process. The `examples' directory was reduced in size, moving most examples to a new directory `regression', which now contains a script `run' that can be used to try each of the examples below the `regression' directory. Some of the examples call `bison', so in order to run those examples `bison' must be installed as well. It usually is. A minor backward IN-compatibility results from a change in prototype of some private parser member functions. This should only affect exising Parser.h header files. Simply replacing the `support functions for parse()' section shown at the end of the header file by the following lines should make your header file up-to-date again. Note that bisonc++ does not by itself rewrite Parser.h to prevent undoing any modifications you may have implemented in the parser-class header file: // support functions for parse(): void executeAction(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery(); int lookup(); void nextToken(); Please note that this version depends on bobcat 1.7.1 or beyond. If you compile bobcat yourself, then you may want to know that bobcat's Milter and Xpointer classes are not used by bisonc++, so they could optionally be left out of bobcat's compilation. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 7 May 2006 15:10:05 +0200 bisonc++ (0.98.510) unstable; urgency=low * When no %union has been declared, no $$ warnings are issued anymore about non-exisiting types; When no %union has been declared a $i or $$ warning is issued about non-exisiting types. The State table (in the generated parse.cc file) containing `PARSE_ACCEPT' was created with a `REDUCE' indication for grammars whose start symbol's production rules were non-repetitive. This was repaired in state/writestatearray.cc by setting the (positive) non-reduce indication for states using shifts and/or the accept state. The logic in writeStateArray() was modifed: a separate ShiftReduce::Status variable is now used to store the possible actions: SHIFT, REDUCE or ACCEPT. The tables show `SHIFTS' if a state uses shifts; `ACCEPTS' if a state contains PARSE_ACCEPT; and `REDUCE' otherwise. -- Frank B. Brokken Tue, 21 Mar 2006 20:47:49 +0100 bisonc++ (0.98.500) unstable; urgency=low * Handling of $i and $$ repaired, added the %negative-dollar-indices directive. $ specifications were not properly parsed. Instead of $i or $$ constructions like $i and $$ were parsed, which is contrary to the manual's specification. The function parsing the $-values is defined in parser/handledollar.cc. The handling of negative $-indices is improved. Negative $-indices are used when synthesizing attributes. In that context, $0 is useful, since it refers to the nonterminal matched before the current rule is starting to be used, allowing rules like `vardef: typename varlist ' where `varlist' inherits the type specification defined at `typename'. In most situations indices are positive. Therefore bisonc++ will warn when zero or non-positive $-indices are seen. The %negative-dollar-indices directive may be used to suppress these warnings. $-indices exceeding the number of elements continue to cause an error. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 5 Mar 2006 13:59:08 +0100 bisonc++ (0.98.402) unstable; urgency=low * links against bobcat 1.6.0, using bobcat's new Arg:: interface -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 26 Dec 2005 19:25:42 +0100 bisonc++ (0.98.400) unstable; urgency=low * state/writestatearray.cc adds {} around individual union values to allow warningless compilation of the generated parse.cc file by g++-4.0. bisonc++ is now itself too compiled by g++-4.0. -- Frank B. Brokken Fri, 18 Nov 2005 22:46:06 +0100 bisonc++ (0.98.007) unstable; urgency=low * Added a README.flex file giving some background information about the provided implementation of the lexical scanner (bisonc++/scanner/yylex.cc) Modified the compilation scripts: bisconc++/flex/FlexLexer.h is now included by default. This FlexLexer.h file is expected by bisonc++/scanner/yylex.cc and by the Scanner class. Simplified some compilation scripts. -- Frank B. Brokken Fri, 9 Sep 2005 11:42:24 +0200 bisonc++ (0.98.006) unstable; urgency=low * Removed the dependency on `icmake'. No change of functionality See the instructions in the `INSTALL' file when you want to compile and install `bisonc++' yourself, rather than using the binary (.deb) distribution. -- Frank B. Brokken Sat, 3 Sep 2005 17:42:29 +0200 bisonc++ (0.98.005) unstable; urgency=low * Removed the classes Arg, Errno, Msg and Wrap1, using the Bobcat library's versions of these classes from now on. No feature-changes. Added minor modifications to the `build' script. Annoying Error: The function `ItemSets::deriveAction()' did not recognize the `ACCEPT' action, so some (most ?) grammars could not be properly recognized. I applied a quick hack: if an action isn't `shift' or `reduce', it can be `accept', resulting in acceptance of the grammar. This solves the actual problem, but I'll have to insepct this in a bit more detail. For now, it should work ok. -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 22 Aug 2005 13:05:28 +0200 bisonc++ (0.98.004) unstable; urgency=low * When new lookahead set elements are added to existing states, d_recheckState in itemsets/lookaheads.cc (ItemSets::checkLookaheads()) was reassigned to the state index whose lookaheadset was enlarged. However, if that happened for existing state `i' and then, during the same state-inspection, for state `j' where j > i, then the recheck would start at `j' rather than `i'. This problem was solved by giving d_recheckState only a lower value than its current value. With R/R conflicts involving `ACCEPT' reductions (with, e.g., `S_$: S .'), ACCEPT is selected as the chosen alternative. See State::setReduce() (state/setreduce.cc). Since this matches with the `first reduction rule' principle, it should be ok. %stype specifications may consist of multiple elements: the remainder of the line beyond %stype is interpreted as the type definition. The specification should (therefore) not contain comment or other characters that are not part of the actual type definition. The man-page is adapted accordingly. Same holds true for the %ltype directive Added a check whether the grammar derives a sentence (itemsets/derivesentence.cc). If not, a fatal error is issued. This happens at the end of the program's actions, and at this point files etc. have already been generated. They are kept rather than removed for further reference. Grammars not deriving sentences should probably not be used. The original Bison documentation has been converted to a Bisonc++ user guide. Furthermore, a html-converted manual page is now available under /usr/share/doc/bisonc++/man The `calculator' example used in the man-page is now under /usr/share/doc/bisonc++/man/calculator Bisonc++ is distributed under the Academic Free License, see the file COPYING in /usr/share/doc/bisonc++ -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 7 Aug 2005 13:49:07 +0200 bisonc++ (0.98.003) unstable; urgency=low * Incomplete default State constructor now explicitly defined, prevents the incidental erroneous rapporting of conflicts for some states. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 26 May 2005 07:21:20 +0200 bisonc++ (0.98.002) unstable; urgency=low * The Wrap1 configurable unary predicate template class replaces various other templates (WrapStatic, Wrap, Pred1Wrap). No further usage or implementation changes/modifications. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 22 May 2005 15:27:19 +0200 bisonc++ (0.98.001) unstable; urgency=low * This is a complete rewrite of the former bisonc++ (0.91) version. The program bisonc++ is now a C++ program, producing C++ sources, using the algorithm for creating LALR-1 grammars as outlined by Aho, Sethi and Ullman's (1986) `Dragon' book. The release number will remain 0.98 for a while, and 0.98.001 holds the initial package, new style. Also see the man-page, since some things have been changed (augmented) since the previous version. No dramatic changes in the grammar specification method: Bisonc++ still uses bison's way to specify grammars, but some features, already obsolete in bisonc++ 0.91 were removed. Also note my e-mail address: the U. of Groningen's official policy now is to remove department specific information, so it's `@rug.nl' rather than `@rc.rug.nl', as used before. -- Frank B. Brokken Mon, 16 May 2005 13:39:38 +0200 bisonc++ (0.91) unstable; urgency=low * Added several missing short options (like -B etc) to the getopt() function call. I forgot to add them to the previous version(s). Internally, all old C style allocations were changed to C++ style allocations, using operators new and delete. Where it was immediately obvious that a vector could be used, I now use vectors. The internally used types `core' `shifts' and 'reductions' (types.h) now use a vector data member rather than an int [1] member, which is then allocated to its proper (I may hope) size when the structs are allocated. -- Frank B. Brokken Sat, 19 Feb 2005 10:21:58 +0100 bisonc++ (0.90) unstable; urgency=low * Command-line options now override matching declarations specified in the grammar specification file. All %define declarations have been removed. Instead their first arguments are now used to specify declarations. E.g., %parser-skeleton instead of %define parser-skeleton. All declarations use lower-case letters, and use only separating hyphens, no underscores. E.g., %lsp-needed rather than %define LSP_NEEDED The declaration %class-name replaces the former %name declaration All yy and YY name prefixes of symbols defined by bisonc++ have been removed. The parser-state `yydefault' has been renamed to `defaultstate'. -- Frank B. Brokken Sun, 6 Feb 2005 12:50:40 +0100 bisonc++ (0.82) unstable; urgency=low * Added d_nError as protected data member to the base class. Missed it during the initial conversion. d_nErrors counts the number of parsing errors. Replaces yynerrs from bison(++) -- Frank B. Brokken Sat, 29 Jan 2005 18:58:24 +0100 bisonc++ (0.81) unstable; urgency=low * Added the option --show-files to display the names of the files that are used or generated by bisonc++. -- Frank B. Brokken Fri, 28 Jan 2005 14:50:48 +0100 bisonc++ (0.80) unstable; urgency=low * Completed the initial debian release. No changes in the software. -- Frank B. Brokken Fri, 28 Jan 2005 14:30:05 +0100 bisonc++ (0.70-1) unstable; urgency=low * Initial Release. -- Frank B. Brokken Thu, 27 Jan 2005 22:34:50 +0100 bisonc++-6.09.01/CLASSES0000664000175000017500000000227214700504612013302 0ustar frankfrankatdollar // block // atdollar // element // firstset // element symbol // firstset terminal // symbol // production // block terminal // nonterminal // production // symtab // nonterminal rules // nonterminal // grammar // rules // lookaheadset // grammar // item // lookaheadset rrdata // lookaheadset // rmreduction // rmshift // // stateitem // item rrdata rmshift rmreduction // rrconflict // stateitem // enumsolution // statetype // // next // enumsolution statetype stateitem // srconflict // next // state // srconflict rrconflict // writer // state // options // // scanner // block options // generator // writer options // parser // scanner rules symtab bisonc++-6.09.01/CLASSES.bobcat0000664000175000017500000000013214700504612014524 0ustar frankfrankalign arg datetime exception indent mstream pattern ranger stat string table tablesupport bisonc++-6.09.01/c++std.OBS0000664000175000017500000000003614700504612013706 0ustar frankfrank#define CPPSTD "--std=c++20" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612015130 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/html/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612016074 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/html/bison_6.html0000664000175000017500000023106514700504612020330 0ustar frankfrank Bison 2.21.5: Grammar File
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3. Bison Grammar Files

Bison takes as input a context-free grammar specification and produces a C-language function that recognizes correct instances of the grammar.

The Bison grammar input file conventionally has a name ending in `.y'.

3.1 Outline of a Bison Grammar  Overall layout of the grammar file.
3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal  Terminal and nonterminal symbols.
3.3 Syntax of Grammar Rules  How to write grammar rules.
3.4 Recursive Rules  Writing recursive rules.
3.5 Defining Language Semantics  Semantic values and actions.
3.6 Bison Declarations  All kinds of Bison declarations are described here.
3.7 Multiple Parsers in the Same Program  Putting more than one Bison parser in one program.

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3.1 Outline of a Bison Grammar

A Bison grammar file has four main sections, shown here with the appropriate delimiters:

 
%{
C declarations
%}

Bison declarations

%%
Grammar rules
%%

Additional C code

Comments enclosed in `/* ... */' may appear in any of the sections.

3.1.1 The C Declarations Section  Syntax and usage of the C declarations section.
3.1.2 The Bison Declarations Section  Syntax and usage of the Bison declarations section.
3.1.3 The Grammar Rules Section  Syntax and usage of the grammar rules section.
3.1.4 The Additional C Code Section  Syntax and usage of the additional C code section.

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3.1.1 The C Declarations Section

The C declarations section contains macro definitions and declarations of functions and variables that are used in the actions in the grammar rules. These are copied to the beginning of the parser file so that they precede the definition of yyparse. You can use `#include' to get the declarations from a header file. If you don't need any C declarations, you may omit the `%{' and `%}' delimiters that bracket this section.

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3.1.2 The Bison Declarations Section

The Bison declarations section contains declarations that define terminal and nonterminal symbols, specify precedence, and so on. In some simple grammars you may not need any declarations. See section Bison Declarations.

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3.1.3 The Grammar Rules Section

The grammar rules section contains one or more Bison grammar rules, and nothing else. See section Syntax of Grammar Rules.

There must always be at least one grammar rule, and the first `%%' (which precedes the grammar rules) may never be omitted even if it is the first thing in the file.

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3.1.4 The Additional C Code Section

The additional C code section is copied verbatim to the end of the parser file, just as the C declarations section is copied to the beginning. This is the most convenient place to put anything that you want to have in the parser file but which need not come before the definition of yyparse. For example, the definitions of yylex and yyerror often go here. See section Parser C-Language Interface.

If the last section is empty, you may omit the `%%' that separates it from the grammar rules.

The Bison parser itself contains many static variables whose names start with `yy' and many macros whose names start with `YY'. It is a good idea to avoid using any such names (except those documented in this manual) in the additional C code section of the grammar file.

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3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal

Symbols in Bison grammars represent the grammatical classifications of the language.

A terminal symbol (also known as a token type) represents a class of syntactically equivalent tokens. You use the symbol in grammar rules to mean that a token in that class is allowed. The symbol is represented in the Bison parser by a numeric code, and the yylex function returns a token type code to indicate what kind of token has been read. You don't need to know what the code value is; you can use the symbol to stand for it.

A nonterminal symbol stands for a class of syntactically equivalent groupings. The symbol name is used in writing grammar rules. By convention, it should be all lower case.

Symbol names can contain letters, digits (not at the beginning), underscores and periods. Periods make sense only in nonterminals.

There are three ways of writing terminal symbols in the grammar:

  • A named token type is written with an identifier, like an identifier in C. By convention, it should be all upper case. Each such name must be defined with a Bison declaration such as %token. See section Token Type Names.

  • A character token type (or literal character token) is written in the grammar using the same syntax used in C for character constants; for example, '+' is a character token type. A character token type doesn't need to be declared unless you need to specify its semantic value data type (see section Data Types of Semantic Values), associativity, or precedence (see section Operator Precedence).

    By convention, a character token type is used only to represent a token that consists of that particular character. Thus, the token type '+' is used to represent the character `+' as a token. Nothing enforces this convention, but if you depart from it, your program will confuse other readers.

    All the usual escape sequences used in character literals in C can be used in Bison as well, but you must not use the null character as a character literal because its ASCII code, zero, is the code yylex returns for end-of-input (see section Calling Convention for yylex).

  • A literal string token is written like a C string constant; for example, "<=" is a literal string token. A literal string token doesn't need to be declared unless you need to specify its semantic value data type (see section 3.5.1 Data Types of Semantic Values), associativity, precedence (see section 5.3 Operator Precedence).

    You can associate the literal string token with a symbolic name as an alias, using the %token declaration (see section Token Declarations). If you don't do that, the lexical analyzer has to retrieve the token number for the literal string token from the yytname table (see section 4.2.1 Calling Convention for yylex).

    WARNING: literal string tokens do not work in Yacc.

    By convention, a literal string token is used only to represent a token that consists of that particular string. Thus, you should use the token type "<=" to represent the string `<=' as a token. Bison does not enforces this convention, but if you depart from it, people who read your program will be confused.

    All the escape sequences used in string literals in C can be used in Bison as well. A literal string token must contain two or more characters; for a token containing just one character, use a character token (see above).

How you choose to write a terminal symbol has no effect on its grammatical meaning. That depends only on where it appears in rules and on when the parser function returns that symbol.

The value returned by yylex is always one of the terminal symbols (or 0 for end-of-input). Whichever way you write the token type in the grammar rules, you write it the same way in the definition of yylex. The numeric code for a character token type is simply the ASCII code for the character, so yylex can use the identical character constant to generate the requisite code. Each named token type becomes a C macro in the parser file, so yylex can use the name to stand for the code. (This is why periods don't make sense in terminal symbols.) See section Calling Convention for yylex.

If yylex is defined in a separate file, you need to arrange for the token-type macro definitions to be available there. Use the `-d' option when you run Bison, so that it will write these macro definitions into a separate header file `name.tab.h' which you can include in the other source files that need it. See section Invoking Bison.

The symbol error is a terminal symbol reserved for error recovery (see section 6. Error Recovery); you shouldn't use it for any other purpose. In particular, yylex should never return this value.

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3.3 Syntax of Grammar Rules

A Bison grammar rule has the following general form:

 
result: components...
        ;

where result is the nonterminal symbol that this rule describes and components are various terminal and nonterminal symbols that are put together by this rule (see section 3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal).

For example,

 
exp:      exp '+' exp
        ;

says that two groupings of type exp, with a `+' token in between, can be combined into a larger grouping of type exp.

Whitespace in rules is significant only to separate symbols. You can add extra whitespace as you wish.

Scattered among the components can be actions that determine the semantics of the rule. An action looks like this:

 
{C statements}

Usually there is only one action and it follows the components. See section 3.5.3 Actions.

Multiple rules for the same result can be written separately or can be joined with the vertical-bar character `|' as follows:

 
result:   rule1-components...
        | rule2-components...
        ...
        ;

They are still considered distinct rules even when joined in this way.

If components in a rule is empty, it means that result can match the empty string. For example, here is how to define a comma-separated sequence of zero or more exp groupings:

 
expseq:   /* empty */
        | expseq1
        ;

expseq1:  exp
        | expseq1 ',' exp
        ;

It is customary to write a comment `/* empty */' in each rule with no components.

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3.4 Recursive Rules

A rule is called recursive when its result nonterminal appears also on its right hand side. Nearly all Bison grammars need to use recursion, because that is the only way to define a sequence of any number of somethings. Consider this recursive definition of a comma-separated sequence of one or more expressions:

 
expseq1:  exp
        | expseq1 ',' exp
        ;

Since the recursive use of expseq1 is the leftmost symbol in the right hand side, we call this left recursion. By contrast, here the same construct is defined using right recursion:

 
expseq1:  exp
        | exp ',' expseq1
        ;

Any kind of sequence can be defined using either left recursion or right recursion, but you should always use left recursion, because it can parse a sequence of any number of elements with bounded stack space. Right recursion uses up space on the Bison stack in proportion to the number of elements in the sequence, because all the elements must be shifted onto the stack before the rule can be applied even once. See section The Bison Parser Algorithm , for further explanation of this.

Indirect or mutual recursion occurs when the result of the rule does not appear directly on its right hand side, but does appear in rules for other nonterminals which do appear on its right hand side.

For example:

 
expr:     primary
        | primary '+' primary
        ;

primary:  constant
        | '(' expr ')'
        ;

defines two mutually-recursive nonterminals, since each refers to the other.

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3.5 Defining Language Semantics

The grammar rules for a language determine only the syntax. The semantics are determined by the semantic values associated with various tokens and groupings, and by the actions taken when various groupings are recognized.

For example, the calculator calculates properly because the value associated with each expression is the proper number; it adds properly because the action for the grouping `x + y' is to add the numbers associated with x and y.

3.5.1 Data Types of Semantic Values  Specifying one data type for all semantic values.
3.5.2 More Than One Value Type  Specifying several alternative data types.
3.5.3 Actions  An action is the semantic definition of a grammar rule.
3.5.4 Data Types of Values in Actions  Specifying data types for actions to operate on.
3.5.5 Actions in Mid-Rule  Most actions go at the end of a rule. This says when, why and how to use the exceptional action in the middle of a rule.

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3.5.1 Data Types of Semantic Values

In a simple program it may be sufficient to use the same data type for the semantic values of all language constructs. This was true in the RPN and infix calculator examples (see section Reverse Polish Notation Calculator).

Bison's default is to use type int for all semantic values. To specify some other type, define YYSTYPE as a macro, like this:

 
#define YYSTYPE double

This macro definition must go in the C declarations section of the grammar file (see section Outline of a Bison Grammar).

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3.5.2 More Than One Value Type

In most programs, you will need different data types for different kinds of tokens and groupings. For example, a numeric constant may need type int or long, while a string constant needs type char *, and an identifier might need a pointer to an entry in the symbol table.

To use more than one data type for semantic values in one parser, Bison requires you to do two things:

  • Specify the entire collection of possible data types, with the %union Bison declaration (see section The Collection of Value Types).

  • Choose one of those types for each symbol (terminal or nonterminal) for which semantic values are used. This is done for tokens with the %token Bison declaration (see section Token Type Names) and for groupings with the %type Bison declaration (see section Nonterminal Symbols).

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3.5.3 Actions

An action accompanies a syntactic rule and contains C code to be executed each time an instance of that rule is recognized. The task of most actions is to compute a semantic value for the grouping built by the rule from the semantic values associated with tokens or smaller groupings.

An action consists of C statements surrounded by braces, much like a compound statement in C. It can be placed at any position in the rule; it is executed at that position. Most rules have just one action at the end of the rule, following all the components. Actions in the middle of a rule are tricky and used only for special purposes (see section Actions in Mid-Rule).

The C code in an action can refer to the semantic values of the components matched by the rule with the construct $n, which stands for the value of the nth component. The semantic value for the grouping being constructed is $$. (Bison translates both of these constructs into array element references when it copies the actions into the parser file.)

Here is a typical example:

 
exp:    ...
        | exp '+' exp
            { $$ = $1 + $3; }

This rule constructs an exp from two smaller exp groupings connected by a plus-sign token. In the action, $1 and $3 refer to the semantic values of the two component exp groupings, which are the first and third symbols on the right hand side of the rule. The sum is stored into $$ so that it becomes the semantic value of the addition-expression just recognized by the rule. If there were a useful semantic value associated with the `+' token, it could be referred to as $2.

If you don't specify an action for a rule, Bison supplies a default: $$ = $1. Thus, the value of the first symbol in the rule becomes the value of the whole rule. Of course, the default rule is valid only if the two data types match. There is no meaningful default action for an empty rule; every empty rule must have an explicit action unless the rule's value does not matter.

$n with n zero or negative is allowed for reference to tokens and groupings on the stack before those that match the current rule. This is a very risky practice, and to use it reliably you must be certain of the context in which the rule is applied. Here is a case in which you can use this reliably:

 
foo:      expr bar '+' expr  { ... }
        | expr bar '-' expr  { ... }
        ;

bar:      /* empty */
        { previous_expr = $0; }
        ;

As long as bar is used only in the fashion shown here, $0 always refers to the expr which precedes bar in the definition of foo.

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3.5.4 Data Types of Values in Actions

If you have chosen a single data type for semantic values, the $$ and $n constructs always have that data type.

If you have used %union to specify a variety of data types, then you must declare a choice among these types for each terminal or nonterminal symbol that can have a semantic value. Then each time you use $$ or $n, its data type is determined by which symbol it refers to in the rule. In this example,

 
exp:    ...
        | exp '+' exp
            { $$ = $1 + $3; }

$1 and $3 refer to instances of exp, so they all have the data type declared for the nonterminal symbol exp. If $2 were used, it would have the data type declared for the terminal symbol '+', whatever that might be.

Alternatively, you can specify the data type when you refer to the value, by inserting `<type>' after the `$' at the beginning of the reference. For example, if you have defined types as shown here:

 
%union {
  int itype;
  double dtype;
}

then you can write $<itype>1 to refer to the first subunit of the rule as an integer, or $<dtype>1 to refer to it as a double.

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3.5.5 Actions in Mid-Rule

Occasionally it is useful to put an action in the middle of a rule. These actions are written just like usual end-of-rule actions, but they are executed before the parser even recognizes the following components.

A mid-rule action may refer to the components preceding it using $n, but it may not refer to subsequent components because it is run before they are parsed.

The mid-rule action itself counts as one of the components of the rule. This makes a difference when there is another action later in the same rule (and usually there is another at the end): you have to count the actions along with the symbols when working out which number n to use in $n.

The mid-rule action can also have a semantic value. The action can set its value with an assignment to $$, and actions later in the rule can refer to the value using $n. Since there is no symbol to name the action, there is no way to declare a data type for the value in advance, so you must use the `$<...>' construct to specify a data type each time you refer to this value.

There is no way to set the value of the entire rule with a mid-rule action, because assignments to $$ do not have that effect. The only way to set the value for the entire rule is with an ordinary action at the end of the rule.

Here is an example from a hypothetical compiler, handling a let statement that looks like `let (variable) statement' and serves to create a variable named variable temporarily for the duration of statement. To parse this construct, we must put variable into the symbol table while statement is parsed, then remove it afterward. Here is how it is done:

 
stmt:   LET '(' var ')'
                { $<context>$ = push_context ();
                  declare_variable ($3); }
        stmt    { $$ = $6;
                  pop_context ($<context>5); }

As soon as `let (variable)' has been recognized, the first action is run. It saves a copy of the current semantic context (the list of accessible variables) as its semantic value, using alternative context in the data-type union. Then it calls declare_variable to add the new variable to that list. Once the first action is finished, the embedded statement stmt can be parsed. Note that the mid-rule action is component number 5, so the `stmt' is component number 6.

After the embedded statement is parsed, its semantic value becomes the value of the entire let-statement. Then the semantic value from the earlier action is used to restore the prior list of variables. This removes the temporary let-variable from the list so that it won't appear to exist while the rest of the program is parsed.

Taking action before a rule is completely recognized often leads to conflicts since the parser must commit to a parse in order to execute the action. For example, the following two rules, without mid-rule actions, can coexist in a working parser because the parser can shift the open-brace token and look at what follows before deciding whether there is a declaration or not:

 
compound: '{' declarations statements '}'
        | '{' statements '}'
        ;

But when we add a mid-rule action as follows, the rules become nonfunctional:

 
compound: { prepare_for_local_variables (); }
          '{' declarations statements '}'
        | '{' statements '}'
        ;

Now the parser is forced to decide whether to run the mid-rule action when it has read no farther than the open-brace. In other words, it must commit to using one rule or the other, without sufficient information to do it correctly. (The open-brace token is what is called the look-ahead token at this time, since the parser is still deciding what to do about it. See section Look-Ahead Tokens.)

You might think that you could correct the problem by putting identical actions into the two rules, like this:

 
compound: { prepare_for_local_variables (); }
          '{' declarations statements '}'
        | { prepare_for_local_variables (); }
          '{' statements '}'
        ;

But this does not help, because Bison does not realize that the two actions are identical. (Bison never tries to understand the C code in an action.)

If the grammar is such that a declaration can be distinguished from a statement by the first token (which is true in C), then one solution which does work is to put the action after the open-brace, like this:

 
compound: '{' { prepare_for_local_variables (); }
          declarations statements '}'
        | '{' statements '}'
        ;

Now the first token of the following declaration or statement, which would in any case tell Bison which rule to use, can still do so.

Another solution is to bury the action inside a nonterminal symbol which serves as a subroutine:

 
subroutine: /* empty */
          { prepare_for_local_variables (); }
        ;


compound: subroutine
          '{' declarations statements '}'
        | subroutine
          '{' statements '}'
        ;

Now Bison can execute the action in the rule for subroutine without deciding which rule for compound it will eventually use. Note that the action is now at the end of its rule. Any mid-rule action can be converted to an end-of-rule action in this way, and this is what Bison actually does to implement mid-rule actions.

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3.6 Bison Declarations

The Bison declarations section of a Bison grammar defines the symbols used in formulating the grammar and the data types of semantic values. See section 3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal.

All token type names (but not single-character literal tokens such as '+' and '*') must be declared. Nonterminal symbols must be declared if you need to specify which data type to use for the semantic value (see section More Than One Value Type).

The first rule in the file also specifies the start symbol, by default. If you want some other symbol to be the start symbol, you must declare it explicitly (see section Languages and Context-Free Grammars).

3.6.1 Token Type Names  Declaring terminal symbols.
3.6.2 Operator Precedence  Declaring terminals with precedence and associativity.
3.6.3 The Collection of Value Types  Declaring the set of all semantic value types.
3.6.4 Nonterminal Symbols  Declaring the choice of type for a nonterminal symbol.
3.6.5 Suppressing Conflict Warnings  Suppressing warnings about shift/reduce conflicts.
3.6.6 The Start-Symbol  Specifying the start symbol.
3.6.7 A Pure (Reentrant) Parser  Requesting a reentrant parser.
3.6.8 Bison Declaration Summary  Table of all Bison declarations.

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3.6.1 Token Type Names

The basic way to declare a token type name (terminal symbol) is as follows:

 
%token name

Bison will convert this into a #define directive in the parser, so that the function yylex (if it is in this file) can use the name name to stand for this token type's code.

Alternatively, you can use %left, %right, or %nonassoc instead of %token, if you wish to specify precedence. See section Operator Precedence.

You can explicitly specify the numeric code for a token type by appending an integer value in the field immediately following the token name:

 
%token NUM 300

It is generally best, however, to let Bison choose the numeric codes for all token types. Bison will automatically select codes that don't conflict with each other or with ASCII characters.

In the event that the stack type is a union, you must augment the %token or other token declaration to include the data type alternative delimited by angle-brackets (see section More Than One Value Type).

For example:

 
%union {              /* define stack type */
  double val;
  symrec *tptr;
}
%token <val> NUM      /* define token NUM and its type */

You can associate a literal string token with a token type name by writing the literal string at the end of a %token declaration which declares the name. For example:

 
%token arrow "=>"

For example, a grammar for the C language might specify these names with equivalent literal string tokens:

 
%token  <operator>  OR      "||"
%token  <operator>  LE 134  "<="
%left  OR  "<="

Once you equate the literal string and the token name, you can use them interchangeably in further declarations or the grammar rules. The yylex function can use the token name or the literal string to obtain the token type code number (see section 4.2.1 Calling Convention for yylex).

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3.6.2 Operator Precedence

Use the %left, %right or %nonassoc declaration to declare a token and specify its precedence and associativity, all at once. These are called precedence declarations. See section Operator Precedence, for general information on operator precedence.

The syntax of a precedence declaration is the same as that of %token: either

 
%left symbols...

or

 
%left <type> symbols...

And indeed any of these declarations serves the purposes of %token. But in addition, they specify the associativity and relative precedence for all the symbols:

  • The associativity of an operator op determines how repeated uses of the operator nest: whether `x op y op z' is parsed by grouping x with y first or by grouping y with z first. %left specifies left-associativity (grouping x with y first) and %right specifies right-associativity (grouping y with z first). %nonassoc specifies no associativity, which means that `x op y op z' is considered a syntax error.

  • The precedence of an operator determines how it nests with other operators. All the tokens declared in a single precedence declaration have equal precedence and nest together according to their associativity. When two tokens declared in different precedence declarations associate, the one declared later has the higher precedence and is grouped first.

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3.6.3 The Collection of Value Types

The %union declaration specifies the entire collection of possible data types for semantic values. The keyword %union is followed by a pair of braces containing the same thing that goes inside a union in C.

For example:

 
%union {
  double val;
  symrec *tptr;
}

This says that the two alternative types are double and symrec *. They are given names val and tptr; these names are used in the %token and %type declarations to pick one of the types for a terminal or nonterminal symbol (see section Nonterminal Symbols).

Note that, unlike making a union declaration in C, you do not write a semicolon after the closing brace.

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3.6.4 Nonterminal Symbols

When you use %union to specify multiple value types, you must declare the value type of each nonterminal symbol for which values are used. This is done with a %type declaration, like this:

 
%type <type> nonterminal...

Here nonterminal is the name of a nonterminal symbol, and type is the name given in the %union to the alternative that you want (see section The Collection of Value Types). You can give any number of nonterminal symbols in the same %type declaration, if they have the same value type. Use spaces to separate the symbol names.

You can also declare the value type of a terminal symbol. To do this, use the same <type> construction in a declaration for the terminal symbol. All kinds of token declarations allow <type>.

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3.6.5 Suppressing Conflict Warnings

Bison normally warns if there are any conflicts in the grammar (see section Shift/Reduce Conflicts), but most real grammars have harmless shift/reduce conflicts which are resolved in a predictable way and would be difficult to eliminate. It is desirable to suppress the warning about these conflicts unless the number of conflicts changes. You can do this with the %expect declaration.

The declaration looks like this:

 
%expect n

Here n is a decimal integer. The declaration says there should be no warning if there are n shift/reduce conflicts and no reduce/reduce conflicts. The usual warning is given if there are either more or fewer conflicts, or if there are any reduce/reduce conflicts.

In general, using %expect involves these steps:

  • Compile your grammar without %expect. Use the `-v' option to get a verbose list of where the conflicts occur. Bison will also print the number of conflicts.

  • Check each of the conflicts to make sure that Bison's default resolution is what you really want. If not, rewrite the grammar and go back to the beginning.

  • Add an %expect declaration, copying the number n from the number which Bison printed.

Now Bison will stop annoying you about the conflicts you have checked, but it will warn you again if changes in the grammar result in additional conflicts.

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3.6.6 The Start-Symbol

Bison assumes by default that the start symbol for the grammar is the first nonterminal specified in the grammar specification section. The programmer may override this restriction with the %start declaration as follows:

 
%start symbol

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3.6.7 A Pure (Reentrant) Parser

A reentrant program is one which does not alter in the course of execution; in other words, it consists entirely of pure (read-only) code. Reentrancy is important whenever asynchronous execution is possible; for example, a nonreentrant program may not be safe to call from a signal handler. In systems with multiple threads of control, a nonreentrant program must be called only within interlocks.

Normally, Bison generates a parser which is not reentrant. This is suitable for most uses, and it permits compatibility with YACC. (The standard YACC interfaces are inherently nonreentrant, because they use statically allocated variables for communication with yylex, including yylval and yylloc.)

Alternatively, you can generate a pure, reentrant parser. The Bison declaration %pure_parser says that you want the parser to be reentrant. It looks like this:

 
%pure_parser

The result is that the communication variables yylval and yylloc become local variables in yyparse, and a different calling convention is used for the lexical analyzer function yylex. See section Calling Conventions for Pure Parsers, for the details of this. The variable yynerrs also becomes local in yyparse (see section The Error Reporting Function yyerror). The convention for calling yyparse itself is unchanged.

Whether the parser is pure has nothing to do with the grammar rules. You can generate either a pure parser or a nonreentrant parser from any valid grammar.

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3.6.8 Bison Declaration Summary

Here is a summary of all Bison declarations:

%union
Declare the collection of data types that semantic values may have (see section The Collection of Value Types).

%token
Declare a terminal symbol (token type name) with no precedence or associativity specified (see section Token Type Names).

%right
Declare a terminal symbol (token type name) that is right-associative (see section Operator Precedence).

%left
Declare a terminal symbol (token type name) that is left-associative (see section Operator Precedence).

%nonassoc
Declare a terminal symbol (token type name) that is nonassociative (using it in a way that would be associative is a syntax error) (see section Operator Precedence).

%type
Declare the type of semantic values for a nonterminal symbol (see section Nonterminal Symbols).

%start
Specify the grammar's start symbol (see section The Start-Symbol).

%expect
Declare the expected number of shift-reduce conflicts (see section Suppressing Conflict Warnings).

%pure_parser
Request a pure (reentrant) parser program (see section A Pure (Reentrant) Parser).

%no_lines
Don't generate any #line preprocessor commands in the parser file. Ordinarily Bison writes these commands in the parser file so that the C compiler and debuggers will associate errors and object code with your source file (the grammar file). This directive causes them to associate errors with the parser file, treating it an independent source file in its own right.

%raw
The output file `name.h' normally defines the tokens with Yacc-compatible token numbers. If this option is specified, the internal Bison numbers are used instead. (Yacc-compatible numbers start at 257 except for single character tokens; Bison assigns token numbers sequentially for all tokens starting at 3.)

%token_table
Generate an array of token names in the parser file. The name of the array is yytname; yytname[i] is the name of the token whose internal Bison token code number is i. The first three elements of yytname are always "$", "error", and "$illegal"; after these come the symbols defined in the grammar file.

For single-character literal tokens and literal string tokens, the name in the table includes the single-quote or double-quote characters: for example, "'+'" is a single-character literal and "\"<=\"" is a literal string token. All the characters of the literal string token appear verbatim in the string found in the table; even double-quote characters are not escaped. For example, if the token consists of three characters `*"*', its string in yytname contains `"*"*"'. (In C, that would be written as "\"*\"*\"").

When you specify %token_table, Bison also generates macro definitions for macros YYNTOKENS, YYNNTS, and YYNRULES, and YYNSTATES:

YYNTOKENS
The highest token number, plus one.
YYNNTS
The number of non-terminal symbols.
YYNRULES
The number of grammar rules,
YYNSTATES
The number of parser states (see section 5.5 Parser States).

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3.7 Multiple Parsers in the Same Program

Most programs that use Bison parse only one language and therefore contain only one Bison parser. But what if you want to parse more than one language with the same program? Then you need to avoid a name conflict between different definitions of yyparse, yylval, and so on.

The easy way to do this is to use the option `-p prefix' (see section Invoking Bison). This renames the interface functions and variables of the Bison parser to start with prefix instead of `yy'. You can use this to give each parser distinct names that do not conflict.

The precise list of symbols renamed is yyparse, yylex, yyerror, yynerrs, yylval, yychar and yydebug. For example, if you use `-p c', the names become cparse, clex, and so on.

All the other variables and macros associated with Bison are not renamed. These others are not global; there is no conflict if the same name is used in different parsers. For example, YYSTYPE is not renamed, but defining this in different ways in different parsers causes no trouble (see section Data Types of Semantic Values).

The `-p' option works by adding macro definitions to the beginning of the parser source file, defining yyparse as prefixparse, and so on. This effectively substitutes one name for the other in the entire parser file.

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Introduction

Bison is a general-purpose parser generator that converts a grammar description for an LALR(1) context-free grammar into a C program to parse that grammar. Once you are proficient with Bison, you may use it to develop a wide range of language parsers, from those used in simple desk calculators to complex programming languages.

Bison is upward compatible with Yacc: all properly-written Yacc grammars ought to work with Bison with no change. Anyone familiar with Yacc should be able to use Bison with little trouble. You need to be fluent in C programming in order to use Bison or to understand this manual.

We begin with tutorial chapters that explain the basic concepts of using Bison and show three explained examples, each building on the last. If you don't know Bison or Yacc, start by reading these chapters. Reference chapters follow which describe specific aspects of Bison in detail.

Bison was written primarily by Robert Corbett; Richard Stallman made it Yacc-compatible. Wilfred Hansen of Carnegie Mellon University added multicharacter string literals and other features.

This edition corresponds to version 2.21.5 of Bison.

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6. Error Recovery

It is not usually acceptable to have a program terminate on a parse error. For example, a compiler should recover sufficiently to parse the rest of the input file and check it for errors; a calculator should accept another expression.

In a simple interactive command parser where each input is one line, it may be sufficient to allow yyparse to return 1 on error and have the caller ignore the rest of the input line when that happens (and then call yyparse again). But this is inadequate for a compiler, because it forgets all the syntactic context leading up to the error. A syntax error deep within a function in the compiler input should not cause the compiler to treat the following line like the beginning of a source file.

You can define how to recover from a syntax error by writing rules to recognize the special token error. This is a terminal symbol that is always defined (you need not declare it) and reserved for error handling. The Bison parser generates an error token whenever a syntax error happens; if you have provided a rule to recognize this token in the current context, the parse can continue.

For example:

 
stmnts:  /* empty string */
        | stmnts '\n'
        | stmnts exp '\n'
        | stmnts error '\n'

The fourth rule in this example says that an error followed by a newline makes a valid addition to any stmnts.

What happens if a syntax error occurs in the middle of an exp? The error recovery rule, interpreted strictly, applies to the precise sequence of a stmnts, an error and a newline. If an error occurs in the middle of an exp, there will probably be some additional tokens and subexpressions on the stack after the last stmnts, and there will be tokens to read before the next newline. So the rule is not applicable in the ordinary way.

But Bison can force the situation to fit the rule, by discarding part of the semantic context and part of the input. First it discards states and objects from the stack until it gets back to a state in which the error token is acceptable. (This means that the subexpressions already parsed are discarded, back to the last complete stmnts.) At this point the error token can be shifted. Then, if the old look-ahead token is not acceptable to be shifted next, the parser reads tokens and discards them until it finds a token which is acceptable. In this example, Bison reads and discards input until the next newline so that the fourth rule can apply.

The choice of error rules in the grammar is a choice of strategies for error recovery. A simple and useful strategy is simply to skip the rest of the current input line or current statement if an error is detected:

 
stmnt: error ';'  /* on error, skip until ';' is read */

It is also useful to recover to the matching close-delimiter of an opening-delimiter that has already been parsed. Otherwise the close-delimiter will probably appear to be unmatched, and generate another, spurious error message:

 
primary:  '(' expr ')'
        | '(' error ')'
        ...
        ;

Error recovery strategies are necessarily guesses. When they guess wrong, one syntax error often leads to another. In the above example, the error recovery rule guesses that an error is due to bad input within one stmnt. Suppose that instead a spurious semicolon is inserted in the middle of a valid stmnt. After the error recovery rule recovers from the first error, another syntax error will be found straightaway, since the text following the spurious semicolon is also an invalid stmnt.

To prevent an outpouring of error messages, the parser will output no error message for another syntax error that happens shortly after the first; only after three consecutive input tokens have been successfully shifted will error messages resume.

Note that rules which accept the error token may have actions, just as any other rules can.

You can make error messages resume immediately by using the macro yyerrok in an action. If you do this in the error rule's action, no error messages will be suppressed. This macro requires no arguments; `yyerrok;' is a valid C statement.

The previous look-ahead token is reanalyzed immediately after an error. If this is unacceptable, then the macro yyclearin may be used to clear this token. Write the statement `yyclearin;' in the error rule's action.

For example, suppose that on a parse error, an error handling routine is called that advances the input stream to some point where parsing should once again commence. The next symbol returned by the lexical scanner is probably correct. The previous look-ahead token ought to be discarded with `yyclearin;'.

The macro YYRECOVERING stands for an expression that has the value 1 when the parser is recovering from a syntax error, and 0 the rest of the time. A value of 1 indicates that error messages are currently suppressed for new syntax errors.

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Index: M -- Y

Jump to:   $   %   @   |  
A   B   C   D   E   F   G   I   L   M   N   O   P   R   S   T   U   V   W   Y  

Index Entry Section
M
main function in simple example2.1.4 The Controlling Function
mfcalc2.4 Multi-Function Calculator: mfcalc
mid-rule actions3.5.5 Actions in Mid-Rule
multi-character literal3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal
multi-function calculator2.4 Multi-Function Calculator: mfcalc
mutual recursion3.4 Recursive Rules
N
nonterminal symbol3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal
O
operator precedence5.3 Operator Precedence
operator precedence, declaring3.6.2 Operator Precedence
options for invoking Bison9. Invoking Bison
overflow of parser stack5.8 Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid It
P
parse error4.3 The Error Reporting Function yyerror
parser1.5 Bison Output: the Parser File
parser stack5. The Bison Parser Algorithm
parser stack overflow5.8 Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid It
parser state5.5 Parser States
polish notation calculator2.1 Reverse Polish Notation Calculator
precedence declarations3.6.2 Operator Precedence
precedence of operators5.3 Operator Precedence
precedence, context-dependent5.4 Context-Dependent Precedence
precedence, unary operator5.4 Context-Dependent Precedence
preventing warnings about conflicts3.6.5 Suppressing Conflict Warnings
pure parser3.6.7 A Pure (Reentrant) Parser
R
recovery from errors6. Error Recovery
recursive rule3.4 Recursive Rules
reduce/reduce conflict5.6 Reduce/Reduce Conflicts
reduction5. The Bison Parser Algorithm
reentrant parser3.6.7 A Pure (Reentrant) Parser
reverse polish notation2.1 Reverse Polish Notation Calculator
right recursion3.4 Recursive Rules
rpcalc2.1 Reverse Polish Notation Calculator
rule syntax3.3 Syntax of Grammar Rules
rules section for grammar3.1.3 The Grammar Rules Section
running Bison (introduction)2.1.6 Running Bison to Make the Parser
S
semantic actions1.4 Semantic Actions
semantic value1.3 Semantic Values
semantic value type3.5.1 Data Types of Semantic Values
shift/reduce conflicts5.2 Shift/Reduce Conflicts
shifting5. The Bison Parser Algorithm
simple examples2. Examples
single-character literal3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal
stack overflow5.8 Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid It
stack, parser5. The Bison Parser Algorithm
stages in using Bison1.6 Stages in Using Bison
start symbol1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars
start symbol, declaring3.6.6 The Start-Symbol
state (of parser)5.5 Parser States
string token3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal
summary, action features4.4 Special Features for Use in Actions
summary, Bison declaration3.6.8 Bison Declaration Summary
suppressing conflict warnings3.6.5 Suppressing Conflict Warnings
symbol3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal
symbol table example2.4.3 The mfcalc Symbol Table
symbols (abstract)1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars
symbols in Bison, table ofA. Bison Symbols
syntactic grouping1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars
syntax error4.3 The Error Reporting Function yyerror
syntax of grammar rules3.3 Syntax of Grammar Rules
T
terminal symbol3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal
token1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars
token type3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal
token type names, declaring3.6.1 Token Type Names
tracing the parser8. Debugging Your Parser
U
unary operator precedence5.4 Context-Dependent Precedence
using Bison1.6 Stages in Using Bison
V
value type, semantic3.5.1 Data Types of Semantic Values
value types, declaring3.6.3 The Collection of Value Types
value types, nonterminals, declaring3.6.4 Nonterminal Symbols
value, semantic1.3 Semantic Values
VMS9.3 Invoking Bison under VMS
W
warnings, preventing3.6.5 Suppressing Conflict Warnings
writing a lexical analyzer2.1.3 The rpcalc Lexical Analyzer
Y
YYABORT4.1 The Parser Function yyparse
YYACCEPT4.1 The Parser Function yyparse
YYBACKUP4.4 Special Features for Use in Actions
yychar5.1 Look-Ahead Tokens
yyclearin6. Error Recovery
YYDEBUG8. Debugging Your Parser
yydebug8. Debugging Your Parser
YYEMPTY4.4 Special Features for Use in Actions
yyerrok6. Error Recovery
YYERROR4.4 Special Features for Use in Actions
yyerror4.3 The Error Reporting Function yyerror
YYERROR_VERBOSE4.3 The Error Reporting Function yyerror
YYINITDEPTH5.8 Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid It
yylex4.2 The Lexical Analyzer Function yylex
YYLEX_PARAM4.2.4 Calling Conventions for Pure Parsers
yylloc4.2.3 Textual Positions of Tokens
YYLTYPE4.2.3 Textual Positions of Tokens
yylval4.2.2 Semantic Values of Tokens
YYMAXDEPTH5.8 Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid It
yynerrs4.3 The Error Reporting Function yyerror
yyparse4.1 The Parser Function yyparse
YYPARSE_PARAM4.2.4 Calling Conventions for Pure Parsers
YYPRINT8. Debugging Your Parser
YYRECOVERING6. Error Recovery

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This document was generated by Frank B. Brokken on January, 28 2005 using texi2html bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/html/bison_5.html0000664000175000017500000016406414700504612020333 0ustar frankfrank Bison 2.21.5: Examples
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2. Examples

Now we show and explain three sample programs written using Bison: a reverse polish notation calculator, an algebraic (infix) notation calculator, and a multi-function calculator. All three have been tested under BSD Unix 4.3; each produces a usable, though limited, interactive desk-top calculator.

These examples are simple, but Bison grammars for real programming languages are written the same way. You can copy these examples out of the Info file and into a source file to try them.

2.1 Reverse Polish Notation Calculator  Reverse polish notation calculator; a first example with no operator precedence.
2.2 Infix Notation Calculator: calc  Infix (algebraic) notation calculator. Operator precedence is introduced.
2.3 Simple Error Recovery  Continuing after syntax errors.
2.4 Multi-Function Calculator: mfcalc  Calculator with memory and trig functions. It uses multiple data-types for semantic values.
2.5 Exercises  Ideas for improving the multi-function calculator.

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2.1 Reverse Polish Notation Calculator

The first example is that of a simple double-precision reverse polish notation calculator (a calculator using postfix operators). This example provides a good starting point, since operator precedence is not an issue. The second example will illustrate how operator precedence is handled.

The source code for this calculator is named `rpcalc.y'. The `.y' extension is a convention used for Bison input files.

2.1.1 Declarations for rpcalc  Bison and C declarations for rpcalc.
2.1.2 Grammar Rules for rpcalc  Grammar Rules for rpcalc, with explanation.
2.1.3 The rpcalc Lexical Analyzer  The lexical analyzer.
2.1.4 The Controlling Function  The controlling function.
2.1.5 The Error Reporting Routine  The error reporting function.
2.1.6 Running Bison to Make the Parser  Running Bison on the grammar file.
2.1.7 Compiling the Parser File  Run the C compiler on the output code.

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2.1.1 Declarations for rpcalc

Here are the C and Bison declarations for the reverse polish notation calculator. As in C, comments are placed between `/*...*/'.

 
/* Reverse polish notation calculator. */

%{
#define YYSTYPE double
#include <math.h>
%}

%token NUM

%% /* Grammar rules and actions follow */

The C declarations section (see section The C Declarations Section) contains two preprocessor directives.

The #define directive defines the macro YYSTYPE, thus specifying the C data type for semantic values of both tokens and groupings (see section Data Types of Semantic Values). The Bison parser will use whatever type YYSTYPE is defined as; if you don't define it, int is the default. Because we specify double, each token and each expression has an associated value, which is a floating point number.

The #include directive is used to declare the exponentiation function pow.

The second section, Bison declarations, provides information to Bison about the token types (see section The Bison Declarations Section). Each terminal symbol that is not a single-character literal must be declared here. (Single-character literals normally don't need to be declared.) In this example, all the arithmetic operators are designated by single-character literals, so the only terminal symbol that needs to be declared is NUM, the token type for numeric constants.

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2.1.2 Grammar Rules for rpcalc

Here are the grammar rules for the reverse polish notation calculator.

 
input:    /* empty */
        | input line
;

line:     '\n'
        | exp '\n'  { printf ("\t%.10g\n", $1); }
;

exp:      NUM             { $$ = $1;         }
        | exp exp '+'     { $$ = $1 + $2;    }
        | exp exp '-'     { $$ = $1 - $2;    }
        | exp exp '*'     { $$ = $1 * $2;    }
        | exp exp '/'     { $$ = $1 / $2;    }
      /* Exponentiation */
        | exp exp '^'     { $$ = pow ($1, $2); }
      /* Unary minus    */
        | exp 'n'         { $$ = -$1;        }
;
%%

The groupings of the rpcalc "language" defined here are the expression (given the name exp), the line of input (line), and the complete input transcript (input). Each of these nonterminal symbols has several alternate rules, joined by the `|' punctuator which is read as "or". The following sections explain what these rules mean.

The semantics of the language is determined by the actions taken when a grouping is recognized. The actions are the C code that appears inside braces. See section 3.5.3 Actions.

You must specify these actions in C, but Bison provides the means for passing semantic values between the rules. In each action, the pseudo-variable $$ stands for the semantic value for the grouping that the rule is going to construct. Assigning a value to $$ is the main job of most actions. The semantic values of the components of the rule are referred to as $1, $2, and so on.

2.1.2.1 Explanation of input  
2.1.2.2 Explanation of line  
2.1.2.3 Explanation of expr  

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2.1.2.1 Explanation of input

Consider the definition of input:

 
input:    /* empty */
        | input line
;

This definition reads as follows: "A complete input is either an empty string, or a complete input followed by an input line". Notice that "complete input" is defined in terms of itself. This definition is said to be left recursive since input appears always as the leftmost symbol in the sequence. See section Recursive Rules.

The first alternative is empty because there are no symbols between the colon and the first `|'; this means that input can match an empty string of input (no tokens). We write the rules this way because it is legitimate to type Ctrl-d right after you start the calculator. It's conventional to put an empty alternative first and write the comment `/* empty */' in it.

The second alternate rule (input line) handles all nontrivial input. It means, "After reading any number of lines, read one more line if possible." The left recursion makes this rule into a loop. Since the first alternative matches empty input, the loop can be executed zero or more times.

The parser function yyparse continues to process input until a grammatical error is seen or the lexical analyzer says there are no more input tokens; we will arrange for the latter to happen at end of file.

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2.1.2.2 Explanation of line

Now consider the definition of line:

 
line:     '\n'
        | exp '\n'  { printf ("\t%.10g\n", $1); }
;

The first alternative is a token which is a newline character; this means that rpcalc accepts a blank line (and ignores it, since there is no action). The second alternative is an expression followed by a newline. This is the alternative that makes rpcalc useful. The semantic value of the exp grouping is the value of $1 because the exp in question is the first symbol in the alternative. The action prints this value, which is the result of the computation the user asked for.

This action is unusual because it does not assign a value to $$. As a consequence, the semantic value associated with the line is uninitialized (its value will be unpredictable). This would be a bug if that value were ever used, but we don't use it: once rpcalc has printed the value of the user's input line, that value is no longer needed.

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2.1.2.3 Explanation of expr

The exp grouping has several rules, one for each kind of expression. The first rule handles the simplest expressions: those that are just numbers. The second handles an addition-expression, which looks like two expressions followed by a plus-sign. The third handles subtraction, and so on.

 
exp:      NUM
        | exp exp '+'     { $$ = $1 + $2;    }
        | exp exp '-'     { $$ = $1 - $2;    }
        ...
        ;

We have used `|' to join all the rules for exp, but we could equally well have written them separately:

 
exp:      NUM ;
exp:      exp exp '+'     { $$ = $1 + $2;    } ;
exp:      exp exp '-'     { $$ = $1 - $2;    } ;
        ...

Most of the rules have actions that compute the value of the expression in terms of the value of its parts. For example, in the rule for addition, $1 refers to the first component exp and $2 refers to the second one. The third component, '+', has no meaningful associated semantic value, but if it had one you could refer to it as $3. When yyparse recognizes a sum expression using this rule, the sum of the two subexpressions' values is produced as the value of the entire expression. See section 3.5.3 Actions.

You don't have to give an action for every rule. When a rule has no action, Bison by default copies the value of $1 into $$. This is what happens in the first rule (the one that uses NUM).

The formatting shown here is the recommended convention, but Bison does not require it. You can add or change whitespace as much as you wish. For example, this:

 
exp   : NUM | exp exp '+' {$$ = $1 + $2; } | ...

means the same thing as this:

 
exp:      NUM
        | exp exp '+'    { $$ = $1 + $2; }
        | ...

The latter, however, is much more readable.

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2.1.3 The rpcalc Lexical Analyzer

The lexical analyzer's job is low-level parsing: converting characters or sequences of characters into tokens. The Bison parser gets its tokens by calling the lexical analyzer. See section The Lexical Analyzer Function yylex.

Only a simple lexical analyzer is needed for the RPN calculator. This lexical analyzer skips blanks and tabs, then reads in numbers as double and returns them as NUM tokens. Any other character that isn't part of a number is a separate token. Note that the token-code for such a single-character token is the character itself.

The return value of the lexical analyzer function is a numeric code which represents a token type. The same text used in Bison rules to stand for this token type is also a C expression for the numeric code for the type. This works in two ways. If the token type is a character literal, then its numeric code is the ASCII code for that character; you can use the same character literal in the lexical analyzer to express the number. If the token type is an identifier, that identifier is defined by Bison as a C macro whose definition is the appropriate number. In this example, therefore, NUM becomes a macro for yylex to use.

The semantic value of the token (if it has one) is stored into the global variable yylval, which is where the Bison parser will look for it. (The C data type of yylval is YYSTYPE, which was defined at the beginning of the grammar; see section Declarations for rpcalc.)

A token type code of zero is returned if the end-of-file is encountered. (Bison recognizes any nonpositive value as indicating the end of the input.)

Here is the code for the lexical analyzer:

 
/* Lexical analyzer returns a double floating point 
   number on the stack and the token NUM, or the ASCII
   character read if not a number.  Skips all blanks
   and tabs, returns 0 for EOF. */

#include <ctype.h>

yylex ()
{
  int c;

  /* skip white space  */
  while ((c = getchar ()) == ' ' || c == '\t')  
    ;
  /* process numbers   */
  if (c == '.' || isdigit (c))                
    {
      ungetc (c, stdin);
      scanf ("%lf", &yylval);
      return NUM;
    }
  /* return end-of-file  */
  if (c == EOF)                            
    return 0;
  /* return single chars */
  return c;                                
}

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2.1.4 The Controlling Function

In keeping with the spirit of this example, the controlling function is kept to the bare minimum. The only requirement is that it call yyparse to start the process of parsing.

 
main ()
{
  yyparse ();
}

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2.1.5 The Error Reporting Routine

When yyparse detects a syntax error, it calls the error reporting function yyerror to print an error message (usually but not always "parse error"). It is up to the programmer to supply yyerror (see section Parser C-Language Interface), so here is the definition we will use:

 
#include <stdio.h>

yyerror (s)  /* Called by yyparse on error */
     char *s;
{
  printf ("%s\n", s);
}

After yyerror returns, the Bison parser may recover from the error and continue parsing if the grammar contains a suitable error rule (see section 6. Error Recovery). Otherwise, yyparse returns nonzero. We have not written any error rules in this example, so any invalid input will cause the calculator program to exit. This is not clean behavior for a real calculator, but it is adequate in the first example.

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2.1.6 Running Bison to Make the Parser

Before running Bison to produce a parser, we need to decide how to arrange all the source code in one or more source files. For such a simple example, the easiest thing is to put everything in one file. The definitions of yylex, yyerror and main go at the end, in the "additional C code" section of the file (see section The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar).

For a large project, you would probably have several source files, and use make to arrange to recompile them.

With all the source in a single file, you use the following command to convert it into a parser file:

 
bison file_name.y

In this example the file was called `rpcalc.y' (for "Reverse Polish CALCulator"). Bison produces a file named `file_name.tab.c', removing the `.y' from the original file name. The file output by Bison contains the source code for yyparse. The additional functions in the input file (yylex, yyerror and main) are copied verbatim to the output.

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2.1.7 Compiling the Parser File

Here is how to compile and run the parser file:

 
# List files in current directory.
% ls
rpcalc.tab.c  rpcalc.y

# Compile the Bison parser.
# `-lm' tells compiler to search math library for pow.
% cc rpcalc.tab.c -lm -o rpcalc

# List files again.
% ls
rpcalc  rpcalc.tab.c  rpcalc.y

The file `rpcalc' now contains the executable code. Here is an example session using rpcalc.

 
% rpcalc
4 9 +
13
3 7 + 3 4 5 *+-
-13
3 7 + 3 4 5 * + - n              Note the unary minus, `n'
13
5 6 / 4 n +
-3.166666667
3 4 ^                            Exponentiation
81
^D                               End-of-file indicator
%

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2.2 Infix Notation Calculator: calc

We now modify rpcalc to handle infix operators instead of postfix. Infix notation involves the concept of operator precedence and the need for parentheses nested to arbitrary depth. Here is the Bison code for `calc.y', an infix desk-top calculator.

 
/* Infix notation calculator--calc */

%{
#define YYSTYPE double
#include <math.h>
%}

/* BISON Declarations */
%token NUM
%left '-' '+'
%left '*' '/'
%left NEG     /* negation--unary minus */
%right '^'    /* exponentiation        */

/* Grammar follows */
%%
input:    /* empty string */
        | input line
;

line:     '\n'
        | exp '\n'  { printf ("\t%.10g\n", $1); }
;

exp:      NUM                { $$ = $1;         }
        | exp '+' exp        { $$ = $1 + $3;    }
        | exp '-' exp        { $$ = $1 - $3;    }
        | exp '*' exp        { $$ = $1 * $3;    }
        | exp '/' exp        { $$ = $1 / $3;    }
        | '-' exp  %prec NEG { $$ = -$2;        }
        | exp '^' exp        { $$ = pow ($1, $3); }
        | '(' exp ')'        { $$ = $2;         }
;
%%

The functions yylex, yyerror and main can be the same as before.

There are two important new features shown in this code.

In the second section (Bison declarations), %left declares token types and says they are left-associative operators. The declarations %left and %right (right associativity) take the place of %token which is used to declare a token type name without associativity. (These tokens are single-character literals, which ordinarily don't need to be declared. We declare them here to specify the associativity.)

Operator precedence is determined by the line ordering of the declarations; the higher the line number of the declaration (lower on the page or screen), the higher the precedence. Hence, exponentiation has the highest precedence, unary minus (NEG) is next, followed by `*' and `/', and so on. See section Operator Precedence.

The other important new feature is the %prec in the grammar section for the unary minus operator. The %prec simply instructs Bison that the rule `| '-' exp' has the same precedence as NEG---in this case the next-to-highest. See section Context-Dependent Precedence.

Here is a sample run of `calc.y':

 
% calc
4 + 4.5 - (34/(8*3+-3))
6.880952381
-56 + 2
-54
3 ^ 2
9

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2.3 Simple Error Recovery

Up to this point, this manual has not addressed the issue of error recovery---how to continue parsing after the parser detects a syntax error. All we have handled is error reporting with yyerror. Recall that by default yyparse returns after calling yyerror. This means that an erroneous input line causes the calculator program to exit. Now we show how to rectify this deficiency.

The Bison language itself includes the reserved word error, which may be included in the grammar rules. In the example below it has been added to one of the alternatives for line:

 
line:     '\n'
        | exp '\n'   { printf ("\t%.10g\n", $1); }
        | error '\n' { yyerrok;                  }
;

This addition to the grammar allows for simple error recovery in the event of a parse error. If an expression that cannot be evaluated is read, the error will be recognized by the third rule for line, and parsing will continue. (The yyerror function is still called upon to print its message as well.) The action executes the statement yyerrok, a macro defined automatically by Bison; its meaning is that error recovery is complete (see section 6. Error Recovery). Note the difference between yyerrok and yyerror; neither one is a misprint.

This form of error recovery deals with syntax errors. There are other kinds of errors; for example, division by zero, which raises an exception signal that is normally fatal. A real calculator program must handle this signal and use longjmp to return to main and resume parsing input lines; it would also have to discard the rest of the current line of input. We won't discuss this issue further because it is not specific to Bison programs.

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2.4 Multi-Function Calculator: mfcalc

Now that the basics of Bison have been discussed, it is time to move on to a more advanced problem. The above calculators provided only five functions, `+', `-', `*', `/' and `^'. It would be nice to have a calculator that provides other mathematical functions such as sin, cos, etc.

It is easy to add new operators to the infix calculator as long as they are only single-character literals. The lexical analyzer yylex passes back all non-number characters as tokens, so new grammar rules suffice for adding a new operator. But we want something more flexible: built-in functions whose syntax has this form:

 
function_name (argument)

At the same time, we will add memory to the calculator, by allowing you to create named variables, store values in them, and use them later. Here is a sample session with the multi-function calculator:

 
% mfcalc
pi = 3.141592653589
3.1415926536
sin(pi)
0.0000000000
alpha = beta1 = 2.3
2.3000000000
alpha
2.3000000000
ln(alpha)
0.8329091229
exp(ln(beta1))
2.3000000000
%

Note that multiple assignment and nested function calls are permitted.

2.4.1 Declarations for mfcalc  Bison declarations for multi-function calculator.
2.4.2 Grammar Rules for mfcalc  Grammar rules for the calculator.
2.4.3 The mfcalc Symbol Table  Symbol table management subroutines.

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2.4.1 Declarations for mfcalc

Here are the C and Bison declarations for the multi-function calculator.

 
%{
#include <math.h>  /* For math functions, cos(), sin(), etc. */
#include "calc.h"  /* Contains definition of `symrec'        */
%}
%union {
double     val;  /* For returning numbers.                   */
symrec  *tptr;   /* For returning symbol-table pointers      */
}

%token <val>  NUM        /* Simple double precision number   */
%token <tptr> VAR FNCT   /* Variable and Function            */
%type  <val>  exp

%right '='
%left '-' '+'
%left '*' '/'
%left NEG     /* Negation--unary minus */
%right '^'    /* Exponentiation        */

/* Grammar follows */

%%

The above grammar introduces only two new features of the Bison language. These features allow semantic values to have various data types (see section More Than One Value Type).

The %union declaration specifies the entire list of possible types; this is instead of defining YYSTYPE. The allowable types are now double-floats (for exp and NUM) and pointers to entries in the symbol table. See section The Collection of Value Types.

Since values can now have various types, it is necessary to associate a type with each grammar symbol whose semantic value is used. These symbols are NUM, VAR, FNCT, and exp. Their declarations are augmented with information about their data type (placed between angle brackets).

The Bison construct %type is used for declaring nonterminal symbols, just as %token is used for declaring token types. We have not used %type before because nonterminal symbols are normally declared implicitly by the rules that define them. But exp must be declared explicitly so we can specify its value type. See section Nonterminal Symbols.

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2.4.2 Grammar Rules for mfcalc

Here are the grammar rules for the multi-function calculator. Most of them are copied directly from calc; three rules, those which mention VAR or FNCT, are new.

 
input:   /* empty */
        | input line
;

line:
          '\n'
        | exp '\n'   { printf ("\t%.10g\n", $1); }
        | error '\n' { yyerrok;                  }
;

exp:      NUM                { $$ = $1;                         }
        | VAR                { $$ = $1->value.var;              }
        | VAR '=' exp        { $$ = $3; $1->value.var = $3;     }
        | FNCT '(' exp ')'   { $$ = (*($1->value.fnctptr))($3); }
        | exp '+' exp        { $$ = $1 + $3;                    }
        | exp '-' exp        { $$ = $1 - $3;                    }
        | exp '*' exp        { $$ = $1 * $3;                    }
        | exp '/' exp        { $$ = $1 / $3;                    }
        | '-' exp  %prec NEG { $$ = -$2;                        }
        | exp '^' exp        { $$ = pow ($1, $3);               }
        | '(' exp ')'        { $$ = $2;                         }
;
/* End of grammar */
%%

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2.4.3 The mfcalc Symbol Table

The multi-function calculator requires a symbol table to keep track of the names and meanings of variables and functions. This doesn't affect the grammar rules (except for the actions) or the Bison declarations, but it requires some additional C functions for support.

The symbol table itself consists of a linked list of records. Its definition, which is kept in the header `calc.h', is as follows. It provides for either functions or variables to be placed in the table.

 
/* Data type for links in the chain of symbols.      */
struct symrec
{
  char *name;  /* name of symbol                     */
  int type;    /* type of symbol: either VAR or FNCT */
  union {
    double var;           /* value of a VAR          */
    double (*fnctptr)();  /* value of a FNCT         */
  } value;
  struct symrec *next;    /* link field              */
};

typedef struct symrec symrec;

/* The symbol table: a chain of `struct symrec'.     */
extern symrec *sym_table;

symrec *putsym ();
symrec *getsym ();

The new version of main includes a call to init_table, a function that initializes the symbol table. Here it is, and init_table as well:

 
#include <stdio.h>

main ()
{
  init_table ();
  yyparse ();
}

yyerror (s)  /* Called by yyparse on error */
     char *s;
{
  printf ("%s\n", s);
}

struct init
{
  char *fname;
  double (*fnct)();
};

struct init arith_fncts[]
  = {
      "sin", sin,
      "cos", cos,
      "atan", atan,
      "ln", log,
      "exp", exp,
      "sqrt", sqrt,
      0, 0
    };

/* The symbol table: a chain of `struct symrec'.  */
symrec *sym_table = (symrec *)0;

init_table ()  /* puts arithmetic functions in table. */
{
  int i;
  symrec *ptr;
  for (i = 0; arith_fncts[i].fname != 0; i++)
    {
      ptr = putsym (arith_fncts[i].fname, FNCT);
      ptr->value.fnctptr = arith_fncts[i].fnct;
    }
}

By simply editing the initialization list and adding the necessary include files, you can add additional functions to the calculator.

Two important functions allow look-up and installation of symbols in the symbol table. The function putsym is passed a name and the type (VAR or FNCT) of the object to be installed. The object is linked to the front of the list, and a pointer to the object is returned. The function getsym is passed the name of the symbol to look up. If found, a pointer to that symbol is returned; otherwise zero is returned.

 
symrec *
putsym (sym_name,sym_type)
     char *sym_name;
     int sym_type;
{
  symrec *ptr;
  ptr = (symrec *) malloc (sizeof (symrec));
  ptr->name = (char *) malloc (strlen (sym_name) + 1);
  strcpy (ptr->name,sym_name);
  ptr->type = sym_type;
  ptr->value.var = 0; /* set value to 0 even if fctn.  */
  ptr->next = (struct symrec *)sym_table;
  sym_table = ptr;
  return ptr;
}

symrec *
getsym (sym_name)
     char *sym_name;
{
  symrec *ptr;
  for (ptr = sym_table; ptr != (symrec *) 0;
       ptr = (symrec *)ptr->next)
    if (strcmp (ptr->name,sym_name) == 0)
      return ptr;
  return 0;
}

The function yylex must now recognize variables, numeric values, and the single-character arithmetic operators. Strings of alphanumeric characters with a leading nondigit are recognized as either variables or functions depending on what the symbol table says about them.

The string is passed to getsym for look up in the symbol table. If the name appears in the table, a pointer to its location and its type (VAR or FNCT) is returned to yyparse. If it is not already in the table, then it is installed as a VAR using putsym. Again, a pointer and its type (which must be VAR) is returned to yyparse.

No change is needed in the handling of numeric values and arithmetic operators in yylex.

 
#include <ctype.h>
yylex ()
{
  int c;

  /* Ignore whitespace, get first nonwhite character.  */
  while ((c = getchar ()) == ' ' || c == '\t');

  if (c == EOF)
    return 0;

  /* Char starts a number => parse the number.         */
  if (c == '.' || isdigit (c))
    {
      ungetc (c, stdin);
      scanf ("%lf", &yylval.val);
      return NUM;
    }

  /* Char starts an identifier => read the name.       */
  if (isalpha (c))
    {
      symrec *s;
      static char *symbuf = 0;
      static int length = 0;
      int i;

      /* Initially make the buffer long enough
         for a 40-character symbol name.  */
      if (length == 0)
        length = 40, symbuf = (char *)malloc (length + 1);

      i = 0;
      do
        {
          /* If buffer is full, make it bigger.        */
          if (i == length)
            {
              length *= 2;
              symbuf = (char *)realloc (symbuf, length + 1);
            }
          /* Add this character to the buffer.         */
          symbuf[i++] = c;
          /* Get another character.                    */
          c = getchar ();
        }
      while (c != EOF && isalnum (c));

      ungetc (c, stdin);
      symbuf[i] = '\0';

      s = getsym (symbuf);
      if (s == 0)
        s = putsym (symbuf, VAR);
      yylval.tptr = s;
      return s->type;
    }

  /* Any other character is a token by itself.        */
  return c;
}

This program is both powerful and flexible. You may easily add new functions, and it is a simple job to modify this code to install predefined variables such as pi or e as well.

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2.5 Exercises

  1. Add some new functions from `math.h' to the initialization list.

  2. Add another array that contains constants and their values. Then modify init_table to add these constants to the symbol table. It will be easiest to give the constants type VAR.

  3. Make the program report an error if the user refers to an uninitialized variable in any way except to store a value in it.

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9. Invoking Bison

The usual way to invoke Bison is as follows:

 
bison infile

Here infile is the grammar file name, which usually ends in `.y'. The parser file's name is made by replacing the `.y' with `.tab.c'. Thus, the `bison foo.y' filename yields `foo.tab.c', and the `bison hack/foo.y' filename yields `hack/foo.tab.c'.

9.1 Bison Options  All the options described in detail, in alphabetical order by short options.
9.2 Option Cross Key  Alphabetical list of long options.
9.3 Invoking Bison under VMS  Bison command syntax on VMS.

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9.1 Bison Options

Bison supports both traditional single-letter options and mnemonic long option names. Long option names are indicated with `--' instead of `-'. Abbreviations for option names are allowed as long as they are unique. When a long option takes an argument, like `--file-prefix', connect the option name and the argument with `='.

Here is a list of options that can be used with Bison, alphabetized by short option. It is followed by a cross key alphabetized by long option.

`-b file-prefix'
`--file-prefix=prefix'
Specify a prefix to use for all Bison output file names. The names are chosen as if the input file were named `prefix.c'.

`-d'
`--defines'
Write an extra output file containing macro definitions for the token type names defined in the grammar and the semantic value type YYSTYPE, as well as a few extern variable declarations.

If the parser output file is named `name.c' then this file is named `name.h'.

This output file is essential if you wish to put the definition of yylex in a separate source file, because yylex needs to be able to refer to token type codes and the variable yylval. See section Semantic Values of Tokens.

`-l'
`--no-lines'
Don't put any #line preprocessor commands in the parser file. Ordinarily Bison puts them in the parser file so that the C compiler and debuggers will associate errors with your source file, the grammar file. This option causes them to associate errors with the parser file, treating it as an independent source file in its own right.

`-n'
`--no-parser'
Do not include any C code in the parser file; generate tables only. The parser file contains just #define directives and static variable declarations.

This option also tells Bison to write the C code for the grammar actions into a file named `filename.act', in the form of a brace-surrounded body fit for a switch statement.

`-o outfile'
`--output-file=outfile'
Specify the name outfile for the parser file.

The other output files' names are constructed from outfile as described under the `-v' and `-d' options.

`-p prefix'
`--name-prefix=prefix'
Rename the external symbols used in the parser so that they start with prefix instead of `yy'. The precise list of symbols renamed is yyparse, yylex, yyerror, yynerrs, yylval, yychar and yydebug.

For example, if you use `-p c', the names become cparse, clex, and so on.

See section Multiple Parsers in the Same Program.

`-r'
`--raw'
Pretend that %raw was specified. See section 3.6.8 Bison Declaration Summary.

`-t'
`--debug'
Output a definition of the macro YYDEBUG into the parser file, so that the debugging facilities are compiled. See section Debugging Your Parser.

`-v'
`--verbose'
Write an extra output file containing verbose descriptions of the parser states and what is done for each type of look-ahead token in that state.

This file also describes all the conflicts, both those resolved by operator precedence and the unresolved ones.

The file's name is made by removing `.tab.c' or `.c' from the parser output file name, and adding `.output' instead.

Therefore, if the input file is `foo.y', then the parser file is called `foo.tab.c' by default. As a consequence, the verbose output file is called `foo.output'.

`-V'
`--version'
Print the version number of Bison and exit.

`-h'
`--help'
Print a summary of the command-line options to Bison and exit.

`-y'
`--yacc'
`--fixed-output-files'
Equivalent to `-o y.tab.c'; the parser output file is called `y.tab.c', and the other outputs are called `y.output' and `y.tab.h'. The purpose of this option is to imitate Yacc's output file name conventions. Thus, the following shell script can substitute for Yacc:

 
bison -y $*

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9.2 Option Cross Key

Here is a list of options, alphabetized by long option, to help you find the corresponding short option.

 
--debug                               -t
--defines                             -d
--file-prefix=prefix                  -b file-prefix
--fixed-output-files --yacc           -y
--help                                -h
--name-prefix=prefix                  -p name-prefix
--no-lines                            -l
--no-parser                           -n
--output-file=outfile                 -o outfile
--raw                                 -r			
--token-table                         -k
--verbose                             -v
--version                             -V

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9.3 Invoking Bison under VMS

The command line syntax for Bison on VMS is a variant of the usual Bison command syntax--adapted to fit VMS conventions.

To find the VMS equivalent for any Bison option, start with the long option, and substitute a `/' for the leading `--', and substitute a `_' for each `-' in the name of the long option. For example, the following invocation under VMS:

 
bison /debug/name_prefix=bar foo.y

is equivalent to the following command under POSIX.

 
bison --debug --name-prefix=bar foo.y

The VMS file system does not permit filenames such as `foo.tab.c'. In the above example, the output file would instead be named `foo_tab.c'.

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About this document

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5. The Bison Parser Algorithm

As Bison reads tokens, it pushes them onto a stack along with their semantic values. The stack is called the parser stack. Pushing a token is traditionally called shifting.

For example, suppose the infix calculator has read `1 + 5 *', with a `3' to come. The stack will have four elements, one for each token that was shifted.

But the stack does not always have an element for each token read. When the last n tokens and groupings shifted match the components of a grammar rule, they can be combined according to that rule. This is called reduction. Those tokens and groupings are replaced on the stack by a single grouping whose symbol is the result (left hand side) of that rule. Running the rule's action is part of the process of reduction, because this is what computes the semantic value of the resulting grouping.

For example, if the infix calculator's parser stack contains this:

 
1 + 5 * 3

and the next input token is a newline character, then the last three elements can be reduced to 15 via the rule:

 
expr: expr '*' expr;

Then the stack contains just these three elements:

 
1 + 15

At this point, another reduction can be made, resulting in the single value 16. Then the newline token can be shifted.

The parser tries, by shifts and reductions, to reduce the entire input down to a single grouping whose symbol is the grammar's start-symbol (see section Languages and Context-Free Grammars).

This kind of parser is known in the literature as a bottom-up parser.

5.1 Look-Ahead Tokens  Parser looks one token ahead when deciding what to do.
5.2 Shift/Reduce Conflicts  Conflicts: when either shifting or reduction is valid.
5.3 Operator Precedence  Operator precedence works by resolving conflicts.
5.4 Context-Dependent Precedence  When an operator's precedence depends on context.
5.5 Parser States  The parser is a finite-state-machine with stack.
5.6 Reduce/Reduce Conflicts  When two rules are applicable in the same situation.
5.7 Mysterious Reduce/Reduce Conflicts  Reduce/reduce conflicts that look unjustified.
5.8 Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid It  What happens when stack gets full. How to avoid it.

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5.1 Look-Ahead Tokens

The Bison parser does not always reduce immediately as soon as the last n tokens and groupings match a rule. This is because such a simple strategy is inadequate to handle most languages. Instead, when a reduction is possible, the parser sometimes "looks ahead" at the next token in order to decide what to do.

When a token is read, it is not immediately shifted; first it becomes the look-ahead token, which is not on the stack. Now the parser can perform one or more reductions of tokens and groupings on the stack, while the look-ahead token remains off to the side. When no more reductions should take place, the look-ahead token is shifted onto the stack. This does not mean that all possible reductions have been done; depending on the token type of the look-ahead token, some rules may choose to delay their application.

Here is a simple case where look-ahead is needed. These three rules define expressions which contain binary addition operators and postfix unary factorial operators (`!'), and allow parentheses for grouping.

 
expr:     term '+' expr
        | term
        ;

term:     '(' expr ')'
        | term '!'
        | NUMBER
        ;

Suppose that the tokens `1 + 2' have been read and shifted; what should be done? If the following token is `)', then the first three tokens must be reduced to form an expr. This is the only valid course, because shifting the `)' would produce a sequence of symbols term ')', and no rule allows this.

If the following token is `!', then it must be shifted immediately so that `2 !' can be reduced to make a term. If instead the parser were to reduce before shifting, `1 + 2' would become an expr. It would then be impossible to shift the `!' because doing so would produce on the stack the sequence of symbols expr '!'. No rule allows that sequence.

The current look-ahead token is stored in the variable yychar. See section Special Features for Use in Actions.

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5.2 Shift/Reduce Conflicts

Suppose we are parsing a language which has if-then and if-then-else statements, with a pair of rules like this:

 
if_stmt:
          IF expr THEN stmt
        | IF expr THEN stmt ELSE stmt
        ;

Here we assume that IF, THEN and ELSE are terminal symbols for specific keyword tokens.

When the ELSE token is read and becomes the look-ahead token, the contents of the stack (assuming the input is valid) are just right for reduction by the first rule. But it is also legitimate to shift the ELSE, because that would lead to eventual reduction by the second rule.

This situation, where either a shift or a reduction would be valid, is called a shift/reduce conflict. Bison is designed to resolve these conflicts by choosing to shift, unless otherwise directed by operator precedence declarations. To see the reason for this, let's contrast it with the other alternative.

Since the parser prefers to shift the ELSE, the result is to attach the else-clause to the innermost if-statement, making these two inputs equivalent:

 
if x then if y then win (); else lose;

if x then do; if y then win (); else lose; end;

But if the parser chose to reduce when possible rather than shift, the result would be to attach the else-clause to the outermost if-statement, making these two inputs equivalent:

 
if x then if y then win (); else lose;

if x then do; if y then win (); end; else lose;

The conflict exists because the grammar as written is ambiguous: either parsing of the simple nested if-statement is legitimate. The established convention is that these ambiguities are resolved by attaching the else-clause to the innermost if-statement; this is what Bison accomplishes by choosing to shift rather than reduce. (It would ideally be cleaner to write an unambiguous grammar, but that is very hard to do in this case.) This particular ambiguity was first encountered in the specifications of Algol 60 and is called the "dangling else" ambiguity.

To avoid warnings from Bison about predictable, legitimate shift/reduce conflicts, use the %expect n declaration. There will be no warning as long as the number of shift/reduce conflicts is exactly n. See section Suppressing Conflict Warnings.

The definition of if_stmt above is solely to blame for the conflict, but the conflict does not actually appear without additional rules. Here is a complete Bison input file that actually manifests the conflict:

 
%token IF THEN ELSE variable
%%
stmt:     expr
        | if_stmt
        ;

if_stmt:
          IF expr THEN stmt
        | IF expr THEN stmt ELSE stmt
        ;

expr:     variable
        ;

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5.3 Operator Precedence

Another situation where shift/reduce conflicts appear is in arithmetic expressions. Here shifting is not always the preferred resolution; the Bison declarations for operator precedence allow you to specify when to shift and when to reduce.

5.3.1 When Precedence is Needed  An example showing why precedence is needed.
5.3.2 Specifying Operator Precedence  How to specify precedence in Bison grammars.
5.3.3 Precedence Examples  How these features are used in the previous example.
5.3.4 How Precedence Works  How they work.

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5.3.1 When Precedence is Needed

Consider the following ambiguous grammar fragment (ambiguous because the input `1 - 2 * 3' can be parsed in two different ways):

 
expr:     expr '-' expr
        | expr '*' expr
        | expr '<' expr
        | '(' expr ')'
        ...
        ;

Suppose the parser has seen the tokens `1', `-' and `2'; should it reduce them via the rule for the addition operator? It depends on the next token. Of course, if the next token is `)', we must reduce; shifting is invalid because no single rule can reduce the token sequence `- 2 )' or anything starting with that. But if the next token is `*' or `<', we have a choice: either shifting or reduction would allow the parse to complete, but with different results.

To decide which one Bison should do, we must consider the results. If the next operator token op is shifted, then it must be reduced first in order to permit another opportunity to reduce the sum. The result is (in effect) `1 - (2 op 3)'. On the other hand, if the subtraction is reduced before shifting op, the result is `(1 - 2) op 3'. Clearly, then, the choice of shift or reduce should depend on the relative precedence of the operators `-' and op: `*' should be shifted first, but not `<'.

What about input such as `1 - 2 - 5'; should this be `(1 - 2) - 5' or should it be `1 - (2 - 5)'? For most operators we prefer the former, which is called left association. The latter alternative, right association, is desirable for assignment operators. The choice of left or right association is a matter of whether the parser chooses to shift or reduce when the stack contains `1 - 2' and the look-ahead token is `-': shifting makes right-associativity.

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5.3.2 Specifying Operator Precedence

Bison allows you to specify these choices with the operator precedence declarations %left and %right. Each such declaration contains a list of tokens, which are operators whose precedence and associativity is being declared. The %left declaration makes all those operators left-associative and the %right declaration makes them right-associative. A third alternative is %nonassoc, which declares that it is a syntax error to find the same operator twice "in a row".

The relative precedence of different operators is controlled by the order in which they are declared. The first %left or %right declaration in the file declares the operators whose precedence is lowest, the next such declaration declares the operators whose precedence is a little higher, and so on.

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5.3.3 Precedence Examples

In our example, we would want the following declarations:

 
%left '<'
%left '-'
%left '*'

In a more complete example, which supports other operators as well, we would declare them in groups of equal precedence. For example, '+' is declared with '-':

 
%left '<' '>' '=' NE LE GE
%left '+' '-'
%left '*' '/'

(Here NE and so on stand for the operators for "not equal" and so on. We assume that these tokens are more than one character long and therefore are represented by names, not character literals.)

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5.3.4 How Precedence Works

The first effect of the precedence declarations is to assign precedence levels to the terminal symbols declared. The second effect is to assign precedence levels to certain rules: each rule gets its precedence from the last terminal symbol mentioned in the components. (You can also specify explicitly the precedence of a rule. See section Context-Dependent Precedence.)

Finally, the resolution of conflicts works by comparing the precedence of the rule being considered with that of the look-ahead token. If the token's precedence is higher, the choice is to shift. If the rule's precedence is higher, the choice is to reduce. If they have equal precedence, the choice is made based on the associativity of that precedence level. The verbose output file made by `-v' (see section Invoking Bison) says how each conflict was resolved.

Not all rules and not all tokens have precedence. If either the rule or the look-ahead token has no precedence, then the default is to shift.

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5.4 Context-Dependent Precedence

Often the precedence of an operator depends on the context. This sounds outlandish at first, but it is really very common. For example, a minus sign typically has a very high precedence as a unary operator, and a somewhat lower precedence (lower than multiplication) as a binary operator.

The Bison precedence declarations, %left, %right and %nonassoc, can only be used once for a given token; so a token has only one precedence declared in this way. For context-dependent precedence, you need to use an additional mechanism: the %prec modifier for rules.

The %prec modifier declares the precedence of a particular rule by specifying a terminal symbol whose precedence should be used for that rule. It's not necessary for that symbol to appear otherwise in the rule. The modifier's syntax is:

 
%prec terminal-symbol

and it is written after the components of the rule. Its effect is to assign the rule the precedence of terminal-symbol, overriding the precedence that would be deduced for it in the ordinary way. The altered rule precedence then affects how conflicts involving that rule are resolved (see section Operator Precedence).

Here is how %prec solves the problem of unary minus. First, declare a precedence for a fictitious terminal symbol named UMINUS. There are no tokens of this type, but the symbol serves to stand for its precedence:

 
...
%left '+' '-'
%left '*'
%left UMINUS

Now the precedence of UMINUS can be used in specific rules:

 
exp:    ...
        | exp '-' exp
        ...
        | '-' exp %prec UMINUS

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5.5 Parser States

The function yyparse is implemented using a finite-state machine. The values pushed on the parser stack are not simply token type codes; they represent the entire sequence of terminal and nonterminal symbols at or near the top of the stack. The current state collects all the information about previous input which is relevant to deciding what to do next.

Each time a look-ahead token is read, the current parser state together with the type of look-ahead token are looked up in a table. This table entry can say, "Shift the look-ahead token." In this case, it also specifies the new parser state, which is pushed onto the top of the parser stack. Or it can say, "Reduce using rule number n." This means that a certain number of tokens or groupings are taken off the top of the stack, and replaced by one grouping. In other words, that number of states are popped from the stack, and one new state is pushed.

There is one other alternative: the table can say that the look-ahead token is erroneous in the current state. This causes error processing to begin (see section 6. Error Recovery).

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5.6 Reduce/Reduce Conflicts

A reduce/reduce conflict occurs if there are two or more rules that apply to the same sequence of input. This usually indicates a serious error in the grammar.

For example, here is an erroneous attempt to define a sequence of zero or more word groupings.

 
sequence: /* empty */
                { printf ("empty sequence\n"); }
        | maybeword
        | sequence word
                { printf ("added word %s\n", $2); }
        ;

maybeword: /* empty */
                { printf ("empty maybeword\n"); }
        | word
                { printf ("single word %s\n", $1); }
        ;

The error is an ambiguity: there is more than one way to parse a single word into a sequence. It could be reduced to a maybeword and then into a sequence via the second rule. Alternatively, nothing-at-all could be reduced into a sequence via the first rule, and this could be combined with the word using the third rule for sequence.

There is also more than one way to reduce nothing-at-all into a sequence. This can be done directly via the first rule, or indirectly via maybeword and then the second rule.

You might think that this is a distinction without a difference, because it does not change whether any particular input is valid or not. But it does affect which actions are run. One parsing order runs the second rule's action; the other runs the first rule's action and the third rule's action. In this example, the output of the program changes.

Bison resolves a reduce/reduce conflict by choosing to use the rule that appears first in the grammar, but it is very risky to rely on this. Every reduce/reduce conflict must be studied and usually eliminated. Here is the proper way to define sequence:

 
sequence: /* empty */
                { printf ("empty sequence\n"); }
        | sequence word
                { printf ("added word %s\n", $2); }
        ;

Here is another common error that yields a reduce/reduce conflict:

 
sequence: /* empty */
        | sequence words
        | sequence redirects
        ;

words:    /* empty */
        | words word
        ;

redirects:/* empty */
        | redirects redirect
        ;

The intention here is to define a sequence which can contain either word or redirect groupings. The individual definitions of sequence, words and redirects are error-free, but the three together make a subtle ambiguity: even an empty input can be parsed in infinitely many ways!

Consider: nothing-at-all could be a words. Or it could be two words in a row, or three, or any number. It could equally well be a redirects, or two, or any number. Or it could be a words followed by three redirects and another words. And so on.

Here are two ways to correct these rules. First, to make it a single level of sequence:

 
sequence: /* empty */
        | sequence word
        | sequence redirect
        ;

Second, to prevent either a words or a redirects from being empty:

 
sequence: /* empty */
        | sequence words
        | sequence redirects
        ;

words:    word
        | words word
        ;

redirects:redirect
        | redirects redirect
        ;

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5.7 Mysterious Reduce/Reduce Conflicts

Sometimes reduce/reduce conflicts can occur that don't look warranted. Here is an example:

 
%token ID

%%
def:    param_spec return_spec ','
        ;
param_spec:
             type
        |    name_list ':' type
        ;
return_spec:
             type
        |    name ':' type
        ;
type:        ID
        ;
name:        ID
        ;
name_list:
             name
        |    name ',' name_list
        ;

It would seem that this grammar can be parsed with only a single token of look-ahead: when a param_spec is being read, an ID is a name if a comma or colon follows, or a type if another ID follows. In other words, this grammar is LR(1).

However, Bison, like most parser generators, cannot actually handle all LR(1) grammars. In this grammar, two contexts, that after an ID at the beginning of a param_spec and likewise at the beginning of a return_spec, are similar enough that Bison assumes they are the same. They appear similar because the same set of rules would be active--the rule for reducing to a name and that for reducing to a type. Bison is unable to determine at that stage of processing that the rules would require different look-ahead tokens in the two contexts, so it makes a single parser state for them both. Combining the two contexts causes a conflict later. In parser terminology, this occurrence means that the grammar is not LALR(1).

In general, it is better to fix deficiencies than to document them. But this particular deficiency is intrinsically hard to fix; parser generators that can handle LR(1) grammars are hard to write and tend to produce parsers that are very large. In practice, Bison is more useful as it is now.

When the problem arises, you can often fix it by identifying the two parser states that are being confused, and adding something to make them look distinct. In the above example, adding one rule to return_spec as follows makes the problem go away:

 
%token BOGUS
...
%%
...
return_spec:
             type
        |    name ':' type
        /* This rule is never used.  */
        |    ID BOGUS
        ;

This corrects the problem because it introduces the possibility of an additional active rule in the context after the ID at the beginning of return_spec. This rule is not active in the corresponding context in a param_spec, so the two contexts receive distinct parser states. As long as the token BOGUS is never generated by yylex, the added rule cannot alter the way actual input is parsed.

In this particular example, there is another way to solve the problem: rewrite the rule for return_spec to use ID directly instead of via name. This also causes the two confusing contexts to have different sets of active rules, because the one for return_spec activates the altered rule for return_spec rather than the one for name.

 
param_spec:
             type
        |    name_list ':' type
        ;
return_spec:
             type
        |    ID ':' type
        ;

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5.8 Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid It

The Bison parser stack can overflow if too many tokens are shifted and not reduced. When this happens, the parser function yyparse returns a nonzero value, pausing only to call yyerror to report the overflow.

By defining the macro YYMAXDEPTH, you can control how deep the parser stack can become before a stack overflow occurs. Define the macro with a value that is an integer. This value is the maximum number of tokens that can be shifted (and not reduced) before overflow. It must be a constant expression whose value is known at compile time.

The stack space allowed is not necessarily allocated. If you specify a large value for YYMAXDEPTH, the parser actually allocates a small stack at first, and then makes it bigger by stages as needed. This increasing allocation happens automatically and silently. Therefore, you do not need to make YYMAXDEPTH painfully small merely to save space for ordinary inputs that do not need much stack.

The default value of YYMAXDEPTH, if you do not define it, is 10000.

You can control how much stack is allocated initially by defining the macro YYINITDEPTH. This value too must be a compile-time constant integer. The default is 200.

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7. Handling Context Dependencies

The Bison paradigm is to parse tokens first, then group them into larger syntactic units. In many languages, the meaning of a token is affected by its context. Although this violates the Bison paradigm, certain techniques (known as kludges) may enable you to write Bison parsers for such languages.

7.1 Semantic Info in Token Types  Token parsing can depend on the semantic context.
7.2 Lexical Tie-ins  Token parsing can depend on the syntactic context.
7.3 Lexical Tie-ins and Error Recovery  Lexical tie-ins have implications for how error recovery rules must be written.

(Actually, "kludge" means any technique that gets its job done but is neither clean nor robust.)

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7.1 Semantic Info in Token Types

The C language has a context dependency: the way an identifier is used depends on what its current meaning is. For example, consider this:

 
foo (x);

This looks like a function call statement, but if foo is a typedef name, then this is actually a declaration of x. How can a Bison parser for C decide how to parse this input?

The method used in GNU C is to have two different token types, IDENTIFIER and TYPENAME. When yylex finds an identifier, it looks up the current declaration of the identifier in order to decide which token type to return: TYPENAME if the identifier is declared as a typedef, IDENTIFIER otherwise.

The grammar rules can then express the context dependency by the choice of token type to recognize. IDENTIFIER is accepted as an expression, but TYPENAME is not. TYPENAME can start a declaration, but IDENTIFIER cannot. In contexts where the meaning of the identifier is not significant, such as in declarations that can shadow a typedef name, either TYPENAME or IDENTIFIER is accepted--there is one rule for each of the two token types.

This technique is simple to use if the decision of which kinds of identifiers to allow is made at a place close to where the identifier is parsed. But in C this is not always so: C allows a declaration to redeclare a typedef name provided an explicit type has been specified earlier:

 
typedef int foo, bar, lose;
static foo (bar);        /* redeclare bar as static variable */
static int foo (lose);   /* redeclare foo as function */

Unfortunately, the name being declared is separated from the declaration construct itself by a complicated syntactic structure--the "declarator".

As a result, the part of Bison parser for C needs to be duplicated, with all the nonterminal names changed: once for parsing a declaration in which a typedef name can be redefined, and once for parsing a declaration in which that can't be done. Here is a part of the duplication, with actions omitted for brevity:

 
initdcl:
          declarator maybeasm '='
          init
        | declarator maybeasm
        ;

notype_initdcl:
          notype_declarator maybeasm '='
          init
        | notype_declarator maybeasm
        ;

Here initdcl can redeclare a typedef name, but notype_initdcl cannot. The distinction between declarator and notype_declarator is the same sort of thing.

There is some similarity between this technique and a lexical tie-in (described next), in that information which alters the lexical analysis is changed during parsing by other parts of the program. The difference is here the information is global, and is used for other purposes in the program. A true lexical tie-in has a special-purpose flag controlled by the syntactic context.

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7.2 Lexical Tie-ins

One way to handle context-dependency is the lexical tie-in: a flag which is set by Bison actions, whose purpose is to alter the way tokens are parsed.

For example, suppose we have a language vaguely like C, but with a special construct `hex (hex-expr)'. After the keyword hex comes an expression in parentheses in which all integers are hexadecimal. In particular, the token `a1b' must be treated as an integer rather than as an identifier if it appears in that context. Here is how you can do it:

 
%{
int hexflag;
%}
%%
...
expr:   IDENTIFIER
        | constant
        | HEX '('
                { hexflag = 1; }
          expr ')'
                { hexflag = 0;
                   $$ = $4; }
        | expr '+' expr
                { $$ = make_sum ($1, $3); }
        ...
        ;

constant:
          INTEGER
        | STRING
        ;

Here we assume that yylex looks at the value of hexflag; when it is nonzero, all integers are parsed in hexadecimal, and tokens starting with letters are parsed as integers if possible.

The declaration of hexflag shown in the C declarations section of the parser file is needed to make it accessible to the actions (see section The C Declarations Section). You must also write the code in yylex to obey the flag.

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7.3 Lexical Tie-ins and Error Recovery

Lexical tie-ins make strict demands on any error recovery rules you have. See section 6. Error Recovery.

The reason for this is that the purpose of an error recovery rule is to abort the parsing of one construct and resume in some larger construct. For example, in C-like languages, a typical error recovery rule is to skip tokens until the next semicolon, and then start a new statement, like this:

 
stmt:   expr ';'
        | IF '(' expr ')' stmt { ... }
        ...
        error ';'
                { hexflag = 0; }
        ;

If there is a syntax error in the middle of a `hex (expr)' construct, this error rule will apply, and then the action for the completed `hex (expr)' will never run. So hexflag would remain set for the entire rest of the input, or until the next hex keyword, causing identifiers to be misinterpreted as integers.

To avoid this problem the error recovery rule itself clears hexflag.

There may also be an error recovery rule that works within expressions. For example, there could be a rule which applies within parentheses and skips to the close-parenthesis:

 
expr:   ...
        | '(' expr ')'
                { $$ = $2; }
        | '(' error ')'
        ...

If this rule acts within the hex construct, it is not going to abort that construct (since it applies to an inner level of parentheses within the construct). Therefore, it should not clear the flag: the rest of the hex construct should be parsed with the flag still in effect.

What if there is an error recovery rule which might abort out of the hex construct or might not, depending on circumstances? There is no way you can write the action to determine whether a hex construct is being aborted or not. So if you are using a lexical tie-in, you had better make sure your error recovery rules are not of this kind. Each rule must be such that you can be sure that it always will, or always won't, have to clear the flag.

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Conditions for Using Bison

As of Bison version 1.24, we have changed the distribution terms for yyparse to permit using Bison's output in non-free programs. Formerly, Bison parsers could be used only in programs that were free software.

The other GNU programming tools, such as the GNU C compiler, have never had such a requirement. They could always be used for non-free software. The reason Bison was different was not due to a special policy decision; it resulted from applying the usual General Public License to all of the Bison source code.

The output of the Bison utility--the Bison parser file--contains a verbatim copy of a sizable piece of Bison, which is the code for the yyparse function. (The actions from your grammar are inserted into this function at one point, but the rest of the function is not changed.) When we applied the GPL terms to the code for yyparse, the effect was to restrict the use of Bison output to free software.

We didn't change the terms because of sympathy for people who want to make software proprietary. Software should be free. But we concluded that limiting Bison's use to free software was doing little to encourage people to make other software free. So we decided to make the practical conditions for using Bison match the practical conditions for using the other GNU tools.

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Bison 2.21.5

This manual documents version 2.21.5 of Bison.

Introduction  
Conditions for Using Bison  
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE  The GNU General Public License says how you can copy and share Bison
Tutorial sections:
1. The Concepts of Bison  Basic concepts for understanding Bison.
2. Examples  Three simple explained examples of using Bison.
Reference sections:
3. Bison Grammar Files  Writing Bison declarations and rules.
4. Parser C-Language Interface  C-language interface to the parser function yyparse.
5. The Bison Parser Algorithm  How the Bison parser works at run-time.
6. Error Recovery  Writing rules for error recovery.
7. Handling Context Dependencies  What to do if your language syntax is too messy for Bison to handle straightforwardly.
8. Debugging Your Parser  Debugging Bison parsers that parse wrong.
9. Invoking Bison  How to run Bison (to produce the parser source file).
A. Bison Symbols  All the keywords of the Bison language are explained.
B. Glossary  Basic concepts are explained.
Index  Cross-references to the text.
-- The Detailed Node Listing ---
The Concepts of Bison
1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars  Languages and context-free grammars, as mathematical ideas.
1.2 From Formal Rules to Bison Input  How we represent grammars for Bison's sake.
1.3 Semantic Values  Each token or syntactic grouping can have a semantic value (the value of an integer, the name of an identifier, etc.).
1.4 Semantic Actions  Each rule can have an action containing C code.
1.5 Bison Output: the Parser File  What are Bison's input and output, how is the output used?
1.6 Stages in Using Bison  Stages in writing and running Bison grammars.
1.7 The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar  Overall structure of a Bison grammar file.
Examples
2.1 Reverse Polish Notation Calculator  Reverse polish notation calculator; a first example with no operator precedence.
2.2 Infix Notation Calculator: calc  Infix (algebraic) notation calculator. Operator precedence is introduced.
2.3 Simple Error Recovery  Continuing after syntax errors.
2.4 Multi-Function Calculator: mfcalc  Calculator with memory and trig functions. It uses multiple data-types for semantic values.
2.5 Exercises  Ideas for improving the multi-function calculator.
Reverse Polish Notation Calculator
2.1.1 Declarations for rpcalc  Bison and C declarations for rpcalc.
2.1.2 Grammar Rules for rpcalc  Grammar Rules for rpcalc, with explanation.
2.1.3 The rpcalc Lexical Analyzer  The lexical analyzer.
2.1.4 The Controlling Function  The controlling function.
2.1.5 The Error Reporting Routine  The error reporting function.
2.1.6 Running Bison to Make the Parser  Running Bison on the grammar file.
2.1.7 Compiling the Parser File  Run the C compiler on the output code.
Grammar Rules for rpcalc
2.1.2.1 Explanation of input  
2.1.2.2 Explanation of line  
2.1.2.3 Explanation of expr  
Multi-Function Calculator: mfcalc
2.4.1 Declarations for mfcalc  Bison declarations for multi-function calculator.
2.4.2 Grammar Rules for mfcalc  Grammar rules for the calculator.
2.4.3 The mfcalc Symbol Table  Symbol table management subroutines.
Bison Grammar Files
3.1 Outline of a Bison Grammar  Overall layout of the grammar file.
3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal  Terminal and nonterminal symbols.
3.3 Syntax of Grammar Rules  How to write grammar rules.
3.4 Recursive Rules  Writing recursive rules.
3.5 Defining Language Semantics  Semantic values and actions.
3.6 Bison Declarations  All kinds of Bison declarations are described here.
3.7 Multiple Parsers in the Same Program  Putting more than one Bison parser in one program.
Outline of a Bison Grammar
3.1.1 The C Declarations Section  Syntax and usage of the C declarations section.
3.1.2 The Bison Declarations Section  Syntax and usage of the Bison declarations section.
3.1.3 The Grammar Rules Section  Syntax and usage of the grammar rules section.
3.1.4 The Additional C Code Section  Syntax and usage of the additional C code section.
Defining Language Semantics
3.5.1 Data Types of Semantic Values  Specifying one data type for all semantic values.
3.5.2 More Than One Value Type  Specifying several alternative data types.
3.5.3 Actions  An action is the semantic definition of a grammar rule.
3.5.4 Data Types of Values in Actions  Specifying data types for actions to operate on.
3.5.5 Actions in Mid-Rule  Most actions go at the end of a rule. This says when, why and how to use the exceptional action in the middle of a rule.
Bison Declarations
3.6.1 Token Type Names  Declaring terminal symbols.
3.6.2 Operator Precedence  Declaring terminals with precedence and associativity.
3.6.3 The Collection of Value Types  Declaring the set of all semantic value types.
3.6.4 Nonterminal Symbols  Declaring the choice of type for a nonterminal symbol.
3.6.5 Suppressing Conflict Warnings  Suppressing warnings about shift/reduce conflicts.
3.6.6 The Start-Symbol  Specifying the start symbol.
3.6.7 A Pure (Reentrant) Parser  Requesting a reentrant parser.
3.6.8 Bison Declaration Summary  Table of all Bison declarations.
Parser C-Language Interface
4.1 The Parser Function yyparse  How to call yyparse and what it returns.
4.2 The Lexical Analyzer Function yylex  You must supply a function yylex which reads tokens.
4.3 The Error Reporting Function yyerror  You must supply a function yyerror.
4.4 Special Features for Use in Actions  Special features for use in actions.
The Lexical Analyzer Function yylex
4.2.1 Calling Convention for yylex  How yyparse calls yylex.
4.2.2 Semantic Values of Tokens  How yylex must return the semantic value of the token it has read.
4.2.3 Textual Positions of Tokens  How yylex must return the text position
(line number, etc.) of the token, if the
actions want that.
4.2.4 Calling Conventions for Pure Parsers  How the calling convention differs in a pure parser (@pxref{Pure Decl, ,A Pure (Reentrant) Parser}).
The Bison Parser Algorithm
5.1 Look-Ahead Tokens  Parser looks one token ahead when deciding what to do.
5.2 Shift/Reduce Conflicts  Conflicts: when either shifting or reduction is valid.
5.3 Operator Precedence  Operator precedence works by resolving conflicts.
5.4 Context-Dependent Precedence  When an operator's precedence depends on context.
5.5 Parser States  The parser is a finite-state-machine with stack.
5.6 Reduce/Reduce Conflicts  When two rules are applicable in the same situation.
5.7 Mysterious Reduce/Reduce Conflicts  Reduce/reduce conflicts that look unjustified.
5.8 Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid It  What happens when stack gets full. How to avoid it.
Operator Precedence
5.3.1 When Precedence is Needed  An example showing why precedence is needed.
5.3.2 Specifying Operator Precedence  How to specify precedence in Bison grammars.
5.3.3 Precedence Examples  How these features are used in the previous example.
5.3.4 How Precedence Works  How they work.
Handling Context Dependencies
7.1 Semantic Info in Token Types  Token parsing can depend on the semantic context.
7.2 Lexical Tie-ins  Token parsing can depend on the syntactic context.
7.3 Lexical Tie-ins and Error Recovery  Lexical tie-ins have implications for how error recovery rules must be written.
Invoking Bison
9.1 Bison Options  All the options described in detail, in alphabetical order by short options.
9.2 Option Cross Key  Alphabetical list of long options.
9.3 Invoking Bison under VMS  Bison command syntax on VMS.


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A. Bison Symbols

error
A token name reserved for error recovery. This token may be used in grammar rules so as to allow the Bison parser to recognize an error in the grammar without halting the process. In effect, a sentence containing an error may be recognized as valid. On a parse error, the token error becomes the current look-ahead token. Actions corresponding to error are then executed, and the look-ahead token is reset to the token that originally caused the violation. See section 6. Error Recovery.

YYABORT
Macro to pretend that an unrecoverable syntax error has occurred, by making yyparse return 1 immediately. The error reporting function yyerror is not called. See section The Parser Function yyparse.

YYACCEPT
Macro to pretend that a complete utterance of the language has been read, by making yyparse return 0 immediately. See section The Parser Function yyparse.

YYBACKUP
Macro to discard a value from the parser stack and fake a look-ahead token. See section Special Features for Use in Actions.

YYERROR
Macro to pretend that a syntax error has just been detected: call yyerror and then perform normal error recovery if possible (see section 6. Error Recovery), or (if recovery is impossible) make yyparse return 1. See section 6. Error Recovery.

YYERROR_VERBOSE
Macro that you define with #define in the Bison declarations section to request verbose, specific error message strings when yyerror is called.

YYINITDEPTH
Macro for specifying the initial size of the parser stack. See section 5.8 Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid It.

YYLEX_PARAM
Macro for specifying an extra argument (or list of extra arguments) for yyparse to pass to yylex. See section Calling Conventions for Pure Parsers.

YYLTYPE
Macro for the data type of yylloc; a structure with four members. See section Textual Positions of Tokens.

yyltype
Default value for YYLTYPE.

YYMAXDEPTH
Macro for specifying the maximum size of the parser stack. See section 5.8 Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid It.

YYPARSE_PARAM
Macro for specifying the name of a parameter that yyparse should accept. See section Calling Conventions for Pure Parsers.

YYRECOVERING
Macro whose value indicates whether the parser is recovering from a syntax error. See section Special Features for Use in Actions.

YYSTYPE
Macro for the data type of semantic values; int by default. See section Data Types of Semantic Values.

yychar
External integer variable that contains the integer value of the current look-ahead token. (In a pure parser, it is a local variable within yyparse.) Error-recovery rule actions may examine this variable. See section Special Features for Use in Actions.

yyclearin
Macro used in error-recovery rule actions. It clears the previous look-ahead token. See section 6. Error Recovery.

yydebug
External integer variable set to zero by default. If yydebug is given a nonzero value, the parser will output information on input symbols and parser action. See section Debugging Your Parser.

yyerrok
Macro to cause parser to recover immediately to its normal mode after a parse error. See section 6. Error Recovery.

yyerror
User-supplied function to be called by yyparse on error. The function receives one argument, a pointer to a character string containing an error message. See section The Error Reporting Function yyerror.

yylex
User-supplied lexical analyzer function, called with no arguments to get the next token. See section The Lexical Analyzer Function yylex.

yylval
External variable in which yylex should place the semantic value associated with a token. (In a pure parser, it is a local variable within yyparse, and its address is passed to yylex.) See section Semantic Values of Tokens.

yylloc
External variable in which yylex should place the line and column numbers associated with a token. (In a pure parser, it is a local variable within yyparse, and its address is passed to yylex.) You can ignore this variable if you don't use the `@' feature in the grammar actions. See section Textual Positions of Tokens.

yynerrs
Global variable which Bison increments each time there is a parse error. (In a pure parser, it is a local variable within yyparse.) See section The Error Reporting Function yyerror.

yyparse
The parser function produced by Bison; call this function to start parsing. See section The Parser Function yyparse.

%left
Bison declaration to assign left associativity to token(s). See section Operator Precedence.

%no_lines
Bison declaration to avoid generating #line directives in the parser file. See section 3.6.8 Bison Declaration Summary.

%nonassoc
Bison declaration to assign nonassociativity to token(s). See section Operator Precedence.

%prec
Bison declaration to assign a precedence to a specific rule. See section Context-Dependent Precedence.

%pure_parser
Bison declaration to request a pure (reentrant) parser. See section A Pure (Reentrant) Parser.

%raw
Bison declaration to use Bison internal token code numbers in token tables instead of the usual Yacc-compatible token code numbers. See section 3.6.8 Bison Declaration Summary.

%right
Bison declaration to assign right associativity to token(s). See section Operator Precedence.

%start
Bison declaration to specify the start symbol. See section The Start-Symbol.

%token
Bison declaration to declare token(s) without specifying precedence. See section Token Type Names.

%token_table
Bison declaration to include a token name table in the parser file. See section 3.6.8 Bison Declaration Summary.

%type
Bison declaration to declare nonterminals. See section Nonterminal Symbols.

%union
Bison declaration to specify several possible data types for semantic values. See section The Collection of Value Types.

These are the punctuation and delimiters used in Bison input:

`%%'
Delimiter used to separate the grammar rule section from the Bison declarations section or the additional C code section. See section The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar.

`%{ %}'
All code listed between `%{' and `%}' is copied directly to the output file uninterpreted. Such code forms the "C declarations" section of the input file. See section Outline of a Bison Grammar.

`/*...*/'
Comment delimiters, as in C.

`:'
Separates a rule's result from its components. See section Syntax of Grammar Rules.

`;'
Terminates a rule. See section Syntax of Grammar Rules.

`|'
Separates alternate rules for the same result nonterminal. See section Syntax of Grammar Rules.

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B. Glossary

Backus-Naur Form (BNF)
Formal method of specifying context-free grammars. BNF was first used in the ALGOL-60 report, 1963. See section Languages and Context-Free Grammars.

Context-free grammars
Grammars specified as rules that can be applied regardless of context. Thus, if there is a rule which says that an integer can be used as an expression, integers are allowed anywhere an expression is permitted. See section Languages and Context-Free Grammars.

Dynamic allocation
Allocation of memory that occurs during execution, rather than at compile time or on entry to a function.

Empty string
Analogous to the empty set in set theory, the empty string is a character string of length zero.

Finite-state stack machine
A "machine" that has discrete states in which it is said to exist at each instant in time. As input to the machine is processed, the machine moves from state to state as specified by the logic of the machine. In the case of the parser, the input is the language being parsed, and the states correspond to various stages in the grammar rules. See section The Bison Parser Algorithm .

Grouping
A language construct that is (in general) grammatically divisible; for example, `expression' or `declaration' in C. See section Languages and Context-Free Grammars.

Infix operator
An arithmetic operator that is placed between the operands on which it performs some operation.

Input stream
A continuous flow of data between devices or programs.

Language construct
One of the typical usage schemas of the language. For example, one of the constructs of the C language is the if statement. See section Languages and Context-Free Grammars.

Left associativity
Operators having left associativity are analyzed from left to right: `a+b+c' first computes `a+b' and then combines with `c'. See section Operator Precedence.

Left recursion
A rule whose result symbol is also its first component symbol; for example, `expseq1 : expseq1 ',' exp;'. See section Recursive Rules.

Left-to-right parsing
Parsing a sentence of a language by analyzing it token by token from left to right. See section The Bison Parser Algorithm .

Lexical analyzer (scanner)
A function that reads an input stream and returns tokens one by one. See section The Lexical Analyzer Function yylex.

Lexical tie-in
A flag, set by actions in the grammar rules, which alters the way tokens are parsed. See section 7.2 Lexical Tie-ins.

Literal string token
A token which constists of two or more fixed characters. See section 3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal.

Look-ahead token
A token already read but not yet shifted. See section Look-Ahead Tokens.

LALR(1)
The class of context-free grammars that Bison (like most other parser generators) can handle; a subset of LR(1). See section Mysterious Reduce/Reduce Conflicts.

LR(1)
The class of context-free grammars in which at most one token of look-ahead is needed to disambiguate the parsing of any piece of input.

Nonterminal symbol
A grammar symbol standing for a grammatical construct that can be expressed through rules in terms of smaller constructs; in other words, a construct that is not a token. See section 3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal.

Parse error
An error encountered during parsing of an input stream due to invalid syntax. See section 6. Error Recovery.

Parser
A function that recognizes valid sentences of a language by analyzing the syntax structure of a set of tokens passed to it from a lexical analyzer.

Postfix operator
An arithmetic operator that is placed after the operands upon which it performs some operation.

Reduction
Replacing a string of nonterminals and/or terminals with a single nonterminal, according to a grammar rule. See section The Bison Parser Algorithm .

Reentrant
A reentrant subprogram is a subprogram which can be in invoked any number of times in parallel, without interference between the various invocations. See section A Pure (Reentrant) Parser.

Reverse polish notation
A language in which all operators are postfix operators.

Right recursion
A rule whose result symbol is also its last component symbol; for example, `expseq1: exp ',' expseq1;'. See section Recursive Rules.

Semantics
In computer languages, the semantics are specified by the actions taken for each instance of the language, i.e., the meaning of each statement. See section Defining Language Semantics.

Shift
A parser is said to shift when it makes the choice of analyzing further input from the stream rather than reducing immediately some already-recognized rule. See section The Bison Parser Algorithm .

Single-character literal
A single character that is recognized and interpreted as is. See section From Formal Rules to Bison Input.

Start symbol
The nonterminal symbol that stands for a complete valid utterance in the language being parsed. The start symbol is usually listed as the first nonterminal symbol in a language specification. See section The Start-Symbol.

Symbol table
A data structure where symbol names and associated data are stored during parsing to allow for recognition and use of existing information in repeated uses of a symbol. See section 2.4 Multi-Function Calculator: mfcalc.

Token
A basic, grammatically indivisible unit of a language. The symbol that describes a token in the grammar is a terminal symbol. The input of the Bison parser is a stream of tokens which comes from the lexical analyzer. See section 3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal.

Terminal symbol
A grammar symbol that has no rules in the grammar and therefore is grammatically indivisible. The piece of text it represents is a token. See section Languages and Context-Free Grammars.

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8. Debugging Your Parser

If a Bison grammar compiles properly but doesn't do what you want when it runs, the yydebug parser-trace feature can help you figure out why.

To enable compilation of trace facilities, you must define the macro YYDEBUG when you compile the parser. You could use `-DYYDEBUG=1' as a compiler option or you could put `#define YYDEBUG 1' in the C declarations section of the grammar file (see section The C Declarations Section). Alternatively, use the `-t' option when you run Bison (see section Invoking Bison). We always define YYDEBUG so that debugging is always possible.

The trace facility uses stderr, so you must add #include <stdio.h> to the C declarations section unless it is already there.

Once you have compiled the program with trace facilities, the way to request a trace is to store a nonzero value in the variable yydebug. You can do this by making the C code do it (in main, perhaps), or you can alter the value with a C debugger.

Each step taken by the parser when yydebug is nonzero produces a line or two of trace information, written on stderr. The trace messages tell you these things:

  • Each time the parser calls yylex, what kind of token was read.

  • Each time a token is shifted, the depth and complete contents of the state stack (see section 5.5 Parser States).

  • Each time a rule is reduced, which rule it is, and the complete contents of the state stack afterward.

To make sense of this information, it helps to refer to the listing file produced by the Bison `-v' option (see section Invoking Bison). This file shows the meaning of each state in terms of positions in various rules, and also what each state will do with each possible input token. As you read the successive trace messages, you can see that the parser is functioning according to its specification in the listing file. Eventually you will arrive at the place where something undesirable happens, and you will see which parts of the grammar are to blame.

The parser file is a C program and you can use C debuggers on it, but it's not easy to interpret what it is doing. The parser function is a finite-state machine interpreter, and aside from the actions it executes the same code over and over. Only the values of variables show where in the grammar it is working.

The debugging information normally gives the token type of each token read, but not its semantic value. You can optionally define a macro named YYPRINT to provide a way to print the value. If you define YYPRINT, it should take three arguments. The parser will pass a standard I/O stream, the numeric code for the token type, and the token value (from yylval).

Here is an example of YYPRINT suitable for the multi-function calculator (see section Declarations for mfcalc):

 
#define YYPRINT(file, type, value)   yyprint (file, type, value)

static void
yyprint (file, type, value)
     FILE *file;
     int type;
     YYSTYPE value;
{
  if (type == VAR)
    fprintf (file, " %s", value.tptr->name);
  else if (type == NUM)
    fprintf (file, " %d", value.val);
}

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1. The Concepts of Bison

This chapter introduces many of the basic concepts without which the details of Bison will not make sense. If you do not already know how to use Bison or Yacc, we suggest you start by reading this chapter carefully.

1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars  Languages and context-free grammars, as mathematical ideas.
1.2 From Formal Rules to Bison Input  How we represent grammars for Bison's sake.
1.3 Semantic Values  Each token or syntactic grouping can have a semantic value (the value of an integer, the name of an identifier, etc.).
1.4 Semantic Actions  Each rule can have an action containing C code.
1.5 Bison Output: the Parser File  What are Bison's input and output, how is the output used?
1.6 Stages in Using Bison  Stages in writing and running Bison grammars.
1.7 The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar  Overall structure of a Bison grammar file.

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1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars

In order for Bison to parse a language, it must be described by a context-free grammar. This means that you specify one or more syntactic groupings and give rules for constructing them from their parts. For example, in the C language, one kind of grouping is called an `expression'. One rule for making an expression might be, "An expression can be made of a minus sign and another expression". Another would be, "An expression can be an integer". As you can see, rules are often recursive, but there must be at least one rule which leads out of the recursion.

The most common formal system for presenting such rules for humans to read is Backus-Naur Form or "BNF", which was developed in order to specify the language Algol 60. Any grammar expressed in BNF is a context-free grammar. The input to Bison is essentially machine-readable BNF.

Not all context-free languages can be handled by Bison, only those that are LALR(1). In brief, this means that it must be possible to tell how to parse any portion of an input string with just a single token of look-ahead. Strictly speaking, that is a description of an LR(1) grammar, and LALR(1) involves additional restrictions that are hard to explain simply; but it is rare in actual practice to find an LR(1) grammar that fails to be LALR(1). See section Mysterious Reduce/Reduce Conflicts, for more information on this.

In the formal grammatical rules for a language, each kind of syntactic unit or grouping is named by a symbol. Those which are built by grouping smaller constructs according to grammatical rules are called nonterminal symbols; those which can't be subdivided are called terminal symbols or token types. We call a piece of input corresponding to a single terminal symbol a token, and a piece corresponding to a single nonterminal symbol a grouping.

We can use the C language as an example of what symbols, terminal and nonterminal, mean. The tokens of C are identifiers, constants (numeric and string), and the various keywords, arithmetic operators and punctuation marks. So the terminal symbols of a grammar for C include `identifier', `number', `string', plus one symbol for each keyword, operator or punctuation mark: `if', `return', `const', `static', `int', `char', `plus-sign', `open-brace', `close-brace', `comma' and many more. (These tokens can be subdivided into characters, but that is a matter of lexicography, not grammar.)

Here is a simple C function subdivided into tokens:

 
int             /* keyword `int' */
square (x)      /* identifier, open-paren, */
                /* identifier, close-paren */
     int x;     /* keyword `int', identifier, semicolon */
{               /* open-brace */
  return x * x; /* keyword `return', identifier, */
                /* asterisk, identifier, semicolon */
}               /* close-brace */

The syntactic groupings of C include the expression, the statement, the declaration, and the function definition. These are represented in the grammar of C by nonterminal symbols `expression', `statement', `declaration' and `function definition'. The full grammar uses dozens of additional language constructs, each with its own nonterminal symbol, in order to express the meanings of these four. The example above is a function definition; it contains one declaration, and one statement. In the statement, each `x' is an expression and so is `x * x'.

Each nonterminal symbol must have grammatical rules showing how it is made out of simpler constructs. For example, one kind of C statement is the return statement; this would be described with a grammar rule which reads informally as follows:

A `statement' can be made of a `return' keyword, an `expression' and a `semicolon'.

There would be many other rules for `statement', one for each kind of statement in C.

One nonterminal symbol must be distinguished as the special one which defines a complete utterance in the language. It is called the start symbol. In a compiler, this means a complete input program. In the C language, the nonterminal symbol `sequence of definitions and declarations' plays this role.

For example, `1 + 2' is a valid C expression--a valid part of a C program--but it is not valid as an entire C program. In the context-free grammar of C, this follows from the fact that `expression' is not the start symbol.

The Bison parser reads a sequence of tokens as its input, and groups the tokens using the grammar rules. If the input is valid, the end result is that the entire token sequence reduces to a single grouping whose symbol is the grammar's start symbol. If we use a grammar for C, the entire input must be a `sequence of definitions and declarations'. If not, the parser reports a syntax error.

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1.2 From Formal Rules to Bison Input

A formal grammar is a mathematical construct. To define the language for Bison, you must write a file expressing the grammar in Bison syntax: a Bison grammar file. See section Bison Grammar Files.

A nonterminal symbol in the formal grammar is represented in Bison input as an identifier, like an identifier in C. By convention, it should be in lower case, such as expr, stmt or declaration.

The Bison representation for a terminal symbol is also called a token type. Token types as well can be represented as C-like identifiers. By convention, these identifiers should be upper case to distinguish them from nonterminals: for example, INTEGER, IDENTIFIER, IF or RETURN. A terminal symbol that stands for a particular keyword in the language should be named after that keyword converted to upper case. The terminal symbol error is reserved for error recovery. See section 3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal.

A terminal symbol can also be represented as a character literal, just like a C character constant. You should do this whenever a token is just a single character (parenthesis, plus-sign, etc.): use that same character in a literal as the terminal symbol for that token.

A third way to represent a terminal symbol is with a C string constant containing several characters. See section 3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal, for more information.

The grammar rules also have an expression in Bison syntax. For example, here is the Bison rule for a C return statement. The semicolon in quotes is a literal character token, representing part of the C syntax for the statement; the naked semicolon, and the colon, are Bison punctuation used in every rule.

 
stmt:   RETURN expr ';'
        ;

See section Syntax of Grammar Rules.

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1.3 Semantic Values

A formal grammar selects tokens only by their classifications: for example, if a rule mentions the terminal symbol `integer constant', it means that any integer constant is grammatically valid in that position. The precise value of the constant is irrelevant to how to parse the input: if `x+4' is grammatical then `x+1' or `x+3989' is equally grammatical.

But the precise value is very important for what the input means once it is parsed. A compiler is useless if it fails to distinguish between 4, 1 and 3989 as constants in the program! Therefore, each token in a Bison grammar has both a token type and a semantic value. See section Defining Language Semantics, for details.

The token type is a terminal symbol defined in the grammar, such as INTEGER, IDENTIFIER or ','. It tells everything you need to know to decide where the token may validly appear and how to group it with other tokens. The grammar rules know nothing about tokens except their types.

The semantic value has all the rest of the information about the meaning of the token, such as the value of an integer, or the name of an identifier. (A token such as ',' which is just punctuation doesn't need to have any semantic value.)

For example, an input token might be classified as token type INTEGER and have the semantic value 4. Another input token might have the same token type INTEGER but value 3989. When a grammar rule says that INTEGER is allowed, either of these tokens is acceptable because each is an INTEGER. When the parser accepts the token, it keeps track of the token's semantic value.

Each grouping can also have a semantic value as well as its nonterminal symbol. For example, in a calculator, an expression typically has a semantic value that is a number. In a compiler for a programming language, an expression typically has a semantic value that is a tree structure describing the meaning of the expression.

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1.4 Semantic Actions

In order to be useful, a program must do more than parse input; it must also produce some output based on the input. In a Bison grammar, a grammar rule can have an action made up of C statements. Each time the parser recognizes a match for that rule, the action is executed. See section 3.5.3 Actions. Most of the time, the purpose of an action is to compute the semantic value of the whole construct from the semantic values of its parts. For example, suppose we have a rule which says an expression can be the sum of two expressions. When the parser recognizes such a sum, each of the subexpressions has a semantic value which describes how it was built up. The action for this rule should create a similar sort of value for the newly recognized larger expression.

For example, here is a rule that says an expression can be the sum of two subexpressions:

 
expr: expr '+' expr   { $$ = $1 + $3; }
        ;

The action says how to produce the semantic value of the sum expression from the values of the two subexpressions.

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1.5 Bison Output: the Parser File

When you run Bison, you give it a Bison grammar file as input. The output is a C source file that parses the language described by the grammar. This file is called a Bison parser. Keep in mind that the Bison utility and the Bison parser are two distinct programs: the Bison utility is a program whose output is the Bison parser that becomes part of your program.

The job of the Bison parser is to group tokens into groupings according to the grammar rules--for example, to build identifiers and operators into expressions. As it does this, it runs the actions for the grammar rules it uses.

The tokens come from a function called the lexical analyzer that you must supply in some fashion (such as by writing it in C). The Bison parser calls the lexical analyzer each time it wants a new token. It doesn't know what is "inside" the tokens (though their semantic values may reflect this). Typically the lexical analyzer makes the tokens by parsing characters of text, but Bison does not depend on this. See section The Lexical Analyzer Function yylex.

The Bison parser file is C code which defines a function named yyparse which implements that grammar. This function does not make a complete C program: you must supply some additional functions. One is the lexical analyzer. Another is an error-reporting function which the parser calls to report an error. In addition, a complete C program must start with a function called main; you have to provide this, and arrange for it to call yyparse or the parser will never run. See section Parser C-Language Interface.

Aside from the token type names and the symbols in the actions you write, all variable and function names used in the Bison parser file begin with `yy' or `YY'. This includes interface functions such as the lexical analyzer function yylex, the error reporting function yyerror and the parser function yyparse itself. This also includes numerous identifiers used for internal purposes. Therefore, you should avoid using C identifiers starting with `yy' or `YY' in the Bison grammar file except for the ones defined in this manual.

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1.6 Stages in Using Bison

The actual language-design process using Bison, from grammar specification to a working compiler or interpreter, has these parts:

  1. Formally specify the grammar in a form recognized by Bison (see section Bison Grammar Files). For each grammatical rule in the language, describe the action that is to be taken when an instance of that rule is recognized. The action is described by a sequence of C statements.

  2. Write a lexical analyzer to process input and pass tokens to the parser. The lexical analyzer may be written by hand in C (see section The Lexical Analyzer Function yylex). It could also be produced using Lex, but the use of Lex is not discussed in this manual.

  3. Write a controlling function that calls the Bison-produced parser.

  4. Write error-reporting routines.

To turn this source code as written into a runnable program, you must follow these steps:

  1. Run Bison on the grammar to produce the parser.

  2. Compile the code output by Bison, as well as any other source files.

  3. Link the object files to produce the finished product.

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1.7 The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar

The input file for the Bison utility is a Bison grammar file. The general form of a Bison grammar file is as follows:

 
%{
C declarations
%}

Bison declarations

%%
Grammar rules
%%
Additional C code

The `%%', `%{' and `%}' are punctuation that appears in every Bison grammar file to separate the sections.

The C declarations may define types and variables used in the actions. You can also use preprocessor commands to define macros used there, and use #include to include header files that do any of these things.

The Bison declarations declare the names of the terminal and nonterminal symbols, and may also describe operator precedence and the data types of semantic values of various symbols.

The grammar rules define how to construct each nonterminal symbol from its parts.

The additional C code can contain any C code you want to use. Often the definition of the lexical analyzer yylex goes here, plus subroutines called by the actions in the grammar rules. In a simple program, all the rest of the program can go here.

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Short Table of Contents

Introduction
Conditions for Using Bison
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
1. The Concepts of Bison
2. Examples
3. Bison Grammar Files
4. Parser C-Language Interface
5. The Bison Parser Algorithm
6. Error Recovery
7. Handling Context Dependencies
8. Debugging Your Parser
9. Invoking Bison
A. Bison Symbols
B. Glossary
Index

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Table of Contents

Introduction
Conditions for Using Bison
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Preamble
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
1. The Concepts of Bison
1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars
1.2 From Formal Rules to Bison Input
1.3 Semantic Values
1.4 Semantic Actions
1.5 Bison Output: the Parser File
1.6 Stages in Using Bison
1.7 The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar
2. Examples
2.1 Reverse Polish Notation Calculator
2.1.1 Declarations for rpcalc
2.1.2 Grammar Rules for rpcalc
2.1.2.1 Explanation of input
2.1.2.2 Explanation of line
2.1.2.3 Explanation of expr
2.1.3 The rpcalc Lexical Analyzer
2.1.4 The Controlling Function
2.1.5 The Error Reporting Routine
2.1.6 Running Bison to Make the Parser
2.1.7 Compiling the Parser File
2.2 Infix Notation Calculator: calc
2.3 Simple Error Recovery
2.4 Multi-Function Calculator: mfcalc
2.4.1 Declarations for mfcalc
2.4.2 Grammar Rules for mfcalc
2.4.3 The mfcalc Symbol Table
2.5 Exercises
3. Bison Grammar Files
3.1 Outline of a Bison Grammar
3.1.1 The C Declarations Section
3.1.2 The Bison Declarations Section
3.1.3 The Grammar Rules Section
3.1.4 The Additional C Code Section
3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal
3.3 Syntax of Grammar Rules
3.4 Recursive Rules
3.5 Defining Language Semantics
3.5.1 Data Types of Semantic Values
3.5.2 More Than One Value Type
3.5.3 Actions
3.5.4 Data Types of Values in Actions
3.5.5 Actions in Mid-Rule
3.6 Bison Declarations
3.6.1 Token Type Names
3.6.2 Operator Precedence
3.6.3 The Collection of Value Types
3.6.4 Nonterminal Symbols
3.6.5 Suppressing Conflict Warnings
3.6.6 The Start-Symbol
3.6.7 A Pure (Reentrant) Parser
3.6.8 Bison Declaration Summary
3.7 Multiple Parsers in the Same Program
4. Parser C-Language Interface
4.1 The Parser Function yyparse
4.2 The Lexical Analyzer Function yylex
4.2.1 Calling Convention for yylex
4.2.2 Semantic Values of Tokens
4.2.3 Textual Positions of Tokens
4.2.4 Calling Conventions for Pure Parsers
4.3 The Error Reporting Function yyerror
4.4 Special Features for Use in Actions
5. The Bison Parser Algorithm
5.1 Look-Ahead Tokens
5.2 Shift/Reduce Conflicts
5.3 Operator Precedence
5.3.1 When Precedence is Needed
5.3.2 Specifying Operator Precedence
5.3.3 Precedence Examples
5.3.4 How Precedence Works
5.4 Context-Dependent Precedence
5.5 Parser States
5.6 Reduce/Reduce Conflicts
5.7 Mysterious Reduce/Reduce Conflicts
5.8 Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid It
6. Error Recovery
7. Handling Context Dependencies
7.1 Semantic Info in Token Types
7.2 Lexical Tie-ins
7.3 Lexical Tie-ins and Error Recovery
8. Debugging Your Parser
9. Invoking Bison
9.1 Bison Options
9.2 Option Cross Key
9.3 Invoking Bison under VMS
A. Bison Symbols
B. Glossary
Index

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 2, June 1991

 
Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

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Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

  1. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".

    Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

  2. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.

    You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

  3. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

    1. You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.

    2. You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.

    3. If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

    These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.

    Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.

    In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.

  4. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

    1. Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

    2. Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

    3. Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

    The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.

    If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

  5. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

  6. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.

  7. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.

  8. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

    If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.

    It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.

    This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

  9. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

  10. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

    Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

  11. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

    NO WARRANTY

  12. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

  13. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

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How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

 
one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.
Copyright (C) 19yy  name of author

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

 
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details 
type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:

 
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice

This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.

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This document was generated by Frank B. Brokken on January, 28 2005 using texi2html bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/html/bison_15.html0000664000175000017500000006275514700504612020420 0ustar frankfrank Bison 2.21.5: Index
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Index

Jump to:   $   %   @   |  
A   B   C   D   E   F   G   I   L   M   N   O   P   R   S   T   U   V   W   Y  

Index Entry Section
$
$$3.5.3 Actions
$n3.5.3 Actions
%
%expect3.6.5 Suppressing Conflict Warnings
%left5.3.2 Specifying Operator Precedence
%nonassoc5.3.2 Specifying Operator Precedence
%prec5.4 Context-Dependent Precedence
%pure_parser3.6.7 A Pure (Reentrant) Parser
%right5.3.2 Specifying Operator Precedence
%start3.6.6 The Start-Symbol
%token3.6.1 Token Type Names
%type3.6.4 Nonterminal Symbols
%union3.6.3 The Collection of Value Types
@
@n4.4 Special Features for Use in Actions
|
|3.3 Syntax of Grammar Rules
A
action3.5.3 Actions
action data types3.5.4 Data Types of Values in Actions
action features summary4.4 Special Features for Use in Actions
actions in mid-rule3.5.5 Actions in Mid-Rule
actions, semantic1.4 Semantic Actions
additional C code section3.1.4 The Additional C Code Section
algorithm of parser5. The Bison Parser Algorithm
associativity5.3.1 When Precedence is Needed
B
Backus-Naur form1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars
Bison declaration summary3.6.8 Bison Declaration Summary
Bison declarations3.6 Bison Declarations
Bison declarations (introduction)3.1.2 The Bison Declarations Section
Bison grammar1.2 From Formal Rules to Bison Input
Bison invocation9. Invoking Bison
Bison parser1.5 Bison Output: the Parser File
Bison parser algorithm5. The Bison Parser Algorithm
Bison symbols, table ofA. Bison Symbols
Bison utility1.5 Bison Output: the Parser File
BNF1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars
C
C code, section for additional3.1.4 The Additional C Code Section
C declarations section3.1.1 The C Declarations Section
C-language interface4. Parser C-Language Interface
calc2.2 Infix Notation Calculator: calc
calculator, infix notation2.2 Infix Notation Calculator: calc
calculator, multi-function2.4 Multi-Function Calculator: mfcalc
calculator, simple2.1 Reverse Polish Notation Calculator
character token3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal
compiling the parser2.1.7 Compiling the Parser File
conflicts5.2 Shift/Reduce Conflicts
conflicts, reduce/reduce5.6 Reduce/Reduce Conflicts
conflicts, suppressing warnings of3.6.5 Suppressing Conflict Warnings
context-dependent precedence5.4 Context-Dependent Precedence
context-free grammar1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars
controlling function2.1.4 The Controlling Function
D
dangling else5.2 Shift/Reduce Conflicts
data types in actions3.5.4 Data Types of Values in Actions
data types of semantic values3.5.1 Data Types of Semantic Values
debugging8. Debugging Your Parser
declaration summary3.6.8 Bison Declaration Summary
declarations, Bison3.6 Bison Declarations
declarations, Bison (introduction)3.1.2 The Bison Declarations Section
declarations, C3.1.1 The C Declarations Section
declaring literal string tokens3.6.1 Token Type Names
declaring operator precedence3.6.2 Operator Precedence
declaring the start symbol3.6.6 The Start-Symbol
declaring token type names3.6.1 Token Type Names
declaring value types3.6.3 The Collection of Value Types
declaring value types, nonterminals3.6.4 Nonterminal Symbols
default action3.5.3 Actions
default data type3.5.1 Data Types of Semantic Values
default stack limit5.8 Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid It
default start symbol3.6.6 The Start-Symbol
defining language semantics3.5 Defining Language Semantics
E
else, dangling5.2 Shift/Reduce Conflicts
error6. Error Recovery
error recovery6. Error Recovery
error recovery, simple2.3 Simple Error Recovery
error reporting function4.3 The Error Reporting Function yyerror
error reporting routine2.1.5 The Error Reporting Routine
examples, simple2. Examples
exercises2.5 Exercises
F
file format1.7 The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar
finite-state machine5.5 Parser States
formal grammar1.2 From Formal Rules to Bison Input
format of grammar file1.7 The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar
G
glossaryB. Glossary
grammar file1.7 The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar
grammar rule syntax3.3 Syntax of Grammar Rules
grammar rules section3.1.3 The Grammar Rules Section
grammar, Bison1.2 From Formal Rules to Bison Input
grammar, context-free1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars
grouping, syntactic1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars
I
infix notation calculator2.2 Infix Notation Calculator: calc
interface4. Parser C-Language Interface
introductionIntroduction
invoking Bison9. Invoking Bison
invoking Bison under VMS9.3 Invoking Bison under VMS
L
LALR(1)5.7 Mysterious Reduce/Reduce Conflicts
language semantics, defining3.5 Defining Language Semantics
layout of Bison grammar1.7 The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar
left recursion3.4 Recursive Rules
lexical analyzer4.2 The Lexical Analyzer Function yylex
lexical analyzer, purpose1.5 Bison Output: the Parser File
lexical analyzer, writing2.1.3 The rpcalc Lexical Analyzer
lexical tie-in7.2 Lexical Tie-ins
literal string token3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal
literal token3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal
look-ahead token5.1 Look-Ahead Tokens
LR(1)5.7 Mysterious Reduce/Reduce Conflicts

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4. Parser C-Language Interface

The Bison parser is actually a C function named yyparse. Here we describe the interface conventions of yyparse and the other functions that it needs to use.

Keep in mind that the parser uses many C identifiers starting with `yy' and `YY' for internal purposes. If you use such an identifier (aside from those in this manual) in an action or in additional C code in the grammar file, you are likely to run into trouble.

4.1 The Parser Function yyparse  How to call yyparse and what it returns.
4.2 The Lexical Analyzer Function yylex  You must supply a function yylex which reads tokens.
4.3 The Error Reporting Function yyerror  You must supply a function yyerror.
4.4 Special Features for Use in Actions  Special features for use in actions.

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4.1 The Parser Function yyparse

You call the function yyparse to cause parsing to occur. This function reads tokens, executes actions, and ultimately returns when it encounters end-of-input or an unrecoverable syntax error. You can also write an action which directs yyparse to return immediately without reading further.

The value returned by yyparse is 0 if parsing was successful (return is due to end-of-input).

The value is 1 if parsing failed (return is due to a syntax error).

In an action, you can cause immediate return from yyparse by using these macros:

YYACCEPT
Return immediately with value 0 (to report success).

YYABORT
Return immediately with value 1 (to report failure).

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4.2 The Lexical Analyzer Function yylex

The lexical analyzer function, yylex, recognizes tokens from the input stream and returns them to the parser. Bison does not create this function automatically; you must write it so that yyparse can call it. The function is sometimes referred to as a lexical scanner.

In simple programs, yylex is often defined at the end of the Bison grammar file. If yylex is defined in a separate source file, you need to arrange for the token-type macro definitions to be available there. To do this, use the `-d' option when you run Bison, so that it will write these macro definitions into a separate header file `name.tab.h' which you can include in the other source files that need it. See section Invoking Bison.

4.2.1 Calling Convention for yylex  How yyparse calls yylex.
4.2.2 Semantic Values of Tokens  How yylex must return the semantic value of the token it has read.
4.2.3 Textual Positions of Tokens  How yylex must return the text position
(line number, etc.) of the token, if the
actions want that.
4.2.4 Calling Conventions for Pure Parsers  How the calling convention differs in a pure parser (@pxref{Pure Decl, ,A Pure (Reentrant) Parser}).

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4.2.1 Calling Convention for yylex

The value that yylex returns must be the numeric code for the type of token it has just found, or 0 for end-of-input.

When a token is referred to in the grammar rules by a name, that name in the parser file becomes a C macro whose definition is the proper numeric code for that token type. So yylex can use the name to indicate that type. See section 3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal.

When a token is referred to in the grammar rules by a character literal, the numeric code for that character is also the code for the token type. So yylex can simply return that character code. The null character must not be used this way, because its code is zero and that is what signifies end-of-input.

Here is an example showing these things:

 
yylex ()
{
  ...
  if (c == EOF)     /* Detect end of file. */
    return 0;
  ...
  if (c == '+' || c == '-')
    return c;      /* Assume token type for `+' is '+'. */
  ...
  return INT;      /* Return the type of the token. */
  ...
}

This interface has been designed so that the output from the lex utility can be used without change as the definition of yylex.

If the grammar uses literal string tokens, there are two ways that yylex can determine the token type codes for them:

  • If the grammar defines symbolic token names as aliases for the literal string tokens, yylex can use these symbolic names like all others. In this case, the use of the literal string tokens in the grammar file has no effect on yylex.

  • yylex can find the multi-character token in the yytname table. The index of the token in the table is the token type's code. The name of a multi-character token is recorded in yytname with a double-quote, the token's characters, and another double-quote. The token's characters are not escaped in any way; they appear verbatim in the contents of the string in the table.

    Here's code for looking up a token in yytname, assuming that the characters of the token are stored in token_buffer.

     
    for (i = 0; i < YYNTOKENS; i++)
  {
    if (yytname[i] != 0
        && yytname[i][0] == '"'
        && strncmp (yytname[i] + 1, token_buffer,
                    strlen (token_buffer))
        && yytname[i][strlen (token_buffer) + 1] == '"'
        && yytname[i][strlen (token_buffer) + 2] == 0)
      break;
  }

    The yytname table is generated only if you use the %token_table declaration. See section 3.6.8 Bison Declaration Summary.

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4.2.2 Semantic Values of Tokens

In an ordinary (nonreentrant) parser, the semantic value of the token must be stored into the global variable yylval. When you are using just one data type for semantic values, yylval has that type. Thus, if the type is int (the default), you might write this in yylex:

 
  ...
  yylval = value;  /* Put value onto Bison stack. */
  return INT;      /* Return the type of the token. */
  ...

When you are using multiple data types, yylval's type is a union made from the %union declaration (see section The Collection of Value Types). So when you store a token's value, you must use the proper member of the union. If the %union declaration looks like this:

 
%union {
  int intval;
  double val;
  symrec *tptr;
}

then the code in yylex might look like this:

 
  ...
  yylval.intval = value; /* Put value onto Bison stack. */
  return INT;          /* Return the type of the token. */
  ...

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4.2.3 Textual Positions of Tokens

If you are using the `@n'-feature (see section Special Features for Use in Actions) in actions to keep track of the textual locations of tokens and groupings, then you must provide this information in yylex. The function yyparse expects to find the textual location of a token just parsed in the global variable yylloc. So yylex must store the proper data in that variable. The value of yylloc is a structure and you need only initialize the members that are going to be used by the actions. The four members are called first_line, first_column, last_line and last_column. Note that the use of this feature makes the parser noticeably slower.

The data type of yylloc has the name YYLTYPE.

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4.2.4 Calling Conventions for Pure Parsers

When you use the Bison declaration %pure_parser to request a pure, reentrant parser, the global communication variables yylval and yylloc cannot be used. (See section A Pure (Reentrant) Parser.) In such parsers the two global variables are replaced by pointers passed as arguments to yylex. You must declare them as shown here, and pass the information back by storing it through those pointers.

 
yylex (lvalp, llocp)
     YYSTYPE *lvalp;
     YYLTYPE *llocp;
{
  ...
  *lvalp = value;  /* Put value onto Bison stack.  */
  return INT;      /* Return the type of the token.  */
  ...
}

If the grammar file does not use the `@' constructs to refer to textual positions, then the type YYLTYPE will not be defined. In this case, omit the second argument; yylex will be called with only one argument.

If you use a reentrant parser, you can optionally pass additional parameter information to it in a reentrant way. To do so, define the macro YYPARSE_PARAM as a variable name. This modifies the yyparse function to accept one argument, of type void *, with that name.

When you call yyparse, pass the address of an object, casting the address to void *. The grammar actions can refer to the contents of the object by casting the pointer value back to its proper type and then dereferencing it. Here's an example. Write this in the parser:

 
%{
struct parser_control
{
  int nastiness;
  int randomness;
};

#define YYPARSE_PARAM parm
%}

Then call the parser like this:

 
struct parser_control
{
  int nastiness;
  int randomness;
};

...

{
  struct parser_control foo;
  ...  /* Store proper data in foo.  */
  value = yyparse ((void *) &foo);
  ...
}

In the grammar actions, use expressions like this to refer to the data:

 
((struct parser_control *) parm)->randomness

If you wish to pass the additional parameter data to yylex, define the macro YYLEX_PARAM just like YYPARSE_PARAM, as shown here:

 
%{
struct parser_control
{
  int nastiness;
  int randomness;
};

#define YYPARSE_PARAM parm
#define YYLEX_PARAM parm
%}

You should then define yylex to accept one additional argument--the value of parm. (This makes either two or three arguments in total, depending on whether an argument of type YYLTYPE is passed.) You can declare the argument as a pointer to the proper object type, or you can declare it as void * and access the contents as shown above.

You can use `%pure_parser' to request a reentrant parser without also using YYPARSE_PARAM. Then you should call yyparse with no arguments, as usual.

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4.3 The Error Reporting Function yyerror

The Bison parser detects a parse error or syntax error whenever it reads a token which cannot satisfy any syntax rule. A action in the grammar can also explicitly proclaim an error, using the macro YYERROR (see section Special Features for Use in Actions).

The Bison parser expects to report the error by calling an error reporting function named yyerror, which you must supply. It is called by yyparse whenever a syntax error is found, and it receives one argument. For a parse error, the string is normally "parse error".

If you define the macro YYERROR_VERBOSE in the Bison declarations section (see section The Bison Declarations Section), then Bison provides a more verbose and specific error message string instead of just plain "parse error". It doesn't matter what definition you use for YYERROR_VERBOSE, just whether you define it.

The parser can detect one other kind of error: stack overflow. This happens when the input contains constructions that are very deeply nested. It isn't likely you will encounter this, since the Bison parser extends its stack automatically up to a very large limit. But if overflow happens, yyparse calls yyerror in the usual fashion, except that the argument string is "parser stack overflow".

The following definition suffices in simple programs:

 
yyerror (s)
     char *s;
{
  fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", s);
}

After yyerror returns to yyparse, the latter will attempt error recovery if you have written suitable error recovery grammar rules (see section 6. Error Recovery). If recovery is impossible, yyparse will immediately return 1.

The variable yynerrs contains the number of syntax errors encountered so far. Normally this variable is global; but if you request a pure parser (see section A Pure (Reentrant) Parser) then it is a local variable which only the actions can access.

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4.4 Special Features for Use in Actions

Here is a table of Bison constructs, variables and macros that are useful in actions.

`$$'
Acts like a variable that contains the semantic value for the grouping made by the current rule. See section 3.5.3 Actions.

`$n'
Acts like a variable that contains the semantic value for the nth component of the current rule. See section 3.5.3 Actions.

`$<typealt>$'
Like $$ but specifies alternative typealt in the union specified by the %union declaration. See section Data Types of Values in Actions.

`$<typealt>n'
Like $n but specifies alternative typealt in the union specified by the %union declaration. See section Data Types of Values in Actions.

`YYABORT;'
Return immediately from yyparse, indicating failure. See section The Parser Function yyparse.

`YYACCEPT;'
Return immediately from yyparse, indicating success. See section The Parser Function yyparse.

`YYBACKUP (token, value);'
Unshift a token. This macro is allowed only for rules that reduce a single value, and only when there is no look-ahead token. It installs a look-ahead token with token type token and semantic value value; then it discards the value that was going to be reduced by this rule.

If the macro is used when it is not valid, such as when there is a look-ahead token already, then it reports a syntax error with a message `cannot back up' and performs ordinary error recovery.

In either case, the rest of the action is not executed.

`YYEMPTY'
Value stored in yychar when there is no look-ahead token.

`YYERROR;'
Cause an immediate syntax error. This statement initiates error recovery just as if the parser itself had detected an error; however, it does not call yyerror, and does not print any message. If you want to print an error message, call yyerror explicitly before the `YYERROR;' statement. See section 6. Error Recovery.

`YYRECOVERING'
This macro stands for an expression that has the value 1 when the parser is recovering from a syntax error, and 0 the rest of the time. See section 6. Error Recovery.

`yychar'
Variable containing the current look-ahead token. (In a pure parser, this is actually a local variable within yyparse.) When there is no look-ahead token, the value YYEMPTY is stored in the variable. See section Look-Ahead Tokens.

`yyclearin;'
Discard the current look-ahead token. This is useful primarily in error rules. See section 6. Error Recovery.

`yyerrok;'
Resume generating error messages immediately for subsequent syntax errors. This is useful primarily in error rules. See section 6. Error Recovery.

`@n'
Acts like a structure variable containing information on the line numbers and column numbers of the nth component of the current rule. The structure has four members, like this:

 
struct {
  int first_line, last_line;
  int first_column, last_column;
};

Thus, to get the starting line number of the third component, you would use `@3.first_line'.

In order for the members of this structure to contain valid information, you must make yylex supply this information about each token. If you need only certain members, then yylex need only fill in those members.

The use of this feature makes the parser noticeably slower.

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This document was generated by Frank B. Brokken on January, 28 2005 using texi2html bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612017310 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/notused/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020771 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/notused/doc0000664000175000017500000000012114700504612021453 0ustar frankfrank This grammar contains 2 unused non-terminals and 2 unused terminal symbols. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/notused/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022265 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/notused/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000021514700504612023634 0ustar frankfrank%token TOKEN_ONE TOKEN_TWO %% start: one | '+' ; one: '-' {} ; unused_one: TOKEN_ONE ; unused_two: TOKEN_TWO ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020100 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/doc0000664000175000017500000000051314700504612020567 0ustar frankfrankA more complex calculator offering types (char, int, double) and functions. Expressions and commands must be entered on lines. Compiling this program may take a little while. To end the program, enter: quit When the program has started the command help will provide an overview of its possibilities. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/demo.cc0000664000175000017500000000101014700504612021323 0ustar frankfrank#include #include #include "parser/parser.h" using namespace std; int main(int argc, char **argv) { Parser parser; cout << "Enter expressions on separate lines\n" "Enter the command help for an overview of the program's " "features\n" "Use quit, or ^c to end the program\n" "Use any program argument to view parser debug output\n"; parser.setDebug(argc > 1); parser.parse(); return 0; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021374 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000620014700504612022405 0ustar frankfrank%token IDENT QUIT LIST INT CHAR DOUBLE DATATYPE ANGLETYPE MATHCONST HELP // A of 'assignment'. Priorities: see C book, p. 518 %right '=' ADDA SUBA MULA DIVA MODA ANDA XORA ORA LSHIFTA RSHIFTA %left '|' %left '^' %left '&' %left LEFTSHIFT RIGHTSHIFT %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' '%' %right uMinus %left '(' %% start: prompt lines ; lines: lines line | line ; line: action prompt ; action: cmd '\n' | error ; prompt: { prompt(); } ; cmd: QUIT { ACCEPT(); } | LIST { list(); } | help { help(); } | angletype | expr { display($1); } | // empty ; angletype: ANGLETYPE { setAngleType(); } ; expr: MATHCONST { $$ = mathConst(); } | CHAR { $$ = newValue(CHAR); } | INT { $$ = newValue(INT); } | DOUBLE { $$ = newValue(DOUBLE); } | IDENT { $$ = newValue(IDENT); } | expr '(' arglist ')' { $$ = call($1, $3); } | '-' expr %prec uMinus { $$ = unary('-', $2); } | '~' expr %prec uMinus { $$ = unary('~', $2); } | '(' type ')' expr %prec uMinus { $$ = unary($2.value().getInt(), $4); } | expr '+' expr { $$ = binary($1, '+', $3); } | expr '-' expr { $$ = binary($1, '-', $3); } | expr '*' expr { $$ = binary($1, '*', $3); } | expr '/' expr { $$ = binary($1, '/', $3); } | expr '%' expr { $$ = binary($1, '%', $3); } | expr '&' expr { $$ = binary($1, '&', $3); } | expr '^' expr { $$ = binary($1, '^', $3); } | expr '|' expr { $$ = binary($1, '|', $3); } | expr RIGHTSHIFT expr { $$ = binary($1, RIGHTSHIFT, $3); } | expr LEFTSHIFT expr { $$ = binary($1, LEFTSHIFT, $3); } | '(' expr ')' { $$ = $2; } | expr '=' expr { $$ = assign($1, '=', $3); } | expr ADDA expr { $$ = assign($1, ADDA, $3); } | expr SUBA expr { $$ = assign($1, SUBA, $3); } | expr MULA expr { $$ = assign($1, MULA, $3); } | expr DIVA expr { $$ = assign($1, DIVA, $3); } | expr MODA expr { $$ = assign($1, MODA, $3); } | expr ANDA expr { $$ = assign($1, ANDA, $3); } | expr ORA expr { $$ = assign($1, ORA, $3); } | expr XORA expr { $$ = assign($1, XORA, $3); } | expr LSHIFTA expr { $$ = assign($1, LSHIFTA, $3); } | expr RSHIFTA expr { $$ = assign($1, RSHIFTA, $3); } ; arglist: arglist ',' expr { $$ = addArg($1, $3); } | expr { $$ = firstArg($1); } ; type: DATATYPE { $$ = setDataType(); } ; help: '?' | HELP ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_lvalue.cc0000664000175000017500000000054414700504612023335 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" RuleValue &Parser::lvalue(RuleValue &e) { return e.tag() == RuleValue::VARIABLE ? d_value[e.varIdx()] : e; } RuleValue const &Parser::rvalue(RuleValue const &e) const { return e.tag() == RuleValue::VARIABLE ? d_value[e.varIdx()] : e; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/parser.h0000664000175000017500000000667514700504612023057 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included #include #include #include #include #include "../rulevalue/_rulevalue.h" // $insert baseclass #include "parserbase.h" // $insert scanner.h #include "../scanner/scanner.h" #undef Parser class Parser: public ParserBase { public: using FunctionMap = std::map; using DoubleMap = std::map; private: enum AngleType { RADIANS, DEG360, DEG400 }; using SymbolMap = std::map; struct ShowVar { std::vector &d_value; ShowVar(std::vector &value); void operator()(SymbolMap::value_type &v); }; // $insert scannerobject Scanner d_scanner; std::string d_lastIdent; AngleType d_angleType; bool d_error; SymbolMap d_symtab; std::vector d_value; static FunctionMap s_functions; static DoubleMap s_doubles; public: Parser(); int parse(); private: RuleValue call(RuleValue const &funName, RuleValue &argv); void error(); // called on (syntax) errors // called on semantic errors void error(bool ifTrue, char const *msg); int lex(); // returns the next token from the // lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc RuleValue &addArg(RuleValue &argv, RuleValue &arg); double angle(double radians); RuleValue &assign(RuleValue &lvalue, int operation, RuleValue const &rvalue); RuleValue binary(RuleValue lvalue, int operation, RuleValue const &rvalue); void display(RuleValue const &e); void div0(RuleValue const &vl, RuleValue const &vr); RuleValue firstArg(RuleValue &rv); RuleValue function(RuleValue const &fun, RuleValue const &e); RuleValue function(RuleValue const &fun, RuleValue const &arg1, RuleValue const &arg2); void integral(RuleValue const &v1); void help(); void integral(RuleValue const &v1, RuleValue const &v2); void list(); RuleValue &lvalue(RuleValue &e); RuleValue mathConst(); void prompt(); double radians(double angle); RuleValue const &rvalue(RuleValue const &e) const; void setAngleType(); RuleValue setDataType(); RuleValue setFunction(); void storeIdent(); RuleValue unary(int operation, RuleValue const &e); RuleValue newValue(int typeToken); RuleValue variable(); RuleValue identValue(); // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextCycle_(); void nextToken_(); void print_(); void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc); }; inline Parser::Parser() : d_value(1) {} #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_newvalue.cc0000664000175000017500000000066114700504612023673 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" RuleValue Parser::newValue(int typeToken) { switch (typeToken) { case CHAR: return RuleValue( static_cast(A2x(d_scanner.matched().substr(1)))); case INT: return RuleValue(static_cast(A2x(d_scanner.matched()))); case IDENT: return identValue(); } return RuleValue(static_cast(A2x(d_scanner.matched()))); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_identvalue.cc0000664000175000017500000000116214700504612024202 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" RuleValue Parser::identValue() { DoubleMap::iterator doubleIt = s_doubles.find(d_scanner.matched()); if (doubleIt != s_doubles.end()) return RuleValue(doubleIt->second); FunctionMap::iterator funIt = s_functions.find(d_scanner.matched()); if (funIt != s_functions.end()) return RuleValue(funIt->second); unsigned symbolIdx = d_symtab[d_scanner.matched()]; if (symbolIdx == 0) // new identifier { d_symtab[d_scanner.matched()] = symbolIdx = d_value.size(); d_value.push_back(0); } return RuleValue(symbolIdx); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_error.cc0000664000175000017500000000035214700504612023173 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::error() { if (!d_error) cout << "At " << d_scanner.matched() << ": error in expression.\n" "(" << static_cast(d_scanner.matched()[0]) << ")\n"; d_error = true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_angle.cc0000664000175000017500000000044614700504612023134 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" double Parser::angle(double radians) // convert radians to angle type { return d_angleType == RADIANS ? radians : d_angleType == DEG360 ? 180 / M_PI * radians : 200 / M_PI * radians; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_binary.cc0000664000175000017500000000210514700504612023324 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" RuleValue Parser::binary(RuleValue v1, int operation, RuleValue const &v2) { error( v1.tag() == RuleValue::FUNCTION ||v2.tag() == RuleValue::FUNCTION, "Function names have no values. Forgot arguments?" ); RuleValue v1x{ rvalue(v1) }; RuleValue v2x{ rvalue(v2) }; switch (operation) { case '+': v1x += v2x; break; case '-': v1x -= v2x; break; case '*': v1x *= v2x; break; case '/': div0(v1x, v2x); v1x /= v2x; break; case '%': div0(v1x, v2x); integral(v1x, v2x); v1x %= v2x; break; case '&': integral(v1x, v2x); v1x &= v2x; break; case '^': v1x ^= v2x; break; case '|': v1x |= v2x; break; case RIGHTSHIFT: v1x >>= v2x; break; case LEFTSHIFT: v1x <<= v2x; break; } return v1x; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000205014700504612023207 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V4.10.00 on Mon, 27 Apr 2015 13:24:32 +0200 // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. #include #include #include #include "_a2x.h" // $insert class.h #include "parser.h" inline Parser::ShowVar::ShowVar(std::vector &value) : d_value(value) {} inline RuleValue &Parser::addArg(RuleValue &argv, RuleValue &arg) { return argv.push_arg(arg); } // $insert lex inline int Parser::lex() { return d_scanner.lex(); } inline void Parser::print() { print_(); // displays tokens if --print was specified } inline void Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } // Add here includes that are only required for the compilation // of Parser's sources. #include // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // int Parser's sources symbols from the namespace std without // specifying std:: using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_data.cc0000664000175000017500000000331414700504612022754 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" namespace{ using FunMap = Parser::FunctionMap; using Function = RuleValue::Function; FunMap::value_type funArray[] = { FunMap::value_type("abs", Function(static_cast(abs))), FunMap::value_type("sqrt", Function(&sqrt)), FunMap::value_type("exp", Function(&exp)), FunMap::value_type("log", Function(&log)), FunMap::value_type("ln", Function(&log)), FunMap::value_type("log10", Function(&log10)), FunMap::value_type("sin", Function(&sin, Function::RAD_IN_DOUBLE_OUT)), FunMap::value_type("cos", Function(&cos, Function::RAD_IN_DOUBLE_OUT)), FunMap::value_type("tan", Function(&tan, Function::RAD_IN_DOUBLE_OUT)), FunMap::value_type("asin", Function(&asin, Function::DOUBLE_IN_RAD_OUT)), FunMap::value_type("acos", Function(&acos, Function::DOUBLE_IN_RAD_OUT)), FunMap::value_type("atan", Function(&atan, Function::DOUBLE_IN_RAD_OUT)), FunMap::value_type("pow", Function(&pow)), }; unsigned const sizeofFunctionArray = sizeof(funArray) / sizeof(FunMap::value_type); using DoubleValue = Parser::DoubleMap::value_type; DoubleValue doubleArray[] = { DoubleValue("e", M_El), DoubleValue("E", M_El), DoubleValue("pi", M_PI), DoubleValue("PI", M_PI), }; unsigned const sizeofDoubleArray = sizeof(doubleArray) / sizeof(DoubleValue); }; Parser::FunctionMap Parser::s_functions( funArray, funArray + sizeofFunctionArray ); Parser::DoubleMap Parser::s_doubles( doubleArray, doubleArray + sizeofDoubleArray ); bool A2x::s_lastFail = false; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_error2.cc0000664000175000017500000000026514700504612023260 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::error(bool ifTrue, char const *msg) { if (d_error || not ifTrue) return; d_error = true; cout << msg << '\n'; ERROR(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_prompt.cc0000664000175000017500000000014014700504612023356 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::prompt() { cout << "? " << flush; d_error = false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_unary.cc0000664000175000017500000000143214700504612023200 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" RuleValue Parser::unary(int operation, RuleValue const &e) { if (d_error) return e; error(e.tag() == RuleValue::FUNCTION, "Function names have no values. Forgot argument(s)?"); RuleValue value = rvalue(e); switch (operation) { case RuleValue::CHAR: return RuleValue(value.asChar()); case RuleValue::INT: return RuleValue(value.asInt()); case RuleValue::DOUBLE: return RuleValue(value.asDouble()); case '-': return RuleValue(-value); case '~': integral(value); return RuleValue(~value); default: error(true, "Illegal operand for unary operator"); break; } return value; // not reached } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_list.cc0000664000175000017500000000027114700504612023015 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::list() { if (!d_symtab.size()) cout << "No variables\n"; else for_each(d_symtab.begin(), d_symtab.end(), ShowVar(d_value)); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_setangletype.cc0000664000175000017500000000067714700504612024560 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::setAngleType() { string type = d_scanner.matched(); if (type == "rad") { cout << "Angles in radians\n"; d_angleType = RADIANS; } else if (type == "deg") { cout << "Angles in 360-degrees circles\n"; d_angleType = DEG360; } else { cout << "Angles in 400-degrees circles\n"; d_angleType = DEG400; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_setfunction.cc0000664000175000017500000000102114700504612024375 0ustar frankfrank//#include "parser.hh" // //RuleValue Parser::setFunction() //{ // stdFun1Map::iterator it; // see if it's a unary function // // it = s_stdfun1.find(d_lastIdent); // // if (it != s_stdfun1.end()) // return RuleValue(&*it); // // // stdFun2Map::iterator it2; // see if it's a binary function // // it2 = s_stdfun2.find(d_lastIdent); // // if (it2 != s_stdfun2.end()) // return RuleValue(&*it2); // // return variable(); // no, so it must be a variable //} bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_a2x.h0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612026356 2../../annotations/_a2x.hustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_call.cc0000664000175000017500000000231114700504612022752 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" RuleValue Parser::call(RuleValue const &function, RuleValue &argv) { RuleValue ret; if (!d_error) { error(function.tag() != RuleValue::FUNCTION, "No such function"); error(function.fun().arity() != argv.size(), "Incorrect number of arguments"); switch(argv.size()) { case 1: { double value = rvalue(argv[0]).asDouble(); if ( function.fun().type() == RuleValue::Function::RAD_IN_DOUBLE_OUT ) value = radians(value); value = (function.fun().unary())(value); if ( function.fun().type() == RuleValue::Function::DOUBLE_IN_RAD_OUT ) value = angle(value); ret = value; } break; case 2: ret = (function.fun().binary())(rvalue(argv[0]).asDouble(), rvalue(argv[1]).asDouble()); break; } } return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_help.cc0000664000175000017500000000125414700504612022774 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::help() { cout << "Operators:\n" " = += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>=\n" " |\n" " ^\n" " &\n" " << >>\n" " + -\n" " * / %\n" " (typecast) - (unary)\n" "Angle specification selectors: deg (= 360), grad (=400), rad\n" "Unary functions: abs, sqrt, exp, log, ln, log10,\n" " sin, cos, tan asin, acos, atan\n" "Binary function: pow\n" "Data types: char, int, double\n" "Variables are automatically defined when used, initialized to 0\n" "General usage: exit, quit, help, ?, list\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_div0.cc0000664000175000017500000000027414700504612022707 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::div0(RuleValue const &vl, RuleValue const &vr) { error( abs(vl.asDouble()) > 1e100 * abs(vr.asDouble()), "Number too large" ); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_radians.cc0000664000175000017500000000042614700504612023465 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" double Parser::radians(double angle) // convert angles to radians { return d_angleType == RADIANS ? angle : d_angleType == DEG360 ? M_PI / 180 * angle : M_PI / 200 * angle; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_variable.cc0000664000175000017500000000124014700504612023624 0ustar frankfrank// #include "parser.hh" // // RuleValue Parser::variable() // { // // symtab stores the indices of the values of the variables in the // // d_value vector. A new variable will not have an index, so then // // 0 is returned. In that case, the variable's value will be stored // // at the end of the vector, and the variable's index in d_symtab // // is updated accordingly. // // unsigned idx = d_symtab[d_lastIdent]; // // if (idx == 0) // new identifier // { // d_symtab[d_lastIdent] = idx = d_value.size(); // d_value.push_back(0); // } // // return RuleValue(idx, RuleValue::A_VARIABLE); // } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_showvarfun.cc0000664000175000017500000000030614700504612024243 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::ShowVar::operator()(SymbolMap::value_type &v) { cout << v.first << ": " << d_value[v.second] << " (" << d_value[v.second].tagName() << ")" << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000641214700504612022750 0ustar frankfrank%default-actions quiet %scanner ../scanner/scanner.h %baseclass-preinclude ../rulevalue/_rulevalue.h %filenames parser //%debug %stype RuleValue %token IDENT QUIT LIST INT CHAR DOUBLE DATATYPE ANGLETYPE MATHCONST HELP // A of 'assignment'. Priorities: see C book, p. 518 %right '=' ADDA SUBA MULA DIVA MODA ANDA XORA ORA LSHIFTA RSHIFTA %left '|' %left '^' %left '&' %left LEFTSHIFT RIGHTSHIFT %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' '%' %right uMinus %left '(' %% start: prompt lines ; lines: lines line | line ; line: action prompt ; action: cmd '\n' | error ; prompt: { prompt(); } ; cmd: QUIT { ACCEPT(); } | LIST { list(); } | help { help(); } | angletype | expr { display($1); } | // empty ; angletype: ANGLETYPE { setAngleType(); } ; expr: MATHCONST { $$ = mathConst(); } | CHAR { $$ = newValue(CHAR); } | INT { $$ = newValue(INT); } | DOUBLE { $$ = newValue(DOUBLE); } | IDENT { $$ = newValue(IDENT); } | expr '(' arglist ')' { $$ = call($1, $3); } | '-' expr %prec uMinus { $$ = unary('-', $2); } | '~' expr %prec uMinus { $$ = unary('~', $2); } | '(' type ')' expr %prec uMinus { $$ = unary($2.asInt(), $4); } | expr '+' expr { $$ = binary($1, '+', $3); } | expr '-' expr { $$ = binary($1, '-', $3); } | expr '*' expr { $$ = binary($1, '*', $3); } | expr '/' expr { $$ = binary($1, '/', $3); } | expr '%' expr { $$ = binary($1, '%', $3); } | expr '&' expr { $$ = binary($1, '&', $3); } | expr '^' expr { $$ = binary($1, '^', $3); } | expr '|' expr { $$ = binary($1, '|', $3); } | expr RIGHTSHIFT expr { $$ = binary($1, RIGHTSHIFT, $3); } | expr LEFTSHIFT expr { $$ = binary($1, LEFTSHIFT, $3); } | '(' expr ')' { $$ = $2; } | expr '=' expr { $$ = assign($1, '=', $3); } | expr ADDA expr { $$ = assign($1, ADDA, $3); } | expr SUBA expr { $$ = assign($1, SUBA, $3); } | expr MULA expr { $$ = assign($1, MULA, $3); } | expr DIVA expr { $$ = assign($1, DIVA, $3); } | expr MODA expr { $$ = assign($1, MODA, $3); } | expr ANDA expr { $$ = assign($1, ANDA, $3); } | expr ORA expr { $$ = assign($1, ORA, $3); } | expr XORA expr { $$ = assign($1, XORA, $3); } | expr LSHIFTA expr { $$ = assign($1, LSHIFTA, $3); } | expr RSHIFTA expr { $$ = assign($1, RSHIFTA, $3); } ; arglist: arglist ',' expr { $$ = addArg($1, $3); } | expr { $$ = firstArg($1); } ; type: DATATYPE { $$ = setDataType(); } ; help: '?' | HELP ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_mathconst.cc0000664000175000017500000000030614700504612024041 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" RuleValue Parser::mathConst() { string c = d_scanner.matched(); return RuleValue( c == "E" ? M_E : M_PI ); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_assign.cc0000664000175000017500000000256014700504612023331 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" RuleValue &Parser::assign(RuleValue &v1, int operation, RuleValue const &v2) { if (d_error) return v1; error(v1.tag() != RuleValue::VARIABLE, "Non-lvalue in assignment"); error( v2.tag() == RuleValue::FUNCTION, "Function names have no values. Forgot arguments?" ); RuleValue &value = lvalue(v1); RuleValue const &rv2 = rvalue(v2); switch (operation) { case '=': value = rv2; break; case ADDA: value += rv2; break; case SUBA: value -= rv2; break; case MULA: value *= rv2; break; case DIVA: div0(value, rv2); value /= rv2; break; case MODA: div0(value, rv2); integral(value, rv2); value %= rv2; break; case ANDA: integral(value, rv2); value &= rv2; break; case XORA: integral(value, rv2); value ^= rv2; break; case ORA: integral(value, rv2); value ^= rv2; break; case RSHIFTA: integral(value, rv2); value >>= rv2; break; case LSHIFTA: integral(value, rv2); value >>= rv2; break; } return v1; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_storeident.cc0000664000175000017500000000013314700504612024217 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::storeIdent() { d_lastIdent = d_scanner.matched(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_integral.cc0000664000175000017500000000050114700504612023643 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::integral(RuleValue const &v1) { error ( v1.tag() != RuleValue::CHAR && v1.tag() != RuleValue::INT, "Non-integral operand on integral operator" ); } void Parser::integral(RuleValue const &v1, RuleValue const &v2) { integral(v1); integral(v2); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_display.cc0000664000175000017500000000017014700504612023505 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::display(RuleValue const &e) { if (!d_error) cout << rvalue(e) << '\n'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_firstarg.cc0000664000175000017500000000017014700504612023661 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" RuleValue Parser::firstArg(RuleValue &rv) { return RuleValue(new vector(1, rv)); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/parser/_setdatatype.cc0000664000175000017500000000043114700504612024367 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" RuleValue Parser::setDataType() { string type = d_scanner.matched(); return type == "char" ? RuleValue(RuleValue::CHAR) : type == "int" ? RuleValue(RuleValue::INT) : /* double */ RuleValue(RuleValue::DOUBLE); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/scanner/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021531 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/scanner/scanner.ih0000664000175000017500000000006714700504612023507 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.h" #include "../parser/parserbase.h" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/scanner/scanner.h0000664000175000017500000000203014700504612023326 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Flexc++ V0.93.00 on Mon, 20 Feb 2012 13:06:48 +0100 #ifndef Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ #define Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ // $insert baseclass_h #include "scannerbase.h" // $insert classHead class Scanner: public ScannerBase { public: explicit Scanner(std::istream &in = std::cin, std::ostream &out = std::cout); // $insert lexFunctionDecl int lex(); private: int lex_(); int executeAction_(size_t ruleNr); void print(); void preCode(); // re-implement this function for code that must // be exec'ed before the patternmatching starts void postCode(PostEnum_); }; inline void Scanner::postCode(PostEnum_) {} // $insert scannerConstructors inline Scanner::Scanner(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out) : ScannerBase(in, out) {} inline void Scanner::preCode() { // optionally replace by your own code } inline void Scanner::print() { print_(); } #endif // Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/scanner/lexer0000664000175000017500000000412114700504612022571 0ustar frankfrank%interactive %filenames scanner digits [0-9]+ e [eE] sign [-+] %% [ \t]+ {digits} return Parser::INT; {digits}"." | {digits}"."{digits} | {digits}{e}{sign}{digits} | {digits}"."{e}{sign}{digits} | {digits}"."{digits}{e}{sign}{digits} | "."{digits} | "."{e}{sign}{digits} | "."{digits}{e}{sign}{digits} return Parser::DOUBLE; "'"."'" return Parser::CHAR; "+=" return Parser::ADDA; "-=" return Parser::SUBA; "*=" return Parser::MULA; "/=" return Parser::DIVA; "%=" return Parser::MODA; "&=" return Parser::ANDA; "^=" return Parser::XORA; "|=" return Parser::ORA; "<<=" return Parser::LSHIFTA; ">>=" return Parser::RSHIFTA; "<<" return Parser::LEFTSHIFT; ">>" return Parser::RIGHTSHIFT; char | int | double return Parser::DATATYPE; help return Parser::HELP; rad | deg | grad return Parser::ANGLETYPE; list return Parser::LIST; stop | quit | exit return Parser::QUIT; PI | E return Parser::MATHCONST; [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]* return Parser::IDENT; \n|. return matched()[0]; %% bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022104 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_rulevalue1.cc0000664000175000017500000000104614700504612024640 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" RuleValue::RuleValue() : d_tag(ERROR) {} RuleValue::RuleValue(char c) : d_tag(CHAR) { d_value.c = c; } RuleValue::RuleValue(int i) : d_tag(INT) { d_value.i = i; } RuleValue::RuleValue(unsigned s) : d_tag(VARIABLE) { d_value.s = s; } RuleValue::RuleValue(double d) : d_tag(DOUBLE) { d_value.d = d; } RuleValue::RuleValue(Function const &funRef) : d_tag(FUNCTION) { d_value.f = &funRef; } RuleValue::RuleValue(Args *args) : d_tag(ARG_VECTOR) { d_value.args = args; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_operatorarshift.cc0000664000175000017500000000036214700504612025767 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" // Here, the parser makes sure that we're already using integral values RuleValue &RuleValue::operator>>=(RuleValue const &other) { d_value.i = asInt() >> other.asInt(); d_tag = INT; return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_as.cc0000664000175000017500000000137214700504612023160 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" char RuleValue::asChar() const { switch(d_tag) { case CHAR: return d_value.c; case INT: return static_cast(d_value.i); default: return static_cast(d_value.d); } } int RuleValue::asInt() const { switch(d_tag) { case CHAR: return d_value.c; case INT: return d_value.i; default: return static_cast(d_value.d); } } double RuleValue::asDouble() const { switch(d_tag) { case CHAR: return d_value.c; case INT: return d_value.i; default: return d_value.d; } } RuleValue::Function const &RuleValue::fun() const { return *d_value.f; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_rulevalue.h0000664000175000017500000001042214700504612024417 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_RULEVALUE_ #define _INCLUDED_RULEVALUE_ #include #include class RuleValue { public: using Args = std::vector; struct Function { enum Type { DOUBLE_IN_DOUBLE_OUT, DOUBLE_IN_RAD_OUT, // fun expects double, returns radians RAD_IN_DOUBLE_OUT, // fun expects radians, returns double }; union Ptr { double (*unary)(double); double (*binary)(double, double); }; Type d_type; Ptr d_ptr; size_t d_arity; Function(double (*)(double), Type t = DOUBLE_IN_DOUBLE_OUT); Function(double (*)(double, double)); size_t arity() const; double (*unary() const)(double); double (*binary() const)(double, double); double value() const; Type type() const; }; private: union ValueUnion { char c; int i; double d; size_t s; Function const *f; Args *args; }; static char const *s_tagName[]; public: enum ValueTag // modify data.cc if this changes { ERROR, // something failed. CHAR, INT, DOUBLE, VARIABLE, FUNCTION, ARG_VECTOR, }; private: ValueTag d_tag; ValueUnion d_value; public: RuleValue(); RuleValue(char c); RuleValue(int i); RuleValue(double d); RuleValue(unsigned idx); RuleValue(Function const &funRef); RuleValue(Args *args); RuleValue(char const *ident); RuleValue(RuleValue const &other); ~RuleValue(); ValueTag tag() const; char const *tagName() const; char asChar() const; int asInt() const; double asDouble() const; Function const &fun() const; size_t varIdx() const; RuleValue operator-() const; RuleValue operator~() const; RuleValue &operator=(RuleValue const &other); RuleValue &operator+=(RuleValue const &other); RuleValue &operator-=(RuleValue const &other); RuleValue &operator*=(RuleValue const &other); RuleValue &operator/=(RuleValue const &other); RuleValue &operator%=(RuleValue const &other); RuleValue &operator&=(RuleValue const &other); RuleValue &operator^=(RuleValue const &other); RuleValue &operator|=(RuleValue const &other); RuleValue &operator<<=(RuleValue const &other); RuleValue &operator>>=(RuleValue const &other); RuleValue const &operator[](size_t idx) const; size_t size() const; RuleValue &push_arg(RuleValue const &other); private: void destroy(); void copy(RuleValue const &other); }; inline RuleValue::RuleValue(RuleValue const &other) { copy(other); } inline RuleValue::~RuleValue() { destroy(); } inline void RuleValue::destroy() { if (d_tag == ARG_VECTOR) delete d_value.args; } inline RuleValue const &RuleValue::operator[](size_t idx) const { return (*d_value.args)[idx]; } inline RuleValue RuleValue::operator~() const { return RuleValue(~asInt()); } inline RuleValue::ValueTag RuleValue::tag() const { return d_tag; } inline char const *RuleValue::tagName() const { return s_tagName[d_tag]; } inline size_t RuleValue::size() const { return d_value.args->size(); } inline size_t RuleValue::Function::arity() const { return d_arity; } inline RuleValue::Function::Type RuleValue::Function::type() const { return d_type; } inline double (*RuleValue::Function::unary() const)(double) { return d_ptr.unary; } inline double (*RuleValue::Function::binary() const)(double, double) { return d_ptr.binary; } inline RuleValue &RuleValue::push_arg(RuleValue const &value) { d_value.args->push_back(value); return *this; } inline size_t RuleValue::varIdx() const { return d_value.s; } namespace std { ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, RuleValue const &t); } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_function.cc0000664000175000017500000000044014700504612024375 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" RuleValue::Function::Function(double (*ptr)(double), Type t) : d_type(t), d_arity(1) { d_ptr.unary = ptr; } RuleValue::Function::Function(double (*ptr)(double, double)) : d_type(DOUBLE_IN_DOUBLE_OUT), d_arity(2) { d_ptr.binary = ptr; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_data.cc0000664000175000017500000000032114700504612023457 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" char const *RuleValue::s_tagName[] = { "error", // something failed. "char", "int", "double", "variable", "function", "argsector", }; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_operatoraand.cc0000664000175000017500000000036014700504612025230 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" // Here, the parser makes sure that we're already using integral values RuleValue &RuleValue::operator&=(RuleValue const &other) { d_value.i = asInt() & other.asInt(); d_tag = INT; return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_operatoradda.cc0000664000175000017500000000051114700504612025214 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" RuleValue &RuleValue::operator+=(RuleValue const &other) { if (d_tag == DOUBLE || other.d_tag == DOUBLE) { d_value.d = asDouble() + other.asDouble(); d_tag = DOUBLE; } else { d_value.i = asInt() + other.asInt(); d_tag = INT; } return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_operatorasub.cc0000664000175000017500000000051114700504612025255 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" RuleValue &RuleValue::operator-=(RuleValue const &other) { if (d_tag == DOUBLE || other.d_tag == DOUBLE) { d_value.d = asDouble() - other.asDouble(); d_tag = DOUBLE; } else { d_value.i = asInt() - other.asInt(); d_tag = INT; } return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_operatoramul.cc0000664000175000017500000000051114700504612025261 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" RuleValue &RuleValue::operator*=(RuleValue const &other) { if (d_tag == DOUBLE || other.d_tag == DOUBLE) { d_value.d = asDouble() * other.asDouble(); d_tag = DOUBLE; } else { d_value.i = asInt() * other.asInt(); d_tag = INT; } return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_operatornegate.cc0000664000175000017500000000041514700504612025571 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" RuleValue RuleValue::operator-() const { switch (d_tag) { case CHAR: return RuleValue(-asChar()); case INT: return RuleValue(-asInt()); default: return RuleValue(-asDouble()); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_copy.cc0000664000175000017500000000036414700504612023527 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" void RuleValue::copy(RuleValue const &other) { d_tag = other.d_tag; if (d_tag != ARG_VECTOR) d_value = other.d_value; else d_value.args = new std::vector(*other.d_value.args); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_operatoraxor.cc0000664000175000017500000000036014700504612025276 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" // Here, the parser makes sure that we're already using integral values RuleValue &RuleValue::operator^=(RuleValue const &other) { d_value.i = asInt() ^ other.asInt(); d_tag = INT; return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_rulevalue.ih0000664000175000017500000000010414700504612024564 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.h" #include using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_operatoraor.cc0000664000175000017500000000036014700504612025106 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" // Here, the parser makes sure that we're already using integral values RuleValue &RuleValue::operator|=(RuleValue const &other) { d_value.i = asInt() | other.asInt(); d_tag = INT; return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_operatoramod.cc0000664000175000017500000000036014700504612025245 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" // Here, the parser makes sure that we're already using integral values RuleValue &RuleValue::operator%=(RuleValue const &other) { d_value.i = asInt() % other.asInt(); d_tag = INT; return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_operatoradiv.cc0000664000175000017500000000051114700504612025246 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" RuleValue &RuleValue::operator/=(RuleValue const &other) { if (d_tag == DOUBLE || other.d_tag == DOUBLE) { d_value.d = asDouble() / other.asDouble(); d_tag = DOUBLE; } else { d_value.i = asInt() / other.asInt(); d_tag = INT; } return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_operatorinsert.cc0000664000175000017500000000056414700504612025637 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" namespace std { ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, RuleValue const &t) { switch (t.tag()) { case RuleValue::CHAR: return out << t.asChar(); case RuleValue::INT: return out << t.asInt(); default: return out << t.asDouble(); } } } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_operatorassign.cc0000664000175000017500000000026514700504612025615 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" RuleValue &RuleValue::operator=(RuleValue const &other) { if (this != &other) { destroy(); copy(other); } return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/fun/rulevalue/_operatoralshift.cc0000664000175000017500000000036214700504612025761 0ustar frankfrank#include "_rulevalue.ih" // Here, the parser makes sure that we're already using integral values RuleValue &RuleValue::operator<<=(RuleValue const &other) { d_value.i = asInt() << other.asInt(); d_tag = INT; return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/aho4.46/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020373 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/aho4.46/doc0000664000175000017500000000016514700504612021065 0ustar frankfrankThis grammar, given by AHO et al as grammar 4.46 (p. 241), has 10 states, no shift-reduce or reduce-reduce conflict. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/aho4.46/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021667 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/aho4.46/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000014514700504612023240 0ustar frankfrank/* AHO et al, example 4.46 */ %token i %% S: L '=' R ; S: R ; L: '*' R ; L: i ; R: L ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/duplicate/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021262 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/duplicate/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022556 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/duplicate/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000005014700504612024122 0ustar frankfrank%token NR %% start: NR | NR ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021655 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/semval/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612023144 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/semval/semval.h0000664000175000017500000000267314700504612024614 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_SEMVAL_ #define _INCLUDED_SEMVAL_ #include "../base/base.h" class SemVal { Base *d_bp; public: SemVal(); // Never used by me, but needed to // enlarge the semantic value stack SemVal(Base *bp); // Semval will own bp SemVal(SemVal const &other); ~SemVal(); SemVal &operator=(SemVal const &other); Base const &base() const; template Class const &downcast(); private: void copy(SemVal const &other); void destroy(); }; inline Base const &SemVal::base() const { return *d_bp; } inline SemVal::SemVal() : d_bp(0) {} inline SemVal::SemVal(Base *bp) : d_bp(bp) {} inline SemVal::~SemVal() { destroy(); } inline SemVal::SemVal(SemVal const &other) { copy(other); } inline SemVal &SemVal::operator=(SemVal const &other) { if (this != &other) { destroy(); copy(other); } return *this; } inline void SemVal::copy(SemVal const &other) { d_bp = other.d_bp ? other.d_bp->clone() : 0; } inline void SemVal::destroy() { delete d_bp; } template inline Class const &SemVal::downcast() { return dynamic_cast(*d_bp); } inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, SemVal const &obj) { if (&obj.base()) return out << obj.base(); return out << "<0>"; } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/doc0000664000175000017500000000056014700504612022346 0ustar frankfrankThis is the original example resulting from a discussion I had with Dallas A. Clement about polymorphic semantic values. The program creates a simple parser that can be run as follows: demo < input When run as demo x < input debug output is shown, including selected semantic values on the semantic value stack. Also: see the files `dallas' and `dallas2' bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/demo.cc0000664000175000017500000000125114700504612023107 0ustar frankfrank/* demo.cc */ #include "main.ih" int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) { cout << "Run the program as `demo < input'\n" "Use any program argument to view parser's debug output\n"; } Parser parser; parser.setDebug(argc > 1); cout << "When input-redirecting `input' (e.g., `demo < input') the output" " should be:\n" " Mid-rule: s-type, j\n" " s-type j scoped\n" "\n"; int ret = parser.parse(); cout << "\n" "Parser returns " << ret << endl; return 0; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/input0000664000175000017500000000002414700504612022733 0ustar frankfrankconst abc j = xyz; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612023151 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/parser/parser.h0000664000175000017500000000172514700504612024623 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V4.10.00 on Mon, 27 Apr 2015 13:34:25 +0200 #ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // $insert baseclass #include "parserbase.h" // $insert scanner.h #include "../scanner/scanner.h" #undef Parser class Parser: public ParserBase { // $insert scannerobject Scanner d_scanner; public: Parser(); int parse(); private: void error(); // called on (syntax) errors int lex(); // returns the next token from the // lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextCycle_(); void nextToken_(); void print_(); void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc); }; inline Parser::Parser() : d_scanner(&d_val_) {} #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/parser/parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000153514700504612024773 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V4.10.00 on Mon, 27 Apr 2015 13:34:25 +0200 // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. // $insert class.h #include "parser.h" inline void Parser::error() { std::cerr << "Syntax error\n"; } // $insert lex inline int Parser::lex() { return d_scanner.lex(); } inline void Parser::print() { print_(); // displays tokens if --print was specified } inline void Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } // Add here includes that are only required for the compilation // of Parser's sources. // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // int Parser's sources symbols from the namespace std without // specifying std:: //using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000163614700504612024530 0ustar frankfrank%default-actions quiet %filenames parser %scanner ../scanner/scanner.h %debug %baseclass-preinclude preinclude.h %stype SemVal %token BOOL INT CONST IDENTIFIER %% // at: const abc j = xyz; // output should be: type_specifier j scoped_identifier constant_definition: CONST type_specifier IDENTIFIER { cout << "Mid-rule: " << $2 << ", " << $3 << endl; } '=' scoped_identifier ';' { cout << $2 << " " << $3 << " " << $6 << endl; } ; type_specifier: BOOL { $$ = new Ident("type_specifier"); } | INT { $$ = new Ident("type_specifier"); } | scoped_identifier { $$ = new Ident("s-type"); } ; scoped_identifier: IDENTIFIER { $$ = new Ident("scoped"); } | ':' IDENTIFIER { $$ = new Ident("scoped"); } | scoped_identifier ':' IDENTIFIER { $$ = new Ident("scoped"); } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/parser/preinclude.h0000664000175000017500000000012414700504612025451 0ustar frankfrank#include "../enum/enum.h" #include "../ident/ident.h" #include "../semval/semval.h" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/scanner/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612023306 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/scanner/scanner.ih0000664000175000017500000000007214700504612025260 0ustar frankfrank#include "../parser/parserbase.h" #include "scanner.h" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/scanner/scanner.h0000664000175000017500000000211514700504612025107 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Flexc++ V0.93.00 on Mon, 20 Feb 2012 13:48:09 +0100 #ifndef Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ #define Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ #include "../semval/semval.h" // $insert baseclass_h #include "scannerbase.h" // $insert classHead class Scanner: public ScannerBase { SemVal *d_semval; public: Scanner(SemVal *semval); // $insert lexFunctionDecl int lex(); private: int lex_(); int executeAction_(size_t ruleNr); void print(); void preCode(); // re-implement this function for code that must // be exec'ed before the patternmatching starts void postCode(PostEnum_); }; inline void Scanner::postCode(PostEnum_) {} // $insert scannerConstructors inline Scanner::Scanner(SemVal *semval) : ScannerBase(std::cin, std::cout), d_semval(semval) {} // $insert inlineLexFunction inline int Scanner::lex() { return lex_(); } inline void Scanner::preCode() { // optionally replace by your own code } inline void Scanner::print() { print_(); } #endif // Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/scanner/lexer0000664000175000017500000000065114700504612024352 0ustar frankfrank// %interactive %filenames scanner // %debug %% [ \t]+ // Often used: skip white space \n // same const return Parser::CONST; [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]* { *d_semval = new Ident(matched()); return Parser::IDENTIFIER; } . return matched()[0]; %% bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/base/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022567 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/base/base.ih0000664000175000017500000000005114700504612024017 0ustar frankfrank#include "base.h" using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/base/base.h0000664000175000017500000000060414700504612023652 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_BASE_ #define _INCLUDED_BASE_ // DON'T do this in real life: using namespace std; class Base { public: virtual ~Base(); virtual Base *clone() const = 0; virtual ostream &insert(ostream &os) const = 0; }; inline Base::~Base() {} inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, Base const &obj) { return obj.insert(out); } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/enum/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022621 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/enum/enum.ih0000664000175000017500000000005114700504612024103 0ustar frankfrank#include "enum.h" using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/enum/enum.h0000664000175000017500000000131114700504612023732 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_ENUM_ #define _INCLUDED_ENUM_ #include "../base/base.h" class Enum: public Base { public: enum Value { ZERO, ONE, TWO }; private: Value d_value; public: Enum(Value v); virtual Base *clone() const; Value value() const; // directly access the value virtual ostream &insert(ostream &os) const; }; inline Enum::Enum(Value v) : d_value(v) {} inline Base *Enum::clone() const { return new Enum(*this); } inline Enum::Value Enum::value() const { return d_value; } inline ostream &Enum::insert(ostream &out) const { return out << d_value; } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/main.ih0000664000175000017500000000026414700504612023125 0ustar frankfrank#include #include #include #include #include "semval/semval.h" #include "ident/ident.h" #include "enum/enum.h" #include "parser/parser.h" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/dallas20000664000175000017500000001247314700504612023131 0ustar frankfrankFrom dallas.a.clement@gmail.com Tue Oct 9 00:29:53 2007 Received: from smtp1.rug.nl (smtp1.rug.nl [129.125.50.11]) by suffix.rc.rug.nl (8.14.1/8.14.1/Debian-9) with SMTP id l98MTrxe030265 for ; Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:29:53 +0200 Received: from smtp1.rug.nl ([129.125.50.11]) by smtp1.rug.nl (SMSSMTP 4.1.0.19) with SMTP id M2007100900294623523 for ; Tue, 09 Oct 2007 00:29:46 +0200 Received: from mail3.rug.nl (mail3.rug.nl [129.125.50.14]) by smtp1.rug.nl (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.11) with ESMTP id l98MTkQa005320 for ; Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:29:46 +0200 (MEST) Resent-Message-Id: <200710082229.l98MTkQa005320@smtp1.rug.nl> Received: from by mail3.rug.nl (CommuniGate Pro RULES 5.1.12) with RULES id 55899656; Tue, 09 Oct 2007 00:29:46 +0200 X-Autogenerated: Mirror Resent-From: Resent-Date: Tue, 09 Oct 2007 00:29:46 +0200 Received: from smtp2.rug.nl ([129.125.50.12] verified) by mail3.rug.nl (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 5.1.12) with SMTP id 55899655 for f.b.brokken@rug.nl; Tue, 09 Oct 2007 00:29:46 +0200 Received: from smtp2.rug.nl ([129.125.50.12]) by smtp2.rug.nl (SMSSMTP 4.1.11.41) with SMTP id M2007100900294526988 for ; Tue, 09 Oct 2007 00:29:45 +0200 Received: from py-out-1112.google.com (py-out-1112.google.com [64.233.166.182]) by smtp2.rug.nl (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.11) with ESMTP id l98MTiRH013056 for ; Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:29:44 +0200 (MEST) Received: by py-out-1112.google.com with SMTP id f47so2710922pye for ; Mon, 08 Oct 2007 15:29:43 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=beta; h=domainkey-signature:received:received:subject:from:reply-to:to:in-reply-to:references:content-type:organization:date:message-id:mime-version:x-mailer:content-transfer-encoding; bh=h3Gfp8lzdKEqJY0jAw7jqzoOPcybb3kAoQ3AYA6Vq3U=; b=GVlqjHLC5sLillOXZljVFfhCLivTZyduPh/m94ehJfz7ECbSCEVye8UQvi+WhbSBei+PFXiCC5AHsu0SKKZbzbHSCAyDmPWrB7SCmMZDaSJQkS0oi7h5IOQOUVjSNEGeYEqejjfI5i1M8nvHMJspCJvIt80RryoQgk5p8lGqkss= DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=gmail.com; s=beta; h=received:subject:from:reply-to:to:in-reply-to:references:content-type:organization:date:message-id:mime-version:x-mailer:content-transfer-encoding; b=ZN59LY0X3K/K0dycwmL5rRC1GNCTbVycF03b6F2HaiuGSUDzViwlAHVjL9Fgv5KcXGCDQc1zhu7FRk1kqqmapIMhrP0Xl46/Hth6+mi2AwshAsqe9CTcQIOzUX2zdXf3qcjw6clQcddRiqNdjjJFoFgxiREL4XJBMKMv+8y6TtE= Received: by 10.35.33.15 with SMTP id l15mr12560856pyj.1191882583426; Mon, 08 Oct 2007 15:29:43 -0700 (PDT) Received: from debian.local ( [70.250.157.38]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id y64sm7923418pyg.2007.10.08.15.29.41 (version=SSLv3 cipher=RC4-MD5); Mon, 08 Oct 2007 15:29:41 -0700 (PDT) Subject: Re: Small bisonc++ question From: Dallas Clement Reply-To: dallas.a.clement@gmail.com To: f.b.brokken@rug.nl In-Reply-To: <20071008221446.GD27245@rc.rug.nl> References: <20070919073747.GC17408@rc.rug.nl> <1191222419.3468.43.camel@localhost> <20071001190610.GA6195@rc.rug.nl> <1191278771.3605.15.camel@localhost> <20071003072550.GC29648@rc.rug.nl> <1191450509.3474.48.camel@localhost> <20071004064310.GB23564@rc.rug.nl> <1191505247.3505.15.camel@localhost> <20071005101005.GA25725@rc.rug.nl> <1191853606.3413.47.camel@localhost> <20071008221446.GD27245@rc.rug.nl> Content-Type: text/plain Organization: Clements Date: Mon, 08 Oct 2007 12:29:39 -0500 Message-Id: <1191864579.3413.58.camel@localhost> Mime-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Evolution 2.6.3 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Spam-Flag: NO X-Scanned-By: milter-spamc/1.4.366 (smtp1.rug.nl [129.125.50.11]); Tue, 09 Oct 2007 00:29:46 +0200 X-Scanned-By: milter-spamc/1.4.366 (smtp2.rug.nl [129.125.50.12]); Tue, 09 Oct 2007 00:29:45 +0200 X-Spam-Status: NO, hits=-7.00 required=4.00 X-Spam-Report: Spam detection software on "smtp1.rug.nl". Questions: postmaster@rug.nl Content analysis details: (-7.0 points, 4.0 required) USER_IN_WHITELIST=-7 __ Status: RO Content-Length: 1238 Lines: 54 Frank, I've narrowed things down to one particular rule. It seems that the following rule with all of its alternatives is causing problems. scoped_identifier: TOK_IDENTIFIER { } | TOK_SCOPE_OPERATOR TOK_IDENTIFIER { } | scoped_identifier TOK_SCOPE_OPERATOR TOK_IDENTIFIER { } ; If I simplify this rule to the following, I do not have any problems with semantic values not being saved on the stack correctly. scoped_identifier: TOK_IDENTIFIER { } ; It seems that these extra alternatives are confusing the parser. Do you have any idea why this could be? Thanks, Dallas On Tue, 2007-10-09 at 00:14 +0200, Frank B. Brokken wrote: > Dear Dallas Clement, you wrote: > > > > Hello Frank, > > > > I just wanted to give you another update. I took the example that you > > provided and started tweaking it to resemble my grammar which manifested > > the problem I reported earlier. > > > > The good news is that I am unable to reproduce the problem, using the > > Base and SemVal classes you defined in the example. > > Apparently this e-mail and my answer to your previous one crossed each other > :-) > > Thanks for this e-mail, and good luck. Don't hesitate to call again! > > Cheers, > bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/ident/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022760 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/ident/ident.h0000664000175000017500000000126214700504612024235 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_IDENT_ #define _INCLUDED_IDENT_ #include #include "../base/base.h" class Ident: public Base { std::string d_ident; public: Ident(std::string const &id); virtual Base *clone() const; string const &id() const; // directly access the name. virtual ostream &insert(ostream &os) const; }; inline Ident::Ident(std::string const &id) : d_ident(id) {} inline Base *Ident::clone() const { return new Ident(*this); // default CopyCons is ok. } inline string const &Ident::id() const { return d_ident; } inline ostream &Ident::insert(ostream &out) const { return out << d_ident; } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/ident/ident.ih0000664000175000017500000000005214700504612024402 0ustar frankfrank#include "ident.h" using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/polymorphic/dallas0000664000175000017500000001463214700504612023046 0ustar frankfrankFrom dallas.a.clement@gmail.com Tue Oct 9 01:20:26 2007 Received: from smtp1.rug.nl (smtp1.rug.nl [129.125.50.11]) by suffix.rc.rug.nl (8.14.1/8.14.1/Debian-9) with SMTP id l98NKQcR032365 for ; Tue, 9 Oct 2007 01:20:26 +0200 Received: from smtp1.rug.nl ([129.125.50.11]) by smtp1.rug.nl (SMSSMTP 4.1.0.19) with SMTP id M2007100901201923923 for ; Tue, 09 Oct 2007 01:20:19 +0200 Received: from mail3.rug.nl (mail3.rug.nl [129.125.50.14]) by smtp1.rug.nl (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.11) with ESMTP id l98NKI5a008704 for ; Tue, 9 Oct 2007 01:20:18 +0200 (MEST) Resent-Message-Id: <200710082320.l98NKI5a008704@smtp1.rug.nl> Received: from by mail3.rug.nl (CommuniGate Pro RULES 5.1.12) with RULES id 55901028; Tue, 09 Oct 2007 01:20:18 +0200 X-Autogenerated: Mirror Resent-From: Resent-Date: Tue, 09 Oct 2007 01:20:18 +0200 Received: from smtp2.rug.nl ([129.125.50.12] verified) by mail3.rug.nl (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 5.1.12) with SMTP id 55901027 for f.b.brokken@rug.nl; Tue, 09 Oct 2007 01:20:18 +0200 Received: from smtp2.rug.nl ([129.125.50.12]) by smtp2.rug.nl (SMSSMTP 4.1.11.41) with SMTP id M2007100901201828757 for ; Tue, 09 Oct 2007 01:20:18 +0200 Received: from py-out-1112.google.com (py-out-1112.google.com [64.233.166.178]) by smtp2.rug.nl (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.11) with ESMTP id l98NKG2I028040 for ; Tue, 9 Oct 2007 01:20:16 +0200 (MEST) Received: by py-out-1112.google.com with SMTP id f47so2729326pye for ; Mon, 08 Oct 2007 16:20:16 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=beta; h=domainkey-signature:received:received:subject:from:reply-to:to:in-reply-to:references:content-type:organization:date:message-id:mime-version:x-mailer; bh=LD3uTVyoVRXS18cMbdAEH/t5RfGGUuSFs6pDmj1RxTc=; b=g0vH8DPCx3xG8SSKvAsd4Fw+E5FDBMFsf5KJSXGmIlR64OzH7Q/BxeRjntgyy/FVfcXhCId/6fvCEqOOOx9SLcZ+s1gWWMQr2R0Xsd8CpNP9vsCpfGTwkFw0UsHxWQG8+QTaooMqcdEB9C0qnmO9OJblnTStirnqtWNMxfz0gW0= DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=gmail.com; s=beta; h=received:subject:from:reply-to:to:in-reply-to:references:content-type:organization:date:message-id:mime-version:x-mailer; b=Tkh422JxTs39Ghh5NhfwxU0szS4qz06ycc6wi7XKd6WfdyZHVC0ohGdo46UsTQ3qFdF4mk9naD3h9O1A3V0+oaHFT7a3AJag6owDD+lnc4310BTPSMj+DO6oZ/vksn2hDx4hJAERTyde35adMlqHiM0WdNIH6OJs79os9sCGS/0= Received: by 10.35.87.10 with SMTP id p10mr2102442pyl.1191885615791; Mon, 08 Oct 2007 16:20:15 -0700 (PDT) Received: from debian.local ( [70.250.157.38]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id w29sm8012125pyg.2007.10.08.16.20.12 (version=SSLv3 cipher=RC4-MD5); Mon, 08 Oct 2007 16:20:13 -0700 (PDT) Subject: Re: Small bisonc++ question From: Dallas Clement Reply-To: dallas.a.clement@gmail.com To: f.b.brokken@rug.nl In-Reply-To: <20071008221446.GD27245@rc.rug.nl> References: <20070919073747.GC17408@rc.rug.nl> <1191222419.3468.43.camel@localhost> <20071001190610.GA6195@rc.rug.nl> <1191278771.3605.15.camel@localhost> <20071003072550.GC29648@rc.rug.nl> <1191450509.3474.48.camel@localhost> <20071004064310.GB23564@rc.rug.nl> <1191505247.3505.15.camel@localhost> <20071005101005.GA25725@rc.rug.nl> <1191853606.3413.47.camel@localhost> <20071008221446.GD27245@rc.rug.nl> Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="=-WkuJNQQGw+AXQ14kxZP8" Organization: Clements Date: Mon, 08 Oct 2007 13:20:10 -0500 Message-Id: <1191867610.3413.66.camel@localhost> Mime-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Evolution 2.6.3 X-Spam-Flag: NO X-Scanned-By: milter-spamc/1.4.366 (smtp1.rug.nl [129.125.50.11]); Tue, 09 Oct 2007 01:20:19 +0200 X-Scanned-By: milter-spamc/1.4.366 (smtp2.rug.nl [129.125.50.12]); Tue, 09 Oct 2007 01:20:18 +0200 X-Spam-Status: NO, hits=-7.00 required=4.00 X-Spam-Report: Spam detection software on "smtp1.rug.nl". Questions: postmaster@rug.nl Content analysis details: (-7.0 points, 4.0 required) USER_IN_WHITELIST=-7 __ Status: RO Content-Length: 2401 Lines: 129 --=-WkuJNQQGw+AXQ14kxZP8 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hello Frank, I have been able to reproduce the mysterious problem I have been bothering you about this past many days. I can do it with a slight modification of the example code you provided. I have attached the modified grammar file. This grammar should be able to parse the following expression: const abc j = xyz; The output of the parsing should produce: type_specifier j scoped_identifier This is exactly what I would expect. However, if you were to uncomment the last two alternatives in the 'scoped_identifier' rule, you will observe a completely different output. Please uncomment as follows: scoped_identifier: IDENTIFIER { $$ = new Ident("scoped_identifier"); } | ':' IDENTIFIER { $$ = new Ident("scoped_identifier"); } | scoped_identifier ':' IDENTIFIER { $$ = new Ident("scoped_identifier"); } ; Now you will observe the following output when executed: type_specifier type_specifier scoped_identifier This is definitely not what I would expect. The identifier 'j' is definitely not a 'type_specifier'. This example reproduces the exact problem I have been struggling to explain to you this past several days. Now I may be doing something really stupid, but I'm not able to recognize what it is. What do you think? Thanks, Dallas --=-WkuJNQQGw+AXQ14kxZP8 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=grammar Content-Type: text/plain; name=grammar; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit %class-name Parser %filenames parser %parsefun-source parse.cc %scanner ../scanner/scanner.h %baseclass-preinclude preinclude.h %stype SemVal %token BOOL INT ENUM CONST IDENTIFIER %% constant_definition: CONST type_specifier IDENTIFIER '=' scoped_identifier ';' { cout << $2 << " " << $3 << " " << $5 << endl; } ; type_specifier: BOOL { $$ = new Ident("type_specifier"); } | INT { $$ = new Ident("type_specifier"); } | scoped_identifier { $$ = new Ident("type_specifier"); } ; scoped_identifier: IDENTIFIER { $$ = new Ident("scoped_identifier"); } /* | ':' IDENTIFIER { $$ = new Ident("scoped_identifier"); } | scoped_identifier ':' IDENTIFIER { $$ = new Ident("scoped_identifier"); } */ ; --=-WkuJNQQGw+AXQ14kxZP8-- bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/naive/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020412 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/naive/doc0000664000175000017500000000045414700504612021105 0ustar frankfrank This is a parser for a simple series of ;-separated integral numbers. Any error input is skipped until the next ;-token, after which another number is expected. To end the program, press ctrl-d To view the parser's debugging output, start the program with an argument, e.g., demo x bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/naive/demo.cc0000664000175000017500000000071414700504612021647 0ustar frankfrank#include #include #include "parser/Parser.h" using namespace std; int main(int argc, char **argv) { cout << "Enter numbers separated by semicolons. Blanks and tabs are " "ignored.\n" "^c or ^d ends the program.\n" "Use any program argument to view parser debug output\n"; Parser parser; parser.setDebug(argc > 1); return parser.parse(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/naive/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021706 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/naive/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000013214700504612022715 0ustar frankfrank %token NR %% lines: lines expr ';' | /* empty */ ; expr: NR | error ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/naive/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000037014700504612023257 0ustar frankfrank%default-actions quiet %scanner ../scanner/scanner.h %token NR %% lines: lines expr ';' | // empty ; expr: NR { std::cout << d_scanner.matched() << '\n'; } | error { std::cout << "oops...\n"; } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/naive/scanner/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022043 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/naive/scanner/scanner.ih0000664000175000017500000000006714700504612024021 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.h" #include "../parser/Parserbase.h" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/naive/scanner/scanner.h0000664000175000017500000000203014700504612023640 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Flexc++ V0.93.00 on Mon, 20 Feb 2012 10:57:08 +0100 #ifndef Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ #define Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ // $insert baseclass_h #include "scannerbase.h" // $insert classHead class Scanner: public ScannerBase { public: explicit Scanner(std::istream &in = std::cin, std::ostream &out = std::cout); // $insert lexFunctionDecl int lex(); private: int lex_(); int executeAction_(size_t ruleNr); void print(); void preCode(); // re-implement this function for code that must // be exec'ed before the patternmatching starts void postCode(PostEnum_); }; // $insert scannerConstructors inline Scanner::Scanner(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out) : ScannerBase(in, out) {} inline void Scanner::preCode() { // optionally replace by your own code } inline void Scanner::postCode(PostEnum_) {} inline void Scanner::print() { print_(); } #endif // Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/naive/scanner/lexer0000664000175000017500000000036714700504612023113 0ustar frankfrank%interactive %filenames scanner %% [ \t]+ // Often used: skip white space \n // same [0-9]+ return Parser::NR; . return matched()[0]; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/aho4.25/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020370 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/aho4.25/doc0000664000175000017500000000027614700504612021065 0ustar frankfrankThis grammar, given by AHO et al as grammar 4.25 (p. 252), has 11 states, 8 shift-reduce and 1 reduce-reduce conflict. By using the specification %right SUB SUP the SR conflict disappear. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/aho4.25/grammar0000664000175000017500000000022214700504612021735 0ustar frankfrank%token SUB SUP // page 253: //%right SUB SUP %% exp: exp SUB exp SUP exp | exp SUB exp | exp SUP exp | '(' exp ')' | 'c' ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/aho4.25/bis0000775000175000017500000000013014700504612021065 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash tput clear ../../../tmp/bin/binary -A --verbose grammar rm -f parse* Parse* bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/runone0000775000175000017500000000606214700504612020550 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash # Modifiy the COMMAND variable to your taste, if your shell isn't # mentioned. By specifying your COMMAND-shell last it will be used; COMMAND="/usr/bin/tcsh -f" #COMMAND=/bin/bash # Assuming bisonc++ is in your computer's search-path. If not, define # BISONCPP as the full path to bisconc++: #BISONCPP=/home/frank/git/bisonc++/src/bisonc++/tmp/bin/binary BISONCPP=bisonc++ # UNCOMMENT the following variables if you want to run the examples from # the source distribution's documentation/regression directory rather than # from bisonc++ documentation's `regression' subdirectory. SKEL=../../../../skeletons BISONCPP="../../../../tmp/bin/binary -S ${SKEL}" example() { orgdir=`pwd` echo echo Running example $1 cd $1 cwd=`pwd` echo -------------------------------- echo cat doc echo echo '(waiting for the compilation to complete ...)' echo -------------------------------- cd parser echo $BISONCPP --construction $3 grammar $BISONCPP --construction --debug $3 grammar echo if [ -s ../demo.cc ] then cd ../scanner flexc++ lexer cd .. g++ --std=c++0x -Wall -o demo *.cc */*.cc echo "ENTERING A SHELL: \`demo' runs the program, use \`exit' to return" echo " (the grammar analysis is in the \`parser' subdirectory)" else echo "ENTERING A SHELL: Inspect the results, use \`exit' to return" fi echo "bison's output is in \`bgram.output', bisonc++'s output in \`grammar.output'" echo $COMMAND cd $cwd # the doc-test is a safequard agains accidentally removing files [ -s doc ] && \ find ./ -type f \ \( \ -name Parser*h -or \ -name parserbase.h -or \ -name scannerbase.h \ \) \ -exec rm '{}' ';' && \ find ./ -type f \ -not -regex '.*/_.*' \ -not -name doc \ -not -name demo.cc \ -not -name bgram \ -not -name grammar \ -not -regex '.*/*h' \ -not -regex '.*/dallas.*' \ -not -name input \ -not -name lexer \ -exec rm '{}' ';' cd $orgdir tput clear } tput clear if [ $# == 0 ] ; then echo Provide the name of a regression-test subdirectory as argument to echo run that regression test. exit 0 fi echo " $1/parser/grammar is processed by bisonc++. Bisonc++'s output is provided in the file \`grammar.output' From $1/parser, bisonc++ should be accessible as $BISONCPP If that's not true for you, consider changing the BISONCPP variable in this script. Press Enter to create the parser and \(if available\) build the demo-program; press strl-C to stop. [press Enter to continue] " read RUN tput clear echo example $1 tput clear bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/mandayam/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021077 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/mandayam/doc0000664000175000017500000000071714700504612021574 0ustar frankfrankThis grammar was submitted by Ramanand Mandayam on July 5, 2010. The grammar generates 2 shift/reduce conflicts resulting from forced removal of shiftable items (in State 2), favoring reductions. Also it uses (production rule) priorities (in state 11) to remove shiftable items in favor of reductions. The grammar is interesting in that it shows that a grammar may (by default) reduce rather than shift. See also section 'Rule Precedence' in Bisonc++'s manual. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/mandayam/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022373 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/mandayam/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000402514700504612023407 0ustar frankfrank%debug %union { int ival; char cval; char *strval; float fval; } /* Keywords */ %token DEFINEtkn DEFINE_GROUPtkn %token LPARAtkn RPARAtkn LBRtkn RBRtkn COLONtkn SEMItkn COMMAtkn /* Arithmetic operators */ %token EQtkn %left PLUStkn MINUStkn %left MULTtkn DIVtkn %right UNARY %token IDtkn %token INT_CONSTtkn %token FLOAT_CONSTtkn %token STRING_CONSTtkn %token TRUEtkn FALSEtkn %% file: collection ; collection: prefix LBRtkn statement_list RBRtkn | prefix LBRtkn RBRtkn ; prefix: IDtkn LPARAtkn param_list RPARAtkn | IDtkn LPARAtkn RPARAtkn ; param_list: param_list COMMAtkn parameter | parameter ; parameter: numeric_constant | string_or_named_constant | string_or_named_constant COLONtkn string_or_named_constant | boolean_constant ; statement_list: statement_list statement | statement ; statement: primitive_attribute | complex_attribute | definition | definition_group | collection ; definition: DEFINEtkn LPARAtkn enumerator COMMAtkn enumerator COMMAtkn enumerator RPARAtkn SEMItkn ; definition_group: DEFINE_GROUPtkn LPARAtkn enumerator COMMAtkn enumerator RPARAtkn SEMItkn ; primitive_attribute: IDtkn COLONtkn primitive_attribute_value | IDtkn COLONtkn primitive_attribute_value SEMItkn | IDtkn EQtkn primitive_attribute_value ; primitive_attribute_value: expr ; expr: expr PLUStkn term | expr MINUStkn term | term ; term: term MULTtkn primary | term DIVtkn primary | primary ; primary: LPARAtkn expr RPARAtkn | MINUStkn expr %prec UNARY | PLUStkn expr %prec UNARY | constant ; constant: boolean_constant | numeric_constant | string_or_named_constant ; enumerator: string_or_named_constant ; string_or_named_constant: STRING_CONSTtkn | IDtkn ; numeric_constant: INT_CONSTtkn | FLOAT_CONSTtkn ; boolean_constant: TRUEtkn | FALSEtkn ; complex_attribute: prefix SEMItkn | prefix ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/mandayam/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000405414700504612023747 0ustar frankfrank%default-actions quiet %debug %union { int ival; char cval; char *strval; float fval; } /* Keywords */ %token DEFINEtkn DEFINE_GROUPtkn %token LPARAtkn RPARAtkn LBRtkn RBRtkn COLONtkn SEMItkn COMMAtkn /* Arithmetic operators */ %token EQtkn %left PLUStkn MINUStkn %left MULTtkn DIVtkn %right UNARY %token IDtkn %token INT_CONSTtkn %token FLOAT_CONSTtkn %token STRING_CONSTtkn %token TRUEtkn FALSEtkn %% file: collection ; collection: prefix LBRtkn statement_list RBRtkn | prefix LBRtkn RBRtkn ; prefix: IDtkn LPARAtkn param_list RPARAtkn | IDtkn LPARAtkn RPARAtkn ; param_list: param_list COMMAtkn parameter | parameter ; parameter: numeric_constant | string_or_named_constant | string_or_named_constant COLONtkn string_or_named_constant | boolean_constant ; statement_list: statement_list statement | statement ; statement: primitive_attribute | complex_attribute | definition | definition_group | collection ; definition: DEFINEtkn LPARAtkn enumerator COMMAtkn enumerator COMMAtkn enumerator RPARAtkn SEMItkn ; definition_group: DEFINE_GROUPtkn LPARAtkn enumerator COMMAtkn enumerator RPARAtkn SEMItkn ; primitive_attribute: IDtkn COLONtkn primitive_attribute_value | IDtkn COLONtkn primitive_attribute_value SEMItkn | IDtkn EQtkn primitive_attribute_value ; primitive_attribute_value: expr ; expr: expr PLUStkn term | expr MINUStkn term | term ; term: term MULTtkn primary | term DIVtkn primary | primary ; primary: LPARAtkn expr RPARAtkn | MINUStkn expr %prec UNARY | PLUStkn expr %prec UNARY | constant ; constant: boolean_constant | numeric_constant | string_or_named_constant ; enumerator: string_or_named_constant ; string_or_named_constant: STRING_CONSTtkn | IDtkn ; numeric_constant: INT_CONSTtkn | FLOAT_CONSTtkn ; boolean_constant: TRUEtkn | FALSEtkn ; complex_attribute: prefix SEMItkn | prefix ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/danglingelse/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021744 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/danglingelse/doc0000664000175000017500000000031414700504612022432 0ustar frankfrankThe well-known dangling-else problem. This grammar shows one S/R conflict, which is solved as SHIFT, using the default S/R conflict resolution method. By using %expect 1 the S/R warning can be prevented bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/danglingelse/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612023240 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/danglingelse/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000013214700504612024247 0ustar frankfrank%token EXPR ELSE %% stmnt: EXPR stmnt | EXPR stmnt ELSE stmnt | EXPR ';' ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/danglingelse/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000016114700504612024607 0ustar frankfrank%token EXPR ELSE %default-actions quiet %% stmnt: EXPR stmnt | EXPR stmnt ELSE stmnt | EXPR ';' ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/aho4.42/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020367 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/aho4.42/doc0000664000175000017500000000016414700504612021060 0ustar frankfrankThis grammar, given by AHO et al as grammar 4.42 (p. 231), has 7 states, no shift-reduce or reduce-reduce conflict. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/aho4.42/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021663 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/aho4.42/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000013014700504612022670 0ustar frankfrank/* AHO et al, example 4.42 */ %token c d %% S: C C ; C: c C | d ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/aho4.42/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000015714700504612023237 0ustar frankfrank/* AHO et al, example 4.42 */ %default-actions quiet %token c d %% S: C C ; C: c C | d ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/calculator/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021441 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/calculator/doc0000664000175000017500000000054414700504612022134 0ustar frankfrank This is the regression installation of the calculator also found in documentation/man. The program implements a simple calculator, accepting unary and binary + and -, binary * and /, and nested expressions, using integral operands. To end the program, enter: q Errors are handled by skipping all information until the next end of line. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/calculator/demo.cc0000664000175000017500000000103614700504612022674 0ustar frankfrank#include #include "parser/parser.h" using namespace std; int main(int argc, char **argv) { cout << "Enter (integral) expressions on separate lines, using " "+ - * / ()\n" "Other line content should result in a `syntax error'\n" "Blanks and tabs are ignored. Use ^c or ^d to end the program\n" "Use any program argument to view parser debug output\n"; Parser calculator; calculator.setDebug(argc > 1); return calculator.parse(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/calculator/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022735 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/calculator/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000226114700504612023751 0ustar frankfrank // lowest precedence %token NUMBER // integral numbers EOLN // newline %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' %right UNARY // highest precedence %% expressions: expressions evaluate | prompt ; evaluate: alternative prompt ; prompt: { prompt(); } ; alternative: expression EOLN { cout << $1 << endl; } | 'q' done | EOLN | error EOLN ; done: { cout << "Done.\n"; ACCEPT(); } ; expression: expression '+' expression { $$ = $1 + $3; } | expression '-' expression { $$ = $1 - $3; } | expression '*' expression { $$ = $1 * $3; } | expression '/' expression { $$ = $1 / $3; } | '-' expression %prec UNARY { $$ = -$2; } | '+' expression %prec UNARY { $$ = $2; } | '(' expression ')' { $$ = $2; } | NUMBER { $$ = atoi(d_scanner.YYText()); } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/calculator/parser/parser.h0000664000175000017500000000173114700504612024404 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V4.10.00 on Mon, 27 Apr 2015 13:10:17 +0200 #ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // $insert baseclass #include "parserbase.h" // $insert scanner.h #include "../scanner/scanner.h" #undef Parser class Parser: public ParserBase { // $insert scannerobject Scanner d_scanner; public: int parse(); void prompt() { std::cout << "? "; } private: void error(); // called on (syntax) errors int lex(); // returns the next token from the // lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextCycle_(); void nextToken_(); void print_(); void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc); }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/calculator/parser/parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000156214700504612024557 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V4.10.00 on Mon, 27 Apr 2015 13:12:41 +0200 // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. // $insert class.h #include "parser.h" inline void Parser::error() { std::cerr << "Syntax error\n"; } // $insert lex inline int Parser::lex() { return d_scanner.lex(); } inline void Parser::print() { print_(); // displays tokens if --print was specified } inline void Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } // Add here includes that are only required for the compilation // of Parser's sources. // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // int Parser's sources symbols from the namespace std without // specifying std:: #include using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/calculator/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000240114700504612024303 0ustar frankfrank%default-actions quiet %filenames parser %scanner ../scanner/scanner.h // lowest precedence %token NUMBER // integral numbers EOLN // newline %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' %right UNARY // highest precedence %% expressions: expressions evaluate | prompt ; evaluate: alternative prompt ; prompt: { prompt(); } ; alternative: expression EOLN { cout << $1 << '\n'; } | 'q' done | EOLN | error EOLN ; done: { cout << "Done.\n"; ACCEPT(); } ; expression: expression '+' expression { $$ = $1 + $3; } | expression '-' expression { $$ = $1 - $3; } | expression '*' expression { $$ = $1 * $3; } | expression '/' expression { $$ = $1 / $3; } | '-' expression %prec UNARY { $$ = -$2; } | '+' expression %prec UNARY { $$ = $2; } | '(' expression ')' { $$ = $2; } | NUMBER { $$ = atoi(d_scanner.matched().c_str()); } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/calculator/scanner/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612023072 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/calculator/scanner/scanner.ih0000664000175000017500000000007314700504612025045 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.h" #include "../parser/parserbase.h" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/calculator/scanner/scanner.h0000664000175000017500000000203114700504612024670 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Flexc++ V0.93.00 on Mon, 20 Feb 2012 12:42:32 +0100 #ifndef Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ #define Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ // $insert baseclass_h #include "scannerbase.h" // $insert classHead class Scanner: public ScannerBase { public: explicit Scanner(std::istream &in = std::cin, std::ostream &out = std::cout); // $insert lexFunctionDecl int lex(); private: int lex_(); int executeAction_(size_t ruleNr); void print(); void preCode(); // re-implement this function for code that must // be exec'ed before the patternmatching starts void postCode(PostEnum_); }; inline void Scanner::postCode(PostEnum_) {} // $insert scannerConstructors inline Scanner::Scanner(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out) : ScannerBase(in, out) {} inline void Scanner::preCode() { // optionally replace by your own code } inline void Scanner::print() { print_(); } #endif // Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/calculator/scanner/lexer0000664000175000017500000000045614700504612024141 0ustar frankfrank// see also man/calculator/scanner/lexer %interactive %filenames scanner %% [ \t]+ // skip white space \n return Parser::EOLN; [0-9]+ return Parser::NUMBER; . return matched()[0]; %% bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/run0000775000175000017500000001251514700504612020046 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash # Modifiy the COMMAND variable to your taste, if your shell isn't # mentioned. By specifying your COMMAND-shell last it will be used; COMMAND="/usr/bin/tcsh -f" #COMMAND=/bin/bash # Assuming bisonc++ is in your computer's search-path. If not, define # BISONCPP as the full path to bisconc++: #BISONCPP=/home/frank/git/bisonc++/src/bisonc++/tmp/bin/binary BISONCPP=bisonc++ # UNCOMMENT the following variables if you want to run the examples from # the source distribution's documentation/regression directory rather than # from bisonc++ documentation's `regression' subdirectory. SKEL=../../../../skeletons BISONCPP="../../../../tmp/bin/binary -S ${SKEL}" example() { let EXAMPLE=${EXAMPLE}+1 orgdir=`pwd` echo echo Running example $1 case $2 in ("go") ;; (*) return 0 ;; esac cd $1 cwd=`pwd` echo -------------------------------- echo cat doc echo echo '(waiting for the compilation to complete ...)' echo -------------------------------- cd parser echo $BISONCPP --construction $3 grammar $BISONCPP --construction --debug $3 grammar [ -e /usr/bin/bison -a -e bgram ] && bison -v bgram echo if [ -s ../demo.cc ] then cd ../scanner flexc++ lexer cd .. g++ --std=c++0x -Wall -o demo *.cc */*.cc echo "ENTERING A SHELL: \`demo' runs the program, use \`exit' to return" echo " (the grammar analysis is in the \`parser' subdirectory)" else echo "ENTERING A SHELL: Inspect the results, use \`exit' to return" fi echo "bison's output is in \`bgram.output', bisonc++'s output in \`grammar.output'" echo $COMMAND cd $cwd # the doc-test is a safequard agains accidentally removing files [ -s doc ] && \ find ./ -type f \ \( \ -name Parser*h -or \ -name parserbase.h -or \ -name scannerbase.h \ \) \ -exec rm '{}' ';' && \ find ./ -type f \ -not -regex '.*/_.*' \ -not -name doc \ -not -name demo.cc \ -not -name bgram \ -not -name grammar \ -not -regex '.*/*h' \ -not -regex '.*/dallas.*' \ -not -name input \ -not -name lexer \ -exec rm '{}' ';' cd $orgdir tput clear } readRUN() { read RUN if [ "$RUN" == "" ] then RUN=go else RUN=skip tput clear fi } tput clear echo " This script feeds several grammars to bisonc++. Some grammars allow you to execute a little demo-program. Some examples do not have demo programs. All grammars are also fed to bison \(if existing\), producing their output on a file \`bgram.output' Bisonc++'s output is provided in the file \`grammar.output' From the various test/parser directories, bisonc++ should be accessible as $BISONCPP If that's not true for you, consider changing the BISONCPP variable in this script. With each example, hitting a plain Enter creates the parser and optionally builds the demo-program Note that bison always defines one additional state compared with bisonc++. Bison accepts its input in a separate state, whereas bisonc++ accepts when is seen in combination with the reduction of the the augmented grammar rule G* -> G . Bisonc++ will not execute an action here, but that should be ok, since the grammar specification does not make G* -> G visible, so no action can be associated with its reduction anyway. [press Enter to continue] " read RUN tput clear echo EXAMPLE=1 PRE="Enter x to skip; a plain Enter to run; ^c to end this script" echo $EXAMPLE: AHO Example 4.42, p. 231 echo $PRE readRUN example aho4.42 $RUN echo $EXAMPLE: two R/R conflicts echo $PRE readRUN example rr2 $RUN echo $EXAMPLE: the dangling-else conflict echo $PRE readRUN example danglingelse $RUN echo $EXAMPLE: S/R and R/R conflicts echo $PRE readRUN example conflicts $RUN echo $EXAMPLE: not derivable sentence echo $PRE readRUN example nosentence $RUN echo $EXAMPLE: a reduced icmake V 7.00 grammar echo $PRE readRUN example icmake1 $RUN echo $EXAMPLE: the full icmake V 7.00 grammar echo $PRE readRUN example icmake2 $RUN echo $EXAMPLE: using an error-production echo $PRE readRUN example error $RUN echo "$EXAMPLE: Simple ;-separated list of numbers and error recovery" echo $PRE readRUN example naive $RUN echo $EXAMPLE: adding two integral values echo $PRE readRUN example simplecalc $RUN echo $EXAMPLE: using the location stack echo $PRE readRUN example location $RUN echo $EXAMPLE: the man-page calculator echo $PRE readRUN example calculator $RUN echo $EXAMPLE: a calculator from the C++ Annotations echo $PRE readRUN example annotations $RUN echo $EXAMPLE: an extensive calculator supporting functions echo $PRE readRUN example fun $RUN echo $EXAMPLE: an example of polymorphic semantic values echo $PRE readRUN example polymorphic $RUN --insert-stype echo $EXAMPLE: a grammar in which reduces precede shifts echo $PRE readRUN example mandayam $RUN tput clear echo " END OF SCRIPT " bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/icmake1/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020622 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/icmake1/doc0000664000175000017500000000020114700504612021303 0ustar frankfrankA highly reduced grammar derived from icmake V 7.00's grammar producing spurious RR conflicts with bisonc++ before version 1.5.0 bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/icmake1/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022116 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/icmake1/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000010214700504612023122 0ustar frankfrank%token X %% run: one | two X ; one: ; two: one ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/icmake1/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000013114700504612023462 0ustar frankfrank%token X %default-actions quiet %% run: one | two X ; one: ; two: one ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/simplecalc/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021424 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/simplecalc/doc0000664000175000017500000000037314700504612022117 0ustar frankfrankThis simple calculator adds two integral values. Each expression must be terminated by =, for example: 3 + 5 = To end the program, enter q Error recovery is available. When making a syntax error the parser allows you to enter another expressionbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/simplecalc/demo.cc0000664000175000017500000000112014700504612022651 0ustar frankfrank/* demo.cc */ #include #include "parser/parser.h" using namespace std; int main(int argc, char **argv) { cout << "Enter lines containing NR + NR =\n" "The numbers should be integral numbers.\n" "Other non-empty lines should result in a `syntax error'\n" "Blanks and tabs are ignored. Use q, ^c or ^d to end the program\n" "Use any program argument to view parser debug output\n"; Parser parser; parser.setDebug(argc > 1); cout << "Parser returns " << parser.parse() << endl; return 0; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/simplecalc/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022720 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/simplecalc/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000071414700504612023735 0ustar frankfrank%token NUMBER %% lines: lines lineprompt | prompt ; lineprompt: line prompt ; line: expression | 'q' { std::cout << "Done\n"; ACCEPT(); } | error ; expression: number '+' number '=' { std::cout << $1 << " + " << $3 << " = " << $1 + $3 << "\n"; } ; number: NUMBER { $$ = atoi(d_scanner.YYText()); } ; prompt: { std::cout << "? "; } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/simplecalc/parser/parser.h0000664000175000017500000000214314700504612024365 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V2.4.1 on Thu Dec 20 13:17:46 2007 +0100 #ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // $insert baseclass #include "parserbase.h" // $insert scanner.h #include "../scanner/scanner.h" #undef Parser class Parser: public ParserBase { // $insert scannerobject Scanner d_scanner; public: int parse(); private: void error(); // called on (syntax) errors int lex(); // returns the next token from the // lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextCycle_(); void nextToken_(); void print_(); void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc); }; inline void Parser::error() { std::cerr << "Syntax Error\n"; } // $insert lex inline int Parser::lex() { return d_scanner.lex(); } inline void Parser::print() // use d_token, d_loc { print_(); } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/simplecalc/parser/parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000102414700504612024533 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V2.4.1 on Thu Dec 20 13:17:46 2007 +0100 // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. // $insert class.h #include "parser.h" // Add below here any includes etc. that are only // required for the compilation of Parser's sources. #include // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // symbols from the namespace std without specifying std:: //using namespace std; inline void Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { throw; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/simplecalc/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000110014700504612024261 0ustar frankfrank%filenames parser %default-actions quiet %scanner ../scanner/scanner.h %token NUMBER %% lines: lines lineprompt | prompt ; lineprompt: line prompt ; line: expression | 'q' { std::cout << "Done\n"; ACCEPT(); } | error ; expression: number '+' number '=' { std::cout << " " << $1 << " + " << $3 << " = " << $1 + $3 << "\n"; } ; number: NUMBER { $$ = atoi(d_scanner.matched().c_str()); } ; prompt: { std::cout << "? "; } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/simplecalc/scanner/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612023055 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/simplecalc/scanner/scanner.ih0000664000175000017500000000007014700504612025025 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.h" #include "../parser/parserbase.h" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/simplecalc/scanner/scanner.h0000664000175000017500000000203114700504612024653 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Flexc++ V0.93.00 on Mon, 20 Feb 2012 11:05:47 +0100 #ifndef Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ #define Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ // $insert baseclass_h #include "scannerbase.h" // $insert classHead class Scanner: public ScannerBase { public: explicit Scanner(std::istream &in = std::cin, std::ostream &out = std::cout); // $insert lexFunctionDecl int lex(); private: int lex_(); int executeAction_(size_t ruleNr); void print(); void preCode(); // re-implement this function for code that must // be exec'ed before the patternmatching starts void postCode(PostEnum_); }; // $insert scannerConstructors inline Scanner::Scanner(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out) : ScannerBase(in, out) {} inline void Scanner::preCode() { // optionally replace by your own code } inline void Scanner::postCode(PostEnum_) {} inline void Scanner::print() { print_(); } #endif // Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/simplecalc/scanner/lexer0000664000175000017500000000030714700504612024117 0ustar frankfrank%interactive %filenames scanner %% [[:space:]]+ // skip white space [0-9]+ return Parser::NUMBER; . return matched()[0]; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/icmake2/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020623 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/icmake2/doc0000664000175000017500000000011114700504612021304 0ustar frankfrankThe full icmake V 7.00 grammar, on which bisonc++ before V 1.5.0 choked. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/icmake2/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022117 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/icmake2/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000005130114700504612023132 0ustar frankfrank%token ARG_HEAD ARG_TAIL ASCII BREAK CHDIR CMD_HEAD CMD_TAIL C_BASE C_EXT C_PATH G_BASE G_EXT G_PATH ELEMENT ELSE EXEC EXECUTE EXISTS EXIT FGETS FIELDS FOR FPRINTF GETENV GETCH GETPID GETS IDENTIFIER IF INT LIST MAKELIST M_ECHO NUMBER PRINTF PUTENV RETURN SIZEOFLIST STAT STRING STRINGTYPE STRLEN STRLWR STRUPR STRFIND SUBSTR SYSTEM VOID WHILE %right '=' AND_IS /* binary-assignment */ OR_IS XOR_IS SHL_IS SHR_IS DIV_IS /* arithmetic assignment */ MINUS_IS MUL_IS MOD_IS PLUS_IS %left OR %left AND %left '|' %left '^' %left '&' %left EQUAL NOT_EQUAL %left '<' '>' SMALLER_EQUAL GREATER_EQUAL OLDER YOUNGER %left SHL SHR %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' '%' %right '!' INC DEC '~' %left '[' %expect 1 /* Grammar Rules */ %% input: input def_var_or_fun | def_var_or_fun ; /* A */ args: args comma err_expression { $$ = *multargs(&$1, &$3); } | err_expression { $$ = *firstarg(&$1); } ; /* B */ break_ok: { break_ok++; } ; break_stat: BREAK { $$ = *break_stmnt(); } ; /* C */ casttype: INT | LIST | STRINGTYPE ; backtick: {parse_error = err_backtick_expected; } '`' ; closebrace: {parse_error = err_closebrace_expected; } '}' ; closepar: {parse_error = err_closepar_expected; } ')' ; comma: {parse_error = err_comma_expected; } ',' ; comma_arglist: ',' args { $$ = $2; } | zeroframe ; comma_expr: ',' err_expression { $$ = $2; } | zeroframe ; compound: '{' /* } (for matching) */ statements closebrace { $$ = $2; } ; /* D */ def_var_or_fun: opt_vartype var_or_fun | voidtype funcdef ; /* E */ else_tail: ELSE statement { $$ = $2; } | zeroframe ; enterid: IDENTIFIER { entervar(); } ; entervarid: enterid { $$ = fetchvar(); } ; err_expression: { parse_error = err_in_expression; } expression { $$ = $2; } ; expression: expression '=' expression { $$ = *assign(&$1, &$3); } | expression '[' expression ']' { $$ = *indexOp(&$1, &$3); } | expression MUL_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, multiply, "*="); } | expression DIV_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, divide, "/="); } | expression MOD_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, modulo, "%="); } | expression PLUS_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, addition, "+="); } | expression MINUS_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, subtract, "-="); } | expression AND_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, band, "&="); } | expression OR_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, bor, "|="); } | expression XOR_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, xor, "^="); } | expression SHL_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, shl, "<<="); } | expression SHR_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, shr, ">>="); } | expression OR expression { $$ = *or_boolean(&$1, &$3); } | expression AND expression { $$ = *and_boolean(&$1, &$3); } | expression EQUAL expression { $$ = *equal(&$1, &$3); } | expression NOT_EQUAL expression { $$ = *unequal(&$1, &$3); } | expression '<' expression { $$ = *smaller(&$1, &$3); } | expression '>' expression { $$ = *greater(&$1, &$3); } | expression SMALLER_EQUAL expression { $$ = *sm_equal(&$1, &$3); } | expression GREATER_EQUAL expression { $$ = *gr_equal(&$1, &$3); } | expression '+' expression { $$ = *addition(&$1, &$3); } | expression '&' expression { $$ = *band(&$1, &$3); } | expression '|' expression { $$ = *bor(&$1, &$3); } | expression '^' expression { $$ = *xor(&$1, &$3); } | expression SHL expression { $$ = *shl(&$1, &$3); } | expression SHR expression { $$ = *shr(&$1, &$3); } | expression '-' expression { $$ = *subtract(&$1, &$3); } | expression '*' expression { $$ = *multiply(&$1, &$3); } | expression YOUNGER expression { $$ = *young(&$1, &$3); } | expression OLDER expression { $$ = *old(&$1, &$3); } | expression '/' expression { $$ = *divide(&$1, &$3); } | expression '%' expression { $$ = *modulo(&$1, &$3); } | '-' expression %prec '!' { $$ = *negate(&$2); } | INC expression { $$ = *incdec(pre_op, op_inc, &$2); } | expression INC { $$ = *incdec(post_op, op_inc, &$1); } | DEC expression { $$ = *incdec(pre_op, op_dec, &$2); } | expression DEC { $$ = *incdec(post_op, op_dec, &$1); } | '+' expression %prec '!' { $$ = $2; } | '~' expression %prec '!' { $$ = *bnot(&$2); } | '!' expression { $$ = *not_boolean(&$2); } | '(' casttype ')' expression %prec '!' { $$ = *cast($2.type, &$4); } | string { $$ = stackframe(e_str | e_const); } | NUMBER { $$ = stackframe(e_int | e_const); } | '(' expression closepar { $$ = $2; } | func_or_var | '`' expression backtick { $$ = *onearg(f_backtick, &$2); } ; expr_code: err_expression { $$ = *expr_stmnt(&$1); } ; expr_list: expr_list ',' expr_code { $$ = *catcode(&$1, &$3); } | expr_code ; /* F */ for: FOR nesting ; for_stat: for openpar opt_expr_list semicol opt_expression semicol opt_expr_list closepar break_ok statement popdead { $$ = *for_stmnt(&$3, &$5, &$7, &$10); } ; funcdef: funid funvars /* returns init code */ statements closebrace { close_fun(&$3); } ; func_or_var: function closepar | IDENTIFIER { $$ = fetchvar(); } ; function: zero_arg_funs /* getch() or gets() */ openpar { $$ = *zeroargs($1.type); } | one_arg_funs openpar err_expression { $$ = *onearg($1.type, &$3); } | two_arg_funs openpar err_expression comma err_expression { $$ = *twoargs($1.type, &$3, &$5); } | three_arg_funs openpar err_expression comma err_expression comma err_expression { $$ = *threeargs($1.type, &$3, &$5, &$7); } | optint_string /* CHDIR, SYSTEM, STAT */ openpar err_expression /* int inserted if string */ comma_expr /* may be string if first == int */ { $$ = *optint_string($1.type, &$3, &$4); } | optint_special /* EXEC, EXECUTE */ openpar /* alternatives: */ err_expression /* fun(int, string, ...) */ comma_arglist /* fun(string, ...) */ { $$ = *optint_special($1.type, &$3, &$4); } | PRINTF openpar args /* first may be anything */ { $$ = *specials(f_printf, &$3); } | FPRINTF openpar args /* argcount >= 2 required */ { $$ = *exec_fprintf($1.type, &$3); } | funname openpar opt_arglist { $$ = *callfun($1.evalue, &$3); } | makelist ; funid: IDENTIFIER { open_fun(); } ; funname: IDENTIFIER { $$.evalue = fetchfun(); } ; funvars: openpar opt_parlist ')' openbrace opt_locals { make_frame(); outbin($5.code, $5.codelen); } ; /* G */ /* H */ /* I */ idexpr: enterid zeroframe /* no explicit initialization */ | entervarid initassign expression { initialization = 0; $$ = *expr_stmnt(assign(&$1, &$3)); /* explicit initialization */ } ; if: IF nesting ; if_stat: if openpar err_expression closepar statement popdead pushdead else_tail popdead { $$ = *if_stmnt(&$3, &$5, &$8); } ; initassign: '=' { initialization = 1; } /* J */ /* K */ /* L */ leave_key: RETURN | EXIT ; local_list: type_of_var vardefs /* + semicol, initialization code */ { $$ = $2; } ; locals: locals local_list /* type + variables */ { $$ = *catcode(&$1, &$2); /* cat initialization code */ } | local_list /* initialization code of 1st var */ ; /* M */ makelist: /* makelist(expr) */ makelist_expr makelist_normal /* returns O_FILE expression */ { $$ = *makelist ( multargs ( firstarg(&$2), /* O_FILE is passed */ &$1 /* expression is passed */ ), op_hlt /* not op_younger or op_older */ ); } | /* makelist(expr, expr) */ makelist_expr comma err_expression { $$ = *makelist ( multargs ( firstarg(&$1), /* fileattribute is passed */ &$3 /* expression is passed */ ), op_hlt /* not op_younger or op_older */ ); } | makelist_expr /* makelist(expr, older, expr) */ comma older_younger comma err_expression makelist_normal { $$ = *makelist ( multargs ( multargs ( firstarg(&$6), /* O_FILE is passed */ &$1 /* 1st expression is passed */ ), &$5 /* 2nd expression is passed */ ), $3.type /* older/younger */ ); } | makelist_expr /* makelist(expr, expr, older, expr) */ comma err_expression comma older_younger comma err_expression { $$ = *makelist ( multargs ( multargs ( firstarg(&$1), /* attribute is passed */ &$3 /* 2nd expression is passed */ ), &$7 /* 3rd expression is passed */ ), $5.type /* older/younger */ ); } ; makelist_expr: MAKELIST openpar err_expression { $$ = $3; } ; makelist_normal: { $$ = stackframe(e_int | e_const); $$.evalue = O_FILE; } ; /* N */ nesting: pushdead { nestlevel++; } ; /* O */ ok: ';' { yyerrok; } ; older_younger: {parse_error = err_older_younger; } old_young { $$ = $2; } ; old_young: OLDER | YOUNGER ; one_arg_funs: ASCII | SIZEOFLIST | EXISTS | M_ECHO | CMD_TAIL | CMD_HEAD | ARG_HEAD | ARG_TAIL | G_BASE | G_PATH | G_EXT | PUTENV | GETENV | STRLEN | STRUPR | STRLWR ; openpar: {parse_error = err_openpar_expected; } '(' ; openbrace: {parse_error = err_openbrace_expected; } '{' ; /* } for matching */ opt_arglist: args | zeroframe ; opt_expression: err_expression | { $$ = stackframe(e_int | e_const); $$.evalue = 1; } ; opt_expr_list: expr_list | zeroframe ; optint_special: EXEC /* optional int allowed */ | EXECUTE ; optint_string: STAT | CHDIR | SYSTEM ; opt_locals: locals /* initialization code */ | zeroframe /* empty init. code */ ; opt_parlist: pars | ; opt_vartype: type_of_var | { vartype = e_int; } ; /* P */ pars: pars comma partype | partype ; partype: type_of_var enterid { n_params++; } ; popdead: { pop_dead(); } ; pushdead: { push_dead(); /* set new dead-level */ } ; /* Q */ /* R */ return_stat: leave_key return_tail { $$ = *return_stmnt($1.type, &$2); } ; return_tail: err_expression | zeroframe ; /* S */ semicol: {parse_error = err_semicol_expected; } ';' ; statement: stm { sem_err = 0; } ; statements: statements statement { $$ = *cat_stmnt(&$1, &$2); } | zeroframe ; stm: compound | ';' zeroframe { $$ = $1; } | expr_code semicol | while_stat | if_stat | for_stat | return_stat semicol | break_stat semicol | error ok ; string: string STRING { stringbuf = xstrcat(stringbuf, string);/* catenate the new string */ } | STRING { free(stringbuf); /* free former string */ stringbuf = xstrdup(string); /* duplicate initial string */ } ; /* T */ two_arg_funs: C_EXT /* string, string */ | C_BASE | C_PATH | ELEMENT /* int, list | int, string */ | FGETS /* list fgets(string, int) */ | FIELDS /* string, string */ | STRFIND /* string, string */ ; three_arg_funs: SUBSTR ; type_of_var: vartype { parse_error = err_identifier_expected; vartype = $1.type; } ; /* U */ /* V */ vardefs: varnames semicol { $$ = $1; /* initialization code */ } ; varnames: varnames comma idexpr { $$ = *catcode(&$1, &$3); /* catenate variable */ /* initialization code */ } | idexpr | error ok zeroframe /* Empty stmnt */ { $$ = $3; } ; var_or_fun: vardefs { global_init = *catcode(&global_init, &$1); } | funcdef ; vartype: INT | STRINGTYPE | LIST ; voidtype: VOID { vartype = 0; } ; /* W */ while: WHILE nesting ; while_stat: while openpar err_expression closepar break_ok statement popdead { $$ = *while_stmnt(&$3, &$6); } ; /* X */ /* Y */ /* Z */ zero_arg_funs: GETCH | GETPID | GETS ; zeroframe: { $$ = stackframe(0); } ; %% int yywrap() { return (1); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/icmake2/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000005135614700504612023502 0ustar frankfrank%default-actions quiet %token ARG_HEAD ARG_TAIL ASCII BREAK CHDIR CMD_HEAD CMD_TAIL C_BASE C_EXT C_PATH G_BASE G_EXT G_PATH ELEMENT ELSE EXEC EXECUTE EXISTS EXIT FGETS FIELDS FOR FPRINTF GETENV GETCH GETPID GETS IDENTIFIER IF INT LIST MAKELIST M_ECHO NUMBER PRINTF PUTENV RETURN SIZEOFLIST STAT STRING STRINGTYPE STRLEN STRLWR STRUPR STRFIND SUBSTR SYSTEM VOID WHILE %right '=' AND_IS /* binary-assignment */ OR_IS XOR_IS SHL_IS SHR_IS DIV_IS /* arithmetic assignment */ MINUS_IS MUL_IS MOD_IS PLUS_IS %left OR %left AND %left '|' %left '^' %left '&' %left EQUAL NOT_EQUAL %left '<' '>' SMALLER_EQUAL GREATER_EQUAL OLDER YOUNGER %left SHL SHR %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' '%' %right '!' INC DEC '~' %left '[' %expect 1 /* Grammar Rules */ %% input: input def_var_or_fun | def_var_or_fun ; /* A */ args: args comma err_expression { $$ = *multargs(&$1, &$3); } | err_expression { $$ = *firstarg(&$1); } ; /* B */ break_ok: { break_ok++; } ; break_stat: BREAK { $$ = *break_stmnt(); } ; /* C */ casttype: INT | LIST | STRINGTYPE ; backtick: {parse_error = err_backtick_expected; } '`' ; closebrace: {parse_error = err_closebrace_expected; } '}' ; closepar: {parse_error = err_closepar_expected; } ')' ; comma: {parse_error = err_comma_expected; } ',' ; comma_arglist: ',' args { $$ = $2; } | zeroframe ; comma_expr: ',' err_expression { $$ = $2; } | zeroframe ; compound: '{' /* } (for matching) */ statements closebrace { $$ = $2; } ; /* D */ def_var_or_fun: opt_vartype var_or_fun | voidtype funcdef ; /* E */ else_tail: ELSE statement { $$ = $2; } | zeroframe ; enterid: IDENTIFIER { entervar(); } ; entervarid: enterid { $$ = fetchvar(); } ; err_expression: { parse_error = err_in_expression; } expression { $$ = $2; } ; expression: expression '=' expression { $$ = *assign(&$1, &$3); } | expression '[' expression ']' { $$ = *indexOp(&$1, &$3); } | expression MUL_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, multiply, "*="); } | expression DIV_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, divide, "/="); } | expression MOD_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, modulo, "%="); } | expression PLUS_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, addition, "+="); } | expression MINUS_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, subtract, "-="); } | expression AND_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, band, "&="); } | expression OR_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, bor, "|="); } | expression XOR_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, xor, "^="); } | expression SHL_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, shl, "<<="); } | expression SHR_IS expression { $$ = *math_ass(&$1, &$3, shr, ">>="); } | expression OR expression { $$ = *or_boolean(&$1, &$3); } | expression AND expression { $$ = *and_boolean(&$1, &$3); } | expression EQUAL expression { $$ = *equal(&$1, &$3); } | expression NOT_EQUAL expression { $$ = *unequal(&$1, &$3); } | expression '<' expression { $$ = *smaller(&$1, &$3); } | expression '>' expression { $$ = *greater(&$1, &$3); } | expression SMALLER_EQUAL expression { $$ = *sm_equal(&$1, &$3); } | expression GREATER_EQUAL expression { $$ = *gr_equal(&$1, &$3); } | expression '+' expression { $$ = *addition(&$1, &$3); } | expression '&' expression { $$ = *band(&$1, &$3); } | expression '|' expression { $$ = *bor(&$1, &$3); } | expression '^' expression { $$ = *xor(&$1, &$3); } | expression SHL expression { $$ = *shl(&$1, &$3); } | expression SHR expression { $$ = *shr(&$1, &$3); } | expression '-' expression { $$ = *subtract(&$1, &$3); } | expression '*' expression { $$ = *multiply(&$1, &$3); } | expression YOUNGER expression { $$ = *young(&$1, &$3); } | expression OLDER expression { $$ = *old(&$1, &$3); } | expression '/' expression { $$ = *divide(&$1, &$3); } | expression '%' expression { $$ = *modulo(&$1, &$3); } | '-' expression %prec '!' { $$ = *negate(&$2); } | INC expression { $$ = *incdec(pre_op, op_inc, &$2); } | expression INC { $$ = *incdec(post_op, op_inc, &$1); } | DEC expression { $$ = *incdec(pre_op, op_dec, &$2); } | expression DEC { $$ = *incdec(post_op, op_dec, &$1); } | '+' expression %prec '!' { $$ = $2; } | '~' expression %prec '!' { $$ = *bnot(&$2); } | '!' expression { $$ = *not_boolean(&$2); } | '(' casttype ')' expression %prec '!' { $$ = *cast($2.type, &$4); } | string { $$ = stackframe(e_str | e_const); } | NUMBER { $$ = stackframe(e_int | e_const); } | '(' expression closepar { $$ = $2; } | func_or_var | '`' expression backtick { $$ = *onearg(f_backtick, &$2); } ; expr_code: err_expression { $$ = *expr_stmnt(&$1); } ; expr_list: expr_list ',' expr_code { $$ = *catcode(&$1, &$3); } | expr_code ; /* F */ for: FOR nesting ; for_stat: for openpar opt_expr_list semicol opt_expression semicol opt_expr_list closepar break_ok statement popdead { $$ = *for_stmnt(&$3, &$5, &$7, &$10); } ; funcdef: funid funvars /* returns init code */ statements closebrace { close_fun(&$3); } ; func_or_var: function closepar | IDENTIFIER { $$ = fetchvar(); } ; function: zero_arg_funs /* getch() or gets() */ openpar { $$ = *zeroargs($1.type); } | one_arg_funs openpar err_expression { $$ = *onearg($1.type, &$3); } | two_arg_funs openpar err_expression comma err_expression { $$ = *twoargs($1.type, &$3, &$5); } | three_arg_funs openpar err_expression comma err_expression comma err_expression { $$ = *threeargs($1.type, &$3, &$5, &$7); } | optint_string /* CHDIR, SYSTEM, STAT */ openpar err_expression /* int inserted if string */ comma_expr /* may be string if first == int */ { $$ = *optint_string($1.type, &$3, &$4); } | optint_special /* EXEC, EXECUTE */ openpar /* alternatives: */ err_expression /* fun(int, string, ...) */ comma_arglist /* fun(string, ...) */ { $$ = *optint_special($1.type, &$3, &$4); } | PRINTF openpar args /* first may be anything */ { $$ = *specials(f_printf, &$3); } | FPRINTF openpar args /* argcount >= 2 required */ { $$ = *exec_fprintf($1.type, &$3); } | funname openpar opt_arglist { $$ = *callfun($1.evalue, &$3); } | makelist ; funid: IDENTIFIER { open_fun(); } ; funname: IDENTIFIER { $$.evalue = fetchfun(); } ; funvars: openpar opt_parlist ')' openbrace opt_locals { make_frame(); outbin($5.code, $5.codelen); } ; /* G */ /* H */ /* I */ idexpr: enterid zeroframe /* no explicit initialization */ | entervarid initassign expression { initialization = 0; $$ = *expr_stmnt(assign(&$1, &$3)); /* explicit initialization */ } ; if: IF nesting ; if_stat: if openpar err_expression closepar statement popdead pushdead else_tail popdead { $$ = *if_stmnt(&$3, &$5, &$8); } ; initassign: '=' { initialization = 1; } ; /* J */ /* K */ /* L */ leave_key: RETURN | EXIT ; local_list: type_of_var vardefs /* + semicol, initialization code */ { $$ = $2; } ; locals: locals local_list /* type + variables */ { $$ = *catcode(&$1, &$2); /* cat initialization code */ } | local_list /* initialization code of 1st var */ ; /* M */ makelist: /* makelist(expr) */ makelist_expr makelist_normal /* returns O_FILE expression */ { $$ = *makelist ( multargs ( firstarg(&$2), /* O_FILE is passed */ &$1 /* expression is passed */ ), op_hlt /* not op_younger or op_older */ ); } | /* makelist(expr, expr) */ makelist_expr comma err_expression { $$ = *makelist ( multargs ( firstarg(&$1), /* fileattribute is passed */ &$3 /* expression is passed */ ), op_hlt /* not op_younger or op_older */ ); } | makelist_expr /* makelist(expr, older, expr) */ comma older_younger comma err_expression makelist_normal { $$ = *makelist ( multargs ( multargs ( firstarg(&$6), /* O_FILE is passed */ &$1 /* 1st expression is passed */ ), &$5 /* 2nd expression is passed */ ), $3.type /* older/younger */ ); } | makelist_expr /* makelist(expr, expr, older, expr) */ comma err_expression comma older_younger comma err_expression { $$ = *makelist ( multargs ( multargs ( firstarg(&$1), /* attribute is passed */ &$3 /* 2nd expression is passed */ ), &$7 /* 3rd expression is passed */ ), $5.type /* older/younger */ ); } ; makelist_expr: MAKELIST openpar err_expression { $$ = $3; } ; makelist_normal: { $$ = stackframe(e_int | e_const); $$.evalue = O_FILE; } ; /* N */ nesting: pushdead { nestlevel++; } ; /* O */ ok: ';' { yyerrok; } ; older_younger: {parse_error = err_older_younger; } old_young { $$ = $2; } ; old_young: OLDER | YOUNGER ; one_arg_funs: ASCII | SIZEOFLIST | EXISTS | M_ECHO | CMD_TAIL | CMD_HEAD | ARG_HEAD | ARG_TAIL | G_BASE | G_PATH | G_EXT | PUTENV | GETENV | STRLEN | STRUPR | STRLWR ; openpar: {parse_error = err_openpar_expected; } '(' ; openbrace: {parse_error = err_openbrace_expected; } '{' ; /* } for matching */ opt_arglist: args | zeroframe ; opt_expression: err_expression | { $$ = stackframe(e_int | e_const); $$.evalue = 1; } ; opt_expr_list: expr_list | zeroframe ; optint_special: EXEC /* optional int allowed */ | EXECUTE ; optint_string: STAT | CHDIR | SYSTEM ; opt_locals: locals /* initialization code */ | zeroframe /* empty init. code */ ; opt_parlist: pars | ; opt_vartype: type_of_var | { vartype = e_int; } ; /* P */ pars: pars comma partype | partype ; partype: type_of_var enterid { n_params++; } ; popdead: { pop_dead(); } ; pushdead: { push_dead(); /* set new dead-level */ } ; /* Q */ /* R */ return_stat: leave_key return_tail { $$ = *return_stmnt($1.type, &$2); } ; return_tail: err_expression | zeroframe ; /* S */ semicol: {parse_error = err_semicol_expected; } ';' ; statement: stm { sem_err = 0; } ; statements: statements statement { $$ = *cat_stmnt(&$1, &$2); } | zeroframe ; stm: compound | ';' zeroframe { $$ = $1; } | expr_code semicol | while_stat | if_stat | for_stat | return_stat semicol | break_stat semicol | error ok ; string: string STRING { stringbuf = xstrcat(stringbuf, string);/* catenate the new string */ } | STRING { free(stringbuf); /* free former string */ stringbuf = xstrdup(string); /* duplicate initial string */ } ; /* T */ two_arg_funs: C_EXT /* string, string */ | C_BASE | C_PATH | ELEMENT /* int, list | int, string */ | FGETS /* list fgets(string, int) */ | FIELDS /* string, string */ | STRFIND /* string, string */ ; three_arg_funs: SUBSTR ; type_of_var: vartype { parse_error = err_identifier_expected; vartype = $1.type; } ; /* U */ /* V */ vardefs: varnames semicol { $$ = $1; /* initialization code */ } ; varnames: varnames comma idexpr { $$ = *catcode(&$1, &$3); /* catenate variable */ /* initialization code */ } | idexpr | error ok zeroframe /* Empty stmnt */ { $$ = $3; } ; var_or_fun: vardefs { global_init = *catcode(&global_init, &$1); } | funcdef ; vartype: INT | STRINGTYPE | LIST ; voidtype: VOID { vartype = 0; } ; /* W */ while: WHILE nesting ; while_stat: while openpar err_expression closepar break_ok statement popdead { $$ = *while_stmnt(&$3, &$6); } ; /* X */ /* Y */ /* Z */ zero_arg_funs: GETCH | GETPID | GETS ; zeroframe: { $$ = stackframe(0); } ; %% int yywrap() { return (1); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/error/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020441 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/error/doc0000664000175000017500000000043614700504612021134 0ustar frankfrankThis example offers a demonstration of error-handling. Enter lines, each containing one integral value. Use ^C to end the program other line content should result in a `syntax error' blanks and tabs are ignored (and thus OK) An empty line, however, *will* result in a `syntax error' bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/error/demo.cc0000664000175000017500000000112214700504612021670 0ustar frankfrank/* error.cc */ #include #include "parser/Parser.h" using namespace std; int main(int argc, char **argv) { cout << "Enter lines, each containing one integral value.\n" "Other lines (also empty lines) should result in a " "`syntax error'\n" "Blanks and tabs are ignored. Use ^c or ^d to end the program\n" "Use any program argument to view parser debug output\n"; Parser parser; parser.setDebug(argc > 1); parser.parse(); return 0; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/error/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021735 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/error/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000013114700504612022743 0ustar frankfrank %token NR %% lines: lines line | line ; line: NR '\n' | error '\n' ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/error/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000036614700504612023313 0ustar frankfrank%default-actions quiet %scanner ../scanner/scanner.h %token NR %print-tokens %% lines: lines line | line ; line: NR '\n' { std::cout << " OK\n"; } | error '\n' { std::cout << " ERROR\n"; } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/error/scanner/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022072 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/error/scanner/scanner.ih0000664000175000017500000000007014700504612024042 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.h" #include "../parser/Parserbase.h" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/error/scanner/scanner.h0000664000175000017500000000172214700504612023676 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ #define Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ // $insert baseclass_h #include "scannerbase.h" // $insert classHead class Scanner: public ScannerBase { public: explicit Scanner(std::istream &in = std::cin, std::ostream &out = std::cout); // $insert lexFunctionDecl int lex(); private: int lex_(); int executeAction_(size_t ruleNr); void print(); void preCode(); // re-implement this function for code that must // be exec'ed before the patternmatching starts void postCode(PostEnum_); }; // $insert scannerConstructors inline Scanner::Scanner(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out) : ScannerBase(in, out) {} inline void Scanner::preCode() { // optionally replace by your own code } inline void Scanner::postCode(PostEnum_) {} inline void Scanner::print() { print_(); } #endif // Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/error/scanner/lexer0000664000175000017500000000031714700504612023135 0ustar frankfrank%filenames scanner %interactive %% [ \t]+ // Often used: skip white space [0-9]+ return Parser::NR; .|\n return matched()[0]; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/location/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021120 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/location/doc0000664000175000017500000000127014700504612021610 0ustar frankfrankThis example shows the use of the standard location stack as well as passing d_val to the scanner. The use of the standard location stack is indicated so by the %lsp-needed directive. In this case, the %scanner directive can be used too, but the parser probably needs a constructor passing d_loc and d_val to the scanner. In the example this is accomplished using the following in-line Parser constructor: Parser() : d_scanner(&d_loc, &d_val) {} The grammar itself is trivial. It only accepts empty lines or lines containing one integral numerical value. Any other input results in an error (which is handled). To terminate the program, ^C must be used. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/location/demo.cc0000664000175000017500000000075014700504612022355 0ustar frankfrank/* example.cc */ #include #include "parser/parser.h" using namespace std; int main(int argc, char **argv) { cout << "Enter integral numbers or empty lines.\n" "Other lines should result in a `syntax error'\n" "Blanks and tabs are ignored. Use ^c or ^d to end the program\n" "Use any program argument to view parser debug output\n"; Parser parser; parser.setDebug(argc > 1); return parser.parse(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/location/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022414 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/location/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000055614700504612023435 0ustar frankfrank %token NR %% lines: lines line // 1 | // 2 ; line: content // 3 '\n' { std::cout << "Line token newline at " << @2.first_line << "\n"; } ; content: expr // 4 | error // 5 | // empty ; expr: NR // 7 { std::cout << "NR returns value " << $1 << "\n"; } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/location/parser/parser.h0000664000175000017500000000267514700504612024073 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // this file was originally generated by bisonc++, then modified and renamed // to parser.h so that it was kept when the `run' script was executed. When // executing `run', compare the contents of this file and those of Parser.h, // to see what local modifications were made: only the Parser constructor was // added (and this comment, of course) // $insert scanner.h #include "../scanner/scanner.h" // $insert baseclass #include "Parserbase.h" #undef Parser class Parser: public ParserBase { // $insert scannerobject Scanner d_scanner; public: Parser() : d_scanner(&d_loc_, &d_val_) {} int parse(); private: void error(); // called on (syntax) errors int lex(); // returns the next token from the // lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextToken_(); void nextCycle_(); void print_(); }; inline void Parser::error() { std::cerr << "Syntax error\n"; } // $insert lex inline int Parser::lex() { return d_scanner.lex(); } inline void Parser::print() { print_(); // displays tokens if --print was specified } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/location/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000067314700504612023773 0ustar frankfrank%default-actions quiet %scanner ../scanner/scanner.h %lsp-needed %token NR %% lines: lines line // 1 | line // 2 ; line: content // 3 '\n' { std::cout << " Line token newline at " << @2.first_line << "\n"; } ; content: expr // 4 | error // 5 | // empty ; expr: NR // 7 { std::cout << " NR returns value " << $1 << "\n"; } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/location/scanner/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022551 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/location/scanner/scanner.ih0000664000175000017500000000007114700504612024522 0ustar frankfrank#include "../parser/Parserbase.h" #include "scanner.h" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/location/scanner/scanner.h0000664000175000017500000000211014700504612024345 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Flexc++ V0.93.00 on Mon, 20 Feb 2012 11:31:55 +0100 #ifndef Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ #define Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ // $insert baseclass_h #include "scannerbase.h" #include "../parser/Parserbase.h" // $insert classHead class Scanner: public ScannerBase { Parser::LTYPE_ *d_loc; Parser::STYPE_ *d_val; public: Scanner(Parser::LTYPE_ *loc, Parser::STYPE_ *val); // $insert lexFunctionDecl int lex(); private: int lex_(); int executeAction_(size_t ruleNr); void print(); void preCode(); // re-implement this function for code that must // be exec'ed before the patternmatching starts void postCode(PostEnum_); }; inline void Scanner::postCode(PostEnum_) {} inline Scanner::Scanner(Parser::LTYPE_ *loc, Parser::STYPE_ *val) : ScannerBase(std::cin, std::cout), d_loc(loc), d_val(val) {} inline void Scanner::preCode() { // optionally replace by your own code } inline void Scanner::print() { print_(); } #endif // Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/location/scanner/lexer0000664000175000017500000000075314700504612023620 0ustar frankfrank%interactive %filenames scanner %% [ \t]+ // Often used: skip white space [0-9]+ { *d_val = atoi(matched().c_str()); return Parser::NR; } .|\n { d_loc->first_line = lineNr() - 1; return matched()[0]; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/conflicts/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021274 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/conflicts/doc0000664000175000017500000000132314700504612021763 0ustar frankfrankThis exampe features a grammar showing both S/R and R/R conflicts. The grammar produces 4 shift-reduce conflicts and 3 reduce-reduce conflicts. By default, the S/R conflicts are solved using SHIFT, while the R/R conflicts are solved using a reduction to the rule first mentioned in the grammar. Notes on the output generated by bison. Bison states: grammar:7.5: warning: rule never reduced because of conflicts: E: i However, this is probably incorrect considering its own documentation which states the `first rule' preference in case of R/R conflicts. Here is the grammar used in this example: %token i %% E: i | i | E '+' E | E '*' E ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/conflicts/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022570 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/conflicts/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000007714700504612023607 0ustar frankfrank%token i %% E: i | i | E '+' E | E '*' E ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/conflicts/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000012714700504612024141 0ustar frankfrank%token i %default-actions quiet %% E: i | i | E '+' E | E '*' E ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/nosentence/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021451 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/nosentence/doc0000664000175000017500000000030514700504612022137 0ustar frankfrankThis grammar has a single left-recursive rule, so no rule reduces to `start'. Consequently, no sentences can be derived from this grammar. Here is its sole production rule: start: NR start ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/nosentence/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022745 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/nosentence/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000004514700504612023757 0ustar frankfrank%token NR %% start: NR start ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/nosentence/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000007414700504612024317 0ustar frankfrank%token NR %default-actions quiet %% start: NR start ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/rr2/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020015 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/rr2/doc0000664000175000017500000000022514700504612020504 0ustar frankfrankThis grammar was produced by several of my students during my 2005-2006 C++ course. Bisonc++ V 0.98 did not properly recognize its two RR conflicts. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/rr2/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021311 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/rr2/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000036614700504612022331 0ustar frankfrank%token DELIM TEXT %% line: line mstring | /* empty */ ; mstring: mstring atom | atom ; atom: opt_delimiter TEXT ; opt_delimiter: opt_delimiter DELIM | /* empty */ ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/rr2/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000041514700504612022662 0ustar frankfrank%token DELIM TEXT %default-actions quiet %% line: line mstring | /* empty */ ; mstring: mstring atom | atom ; atom: opt_delimiter TEXT ; opt_delimiter: opt_delimiter DELIM | /* empty */ ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021645 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/doc0000664000175000017500000000126414700504612022340 0ustar frankfrankThis example is found in the C++ Annotations, available from http://www.icce.rug.nl/documents/ The example defines a calculator accepting mixed-expressions (int and double operands). It focuses on the mixed-type operands, and converts the expressions to Reversed Polish Notation (HP-calculator type) expressions. Only the +, the *, the unary - and nested expressions are implemented. Expression values are printed as cut-off integral values. Internally, double-arithmetic is used. Enter one expression per line. Error recovery is provided by skipping all information on one line when a syntax error is encountered. Enter an empty line to terminate the program. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/demo.cc0000664000175000017500000000126314700504612023102 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser/parser.h" bool A2x::s_lastFail = false; using namespace std; int main(int argc, char **argv) { cout << "Enter (nested) expressions ONLY consisting of *, + and " "unary - operators.\n" "The expressions are evaluated and converted to RPN notation\n" "Use int or double operands. Blanks and tabs are ignored.\n" "Types are propagated over expressions, but all calculations are\n" "based on int values. An empty line ends the program.\n" "Use any program argument to view parser debug output\n"; Parser parser; parser.setDebug(argc > 1); return parser.parse(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612023141 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/parser/bgram0000664000175000017500000000343314700504612024157 0ustar frankfrank %union { int i; double d; }; %token INT DOUBLE %type intExpr %type doubleExpr %left '+' %left '*' %right UnaryMinus //= %% //RULES lines: lines line | line ; line: intExpr '\n' { display($1); } | doubleExpr '\n' { display($1); } | '\n' { done(); } | error '\n' { reset(); } ; intExpr: intExpr '*' intExpr { $$ = exec('*', $1, $3); } | intExpr '+' intExpr { $$ = exec('+', $1, $3); } | '(' intExpr ')' { $$ = $2; } | '-' intExpr %prec UnaryMinus { $$ = neg($2); } | INT { $$ = convert(); } ; doubleExpr: doubleExpr '*' doubleExpr { $$ = exec('*', $1, $3); } | doubleExpr '*' intExpr { $$ = exec('*', $1, d($3)); } | intExpr '*' doubleExpr { $$ = exec('*', d($1), $3); } | doubleExpr '+' doubleExpr { $$ = exec('+', $1, $3); } | doubleExpr '+' intExpr { $$ = exec('+', $1, d($3)); } | intExpr '+' doubleExpr { $$ = exec('+', d($1), $3); } | '(' doubleExpr ')' { $$ = $2; } | '-' doubleExpr %prec UnaryMinus { $$ = neg($2); } | DOUBLE { $$ = convert(); } ; //= bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/parser/parser.h0000664000175000017500000000321014700504612024602 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V4.10.00 on Mon, 27 Apr 2015 13:18:19 +0200 #ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // $insert baseclass #include "parserbase.h" // $insert scanner.h #include "../scanner/scanner.h" #include "../_a2x.h" #undef Parser class Parser: public ParserBase { std::ostringstream d_rpn; // $insert scannerobject Scanner d_scanner; public: int parse(); private: void display(int x); void display(double x); void done() const; static double d(int i) { return i; } template Type exec(char c, Type left, Type right) { d_rpn << " " << c << " "; return c == '*' ? left * right : left + right; } template Type neg(Type op) { d_rpn << " n "; return -op; } template Type convert() { Type ret = A2x(d_scanner.matched()); d_rpn << " " << ret << " "; return ret; } void reset(); void error(); // called on (syntax) errors int lex(); // returns the next token from the // lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextToken_(); void nextCycle_(); void print_(); void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc); }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/parser/parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000162614700504612024764 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V4.10.00 on Mon, 27 Apr 2015 13:18:19 +0200 // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. // $insert class.h #include "parser.h" inline void Parser::error() { std::cerr << "Syntax error\n"; } // $insert lex inline int Parser::lex() { return d_scanner.lex(); } inline void Parser::print() { print_(); // displays tokens if --print was specified } inline void Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } // Add here includes that are only required for the compilation // of Parser's sources. // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // int Parser's sources symbols from the namespace std without // specifying std:: #include #include #include using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/parser/_done.cc0000664000175000017500000000013414700504612024532 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::done() const { cout << "Good bye\n"; ACCEPT(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/parser/_display1.cc0000664000175000017500000000023514700504612025335 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::display(int x) { cerr << "RPN: " << d_rpn.str() << endl; cerr << "int: " << x << endl; d_rpn.str(string()); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/parser/_display2.cc0000664000175000017500000000024314700504612025335 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::display(double x) { cerr << "RPN: " << d_rpn.str() << endl; cerr << "double: " << x << endl; d_rpn.str(string()); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000356014700504612024516 0ustar frankfrank//DECLARATION %default-actions quiet %filenames parser %scanner ../scanner/scanner.h %union { int i; double d; }; %token INT DOUBLE %type intExpr %type doubleExpr %left '+' %left '*' %right UnaryMinus //= %% //RULES lines: lines line | line ; line: intExpr '\n' { display($1); } | doubleExpr '\n' { display($1); } | '\n' { done(); } | error '\n' { reset(); } ; intExpr: intExpr '*' intExpr { $$ = exec('*', $1, $3); } | intExpr '+' intExpr { $$ = exec('+', $1, $3); } | '(' intExpr ')' { $$ = $2; } | '-' intExpr %prec UnaryMinus { $$ = neg($2); } | INT { $$ = convert(); } ; doubleExpr: doubleExpr '*' doubleExpr { $$ = exec('*', $1, $3); } | doubleExpr '*' intExpr { $$ = exec('*', $1, d($3)); } | intExpr '*' doubleExpr { $$ = exec('*', d($1), $3); } | doubleExpr '+' doubleExpr { $$ = exec('+', $1, $3); } | doubleExpr '+' intExpr { $$ = exec('+', $1, d($3)); } | intExpr '+' doubleExpr { $$ = exec('+', d($1), $3); } | '(' doubleExpr ')' { $$ = $2; } | '-' doubleExpr %prec UnaryMinus { $$ = neg($2); } | DOUBLE { $$ = convert(); } ; //= bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/parser/_reset.cc0000664000175000017500000000013414700504612024727 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::reset() { d_rpn.clear(); d_rpn.str(string()); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/scanner/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612023276 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/scanner/scanner.ih0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612033412 2../../simplecalc/scanner/scanner.ihustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/scanner/scanner.h0000664000175000017500000000203014700504612025073 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Flexc++ V0.93.00 on Mon, 20 Feb 2012 12:50:45 +0100 #ifndef Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ #define Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ // $insert baseclass_h #include "scannerbase.h" // $insert classHead class Scanner: public ScannerBase { public: explicit Scanner(std::istream &in = std::cin, std::ostream &out = std::cout); // $insert lexFunctionDecl int lex(); private: int lex_(); int executeAction_(size_t ruleNr); void print(); void preCode(); // re-implement this function for code that must // be exec'ed before the patternmatching starts void postCode(PostEnum_); }; inline void Scanner::postCode(PostEnum_) {} // $insert scannerConstructors inline Scanner::Scanner(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out) : ScannerBase(in, out) {} inline void Scanner::preCode() { // optionally replace by your own code } inline void Scanner::print() { print_(); } #endif // Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/scanner/lexer0000664000175000017500000000036714700504612024346 0ustar frankfrank%filenames scanner %interactive %% [ \t] ; [0-9]+ return Parser::INT; "."[0-9]* | [0-9]+("."[0-9]*)? return Parser::DOUBLE; .|\n return matched()[0]; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/_data.cc0000664000175000017500000000000114700504612023213 0ustar frankfrank bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/regression/annotations/_a2x.h0000664000175000017500000000251214700504612022647 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_BOBCAT_A2X_ #define _INCLUDED_BOBCAT_A2X_ #include #include class A2x: public std::istringstream { static bool s_lastFail; public: A2x(); A2x(char const *txt); // initialize from text A2x(std::string const &str); A2x(A2x const &other); template operator Type(); template Type to(); A2x &operator=(char const *txt); A2x &operator=(std::string const &str); A2x &operator=(A2x const &other); static bool lastFail(); }; inline A2x::A2x() {} inline A2x::A2x(char const *txt) // initialize from text : std::istringstream(txt) {} inline A2x::A2x(std::string const &str) : std::istringstream(str.c_str()) {} inline A2x::A2x(A2x const &other) : std::istringstream(other.str()) {} template inline Type A2x::to() { Type t; return (s_lastFail = (*this >> t).fail()) ? Type() : t; } template inline A2x::operator Type() { return to(); } inline A2x &A2x::operator=(std::string const &str) { return operator=(str.c_str()); } inline A2x &A2x::operator=(A2x const &other) { return operator=(other.str()); } inline bool A2x::lastFail() { return s_lastFail; } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/0000775000175000017500000000000014762311174015712 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/options.yodl0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612025642 2../manual/invoking/options.youstar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/bisonc++.yo0000664000175000017500000004212514700504612017663 0ustar frankfrankDELETEMACRO(file) NOUSERMACRO( setDebug lex yylex matched YYText file exceptionHandler lookup error) includefile(../../release.yo) htmlstyle(body)(color: #27408B; background: #FFFAF0) whenhtml(mailto(Frank B. Brokken: f.b.brokken@rug.nl)) DEFINEMACRO(lsoption)(3)(\ bf(--ARG1)=tt(ARG3) (bf(-ARG2))\ ) DEFINEMACRO(laoption)(2)(\ bf(--ARG1)=tt(ARG2)\ ) DEFINEMACRO(loption)(1)(\ bf(--ARG1)\ ) DEFINEMACRO(soption)(1)(\ bf(-ARG1)\ ) DEFINEMACRO(itx)(0)() DEFINEMACRO(itemlist)(1)(ARG1) DEFINEMACRO(bic)(0)(bf(bisonc++)) DEFINEMACRO(b)(0)(bf(bisonc++)) DEFINEMACRO(Bic)(0)(bf(Bisonc++)) DEFINEMACRO(Cpp)(0)(bf(C++)) DEFINEMACRO(prot)(0)(tt((prot))) DEFINEMACRO(itt)(1)(it() tt(ARG1)) DELETEMACRO(tt) DEFINEMACRO(tt)(1)(em(ARG1)) DEFINEMACRO(manpagetext)(0)() COMMENT( man-request, section, date, distribution file, general name) manpage(bisonc++)(1)(_CurYrs_)(bisonc++._CurVers_) (bisonc++ parser generator) COMMENT( man-request, larger title ) manpagename(bisonc++)(Generate a C++ parser class and parsing function) COMMENT( all other: add after () ) manpagesynopsis() bf(bisonc++) [OPTIONS] tt(grammar-file) manpagesection(DESCRIPTION) Bic() derives from previous work on bf(bison) by Alain Coetmeur (coetmeur@icdc.fr), who created in the early '90s a Cpp() class encapsulating the tt(yyparse) function as generated by the GNU-bf(bison) parser generator. Initial versions of bic() (up to version 0.92) wrapped Alain's program in a program offering a more modern user-interface, removing all old-style (bf(C)) tt(%define) directives from bf(bison++)'s input specification file (see below for an in-depth discussion of the differences between bf(bison++) and bic()). Starting with version 0.98, bic() is a complete rebuilt of the parser generator, closely following descriptions given in Aho, Sethi and Ullman's em(Dragon Book). Since version 0.98 bic() is a Cpp() program, rather than a bf(C) program generating bf(C++) code. Bic() expands the concepts initially implemented in bf(bison) and bf(bison++), offering a cleaner setup of the generated parser class. The parser class is derived from a base-class, mainly containing the parser's token- and type-definitions as well as several member functions which should not be modified by the programmer. Most of these base-class members might also be defined directly in the parser class, but were defined in the parser's base-class. This design results in a very lean parser class, declaring only members that are actually defined by the programmer or that have to be defined by bic() itself (e.g., the member function tt(parse) as well as some support functions requiring access to facilities that are only available in the parser class itself, rather than in the parser's base class). This design does not require any virtual members: the members which are not involved in the actual parsing process may always be (re)implemented directly by the programmer. Thus there is no need to apply or define virtual member functions. Before version 5.00.00 bic() offered one single manual page. The advantage of one man-page is of course that you never have to look for which manual page contains which information. But on the other hand, bic()'s man-page grew into a huge man-page of about 2000 lines in which it was hard to find your way. From release 5.00.00 onward, three man-pages. The index below relates manual pages to their specific contents. bf(Overview of the contents of bisonc++'s man-pages) This man-page concentrates on the tt(bisonc++) program itself, offering the following sections: itemization( it() bf(DESCRIPTION): a short description of bic() and its roots; it() bf(FROM BISONC++ < 6.00.00 TO BISONC++ >= 6.00.00): required modifications when re-generating parsers; it() bf(OPTIONS): options supported by bic(). it() bf(QUICK START): a quick start overview about how to use bic(); it() bf(GENERATED FILES): files generated by bic() and their purposes it() bf(FILES): skeleton) files used by bic(); it() bf(SEE ALSO): references to other programs and documentation; it() bf(BUGS): some additional stuff that should not qualify as bugs. it() bf(ABOUT bisonc++): Some history; it() bf(AUTHOR): at the end of this man-page. ) The bf(bisonc++input)(7) man-page covers the details of the grammar-specification file. This man-page offers these sections: itemization( it() bf(DESCRIPTION): a short description of bic() and its grammar file(s); it() bf(DIRECTIVES): bic()'s grammar-specification directives; it() bf(POLYMORPHIC SEMANTIC VALUES): how to use polymorphic semantic values in parsers generated by bic(); it() bf(DOLLAR NOTATIONS): available $-shorthand notations with single, union, and polymorphic semantic value types. it() bf(RESTRICTIONS ON TOKEN NAMES): name restrictions for user-defined symbols; it() bf(OBSOLETE SYMBOLS): symbols available to bf(bison)(1), but not to bic(); it() bf(USING SYMBOLIC TOKENS IN CLASSES OTHER THAN THE PARSER CLASS); how to refer to tokens defined in the grammar; it() bf(EXAMPLE): an example of using bic(); it() bf(SEE ALSO): references to other programs and documentation; it() bf(AUTHOR): at the end of this man-page. ) The bf(bisonc++api)(3) describes the application programmer's interface, containing these sections: itemization( it() bf(DESCRIPTION): a short description of bic() and its application programmer's interface; it() bf(PUBLIC SYMBOLS): constructor, enums, members, and types that can be used by calling software; it() bf(PRIVATE ENUMS AND -TYPES): enumerations and types only available to the tt(Parser) class; it() bf(PRIVATE MEMBER FUNCTIONS): member functions that are only available to the tt(Parser) class; it() bf(PRIVATE DATA MEMBERS): data members that are only available to the tt(Parser) class; it() bf(TYPES AND VARIABLES IN THE ANONYMOUS NAMESPACE): an overview of the types and variables that are used to define and store the grammar-tables generated by bic(); it() bf(SEE ALSO): references to other programs and documentation; it() bf(AUTHOR): at the end of this man-page. ) manpagesection(FROM BISONC++ < 6.00.00 TO BISONC++ >= 6.00.00) This section is only relevant when re-generating parser code previously generated by bic() versions before 6.00.00. Bic() version 6.00.00 generates code that significantly differs from code generated by earlier versions. The identifiers of all members (both data and functions) that are generated by bic() and accessible to the generated parser-class end in an underscore character. Member functions whose identifiers end in an underscore are `owned' by bic(), are rewritten each time bic() is run, and should not be modified. Some members are defined as members of the generated parser-class, and are declared in the parser class header file (e.g., tt(parser.h)) and some members are given default implementations in the parser's internal header file (e.g., tt(parser.ih)). Once generated, these files are left alone by bic(). Therefore, when using bic() version 6.00.00 or beyond to re-generate a parser which was originally generated by an earlier bic() version, the existing parser header and internal header files need some minor modifications: itemization( itt(void error(char const *)) was changed to tt(void error()). A default implementation is provided in the parser's internal header file. The current implementation directly inserts the text tt(Syntax error) into the standard output stream; itt(void exceptionHandler_(std::exception const &exc)) was changed to tt(void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc)). A default implementation is provided in the parser's internal header file, and only its trailing underscore characters need to be removed; itt(int lookup(bool recovery)): remove this member declaration from the previously generated parser class; it() The following members are declared without a trailing underscore character in the generated parser class. An underscore character should be added to their identifiers: tt(executeAction, errorRecovery, nextToken). it() The member tt(void nextCycle_()) must be declared in the private section of the generated parser class. ) Previously, several data members of the parser's base class were directly accessible to the parser class. Bic() version 6.00.00 restricts access to those members. They can still be read, but no longer modified by the parser class. This applies to the following members: itemization( itt(d_token_): use tt(int token_()) instead; itt(d_state_): use tt(size_t state_()) instead; ) manpagesection(OPTIONS) includefile(../manual/invoking/options.yo) manpagesection(QUICK START) Bic() may be used as follows: itemization( it() First, define a grammar. The reader is referred to bic()'s manual and other sources (like Aho, Sethi and Ullman's book) for details about how to define and decorate grammars. it() No `macro style' tt(%define) declarations are required. Instead, the normal practice of defining class members in source files and declaring them in class header files can be followed when using bic(). Bic() concentrates on its main tasks: defining a parser class and implementing the parsing function tt(int parse), leaving all other parts of the parser class' definition to the programmer. it() Having defined a grammar and (usually) some directives bic() is run, generating the essential elements of a parser class. See the next section for details about the files generated by bic(). it() Next, members required in addition to the bic()-generated member tt(parse) and its support functions must be implemented by the programmer, and declared in the parser's class header. At the very least a member tt(int lex) must be defined (a default implementation can be generated by bic()). it() The generated parser can now be used in a program. A very simple example would be: verb( int main() { Parser parser; return parser.parse(); } ) ) manpagesection(GENERATED FILES) Bic() may create the following files: itemization( it() A file containing the implementation of the member function tt(parse) and its support functions. The member tt(parse) is a public member that can be called to parse a token-sequence according to a specified LALR1 type of grammar. By default the implementations of these members are written on the file tt(parse.cc). The programmer should not modify the contents of this file; it is rewritten every time bic() is called. it() A file containing an initial setup of the parser class, containing the declaration of the public member tt(parse) and of its (private) support members. New members may safely be declared in the parser class, as it is only created by bic() if not yet existing, using the filename tt(.h) (where tt() is the the name of the defined parser class). it() A file containing the parser class' em(base class). This base class should not be modified by the programmer. It contains types defined by bic(), as well as several (protected) data members and member functions, which should not be redefined by the programmer. All symbolic parser terminal tokens are defined in this class, thereby escalating these definitions to a separate class (cf. Lakos, (2001)), which in turn prevents circular dependencies between the lexical scanner and the parser (here, circular dependencies may easily be encountered, as the parser needs access to the lexical scanner class when defining the lexical scanner as one of its data members, whereas the lexical scanner needs access to the parser class to know about the grammar's symbolic terminal tokens; escalation is a way out of such circular dependencies). By default this file is (re)written any time bic() is called, using the filename tt(base.h). it() A file containing an em(implementation header). The implementation header rather than the parser's class header file should be included by the parser's source files implementing member functions declared by the programmer. The implementation header first includes the parser class's header file, and then provides default in-line implementations for its members tt(error) and tt(print) (which may be altered by the programmer). The member tt(lex) may also receive a standard in-line implementation. Alternatively, its implementation can be provided by the programmer (see below). Any directives and/or namespace directives required for the proper compilation of the parser's additional member functions should be declared next. The implementation header is included by the file defining tt(parse). By default the implementation header is created if not yet existing, receiving the filename tt(.ih). it() A verbose description of the generated parser. This file is comparable to the verbose output file originally generated by bf(bison++). It is generated when the option tt(--verbose) or tt(-V) is provided. If so, bic() writes the file tt(.output), where tt() is the name of the file containing the grammar definition. ) manpagesection(FILES) itemization( it() bf(bisonc++base.h): skeleton of the parser's base class; it() bf(bisonc++.h): skeleton of the parser class; it() bf(bisonc++.ih): skeleton of the implementation header; it() bf(bisonc++.cc): skeleton of the member tt(parse); it() bf(bisonc++polymorphic): skeleton of the declarations used by tt(%polymorphic); it() bf(bisonc++polymorphic.code): skeleton of the non-inline implementations of the members declared in bf(bisonc++polymorphic). it() bf(debugdecl.in): skeleton declaring members of the parser's base class that are only required when the tt(debug) option or directive was specified. it() bf(debugfunctions1.in): skeleton defining the members declared in tt(debugdecl.in). it() bf(debugfunctions2.in): skeleton implementing tt(symbol_), which is only needed when the tt(print-tokens) option or directive was specified. it() bf(debugfunctions3.in): skeleton implementing tt(errorVerbose_), which is only needed when the tt(error-verbose) option or directive was specified. it() bf(debugincludes.in): skeleton specifying the header files tt(#include) directives that are required when the tt(debug) option or directive was specified. it() bf(debuglookup.in): skeleton containing extra code required in the tt(Parser::lookup) member when the tt(debug) option of directive was specified. it() bf(lex.in): skeleton implementing the tt(Parser::lex) function. it() bf(ltypedata.in): skeleton declaring the location variables it() bf(ltype.in): skeleton defining the default or user defined tt(LTYPE_). it() bf(print.in): skeleton implementing the actions of tt(Parser::print) if the tt(print-tokens) option or directive was specified. ) manpagesection(SEE ALSO) DEFINESYMBOL(manalso)(bf(bisonc++api)(3), bf(bisonc++input)(7)) includefile(seealso.yo) manpagesection(BUGS) Parser-class header files (e.g., Parser.h) and parser-class internal header files (e.g., Parser.ih) generated with bisonc++ < 6.00.00 require several minor hand-modifications when re-generating the parser with bic() >= 6.00.00. See the earlier section bf(FROM BISONC++ < 6.00.00 TO BISONC++ >= 6.00.00) for details. To avoid collisions with names defined by the parser's (base) class, the following identifiers should not be used as token names: itemization( it() Identifiers ending in an underscore; it() Any of the following identifiers: tt(ABORT, ACCEPT, ERROR, debug, error), or tt(setDebug). ) manpagesection(ABOUT bisonc++) bf(Bisonc++) was based on bf(bison++), originally developed by Alain Coetmeur (coetmeur@icdc.fr), R&D department (RDT), Informatique-CDC, France, who based his work on bf(bison), GNU version 1.21. Bic() version 0.98 and beyond is a complete rewrite of an LALR-1 parser generator, closely following the construction process as described in Aho, Sethi and Ullman's (1986) book bf(Compilers) (i.e., the em(Dragon book)). It uses the same grammar specification as bf(bison) and bf(bison++), and it uses practically the same options and directives as bic() versions earlier than 0.98. Variables, declarations and macros that are obsolete were removed. Compared to tt(bison) and tt(bison++), the number and functions of the various tt(%define) declarations was thoroughly modified. All of tt(bison's %define) declarations were replaced by their (former) first arguments. Furthermore, `macro-style' declarations are not supported or required. Finally, all directives only use lower-case characters and do not contain underscore characters (but sometimes hyphens). E.g., tt(%define DEBUG) is now declared as tt(%debug); tt(%define LSP_NEEDED) is now declared as tt(%lsp-needed) (note the hyphen). manpageauthor() Frank B. Brokken (f.b.brokken@rug.nl). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/bisonc++api.yo0000664000175000017500000002132114700504612020350 0ustar frankfrankDELETEMACRO(file) NOUSERMACRO(LALR setDebug ParserBase ABORT throw ACCEPT debug error lex print parse setLoc api file exceptionHandler) includefile(../../release.yo) htmlstyle(body)(color: #27408B; background: #FFFAF0) whenhtml(mailto(Frank B. Brokken: f.b.brokken@rug.nl)) DEFINEMACRO(lsoption)(3)(\ bf(--ARG1)=tt(ARG3) (bf(-ARG2))\ ) DEFINEMACRO(laoption)(2)(\ bf(--ARG1)=tt(ARG2)\ ) DEFINEMACRO(loption)(1)(\ bf(--ARG1)\ ) DEFINEMACRO(soption)(1)(\ bf(-ARG1)\ ) DEFINEMACRO(itx)(0)() DEFINEMACRO(itemlist)(1)(ARG1) DEFINEMACRO(bic)(0)(bf(bisonc++)) DEFINEMACRO(b)(0)(bf(bisonc++)) DEFINEMACRO(Bic)(0)(bf(Bisonc++)) DEFINEMACRO(Cpp)(0)(bf(C++)) DEFINEMACRO(prot)(0)(tt((prot))) DEFINEMACRO(itt)(1)(it() tt(ARG1)) DELETEMACRO(tt) DEFINEMACRO(tt)(1)(em(ARG1)) COMMENT( man-request, section, date, distribution file, general name) manpage(bisonc++api)(3)(_CurYrs_)(bisonc++._CurVers_) (bisonc++ API) COMMENT( man-request, larger title ) manpagename(bisonc++) (Application programmer's interface of bisonc++ generated classes) COMMENT( all other: add after () ) manpagesection(DESCRIPTION) Bic() derives from bf(bison++)(1), originally derived from bf(bison)(1). Like these programs bic() generates a parser for an LALR(1) grammar. Bic() generates bf(C++) code: an expandable bf(C++) class. Refer to bf(bisonc++)(1) for a general overview. This manual page covers the application programmer's interface of classes generated by bic(). It contains the following sections: itemization( it() bf(DESCRIPTION): this section; it() bf(PUBLIC SYMBOLS): constructor, enums, members, and types that can be used by calling software; it() bf(PRIVATE ENUMS AND -TYPES): enumerations and types only available to the tt(Parser) class; it() bf(PRIVATE MEMBER FUNCTIONS): member functions that are only available to the tt(Parser) class; it() bf(PRIVATE DATA MEMBERS): data members that are only available to the tt(Parser) class; it() bf(TYPES AND VARIABLES IN THE ANONYMOUS NAMESPACE): an overview of the types and variables that are used to define and store the grammar-tables generated by bic(); it() bf(SEE ALSO): references to other programs and documentation; it() bf(AUTHOR): at the end of this man-page. ) All identifiers ending in an underscore character are reserved for bic(). Member functions ending in an underscore character must not be redefined. Data members ending in an underscore character are available in the generated parser class, and may be modified by user-defined members of the parser class. Some members like (tt(error, exceptionHandler, lex)) are defined in the parser class and must remain present, but their implementations may be altered by the user. Members for which no default implementation is provided in the parser's internal header file (e.g., tt(Parser.ih)) may not be redefined or masked by user-provided code. manpagesection(UNDERSCORES) includefile(../manual/underscores.yo) manpagesection(PUBLIC SYMBOLS) includefile(../manual/class/public.yo) manpagesection(PRIVATE ENUMS AND -TYPES) includefile(../manual/class/privenum.yo) manpagesection(PRIVATE MEMBER FUNCTIONS) includefile(../manual/class/privmembers.yo) manpagesection(PRIVATE DATA MEMBERS) The following data members can be used by members of parser classes generated by bic(). All data members are actually protected members inherited from the parser's base class. itemization( it() bf(size_t d_acceptedTokens_):nl() Counts the number of accepted tokens since the start of the tt(parse()) function or since the last detected syntactic error. It is initialized to tt(d_requiredTokens_) to allow an early error to be detected as well. it() bf(bool d_actionCases_):nl() When the tt(debug) option has been specified, this variable (tt(false) by default) determines whether the number of action block which is about to be executed by the parser's member tt(executeAction) will be displayed to the standard output stream. it() bf(bool d_debug_):nl() When the tt(debug) option has been specified, this variable (tt(true) by default) determines whether debug information is actually displayed. it() bf(LTYPE_ d_loc_):nl() The location type value associated with a terminal token. It can be used by, e.g., lexical scanners to pass location information of a matched token to the parser in parallel with a returned token. It is available only when tt(%lsp-needed, %ltype) or tt(%locationstruct) has been defined. nl() Lexical scanners may be offered the facility to assign a value to this variable in parallel with a returned token. In order to allow a scanner access to tt(d_loc_), tt(d_loc_)'s address should be passed to the scanner. This can be realized, for example, by defining a member tt(void setLoc(STYPE_ *)) in the lexical scanner, which is then called from the parser's constructor as follows: verb( d_scanner.setSLoc(&d_loc_); ) Subsequently, the lexical scanner may assign a value to the parser's tt(d_loc_) variable through the pointer to tt(d_loc_) stored inside the lexical scanner. it() bf(size_t d_nErrors_):nl() The number of errors counted by tt(parse). It is initialized by the parser's base class initializer, and is updated while tt(parse) executes. When tt(parse) has returned it contains the total number of errors counted by tt(parse). Errors are not counted if suppressed (i.e., if tt(d_acceptedTokens_) is less than tt(d_requiredTokens_)). it() bf(size_t d_requiredTokens_):nl() Defines the minimum number of accepted tokens that the tt(parse) function must have processed before a syntactic error can be generated. it() bf(STYPE_ d_val_):nl() The semantic value of a returned token or nonterminal symbol. With nonterminal tokens it is assigned a value through the action rule's symbol tt($$). Lexical scanners may be offered the facility to assign a semantic value to this variable in parallel with a returned token. In order to allow a scanner access to tt(d_val_), tt(d_val_)'s address should be passed to the scanner. This can be realized, for example, by passing tt(d_val_)'s address to the lexical scanner's constructor. Subsequently, the lexical scanner may assign a value to the parser's tt(d_val_) variable through the pointer to tt(d_val_) stored in a data member of the lexical scanner. Note that in some cases this approach em(must) be used to make the correct semantic value available to the parser. In particular, when a grammar state defines multiple reductions, depending on the next token, the reduction's action only takes place following the retrieval of the next token, thus losing the initially matched token text. If tt(STYPE) is a polymorphic semantic value, specific requirements for assigning values to tt(d_val_) apply. IFDEF(MANUAL)((cf. section ref(POLYTYPE)))(). ) manpagesection(BUGS) With bic() version 6.00.00 the following members were modified. Where necessary alternatives are mentioned: itemization( it() bf(bool Base::debug() const): use the tt(d_debug_) data member; it() bf(void error(char const *)): replaced by bf(void error+nop()()); it() bf(void exceptionHandler_(std::exception const &exc)): omit the final underscores: bf(void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc)) it() bf(void executeAction+nop()(int)): add one underscore to the declaration in the parser class interface: bf(void executeAction_+nop()(int)) it() bf(int lookup+nop()(bool)): omit this member from the parser class interface. it() bf(void nextCycle_+nop()(int)): add this member declaration to the parser class interface. it() bf(void nextToken+nop()(int)): add one underscore to the declaration in the parser class interface: bf(void nextToken_+nop()(int)) it() bf(size_t d_nextToken_): removed from the interface. it() bf(int d_state_): use tt(state_()). it() bf(int d_token_): use tt(token_()). it() bf(LTYPE_ d_vsp_): removed from the interface. Use tt(vsp_+nop()()) instead. ) manpagesection(TYPES AND VARIABLES IN THE ANONYMOUS NAMESPACE) includefile(../manual/class/anonymous.yo) manpagesection(SEE ALSO) DEFINESYMBOL(manalso)(bf(bisonc++)(1), bf(bisonc++input)(7)) includefile(seealso.yo) manpageauthor() Frank B. Brokken (f.b.brokken@rug.nl). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020034 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/build0000775000175000017500000000060314700504612021060 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash case $1 in (clean) rm -rf scanner/lex.cc scanner/scannerbase.h \ calculator parser/parse.* ;; (demo) cd parser bisonc++ grammar cd ../scanner flexc++ lexer cd .. g++ -Wall -o calculator *.cc */*.cc ;; (*) echo "$0 [clean|demo] to clean or build the demo program" ;; esac bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/README0000664000175000017500000000011214700504612020706 0ustar frankfrank Run `build clean' to cleanup, `build demo' to create the program. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021330 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/parser/parser.h0000664000175000017500000000211314700504612022772 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V5.00.00 on Sun, 03 Apr 2016 17:49:17 +0200 #ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // $insert baseclass #include "parserbase.h" // $insert scanner.h #include "../scanner/scanner.h" #undef Parser class Parser: public ParserBase { // $insert scannerobject Scanner d_scanner; public: int parse(); private: void error(); // called on (syntax) errors int lex(); // returns the next token from the // lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc void prompt(); void done(); // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextCycle_(); void nextToken_(); void print_(); void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc); }; inline void Parser::prompt() { std::cout << "? " << std::flush; } inline void Parser::done() { std::cout << "Done\n"; ACCEPT(); } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/parser/parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000153314700504612023150 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V5.00.00 on Sun, 03 Apr 2016 17:51:26 +0200 // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. // $insert class.h #include "parser.h" inline void Parser::error() { std::cerr << "Syntax error\n"; } // $insert lex inline int Parser::lex() { return d_scanner.lex(); } inline void Parser::print() { print_(); // displays tokens if --print was specified } inline void Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } // Add here includes that are only required for the compilation // of Parser's sources. // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // int Parser's sources symbols from the namespace std without // specifying std:: using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000224414700504612022703 0ustar frankfrank%filenames parser %scanner ../scanner/scanner.h %token-path ../tokens/tokens.h // lowest precedence %token NUMBER // integral numbers EOLN // newline %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' %right UNARY // highest precedence %% expressions: expressions evaluate | prompt ; evaluate: alternative prompt ; prompt: { prompt(); } ; alternative: expression EOLN { cout << $1 << endl; } | 'q' done | EOLN | error EOLN ; done: { cout << "Done.\n"; ACCEPT(); } ; expression: expression '+' expression { $$ = $1 + $3; } | expression '-' expression { $$ = $1 - $3; } | expression '*' expression { $$ = $1 * $3; } | expression '/' expression { $$ = $1 / $3; } | '-' expression %prec UNARY { $$ = -$2; } | '+' expression %prec UNARY { $$ = $2; } | '(' expression ')' { $$ = $2; } | NUMBER { $$ = stoul(d_scanner.matched()); } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/parser/parserbase.h0000664000175000017500000000715514700504612023640 0ustar frankfrank// hdr/includes #ifndef ParserBase_h_included #define ParserBase_h_included #include #include #include // $insert preincludes #include "../tokens/tokens.h" // hdr/baseclass namespace // anonymous { struct PI_; } // $insert parserbase class ParserBase: public Tokens { public: enum DebugMode_ { OFF = 0, ON = 1 << 0, ACTIONCASES = 1 << 1 }; // $insert tokens // $insert STYPE using STYPE_ = int; private: // state semval using StatePair = std::pair; // token semval using TokenPair = std::pair; int d_stackIdx = -1; std::vector d_stateStack; StatePair *d_vsp = 0; // points to the topmost value stack size_t d_state = 0; TokenPair d_next; int d_token; bool d_terminalToken = false; bool d_recovery = false; protected: enum Return_ { PARSE_ACCEPT_ = 0, // values used as parse()'s return values PARSE_ABORT_ = 1 }; enum ErrorRecovery_ { UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_, }; bool d_actionCases_ = false; // set by options/directives bool d_debug_ = true; size_t d_requiredTokens_; size_t d_nErrors_; // initialized by clearin() size_t d_acceptedTokens_; STYPE_ d_val_; ParserBase(); void ABORT() const; void ACCEPT() const; void ERROR() const; STYPE_ &vs_(int idx); // value stack element idx int lookup_() const; int savedToken_() const; int token_() const; size_t stackSize_() const; size_t state_() const; size_t top_() const; void clearin_(); void errorVerbose_(); void lex_(int token); void popToken_(); void pop_(size_t count = 1); void pushToken_(int token); void push_(size_t nextState); void redoToken_(); bool recovery_() const; void reduce_(int rule); void shift_(int state); void startRecovery_(); public: void setDebug(bool mode); void setDebug(DebugMode_ mode); }; // hdr/abort inline void ParserBase::ABORT() const { throw PARSE_ABORT_; } // hdr/accept inline void ParserBase::ACCEPT() const { throw PARSE_ACCEPT_; } // hdr/error inline void ParserBase::ERROR() const { throw UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_; } // hdr/savedtoken inline int ParserBase::savedToken_() const { return d_next.first; } // hdr/opbitand inline ParserBase::DebugMode_ operator&(ParserBase::DebugMode_ lhs, ParserBase::DebugMode_ rhs) { return static_cast( static_cast(lhs) & rhs); } // hdr/opbitor inline ParserBase::DebugMode_ operator|(ParserBase::DebugMode_ lhs, ParserBase::DebugMode_ rhs) { return static_cast(static_cast(lhs) | rhs); }; // hdr/recovery inline bool ParserBase::recovery_() const { return d_recovery; } // hdr/stacksize inline size_t ParserBase::stackSize_() const { return d_stackIdx + 1; } // hdr/state inline size_t ParserBase::state_() const { return d_state; } // hdr/token inline int ParserBase::token_() const { return d_token; } // hdr/vs inline ParserBase::STYPE_ &ParserBase::vs_(int idx) { return (d_vsp + idx)->second; } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/scanner/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021465 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/scanner/scanner.ih0000664000175000017500000000011514700504612023435 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.h" #include "../tokens/tokens.h" // end of scanner.ih bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/scanner/scanner.h0000664000175000017500000000234714700504612023275 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Flexc++ V2.04.01 on Sun, 03 Apr 2016 17:47:44 +0200 #ifndef Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ #define Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ // $insert baseclass_h #include "scannerbase.h" // $insert classHead class Scanner: public ScannerBase { public: explicit Scanner(std::istream &in = std::cin, std::ostream &out = std::cout); // $insert lexFunctionDecl int lex(); private: int lex_(); int executeAction_(size_t ruleNr); void print(); void preCode(); // re-implement this function for code that must // be exec'ed before the patternmatching starts void postCode(PostEnum_ type); // re-implement this function for code that must // be exec'ed after the rules's actions. }; // $insert scannerConstructors inline Scanner::Scanner(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out) : ScannerBase(in, out) {} inline void Scanner::preCode() { // optionally replace by your own code } inline void Scanner::postCode(PostEnum_ type) { // optionally replace by your own code } inline void Scanner::print() { print_(); } #endif // Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/scanner/lexer0000664000175000017500000000045714700504612022535 0ustar frankfrank// see also regression/calculator/scanner %interactive %filenames scanner %% [ \t]+ // skip white space \n return Tokens::EOLN; [0-9]+ return Tokens::NUMBER; . return matched()[0]; %% bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/tokens/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021337 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/tokens/tokens.h0000664000175000017500000000027014700504612023012 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef INCLUDED_TOKENS_ #define INCLUDED_TOKENS_ struct Tokens { // Symbolic tokens: enum Tokens_ { NUMBER = 257, EOLN, UNARY, }; }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/calculator/main.cc0000664000175000017500000000014114700504612021263 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser/parser.h" int main() { Parser calculator; return calculator.parse(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/bisonc++input.yo0000664000175000017500000011320214700504612020736 0ustar frankfrankDELETEMACRO(file) NOUSERMACRO(LALR lex yylex valid swap setDebug YYText specification input file tag) includefile(../../release.yo) htmlstyle(body)(color: #27408B; background: #FFFAF0) whenhtml(mailto(Frank B. Brokken: f.b.brokken@rug.nl)) DEFINEMACRO(lsoption)(3)(\ bf(--ARG1)=tt(ARG3) (bf(-ARG2))\ ) DEFINEMACRO(laoption)(2)(\ bf(--ARG1)=tt(ARG2)\ ) DEFINEMACRO(loption)(1)(\ bf(--ARG1)\ ) DEFINEMACRO(soption)(1)(\ bf(-ARG1)\ ) DEFINEMACRO(itx)(0)() DEFINEMACRO(itemlist)(1)(ARG1) DEFINEMACRO(bic)(0)(bf(bisonc++)) DEFINEMACRO(b)(0)(bf(bisonc++)) DEFINEMACRO(Bic)(0)(bf(Bisonc++)) DEFINEMACRO(Cpp)(0)(bf(C++)) DEFINEMACRO(prot)(0)(tt((prot))) DEFINEMACRO(itt)(1)(it() tt(ARG1)) DELETEMACRO(tt) DEFINEMACRO(tt)(1)(em(ARG1)) COMMENT( man-request, section, date, distribution file, general name) manpage(bisonc++input)(7)(_CurYrs_)(bisonc++._CurVers_) (bisonc++ grammar file organization) COMMENT( man-request, larger title ) manpagename(bisonc++input)(Organization of bisonc++'s grammar file(s)) manpagesection(DESCRIPTION) Bic() derives from bf(bison++)(1), originally derived from bf(bison)(1). Like these programs bic() generates a parser for an LALR(1) grammar. Bic() generates bf(C++) code: an expandable bf(C++) class. Refer to bf(bisonc++)(1) for a general overview. This manual page covers the structure and organization of bic()'s grammar file(s). Bic()'s grammar file has the following generic outline: verb( directives (see the next section) %% grammar rules ) Grammar rules have the following generic form: verb( nonterminal: production-rules ; ) Production rules consist of zero or more sequences of terminal tokens, nonterminal tokens and/or action blocks. When multiple production rules are used they must be separated from each other by vertical bars. Action blocks are bf(C++) compound statements. This manual page contains the following sections: itemization( it() bf(DESCRIPTION): this section; it() bf(DIRECTIVES): bic()'s grammar-specification directives; it() bf(POLYMORPHIC SEMANTIC VALUES): how to use polymorphic semantic values in parsers generated by bic(); it() bf(DOLLAR NOTATIONS): available $-shorthand notations with single, union, and polymorphic semantic value types. it() bf(RESTRICTIONS ON TOKEN NAMES): name restrictions for user-defined symbols; it() bf(OBSOLETE SYMBOLS): symbols available to bf(bison)(1), but not to bic(); it() bf(USING SYMBOLIC TOKENS IN CLASSES OTHER THAN THE PARSER CLASS); how to refer to tokens defined in the grammar; it() bf(EXAMPLE): an example of using bic(); it() bf(SEE ALSO): references to other programs and documentation; it() bf(AUTHOR): at the end of this man-page. ) manpagesection(UNDERSCORES) includefile(../manual/underscores.yo) manpagesection(DIRECTIVES) Quite a few directives can be specified in the initial section of the grammar specification file. If command-line options for directives are available, then their specifications take precedence over the corresponding directives in the grammar file. Once class header or implementation header files exist directives affecting those files are ignored. Directives accepting a `filename' do not accept path names, i.e., they cannot contain directory separators (tt(/)); directives accepting a 'pathname' may contain directory separators. A 'pathname' using blank characters should be surrounded by double quotes. Some directives may generate errors. This happens when their specifications conflict with the contents of files bic() cannot modify (e.g., a parser class header file exists, but doesn't define a namespace, but in a later run the a tt(%namespace) directive was provided). To resolve such errors the offending directive could be omitted, the existing file could be removed, or the existing file could be hand-edited according to the directive's specification. itemization( it() bf(%baseclass-header) tt(filename) tt(Filename) defines the name of the file to contain the parser's base class. This class defines, e.g., the parser's symbolic tokens. Defaults to the name of the parser class plus the suffix tt(base.h). This directive is overruled by the bf(--baseclass-header) (bf(-b)) command-line option. It is an error if this directive is used and an already existing parser class header file does not contain tt(#include "filename"). it() bf(%baseclass-preinclude) tt(pathname) tt(Pathname) defines the path to the file preincluded by the parser's base-class header. See the description of the tt(--baseclass-preinclude) option for details about this directive. By default, bic() surrounds tt(header) by double quotes. However, when tt(header) itself is surrounded by pointed brackets tt(#include
) is included. it() bf(%class-header) tt(filename) tt(Filename) defines the name of the file to contain the parser class. Defaults to the name of the parser class plus the suffix tt(.h) This directive is overruled by the bf(--class-header) (bf(-c)) command-line option. It is an error if this directive is used and an already existing implementation header file does not contain tt(#include "filename"). it() bf(%class-name) tt(parser-class-name) Declares the name of the parser class. It defines the name of the bf(C++) class that is generated. If no tt(%class-name) is specified the default class name tt(Parser) is used. It is an error if this directive is used and an already existing parser-class header file does not define tt(class `className') and/or if an already existing implementation header file does not define members of the class tt(`className'). it() bf(%debug) Add debugging code to the generated tt(parse) and its support functions, which can show (on the standard output stream) the steps performed by the parsing function while it parses input streams. When this directive is specified then the parsing steps are shown by default. The tt(setDebug) members can be used to suppress outputting these parsing steps. tt(#ifdef DEBUG) macros are not used. Existing debugging code can be removed by rerunning bic() without specifying the tt(debug) option or directive. it() bf(%default-actions)(d)(off|quiet|warn|std) By default, bic() adds a tt($$ = $1) action block to rules not having final action blocks, but not to empty production rules. This default behavior can also explicitly be configured using the tt(default-actions std) option or directive. Bic() also supports alternate ways of handling rules not having final action blocks. When tt(off) is specified, bic() does not add tt($$ = $1) action blocks; when polymorphic semantic values are used, then specifying - tt(warn) adds specialized action blocks, using the semantic types of the first elements of the production rules, while issuing a warning; - tt(quiet) adds these action blocks without issuing warnings. When either tt(warn) or tt(quiet) are specified the types of $$ and $1 must match. When bic() detects a type mismatches it issues errors. it() bf(%error-verbose) This directive can be specified to dump the parser's state stack to the standard output stream when the parser encounters a syntactic error. The stack dump shows on separate lines a stack index followed by the state stored at the indicated stack element. The first stack element is the stack's top element. it() bf(%expect) tt(number) This directive specifies the exact number of shift/reduce and reduce/reduce conflicts for which no warnings are to be generated. Details of the conflicts are reported in the verbose output file (e.g., tt(grammar.output)). If the number of actually encountered conflicts deviates from `tt(number)', then this directive is ignored. it() bf(%filenames) tt(filename) tt(Filename) is a generic filename that is used for all header files generated by bic(). Options defining specific filenames are also available (which then, in turn, overrule the name specified by this directive). This directive is overruled by the bf(--filenames) (bf(-f)) command-line option. it() bf(%flex) When provided, the scanner member returning the matched text is called as tt(d_scanner.YYText()), and the scanner member returning the next lexical token is called as tt(d_scanner.yylex()). This directive is only interpreted if the tt(%scanner) directive is also provided. it() bf(%implementation-header) tt(filename) tt(Filename) defines the name of the file to contain the implementation header. It defaults to the name of the generated parser class plus the suffix tt(.ih). The implementation header should contain all directives and declarations that are em(only) used by the parser's member functions. It is the only header file that is included by the source file containing tt(parse)'s implementation. User defined implementation of other class members may use the same convention, thus concentrating all directives and declarations that are required for the compilation of other source files belonging to the parser class in one header file. it() bf(%include) tt(pathname) This directive is used to switch to tt(pathname) while processing a grammar specification. Unless tt(pathname) defines an absolute file-path, tt(pathname) is searched relative to the location of bic()'s main grammar specification file (i.e., the grammar file that was specified as bic()'s command-line option). This directive can be used to split long grammar specification files in shorter, meaningful units. After processing tt(pathname) processing continues beyond the tt(%include pathname) directive. it() bf(%left) tt(terminal ...) Defines the names of symbolic terminal tokens that must be treated as left-associative. I.e., in case of a shift/reduce conflict, a reduction is preferred over a shift. Sequences of tt(%left, %nonassoc, %right) and tt(%token) directives may be used to define the precedence of operators. In expressions, the first used directive defines the tokens having the lowest precedence, the last used defines the tokens having the highest priority. See also tt(%token) below. it() bf(%locationstruct) tt(struct-definition) Defines the organization of the location-struct data type tt(LTYPE_). This struct should be specified analogously to the way the parser's stacktype is defined using tt(%union) (see below). The location struct is named tt(LTYPE_). By default (if neither tt(locationstruct) nor tt(LTYPE_) is specified) the standard location struct (see the next directive) is used: it() bf(%lsp-needed) This directive results in bic() generating a parser using the standard location stack. This stack's default type is: verb( struct LTYPE_ { int timestamp; int first_line; int first_column; int last_line; int last_column; char *text; }; ) Bic() does em(not) provide the elements of the tt(LTYPE_) struct with values. Action blocks of production rules may refer to the location stack element associated with a production element using tt(@) variables, like tt(@1.timestamp, @3.text, @5). The rule's location struct itself may be referred to as either tt(d_loc_) or tt(@@). it() bf(%ltype typename) Specifies a user-defined token location type. If tt(%ltype) is used, tt(typename) should be the name of an alternate (predefined) type (e.g., tt(size_t)). It should not be used if a tt(%locationstruct) specification is defined (see below). Within the parser class, this type is available as the type `tt(LTYPE_)'. All text on the line following tt(%ltype) is used for the tt(typename) specification. It should therefore not contain comment or any other characters that are not part of the actual type definition. it() bf(%namespace) tt(namespace) Define all of the code generated by bic() in the namespace tt(namespace). By default no namespace is defined. If this directive is used the implementation header is provided with a commented out tt(using namespace) declaration for the specified namespace. In addition, the parser and parser base class header files also use the specified namespace to define their include guard directives. It is an error if this directive is used and an already existing parser-class header file and/or implementation header file does not define tt(namespace identifier). it() bf(%negative-dollar-indices) Do not generate warnings when zero- or negative dollar-indices are used in the grammar's action blocks. Zero or negative dollar-indices are commonly used to implement inherited attributes, and should normally be avoided. When used, they can be specified like tt($-1), or like tt($-1), where tt(type) is empty; an tt(STYPE_) tag; or a field-name. However, note that in combination with the tt(%polymorphic) directive (see below) only the tt($-i) format can be used. it() bf(%no-lines) By default tt(#line) preprocessor directives are inserted just before action statements in the file containing the parser's tt(parse) function. These directives are suppressed by the tt(%no-lines) directive. it() bf(%nonassoc) tt(terminal ...) Defines the names of symbolic terminal tokens that should be treated as non-associative. I.e., in case of a shift/reduce conflict, a reduction is preferred over a shift. Sequences of tt(%left, %nonassoc, %right) and tt(%token) directives may be used to define the precedence of operators. In expressions, the first used directive defines the tokens having the lowest precedence, the last used defines the tokens having the highest priority. See also tt(%token) below. it() bf(%parsefun-source) tt(filename) tt(Filename) defines the name of the file to contain the parser member function tt(parse). Defaults to tt(parse.cc). This directive is overruled by the bf(--parse-source) (bf(-p)) command-line option. it() bf(%polymorphic) tt(polymorphic-specification(s)) Bison's traditional way of handling multiple semantic values is to use a tt(%union) specification (see below). Although tt(%union) is supported by bic(), a polymorphic semantic value class is preferred due to its improved type safety. The tt(%polymorphic) directive defines a polymorphic semantic value class and can be used instead of a tt(%union) specification. Refer to section bf(POLYMORPHIC SEMANTIC VALUES) below or to bic()'s user manual for a detailed description of the specification, characteristics, and use of polymorphic semantic values. it() bf(%prec) tt(token) Defines the precedence of a (non-empty) production rule. By default, production rules have priorities that are equal to the priorities of their first terminal tokens, or they receive the maximum possible priority if they don't contain terminal tokens. To change a production rule's default priority the tt(%prec) directive is used, which assigns the directive's token's priority to the production rule's priority. A well known application of tt(%prec) is: verb( expression: '-' expression %prec UMINUS { ... } ) Here, the default priority and precedence of the `tt(-)' token as the subtraction operator is overruled by the precedence and priority of the tt(UMINUS) token, which is commonly defined as verb( %right UMINUS ) (see below) following, e.g., the tt('*') and tt('/') operators. Refer to bic()'s user manual for a more elaborate coverage of the tt(%prec) directive. it() bf(%print-tokens) The tt(print) directive provides an implementation of the Parser class's tt(print_) function displaying the current token value and the text matched by the lexical scanner as received by the generated tt(parse) function. it() bf(%prompt) When adding debugging code (using the tt(debug) option or directive) the debug information is displayed continuously while the parser processes its input. When using the tt(prompt) directive the generated parser displays a prompt (a question mark) at each step of the parsing process. Caveat: when using this option the parser's input cannot be provided at the parser's standard input stream. it() bf(%required-tokens) tt(number) Following a syntactic error, require at least tt(number) successfully processed tokens before another syntactic error can be reported. By default tt(number) is zero. it() bf(%right) tt(terminal ...) Defines the names of symbolic terminal tokens that should be treated as right-associative. I.e., in case of a shift/reduce conflict, a shift is preferred over a reduction. Sequences of tt(%left, %nonassoc, %right) and tt(%token) directives may be used to define the precedence of operators. In expressions, the first used directive defines the tokens having the lowest precedence, the last used defines the tokens having the highest priority. See also tt(%token) below. it() bf(%scanner) tt(pathname) Use tt(pathname) as the path name to the file pre-included in the parser's class header. See the description of the tt(--scanner) option for details about this directive. Similar to the convention adopted for this argument, tt(pathname) by default is surrounded by double quotes. However, when the argument is surrounded by pointed brackets tt(#include ) is included. This directive results in the definition of a composed tt(Scanner d_scanner) data member into the generated parser, and in the definition of a tt(int lex()) member, returning tt(d_scanner.lex()). By specifying the tt(%flex) directive the function tt(d_scanner.yylex()) is called. Any other function to call can be specified using the tt(--scanner-token-function) option (or tt(%scanner-token-function) directive). It is an error if this directive is used and an already existing parser class header file does not include tt(`pathname'). it() bf(%scanner-class-name) tt(scannerClassName) Defines the name of the scanner class, declared by the tt(pathname) header file that is specified at the tt(scanner) option or directive. By default the class name tt(Scanner) is used. It is an error if this directive is used and either the tt(scanner) directive was not provided, or the parser class interface in an already existing parser class header file does not declare a scanner class tt(d_scanner) object. it() bf(%scanner-matched-text-function) tt(function-call) The scanner function returning the text that was matched by the lexical scanner after its token function (see below) has returned. A complete function call expression should be provided (including a scanner object, if used). Example: verb( %scanner-matched-text-function myScanner.matchedText() ) By specifying the tt(%flex) directive the function tt(d_scanner.YYText()) is called. If the function call contains white space tt(scanner-token-function) should be surrounded by double quotes. it() bf(%scanner-token-function) tt(function-call) The scanner function returning the next token, called from the generated parser's tt(lex) function. A complete function call expression should be provided (including a scanner object, if used). Example: verb( %scanner-token-function d_scanner.lex() ) If the function call contains white space tt(scanner-token-function) should be surrounded by double quotes. It is an error if this directive is used and the scanner token function is not called from the code in an already existing implementation header. it() bf(%stack-expansion) tt(size) Defines the number of elements to be added to the generated parser's semantic value stack when it must be enlarged. By default 10 elements are added to the stack. This option/directive is interpreted only once, and only if tt(size) at least equals the default stack expansion size of 10. it() bf(%start) tt(nonterminal) The nonterminal tt(nonterminal) should be used as the grammar's start-symbol. If omitted, the first grammatical rule is used as the grammar's starting rule. All syntactically correct sentences must be derivable from this starting rule. it() bf(%stype) tt(typename) The type of the semantic value of nonterminal tokens. By default it is tt(int). tt(%stype, %union,) and tt(%polymorphic) are mutually exclusive directives. Within the parser class, the semantic value type is available as the type `tt(STYPE_)'. All text on the line following tt(%stype) is used for the tt(typename) specification. It should therefore not contain comment or any other characters that are not part of the actual type definition. it() bf(%tag-mismatches) tt(on|off) This directive is only interpreted when polymorphic semantic values are used. When tt(on) is specified (which is used by default) the tt(parse) member of the generated parser dynamically checks that the tag that is used when calling a semantic value's tt(get) member matches the actual tag of the semantic value. If a mismatch is observed, then the parsing function aborts after displaying a fatal error message. If this happens, and if the option/directive tt(debug) was specified when bic() created the parser's parsing function, then the program can be rerun, specifying tt(parser.setDebug(Parser::ACTIONCASES)) before calling the parsing function. As a result the case-entry numbers of the tt(switch), defined in the parser's tt(executeAction) member, are inserted into the standard output stream. The action case number reported just before the program displays the fatal error message tells you in which of the grammar's action block the error was encountered. it() bf(%target-directory) tt(pathname) tt(Pathname) defines the directory where generated files should be written. By default this is the directory where bic() is called. This directive is overruled by the tt(--target-directory) command-line option. it() bf(%thread-safe) Only used with polymorphic semantic values, and then only required when the parser is used in multiple threads: it ensures that each thread's polymorphic code only accesses its own parser's error counting variable. it() bf(%token) tt(terminal ...) Defines the names of symbolic terminal tokens. Sequences of tt(%left, %nonassoc, %right) and tt(%token) directives may be used to define the precedence of operators. In expressions, the first used directive defines the tokens having the lowest precedence, the last used defines the tokens having the highest priority. See also tt(%token) below. bf(NOTE:) Symbolic tokens are defined as tt(enum)-values in the parser's base class. The names of symbolic tokens may not be equal to the names of the members and types defined by bic() itself (see the next sections). This requirement is em(not) enforced by bic(), but compilation errors may result if this requirement is violated. it() bf(%token-class) tt(classname) tt(Classname) defines the name of the tt(Tokens) class that is defined when the tt(%token-path) directive or option (see below) is specified. If tt(token-path) isn't specified then this directive is ignored. By default the class name tt(Tokens) is used. it() bf(%token-namespace) tt(namespace) If tt(token-path) is specified (see below) then tt(namespace) defines the namespace of the tt(Tokens) class. By default no namespace is used. it() bf(%token-path) tt(pathname) tt(Pathname) defines the path name of the file to contain the tt(struct Tokens) defining the enumeration tt(Tokens_) containing the symbolic tokens of the generated grammar. If this option is specified the tt(ParserBase) class is derived from it, thus making the tokens available to the generated parser class. The name of the tt(struct Tokens) can be altered using the tt(token-class) directive or option. By default (if tt(token_path) is not specified) the tokens are defined as the tt(enum Tokens_) in the tt(ParserBase) class. If tt(pathname) doesn't exist it is created by bic(). If the file tt(pathname) already exists it is rewritten at each new run of bic(). it() bf(%type) tt( nonterminal ...) In combination with tt(%polymorphic) or tt(%union): associate the semantic value of a nonterminal symbol with a polymorphic semantic value tag or union field defined by these directives. it() bf(%union) tt(union-definition) Acts identically to the identically named bf(bison) and bf(bison++) declaration. Bic() generates a union, named tt(STYPE_), as its semantic type. it() bf(%weak-tags) This directive is ignored unless the tt(%polymorphic) directive was specified. It results in the declaration of tt(enum Tag_) rather than tt(enum class Tag_). When in doubt, don't use this directive. ) manpagesection(POLYMORPHIC SEMANTIC VALUES) label(POLYMORPHIC) Like bf(bison)(1), bic() by default uses tt(int) semantic values, and also supports the tt(%stype) and tt(%union) directives for using single-type or traditional bf(C)-type unions as semantic values. These types of semantic values are covered in bic()'s manual. In addition, the tt(%polymorphic) directive can be specified to generate a parser using `polymorphic' semantic values. In this case semantic values are specified as pairs, consisting of em(tags) (which are bf(C++) identifiers), and bf(C++) (pointer or value) type names. Tags and type names are separated by colons. Multiple tag and type name combinations are separated by semicolons, and an optional semicolon ends the final tag/type pair: type name specifications end at a semicolon or at a percent character (indicating the beginning of the next directive). End of line comment and standard bf(C) comment may also be used, but both are ignored. Here is an example, defining three semantic values: an tt(int), a tt(std::string) and a tt(std::vector): verb( %polymorphic INT: int; STRING: std::string; VECT: std::vector ) The identifier to the left of the colon is called the em(tag-identifier) (or simply em(tag)), and the type name to the right of the colon is called the em(type-name). Starting with bic() version 4.12.00 the types no longer have to provide default constructors. When polymorphic type-names refer to types that have not yet been declared by the parser's base class header, then these types must be (directly or indirectly) declared in a header file whose location is specified using the tt(%baseclass-preinclude) directive. tt(%type) directives are used to associate (non-)terminals with semantic value types. E.g., after: verb( %polymorphic INT: int; TEXT: std::string %type expr ) the tt(expr) nonterminal returns tt(int) semantic values. In a rule like: verb( expr: expr '+' expr { // Action block: C++ statements here. } ) symbols tt($$, $1,) and tt($3) represent tt(int) values, and can be used that way in the bf(C++) action block. bf(Definitions and declarations) The tt(%polymorphic) directive adds the following definitions and declarations to the generated base class header and parser source file (if the tt(%namespace) directive was used then all declared/defined elements are placed inside the namespace that is specified by the tt(%namespace) directive): itemization( it() All semantic value type identifiers are collected in a strongly typed `tt(Tag_)' enumeration. E.g., verb( enum class Tag_ { INT, STRING, VECT }; ) it() An anonymous tt(enum) defining the symbolic constant tt(sizeofTag_) equal to the number of tags in the tt(Tag_) enumeration. it() The namespace tt(Meta_) contains almost all of the code implementing polymorphic values. ) The namespace tt(Meta_) contains, among other classes the class tt(SType). The parser's semantic value type tt(STYPE_) is equal to tt(Meta_::SType). bf(STYPE_ equals Meta_::SType) tt(Meta_::SType) provides the standard user interface for using polymorphic semantic data types. It declares the following public interface: includefile(../manual/grammar/stypeinterface) manpagesection(DOLLAR NOTATIONS) Inside action blocks dollar-notations can be used to retrieve and assign values from/to the elements of production rules. Type directives are used to associates dollar-notations with semantic types. When tt(%stype) is specified (and with the default tt(int) semantic value type) the following dollar-notations are available: includefile(../manual/grammar/stypedollar.yo) When tt(%union) is specified these dollar-notations are available: includefile(../manual/grammar/uniondollar.yo) When tt(%polymorphic) is specified these dollar-notations can be used: includefile(../manual/grammar/polydollar.yo) manpagesection(RESTRICTIONS ON TOKEN NAMES) To avoid collisions with names defined by the parser's (base) class, the following identifiers should not be used as token names: itemization( it() Identifiers ending in an underscore; it() Any of the following identifiers: tt(ABORT, ACCEPT, ERROR, clearin, debug), or tt(setDebug). ) manpagesection(OBSOLETE SYMBOLS) All bf(DECLARATIONS) and bf(DEFINE) symbols not listed above but defined in bf(bison++) are obsolete with bic(). In particular, there is no tt(%header{ ... %}) section anymore. Also, all bf(DEFINE) symbols related to member functions are now obsolete. There is no need for these symbols anymore as they can simply be declared in the class header file and defined elsewhere. manpagesection(USING SYMBOLIC TOKENS IN CLASSES OTHER THAN THE PARSER CLASS) The tokens defined in the grammar files processed by bic() must usually also be available to the lexical scanner, returning those tokens when certain regular expressions are matched. E.g., a tt(NUMBER) token may be used in the grammar and the lexical scanner may be expected to return that token when the input matches the tt([0-9]+) regular expression. To avoid circular dependencies among classes the tokens can be written to a separate file using the tt(token-path) directive or option. The location and name of this file is specified by the tt(token-path) specification, and is generated from scratch at every run of bic(). By default the grammar's symbolic tokens are made available in the class tt(Tokens), and classes may refer to its tokens using the tt(Tokens) class scope (e.g., tt(Tokens::NUMBER)). Before bic() version 6.04.00 tokens were made available by including the file tt(parserbase.h), using a simple tt(#define) suggesting that the tokens were in fact defined by the parser class itself. Using this scheme lexical scanner specifications returned, e.g., tt(Parser::NUMBER) when tt([0-9]+) was matched. Unless the tt(token-path) directive or option is used this approach is still available, but its use is deprecated. manpagesection(EXAMPLE) Using a fairly traditional example, we construct a simple calculator below. The basic operators as well as parentheses can be used to specify expressions, and each expression should be terminated by a newline. The program terminates when a tt(q) is entered. Empty lines result in a mere prompt. First an associated grammar is constructed. When a syntactic error is encountered all tokens are skipped until then next newline and a simple message is printed using the default tt(error) function. It is assumed that no semantic errors occur (in particular, no divisions by zero). The grammar is decorated with actions performed when the corresponding grammatical production rule is recognized. The grammar itself is rather standard and straightforward, but note the first part of the specification file, containing various other directives, among which the tt(%scanner) directive, resulting in a composed tt(d_scanner) object as well as an implementation of the member function tt(int lex), and the tt(%token-path) directive, defining the tt(class Tokens) in he file tt(../scanner/tokens.h). In this example, the tt(Scanner) class is generated by bf(flexc++)(1). The details of constructing a class using tt(flexc++) is beyond the scope of this man-page, but tt(flexc++'s) specification file is shown below. Here is bf(bisonc++)'s input file: verbinclude(calculator/parser/grammar) Bic() processes this file, generating the following files: itemization( it() The parser's base class, which should not be modified by the programmer: verbinclude(calculator/parser/parserbase.h) it() The parser class tt(parser.h) itself. In the grammar specification various member functions are used (e.g., tt(done)) and tt(prompt). These functions are so small that they can very well be implemented inline. Note that tt(done) calls tt(ACCEPT) to terminate further parsing. tt(ACCEPT) and related members (e.g., tt(ABORT)) can be called from any member called by tt(parse). As a consequence, action blocks could contain mere function calls, rather than several statements, thus minimizing the need to rerun bic() when an action is modified. Once bic() has created tt(parser.h) additionally required members can be added to it (bic() itself won't modify tt(parser.h) anymore once it is created), resulting in the following final version: verbinclude(calculator/parser/parser.h) it() The file tt(../tokens/tokens.h) is generated because of the tt(%token-path) directive. To avoid circular dependencies the tokens are made available in a separate file, allowing classes used by the parser to use the grammar's tokens as well. Here is the file specifying the grammar's tokens: verbinclude(calculator/tokens/tokens.h) ) For the program no additional members had to be defined in the class tt(Parser). The member function tt(parse) is defined by bic() in the source file tt(parse.cc), and it includes tt(parser.ih). As tt(cerr) is used in the grammar's actions, a tt(using namespace std) or comparable directive is required. It is specified in tt(parser.ih). Here is the implementation header declaring the standard namespace: verbinclude(calculator/parser/parser.ih) In the current context the member function tt(parse's) implementation is not very relevant (it should not be modified by the programmer anyway). It is not shown here, but is available as tt(calculator/parser/parse.cc) in the distribution's tt(demos/) directory after building the calculator using the there provided tt(build) script. The lexical scanner is generated by bf(flexc++)(1) from the following specification file, using the command tt(flexc++ lexer): verbinclude(calculator/scanner/lexer) Finally, here is the program's tt(main) function: verbinclude(calculator/main.cc) manpagesection(SEE ALSO) DEFINESYMBOL(manalso)(bf(bisonc++)(1), bf(bisonc++api)(3)) includefile(seealso.yo) manpageauthor() Frank B. Brokken (f.b.brokken@rug.nl). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/man/seealso.yo0000664000175000017500000000047514700504612017715 0ustar frankfrank bf(bison)(1), bf(bison++)(1), SYMBOLVALUE(manalso), bf(bison.info) (using texinfo), bf(flexc++)(1), bf(https://fbb-git.gitlab.io/bisoncpp/) Lakos, J. (2001) bf(Large Scale C++ Software Design), Addison Wesley.nl() Aho, A.V., Sethi, R., Ullman, J.D. (1986) bf(Compilers), Addison Wesley. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612016237 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.ORG/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021441 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.ORG/MyCompiler.cc0000664000175000017500000000116014700504612024026 0ustar frankfrank#include "MyParser.h" #define YY_DECL int yyFlexLexer::yylex(YY_MyParser_STYPE *val) #include "FlexLexer.h" #include class MyCompiler : public MyParser { private: yyFlexLexer theScanner; public: virtual int yylex(); virtual void yyerror(char *m); MyCompiler(){;} }; int MyCompiler::yylex() { return theScanner.yylex(&yylval); } void MyCompiler::yyerror(char *m) { fprintf(stderr,"%d: %s at token '%s'\n",yylloc.first_line, m,yylloc.text); } int main(int argc,char **argv) { MyCompiler aCompiler; int result=aCompiler.yyparse(); printf("Resultat Parsing=%s\n",result?"Erreur":"OK"); return 0; }; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.ORG/test.txt0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612030313 2../bison++Example.NEW/test.txtustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.ORG/MyParser.y0000664000175000017500000000216514700504612023401 0ustar frankfrank%{ #define YY_MyParser_STYPE yy_MyParser_stype %} %name MyParser %define LSP_NEEDED %define ERROR_BODY =0 %define LEX_BODY =0 %header{ #include #include using namespace std; #define YY_DECL int yyFlexLexer::yylex(YY_MyParser_STYPE *val) #ifndef FLEXFIX #define FLEXFIX YY_MyParser_STYPE *val #define FLEXFIX2 val #endif %} %union { int num; bool statement; } %token PLUS INTEGER MINUS AND OR NOT LPARA RPARA %token BOOLEAN %type exp result %type bexp %start result %left OR %left AND %left PLUS MINUS %left NOT %left LPARA RPARA %% result : exp {cout << "Result = " << $1 << endl;} | bexp {cout << "Result = " << $1 << endl;} exp : exp PLUS exp {$$ = $1 + $3;} | INTEGER {$$ = $1;} | MINUS exp { $$ = -$2;} | exp MINUS exp {$$ = $1 - $3;} bexp : BOOLEAN {$$ = $1;} | bexp AND bexp { $$ = $1 && $3;} | bexp OR bexp { $$ = $1 || $3;} | NOT bexp {$$ = !$2;} | LPARA bexp RPARA {$$ = $2} %% /* -------------- body section -------------- */ // feel free to add your own C/C++ code here bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.ORG/Makefile0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612030153 2../bison++Example.NEW/Makefileustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.ORG/MyScanner.l0000664000175000017500000000136414700504612023521 0ustar frankfrank%{ #ifndef FLEXFIX #define FLEXFIX YY_MyParser_STYPE *val #define FLEXFIX2 val #endif #include "MyParser.h" // Make sure the flexer can communicate with bison++ //using return values %} digit [0-9] integer [1-9]{digit}* ws [ \t\n]+ %% {ws} { /* no action */ } {integer} { val->num = atoi(yytext); return MyParser::INTEGER; } "AND" {return(MyParser::AND);} "OR" {return(MyParser::OR);} "NOT" {return(MyParser::NOT);} "TRUE" {val->statement=true; return MyParser::BOOLEAN; } "FALSE" {val->statement=false; return MyParser::BOOLEAN; } "-" {return(MyParser::MINUS);} "+" {return(MyParser::PLUS);} "(" {return(MyParser::LPARA);} ")" {return(MyParser::RPARA);} <> { yyterminate();} %% int yywrap() { return(1); }bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.ORG/test2.txt0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612030457 2../bison++Example.NEW/test2.txtustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.ORG/FlexLexer.h0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612031171 2../bison++Example.NEW/FlexLexer.hustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/README0000664000175000017500000000201114700504612017111 0ustar frankfrankMost examples available before version 1.00 are now in the ../regression directory, where they are most easily used by runnning the `run' script. This directory is kept for historical reasons only. bison++Example.NEW: The original example provided by Alain Coetmeur. compile by running `make' The program can be run by having it read test.txt or test2.txt from its stdin. It has no other purpose (as far as I can see). bison++Example.ORG/ The original (unmodified) example provided by Alain Coetmeur. Included as a collector's item only. Doesn't work as-is. input: removed. The example serves no additional purpose. calcgen: removed. The example serves no additional purpose. annotations: moved to `regression' calculator: moved to `regression', also available in `man/calculator' conflict: moved to `regression' error: moved to `regression' location: moved to `regression' simpledemo: moved to `regression' as the example `simplecalc' bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.NEW/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021443 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.NEW/MyScanner.h0000664000175000017500000000042214700504612023511 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_MYSCANNER_H_ #define _INCLUDED_MYSCANNER_H_ #if ! defined(_SKIP_YYFLEXLEXER_) && ! defined(_SYSINC_FLEXLEXER_H_) #include #define _SYSINC_FLEXLEXER_H_ #endif class MyScanner: public yyFlexLexer { public: int yylex(); }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.NEW/MyCompiler.cc0000664000175000017500000000033514700504612024033 0ustar frankfrank#include "MyParser.h" #include int main(int argc,char **argv) { MyParser aCompiler; int result = aCompiler.parse(); printf("Parsing result = %s\n", result ? "Error" : "OK"); return 0; }; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.NEW/test.txt0000664000175000017500000000001014700504612023152 0ustar frankfrank1+2+3+4 bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.NEW/MyParser.y0000664000175000017500000000161214700504612023377 0ustar frankfrank%class-name MyParser %scanner MyScanner.h %lsp-needed %lines %union { int num; bool statement; } %token INTEGER %token BOOLEAN %type exp result integer %type bexp boolean %start result %left OR %left AND %left PLUS MINUS %left NOT %left LPARA RPARA %% result: exp {cout << "Result = " << $1 << endl;} | bexp {cout << "Result = " << $1 << endl;} exp : exp PLUS exp {$$ = $1 + $3;} | integer {$$ = $1;} | MINUS exp { $$ = -$2;} | exp MINUS exp {$$ = $1 - $3;} bexp : boolean {$$ = $1;} | bexp AND bexp { $$ = $1 && $3;} | bexp OR bexp { $$ = $1 || $3;} | NOT bexp {$$ = !$2;} | LPARA bexp RPARA {$$ = $2;} integer: INTEGER { $$ = atoi(d_scanner.YYText()); } boolean: BOOLEAN { $$ = string("TRUE") == d_scanner.YYText(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.NEW/MyParser.h0000664000175000017500000000142714700504612023362 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef MyParser_h_included #define MyParser_h_included // for error()'s inline implementation #include // $insert baseclass #include "MyParserbase.h" // $insert scanner.h #include "MyScanner.h" #undef MyParser class MyParser: public MyParserBase { // $insert scannerobject MyScanner d_scanner; public: int parse(); private: void error(char const *msg) { std::cerr << msg << '\n'; } // $insert lex int lex() { return d_scanner.yylex(); } void print() // d_token, d_loc {} // support functions for parse(): void executeAction(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery(); int lookup(); void nextToken(); }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.NEW/Makefile0000664000175000017500000000113314700504612023101 0ustar frankfrank .SUFFIXES : .cc .y .l $(SUFFIXES) .cc.o : g++ -g -I . -I$(CENTERCCLIBDIR)/incl -c $*.cc .y.cc : bison++ -d -o $*.cc -h $*.h $*.y .l.cc : flex++ -o$*.cc $*.l .y.h : bison++ -d -o $*.cc -h $*.h $*.y .l.h : flex++ -o$*.cc $*.l # COMPILER SAMPLE MyCompiler.o : MyCompiler.cc MyParser.h MyScanner.h MyParser.o : MyParser.cc MyParser.h MyScanner.o : MyScanner.cc MyScanner.h MyParser.h MyParser.cc : MyParser.y MyScanner.cc : MyScanner.l MyParser.h : MyParser.y MyScanner.h : MyScanner.l compiler : MyCompiler.o MyParser.o MyScanner.o g++ -o $@ MyCompiler.o MyParser.o MyScanner.o bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.NEW/README0000664000175000017500000000151314700504612022323 0ustar frankfrankThis is the same example as given in ../bison++Example.ORG, but this time it's adapted to bisonc++ In the original example there's a `FLEXFIX' allowing the lexer access to the semantic value defined in the parser. I don't think the scanner should be required to know about what the parser does. What if we really would like to let the scanner communicate its value to the parser ? Then derive a class from yyFlexLexer, and let that object's constructor know about the Parser's lval datamember, by defining a constructor that is informed about that data member (e.g., by passing &d_lval in its constructor) In the example I've modified the lexical scanner's setup and I modified the grammar's actions slightly so that now the parser handles the lexer's text, rather than the lexer assuming that the parser will do something with its text. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.NEW/make0000775000175000017500000000026214700504612022306 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash if [ "$1" == "clean" ] ; then rm -f parse.cc MyParserbase.h a.out else bisonc++ -V MyParser.y || exit 1 flex -o MyScanner.cc MyScanner.l g++ -Wall *.cc fi bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.NEW/MyScanner.l0000664000175000017500000000130114700504612023512 0ustar frankfrank%{ // see README for modifications I made to the scanner and grammar. #define _SKIP_YYFLEXLEXER_ #include "MyScanner.h" #include "MyParserbase.h" %} %option yyclass="MyScanner" outfile="MyScanner.cc" %option c++ 8bit warn noyywrap yylineno digit [0-9] integer [1-9]{digit}* ws [ \t\n]+ %% {ws} { /* no action */ } {integer} {return MyParser::INTEGER; } "AND" {return(MyParser::AND);} "OR" {return(MyParser::OR);} "NOT" {return(MyParser::NOT);} "TRUE" {return MyParser::BOOLEAN; } "FALSE" {return MyParser::BOOLEAN; } "-" {return(MyParser::MINUS);} "+" {return(MyParser::PLUS);} "(" {return(MyParser::LPARA);} ")" {return(MyParser::RPARA);} bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.NEW/test2.txt0000664000175000017500000000003114700504612023237 0ustar frankfrank(TRUE OR FALSE) AND FALSEbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.NEW/MyParser.ih0000664000175000017500000000056414700504612023534 0ustar frankfrank // Include this file in the sources of the class MyParser. // $insert class.h #include "MyParser.h" // Add below here any includes etc. that are only // required for the compilation of MyParser's sources. // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // symbols from the namespace std without specifying std:: using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/bison++Example.NEW/FlexLexer.h0000664000175000017500000001313114700504612023511 0ustar frankfrank// $Header$ // FlexLexer.h -- define interfaces for lexical analyzer classes generated // by flex // Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California. // All rights reserved. // // This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by // Kent Williams and Tom Epperly. // // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without // modification are permitted provided that: (1) source distributions retain // this entire copyright notice and comment, and (2) distributions including // binaries display the following acknowledgement: ``This product includes // software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its // contributors'' in the documentation or other materials provided with the // distribution and in all advertising materials mentioning features or use // of this software. Neither the name of the University nor the names of // its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from // this software without specific prior written permission. // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED // WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF // MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. // This file defines FlexLexer, an abstract class which specifies the // external interface provided to flex C++ lexer objects, and yyFlexLexer, // which defines a particular lexer class. // // If you want to create multiple lexer classes, you use the -P flag // to rename each yyFlexLexer to some other xxFlexLexer. You then // include in your other sources once per lexer class: // // #undef yyFlexLexer // #define yyFlexLexer xxFlexLexer // #include // // #undef yyFlexLexer // #define yyFlexLexer zzFlexLexer // #include // ... #ifndef _FLEX_LEXER_H // Never included before - need to define base class. #define _FLEX_LEXER_H #include #include "MyParser.h" extern "C++" { struct yy_buffer_state; typedef int yy_state_type; class FlexLexer { public: virtual ~FlexLexer() { } const char* YYText() { return yytext; } int YYLeng() { return yyleng; } virtual void yy_switch_to_buffer( struct yy_buffer_state* new_buffer ) = 0; virtual struct yy_buffer_state* yy_create_buffer( istream* s, int size ) = 0; virtual void yy_delete_buffer( struct yy_buffer_state* b ) = 0; virtual void yyrestart( istream* s ) = 0; virtual int yylex(FLEXFIX) = 0; // Call yylex with new input/output sources. int yylex(FLEXFIX, istream* new_in, ostream* new_out = 0 ) { switch_streams( new_in, new_out ); return yylex(FLEXFIX2); } // Switch to new input/output streams. A nil stream pointer // indicates "keep the current one". virtual void switch_streams( istream* new_in = 0, ostream* new_out = 0 ) = 0; int lineno() const { return yylineno; } int debug() const { return yy_flex_debug; } void set_debug( int flag ) { yy_flex_debug = flag; } protected: char* yytext; int yyleng; int yylineno; // only maintained if you use %option yylineno int yy_flex_debug; // only has effect with -d or "%option debug" }; } #endif #if defined(yyFlexLexer) || ! defined(yyFlexLexerOnce) // Either this is the first time through (yyFlexLexerOnce not defined), // or this is a repeated include to define a different flavor of // yyFlexLexer, as discussed in the flex man page. #define yyFlexLexerOnce class yyFlexLexer : public FlexLexer { public: // arg_yyin and arg_yyout default to the cin and cout, but we // only make that assignment when initializing in yylex(). yyFlexLexer( istream* arg_yyin = 0, ostream* arg_yyout = 0 ); virtual ~yyFlexLexer(); void yy_switch_to_buffer( struct yy_buffer_state* new_buffer ); struct yy_buffer_state* yy_create_buffer( istream* s, int size ); void yy_delete_buffer( struct yy_buffer_state* b ); void yyrestart( istream* s ); virtual int yylex(FLEXFIX); virtual void switch_streams( istream* new_in, ostream* new_out ); protected: virtual int LexerInput( char* buf, int max_size ); virtual void LexerOutput( const char* buf, int size ); virtual void LexerError( const char* msg ); void yyunput( int c, char* buf_ptr ); int yyinput(); void yy_load_buffer_state(); void yy_init_buffer( struct yy_buffer_state* b, istream* s ); void yy_flush_buffer( struct yy_buffer_state* b ); int yy_start_stack_ptr; int yy_start_stack_depth; int* yy_start_stack; void yy_push_state( int new_state ); void yy_pop_state(); int yy_top_state(); yy_state_type yy_get_previous_state(); yy_state_type yy_try_NUL_trans( yy_state_type current_state ); int yy_get_next_buffer(); istream* yyin; // input source for default LexerInput ostream* yyout; // output sink for default LexerOutput struct yy_buffer_state* yy_current_buffer; // yy_hold_char holds the character lost when yytext is formed. char yy_hold_char; // Number of characters read into yy_ch_buf. int yy_n_chars; // Points to current character in buffer. char* yy_c_buf_p; int yy_init; // whether we need to initialize int yy_start; // start state number // Flag which is used to allow yywrap()'s to do buffer switches // instead of setting up a fresh yyin. A bit of a hack ... int yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof; // The following are not always needed, but may be depending // on use of certain flex features (like REJECT or yymore()). yy_state_type yy_last_accepting_state; char* yy_last_accepting_cpos; yy_state_type* yy_state_buf; yy_state_type* yy_state_ptr; char* yy_full_match; int* yy_full_state; int yy_full_lp; int yy_lp; int yy_looking_for_trail_begin; int yy_more_flag; int yy_more_len; int yy_more_offset; int yy_prev_more_offset; }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/demos/manual0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612022154 2../manual/demosustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/usage/0000775000175000017500000000000014762311222016235 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/usage/usage.cc0000664000175000017500000000036414700504612017652 0ustar frankfrank#include #include using namespace std; #include "../../VERSION" char version[] = VERSION; char year[] = YEARS; #define _INCLUDED_BISONCPP_H_ #include "../../usage.cc" int main() { usage("bisonc++"); return 0; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/0000775000175000017500000000000014771311301016404 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar.yo0000664000175000017500000001702414771311301020407 0ustar frankfrankincludefile(grammar/intro.yo) lsect(OUTLINE)(Outline of a Bisonc++ Grammar File) includefile(grammar/outline.yo) lsect(SYMBOLS)(Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal Symbols) includefile(grammar/symbols.yo) lsect(RULES)(Syntax of Grammar Rules) includefile(grammar/syntax.yo) lsect(RECURSIVE)(Writing recursive rules) includefile(grammar/recursive.yo) lsect(DIRECTIVES)(Bisonc++ Directives) includefile(directives/intro.yo) subsect(%baseclass-preinclude: specifying a header included by the baseclass) includefile(directives/preinclude.yo) lsubsect(PARSERCLASS) (%class-name: defining the name of the parser class) includefile(directives/parserclass.yo) subsect(%debug: adding debugging code to the `parse()' member) includefile(directives/debug.yo) lsubsect(DEFAULTACTION) (%default-actions: adding `$$ = $1' action blocks to production rules) includefile(directives/defaultactions.yo) subsect(%error-verbose: dumping the parser's state stack) includefile(directives/errorverbose.yo) lsubsect(EXPECT)(%expect: suppressing conflict warnings) includefile(directives/expect.yo) subsect(%flex: using the traditional `flex++' interface) includefile(directives/flex.yo) lsubsect(INCLUDE)(%include: splitting the input file) includefile(directives/include.yo) lsubsect(PRECEDENCE)(%left, %right, %nonassoc: defining operator precedence) includefile(directives/precedence.yo) lsubsect(LOCSTRUCT) (%locationstruct: specifying a dedicated location struct) includefile(directives/locstruct.yo) lsubsect(LSPNEEDED)(%lsp-needed: using the default location type) includefile(directives/lneeded.yo) lsubsect(LTYPE)(%ltype: using an existing location type) includefile(directives/ltype.yo) subsect(%namespace: using a namespace) includefile(directives/namespace.yo) subsect(%negative-dollar-indices: using constructions like $-1) includefile(directives/negative.yo) subsect(%no-lines: suppressing `#line' directives) includefile(directives/lines.yo) subsect(%polymorphic: using polymorphism to define multiple semantic values) includefile(directives/polymorphic.yo) subsect(%prec: overruling default precedences) includefile(directives/prec.yo) subsect(%print-tokens: displaying tokens and matched text) includefile(directives/print.yo) subsect(%prompt: show prompts when using debug) includefile(directives/prompt.yo) subsect(%required-tokens: defining the minimum number of tokens between error reports) includefile(directives/required.yo) lsubsect(SCANNER)(%scanner: using a standard scanner interface) includefile(directives/scanner.yo) subsect(%scanner-matched-text-function: define the name of the scanner's member returning the matched texttoken) includefile(directives/scannermatchedtextfunction.yo) subsect(%scanner-token-function: define the name of the scanner's token function) includefile(directives/scannertokenfunction.yo) subsect(%stack-expansion: the number of elements added to the semantic value stack) includefile(directives/stackexpansion.yo) subsect(%start: defining the start rule) includefile(directives/start.yo) lsubsect(STYPE)(%stype: defining a single semantic value type) includefile(directives/stype.yo) subsect(%tag-mismatches: check for tag-mismatches with polymorphic semantic values) includefile(directives/tagmismatches.yo) subsect(%thread-safe: use thread-local data with polymorphic semantic values) includefile(directives/threadsafe.yo) lsubsect(TOKTYPENAMES)(%token: defining token names) includefile(directives/tokens.yo) lsubsubsect(IMPROPER)(Improper token names) includefile(directives/improper.yo) subsect(%token-class: defining the class name containing the semantic tokens) includefile(directives/tokenclass.yo) subsect(%token-namespace: defining the namespce of the Tokens class) includefile(directives/tokennamespace.yo) lsubsect(TYPE)(%type: associating semantic values with (non)terminals) includefile(directives/nonterms.yo) lsubsect(UNION)(%union: using a 'union' to define multiple semantic values) includefile(directives/union.yo) subsect(%weak-tags: %polymorphic declaring 'enum Tag_') includefile(directives/weaktags.yo) subsect(Directives controlling the names of generated files) includefile(directives/output.yo) lsubsubsect(BCHEADER) (%baseclass-header: defining the parser's base class header) includefile(directives/baseclass.yo) lsubsubsect(CHEADER) (%class-header: defining the parser's class header) includefile(directives/classhdr.yo) lsubsubsect(FILES) (%filenames: specifying a generic filename) includefile(directives/filenames.yo) lsubsubsect(IHEADER) (%implementation-header: defining the implementation header) includefile(directives/imphdr.yo) lsubsubsect(PARSESOURCE) (%parsefun-source: defining the parse() function's sourcefile) includefile(directives/parse.yo) subsubsect(%target-directory: defining the directory where files must be written) includefile(directives/targetdir.yo) lsubsubsect(TOKENPATH) (%token-path: defining the path of the file containing the Tokens_ enumeration) includefile(directives/tokenpath.yo) lsect(SEMANTICS)(The Meaning Of Things: Semantics) includefile(grammar/semantics.yo) lsubsect(POLYMORPHIC)(Polymorphism and Multiple Semantic Values: `%polymorphic') includefile(grammar/polymorphic.yo) subsubsect(The %polymorphic directive) includefile(grammar/polymorphicdirective.yo) subsubsect(Code generated by %polymorphic) includefile(grammar/code.yo) subsubsect(A parser using a polymorphic semantic value type) includefile(grammar/parser.yo) subsubsect(A scanner using a polymorphic semantic value type) includefile(grammar/scanner.yo) lsubsect(ACTIONS)(Actions and shorthand ($) notations) includefile(grammar/actions.yo) subsubsect(%stype shorthand notations) includefile(grammar/stypeshorthand.yo) subsubsect(%union shorthand notations) includefile(grammar/unionshorthand.yo) subsubsect(%polymorphic shorthand notations) includefile(grammar/polymorphicshorthand.yo) COMMENT( lsubsubsect(POLYTYPE) (The %polymorphic and %type: associating semantic values with (non-)terminals) includefile(grammar/polymorphictype.yo) END) lsubsubsect(MIDACTIONS)(Mid-Rule Action Blocks) includefile(grammar/midrule.yo) sect(Basic Grammatical Constructions) includefile(grammar/gramcons.yo) subsect(Plain Alternatives) includefile(grammar/alternatives.yo) subsect(One Or More Alternatives, No Separators) includefile(grammar/series.yo) lsubsect(OPTSERIES)(Zero Or More Alternatives, No Separators) includefile(grammar/optseries.yo) subsect(One Or More Alternatives, Using Separators) includefile(grammar/delimseries.yo) subsect(Zero Or More Alternatives, Using Separators) includefile(grammar/optdelim.yo) subsect(Nested Blocks) includefile(grammar/nested.yo) sect(Multiple Parsers in the Same Program) includefile(grammar/multiple.yo) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/bisonc++.yo0000664000175000017500000000315114700504612020361 0ustar frankfrankNOUSERMACRO(LALR LR parse lex error main name setLoc setDebug clearin debug throw print ParserBase ACCEPT ABORT setVal setSval yylex productions exceptionHandler) DEFINEMACRO(b)(0)(bf(bisonc++)) DEFINEMACRO(B)(0)(bf(Bisonc++)) includefile(preamble) includefile(../../release.yo) htmlbodyopt(text)(#27408B) htmlbodyopt(bgcolor)(#FFFAF0) mailto(Frank B. Brokken: MYEMAIL) COMMENT(includefile(abstract)) htmlstyle(#title,#author,#date)(text-align: center) affiliation(center(url(University of Groningen)(http://www.rug.nl/))) report(Bisonc++ (Version _CurVers_) User Guide) (url(Frank B. Brokken)(mailto:f.b.brokken@rug.nl)) (_CurYrs_) COMMENT( IFDEF(html)( affiliation(center(AFFILIATION)) report(center(B() (Version _CurVers_) User Guide)) (center(Frank B. Brokken)) (center(_CurYrs_)) )( affiliation(AFFILIATION) report(B() (Version _CurVers_) User Guide) (Frank B. Brokken) (_CurYrs_) ) END) chapter(Introduction) includefile(introduction.yo) sect(What's new in version _CurVers_) includefile(whatsnew.yo) chapter(Conditions for Using Bisonc++) includefile(conditions.yo) chapter(Bisonc++ concepts) includefile(concepts.yo) lchapter(GRAMMARFILES)(Bisonc++ grammar files) includefile(grammar.yo) lchapter(INTERFACE)(The Generated Parser Class' Members) includefile(class.yo) chapter(Examples) includefile(examples.yo) lchapter(ALGORITHM)(About Analyzing LALR(1) Grammars) includefile(algorithm.yo) lchapter(RECOVERY)(Error Recovery) includefile(error.yo) lchapter(INVOKING)(Invoking Bisonc++) includefile(invoking.yo) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/class.yo0000664000175000017500000000107414700504612020065 0ustar frankfrankincludefile(class/intro.yo) sect(Public Symbols) includefile(class/public.yo) sect(Protected Enumerations and Types) includefile(class/privenum.yo) lsect(PRIVMEM)(Non-public Member Functions) includefile(class/privmembers.yo) lsubsect(LEX)(`lex()': Interfacing the Lexical Analyzer) includefile(class/lex.yo) lsect(PRIVDATA)(Protected Data Members) includefile(class/privdata.yo) sect(Types and Variables in the Anonymous Namespace) includefile(class/anonymous.yo) lsect(SPECIAL)(Summary of Special Constructions for Actions) includefile(class/features.yo) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/concepts/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020223 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/concepts/actions.yo0000664000175000017500000000265714700504612022246 0ustar frankfrankA program usually must do more than just parse its input; it must also produce some output based on the input. In a b() grammar, a grammar rule can have an action consisting of bf(C++) statements. Each time the parser recognizes a match for that rule, its associated action is executed. See section ref(ACTIONS). The purpose of an action usually is to compute the semantic value of the whole construct from the semantic values of its parts. For example, suppose we have a rule stating that an expression can be the sum of two expressions. Once the parser has recognized the rule's parts, each of its subexpressions has a semantic value of its own. The action for this rule could consist of a bf(C++) expression computing the rule's semantic value from its subexpressions. Actions usually compute semantic values and refer to semantic values of elements of production rules. This happens so frequently that several shorthand notations can be used to simplify referring to semantic values. These shorthand notations are covered extensively in section ref(ACTIONS) and its sub-sections. For example, here is a rule stating that an expression can be the sum of two subexpressions: verb( expr: expr '+' expr { $$ = $1 + $3; } ; ) The action defines how the semantic value of the rule (using shorthand tt($$)) is computed from the values of the two sub-expressions (shorthands tt($1) and tt($3)). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/concepts/stages.yo0000664000175000017500000000361514700504612022067 0ustar frankfrankThe design process when using b(), from grammar specification to a working compiler or interpreter, consists of the following steps: itemization( it() First a grammar is apecified in a form recognized by b() (see chapter ref(GRAMMARFILES)). For each grammatical rule in the language, an action can be defined that is performed when a production rule has completely been recognized. The action is described using bf(C++) statements. it() Run b() on the grammar, producing the parser class and several of its member functions (among which the parsing member function `tt(parse)'). it() Design a lexical scanner to process input, passing tokens to the parser. The lexical scanner may be written by hand (see section ref(LEX)), but it can also be produced by, e.g., bf(flex)(1) (using bf(flex)(1) is not covered in this manual). it() All the parser's members (except for the member tt(parse()) and its support functions) 1must be implemented by the programmer. Commonly additional member functions are also be declared in the parser class' header. At the very least the member tt(int lex()), calling the lexecal scanner to produce the next available token, em(must) be implemented (although a standardized implementation can optionallu be generated by b()). The member tt(lex) is called by tt(parse's) support functions to obtain the next available token. The member function tt(void error(char const *msg)) may also be re-implemented by the programmer (a simple in-line implementation is provided by default). The member function tt(error) is called when tt(parse) encounters (syntactic) errors. it() The parser can now be used in a program. A simple example would be: verb( int main() { Parser parser; return parser.parse(); } ) ) Once the program's source files are available, they must be compiled and linked togrether, producing the final program. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/concepts/reentrant.yo0000664000175000017500000000172114700504612022577 0ustar frankfrankA computer program or routine is called `reentrant' if it can safely recursively and concurrently be called from multiple processes. To be reentrant, a function must modify no static data, must not return a pointer to static data, must work only on the data provided to it by the caller, and must not call non-reentrant functions (Source: lurl(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reentrant)). Currently, b()'s parsing member function tt(parse) may or may not be reentrant, depending on whether or not the option link(--thread-safe)(OPTIONS) is specified. The source file generated by b() containing the parsing member function not only contains this function, but also various tables (e.g., state transition tables) defined in the anonymous namespace. When the option tt(--thread-safe) is provided, these tables are tt(const) tables: their elements are not changed by the parsing function and so the parsing function, as it only manipulates its own local data, becomes reentrant. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/concepts/languages.yo0000664000175000017500000001173614700504612022552 0ustar frankfrankB() can generate parsers for languages that are em(context-free). This means that you define one or more em(constructs), commonly called em(nonterminal symbols), and define em(rules) by which they are recognized (or defined). For example, bf(C++) defines an `tt(expression)' nonterminal. One rule defining an expression might be, quote( "An expression consists of a minus sign and another expression". ) Another rule could be quote( "An expression can be an integer". ) Rules often are recursive, but there must be at least one rule ending the recursion. A commonly used formal system for describing such rules is the em(Backus-Naur Form) or `BNF', which was developed for specifying the language Algol 60. Any grammar expressed in BNF is a context-free grammar. The input to b() is essentially machine-readable BNF. Not all context-free languages can be handled by b(), only those that are LALR(1). In brief, this means that it must be possible to tell how to parse input while `looking ahead' to just a single token. Strictly speaking, that is a description of an LR(1) grammar, and LALR(1) involves some additional restrictions which are not further elaborated in the current context; but it in real life almost all LR(1) grammars are also LALR(1) grammars. See section ref(MYSTERIOUS) for more information on this. In the formal rules defining a language's grammar, the grammar's constructs are called nonterminals. Some symbols are not further defined, but are directly made available when matching the input to a series of regular expressions. Matching the input to regular expressions is not the task of a parser, but of a em(lexical scanner) (e.g., bf(flexc++)(1)). Lexical scanners provide the parser with symbols, called em(tokens) or em(terminal symbols), which are taken for granted by the parser. Terminal and nonterminal symbols are used to define the rules of grammars. We can use examples from bf(C++) to illustrate terminal and nonterminal symbols. bf(C++)'s terminal symbols are identifiers, constants (numeric and string), various keywords, arithmetic operators, and other simple character tokens. So the terminal symbols of a grammar for bf(C++) can thus be `IDENTIFIER', `NUMBER', `STRING', as wel as tokens for keywords (e.g., tt(FOR, SWITCH), operators (tt('+', BIT_OR)), and character tokens like tt(';', ':', '(', ')') ). Here is a simple bf(C++) function subdivided into tokens: verb( int square(int x) // INT IDENTIFIER '(' INT IDENTIFIER ')' { // '{' return x * x; // RETURN IDENTIFIER '*' IDENTIFIER ';' } // '}' ) bf(C++) rules include expression rules, statement rules, rules defining declarations, and rules defining functions. These are defined in bf(C++)'s grammar as nonterminal symbols `expression', `statement', `declaration' and `function_definition'. The above example shows a function definition as well as the sequence of tokens (starting from tt(INT), ending at tt('}')), received by the parser when that definition shows up in its input. Each nonterminal symbol must be defined by at least one so-called em(production rule), defining the sequence of symbols that must have been observed before it can be decided that the nonterminal symbol has been encountered. For example, one kind of bf(C++) statement is the return statement; it could be described by the following informal rule: quote( A `statement' can be made of a `return' keyword, an `expression' and a `semicolon'. ) Formally, such a rule is written like this: verb( statement: RETURN expression ';' ; ) and in general grammar rules have the following form: verb( nonterminal: production(s) ; ) where em(nonterminal) is the nonterminal symbol defined by the rule and em(productions(s)) are one or more sequences of terminal and nonterminal symbols that define how tt(nonterminal) can be recognized. Concentrating on a single production rule, the rule's nonterminal is called the rule's left-hand side (LHS), the production rule itself is called the rule's right-hand side (RHS). In the tt(statement) example the LHS equals tt(statement), the RHS equals tt(RETURN expression ';'). The RHS consists of three elements, numbered, respectively, 1 through 3. One nonterminal symbol is special in that it defines a syntactically correct specification of the defined language. It is called the em(start symbol). In a compiler this means a complete input program. In bf(C++), a nonterminal symbol `optional-sequence-of-definitions-and-declarations' could be used for this. The parser generated by b() reads a sequence of tokens, and combines the tokens using the rules of the specified grammar. If the input is valid, the end result is that the entire token sequence reduces to the start symbol nonterminal. If we use bf(C++)'s grammar, then the entire input must reducible to `optional-sequence-of-definitions-and-declarations'. If not, the parser reports a syntax error. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/concepts/intro.yo0000664000175000017500000000033714700504612021732 0ustar frankfrankThis chapter introduces many of the basic concepts without which the details of b() do not make sense. If you do not already know how to use b(), bison++ or bison, it is advised to start by reading this chapter carefully. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/concepts/formal.yo0000664000175000017500000000323314700504612022055 0ustar frankfrankA formal grammar is a mathematical construct. To define the language for B(), you must write a file expressing the grammar in b() syntax: a em(B() grammar file). See chapter ref(GRAMMARFILES). A nonterminal symbol in the formal grammar is represented in b() input as an identifier, like an identifier in bf(C++). By convention, it should be in lower case, such as tt(expr), tt(stmt) or tt(declaration). The b() representation for a terminal symbol is also called a token type. Token types as well can be represented as bf(C++)-like identifiers. By convention, these identifiers should be upper case to distinguish them from nonterminals: for example, tt(INTEGER), tt(IDENTIFIER), tt(IF) or tt(RETURN). A terminal symbol that stands for a particular keyword in the language should be named after that keyword converted to upper case. The terminal symbol tt(error) is reserved for error recovery. See section ref(SYMBOLS), which also describes the current restrictions on the names of terminal symbols. A terminal symbol can also be represented as a character literal, just like a bf(C++) character constant. You should do this whenever a token is just a single character (parenthesis, plus-sign, etc.): use that same character in a literal as the terminal symbol for that token. The grammar rules also have an expression in b() syntax. For example, here is the b() rule for a bf(C++) return statement. The semicolon in quotes is a literal character token, representing part of the bf(C++) syntax for the statement; the naked semicolon, and the colon, are b() punctuation used in every rule. verb( stmt: RETURN expr ';' ; ) See section ref(RULES). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/concepts/output.yo0000664000175000017500000000651214700504612022140 0ustar frankfrankWhen b() is run, it processes a grammar file. If the grammar is error-free b() produces a bf(C++) em(class), in which several em(members) have already been defined. Therefore, b()'s em(output) consists of em(header files) and a bf(C++) source file, defining a member (tt(parse)) that parses the language described by the grammar. The class and its implementation is called a b() em(parser class). Keep in mind that the b() utility and the produced parser classes are distinct pieces of software: the b() utility is a program whose output is the b() parser class that is used by your program. More specifically, b() generates the following files from a b() grammar file: itemization( it() A em(baseclass header), which can be included by em(lexical scanners) (see below), primarily defining the em(lexical tokens) that the parser expects the lexical scanner to return; it() A em(class header), defining the b() parser class interface; it() An em(implementation header), which is used to declare all entities which are em(only) used by b()'s parser class em(implementation) (and not required by the remaining parts of your program); it() The em(parsing member), actually performing the parsing of a provided input according to the rules of the defined b() grammar (that you, as b()'s user, defined). ) The task of b()'s tt(parse) member is to group tokens according to rules defined in the grammar -- for example, to combine identifiers and operators into expressions. As it does this, it executes the actions of the grammar rules it has recognized. The tokens processed by the parser produced by b() are made available by an object called the em(lexical analyzer) or em(lexical scanner). The scanner is not produced by b(), but must somehow be supplied (e.g., by writing it yourself). The tt(parse) member requests the next token from the lexical analyzer whenever it needs another token. The parser itself doesn't know the semantic values of the received tokens. Typically the lexical scanner produces tokens by parsing the characters of the program's input text. This, however, is not something that b() concerns itself with. See also section ref(LEX). B()'s parsing function is a member function named tt(parse). This parsing function nor the parser object for which it is called defines a complete bf(C++) program: you must supply some additional details. One `detail' to be supplied is is the lexical analyzer. The parser class itself declares several additional members which can easily be redefined to fit your needs. One of these additional members is the error-reporting function called by tt(parse) to report errors. By default b() provides simple, but sensible, implementations for such members. Having constructed a parser class and a lexical scanner class, em(objects) of those classes must be defined in a complete bf(C++) program. Usually such objects are defined in tt(main); you have to provide this function, and arrange for it to call the parser's tt(parse) function, lest the parser never run. See chapter ref(INTERFACE). Note that, different from conventions used by Bison and Bison++, b() does not impose a particular name convention. In particular, there is em(no) need to begin all variable and function names used in the b() parser with `yy' or `YY'. However, some name restrictions on symbolic tokens exist. See section ref(IMPROPER) for details. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/concepts/layout.yo0000664000175000017500000000305214700504612022111 0ustar frankfrankB() processes a file containing a grammar definition. Different from Bison++ and Bison grammar files, b()'s grammar file consists of only two sections. The general form of a b() grammar file is as follows: verb( Bisonc++ directives %% Grammar rules ) Readers familiar with Bison may note that there is no em(C declaration section) and no section to define em(Additional C code). With b() these sections are superfluous since, due to the fact that a b() parser is a class, all additionally required code can be incorporated into the parser class itself. Also, bf(C++) classes normally only require declarations that can be provided in the classes' header files, so also the `additional C code' section was omitted from the grammar file. The `%%' is a punctuation that appears in every b() grammar file to separate the two sections. The b() directives section contains all necessary directive specifications, like directives declaring the names of the terminal and nonterminal symbols, and directives describing operator precedence, and the data types of semantic values of various symbols. The file's second section (grammar rules) is used to define how to construct each nonterminal symbol from its parts. One special directive is availble that may be used in both the directives section and in the grammar rules section. This directive is tt(%include), allowing you to split long grammar specifications into smaller, more comprehensible and accessible chunks. The tt(%include) directive is discussed in more detail in section ref(INCLUDE). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/concepts/semantic.yo0000664000175000017500000000362314700504612022403 0ustar frankfrankA formal grammar selects tokens only by their classifications: for example, if a rule mentions the terminal symbol `integer constant', it means that em(any) integer constant is grammatically valid in that position. The precise value of the constant is irrelevant when input is being parsed: if `tt(x + 4)' is grammatically correct then `tt(x + 1)' or `tt(x + 3989)' is also grammatically correct. But actual values are very important for understanding the input's meaning. A compiler is useless if it fails to distinguish between 4, 1 and 3989 as constants that are being used in a program. Therefore, each token in a b() grammar has both a token type and a em(semantic value). See section ref(SEMANTICS) for details. A token is a terminal symbol defined in the grammar, such as tt(INTEGER), tt(IDENTIFIER) or 'tt(,)'. Tokens are used by the parser to make decisions about the continuation of the parsing process, but for that only the mere tokens are required, and nothing else. Semantic values represent any additionally available information about tokens, such as the values of integers, or the names of identifiers. (A token such as 'tt(,)' which is just punctuation normally doesn't have a particular semantic value.) For example, an token might be an tt(INTEGER), having the semantic value 4. Another tt(INTEGER) token could have semantic value 3989. When a grammar rule indicates that tt(INTEGER) is allowed, either of these token/value combinations is acceptable because each token is tt(INTEGER). When the parser accepts the token, it may store the token's semantic value for future reference on a em(semantic value stack). Nonterminal symbols often also have semantic values. For example, in a calculator, an expression typically has a semantic value that is a number. In a compiler for a programming language, an expression typically has a semantic value that is a tree structure describing the meaning of the expression. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/preamble.yo0000664000175000017500000000724214700504612020552 0ustar frankfrankNOUSERMACRO(terminal nonterminal member token files) DEFINEMACRO(manual)(0)() SUBST(BSSP)(\ ) SUBST(MYEMAIL)(f.b.brokken@rug.nl) SUBST(MAILTO)(CHAR(109)ailto:MYEMAIL) SUBST(URLEMAIL)(url(email)(MAILTO)) SUBST(OPENPAR)(CHAR(40)) SUBST(CLOSEPAR)(CHAR(41)) SUBST(AFFILIATION)(url(University of Groningen)(http://www.rug.nl/)) sethtmlfigureext(.gif) COMMENT(While converting figures to .jpg) IFDEF(latex) (\ latexoptions(a4paper,twoside)\ latexpackage(latin1)(inputenc)\ latexpackage()(makeidx)\ COMMENT( latexpackage()(pandora)\ latexpackage()(bookman)\ )\ latexpackage()(newcent)\ latexpackage()(epsf)\ IFDEF(us)(\ latexpackage()(cplusplusus)\ )(\ latexpackage()(cplusplus)\ )\ makeindex()\ sloppyhfuzz(70)\ noxlatin()\ latexlayoutcmds(\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3})\ latexlayoutcmds(\pagestyle{headings})\ )() DEFINEMACRO(itx)(0)(it()) DEFINEMACRO(itemlist)(1)(ARG1) DEFINEMACRO(turl)(2)(\ IFDEF(html)\ (htmlcommand()ARG1+htmlcommand())\ (url(ARG1)(ARG2))) DEFINEMACRO(tlurl)(1)(\ IFDEF(html)\ (htmlcommand()ARG1+htmlcommand())\ (lurl(ARG1))) DEFINEMACRO(lshift)(0)(\ IFDEF(latex)(\ NOTRANS($<<$)\ )(\ NOTRANS(<<)\ )\ ) DEFINEMACRO(rshift)(0)(\ IFDEF(latex)(\ NOTRANS($>>$)\ )(\ NOTRANS(>>)\ )\ ) DEFINEMACRO(oplshift)(0)(\ tt(operator)\ IFDEF(latex)(\ NOTRANS($<<$)\ )(\ NOTRANS(<<)\ )\ tt(())\ ) DEFINEMACRO(oprshift)(0)(\ tt(operator)\ IFDEF(latex)(\ NOTRANS($>>$)\ )(\ NOTRANS(>>)\ )\ tt(())\ ) DEFINEMACRO(decrement)(0)(\ IFDEF(latex)(\ NOTRANS($--$)\ )(\ NOTRANS(--)\ )\ ) DEFINEMACRO(opdecrement)(0)(\ tt(operator)\ IFDEF(latex)(\ NOTRANS($--$)\ )(\ NOTRANS(--)\ )\ tt(())\ ) DEFINEMACRO(iopdecrement)(0)(\ hix(operator--())\ opdecrement()\ ) DEFINECOUNTER(htmlAnchor)(0) def(x)(1)(IFDEF(html)(htmlcommand())()ARG1) def(linkit)(2)(it()link(Chapter )(ARG1)ref(ARG1)link(: ARG2.)(ARG1)) def(itt)(1)(it()tt(ARG1)) def(centt)(1)(\ verb( ARG1)\ ) def(rangett)(1)(tt(CHAR(91)ARG1+CHAR(41))) def(endOfFile)(1)(tt(CHAR(69)CHAR(79)CHAR(70))) def(c)(1)(COMMENT(ARG1)) def(hix)(1)(\ IFDEF(html)(\ label(an+USECOUNTER(htmlAnchor))\ htmlcommand( )\ )(\ IFDEF(latex)(\ latexcommand(\index{)\ ARG1\ +latexcommand(})\ )()\ )\ ) def(fst)(1)(tt(FIRST(ARG1))) def(flw)(1)(tt(FOLLOW(ARG1))) def(fstrow)(3)(row(cell(ARG1)cell(ARG2)cell( )cell(ARG3))) def(ttrow)(4)(row(cell(tt(ARG1))cell()cell(tt(ARG2))cell()cell(tt(ARG3)) cell()cell(ARG4))) def(hi)(1)(hix(ARG1)) def(i)(1)(hix(ARG1)ARG1) def(ti)(1)(hix(ARG1)tt(ARG1)) def(bi)(1)(hix(ARG1)bf(ARG1)) def(emi)(1)(hix(ARG1)em(ARG1)) def(iti)(1)(it()ti(ARG1)) def(rangeti)(1)(ti(CHAR(91)ARG1+CHAR(41))) def(itht)(2)(it()hix(ARG1)tt(ARG2)) def(ittq)(2)(it()ti(ARG1):quote(ARG2)) def(ithtq)(3)(it()hix(ARG1)tt(ARG2):quote(ARG3)) DEFINEMACRO(laoption)(2)(\ bf(--ARG1)=tt(ARG2)\ ) DEFINEMACRO(lsoption)(3)(\ bf(--ARG1)=tt(ARG3) (bf(-ARG2))\ ) DEFINEMACRO(loption)(1)(\ bf(--ARG1)\ ) DEFINEMACRO(soption)(1)(\ bf(-ARG1)\ ) DEFINEMACRO(bic)(0)(bf(bisonc++)) DEFINEMACRO(Bic)(0)(bf(Bisonc++)) DEFINEMACRO(epsilon)(0)(\ IFDEF(html)(\ htmlcommand(ε) )\ (\ IFDEF(latex)(\ latexcommand(\epsilon)\ )\ (e)\ )\ ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/concepts.yo0000664000175000017500000000114614700504612020576 0ustar frankfrankincludefile(concepts/intro) lsect(LANGUAGES)(Languages and Context-Free Grammars) includefile(concepts/languages) sect(From Formal Rules to Bisonc++ Input) includefile(concepts/formal) sect(Semantic Values) includefile(concepts/semantic) sect(Semantic Actions) includefile(concepts/actions) sect(Bisonc++ output: the Parser class) includefile(concepts/output) subsect(Bisonc++: an optionally reentrant Parser) includefile(concepts/reentrant.yo) sect(Using Bisonc++: main steps) includefile(concepts/stages) lsect(LAYOUT)(The Overall Layout of a Bisonc++ Grammar File) includefile(concepts/layout) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm.yo0000664000175000017500000000262714700504612020753 0ustar frankfrankincludefile(algorithm/intro.yo) subsect(The FIRST Sets) includefile(algorithm/first.yo) subsect(The States) includefile(algorithm/states.yo) lsubsect(LOOKAHEAD)(The Look-ahead Sets) includefile(algorithm/lookaheads.yo) subsubsect(The look-ahead token) includefile(algorithm/lookahead.yo) subsubsect(How look-ahead sets are determined) includefile(algorithm/determine.yo) subsect(The Final Transition Tables) subsubsect(Preamble) includefile(algorithm/pstates.yo) includefile(algorithm/transition.yo) lsubsect(PARSING)(Processing Input) includefile(algorithm/input.yo) lsect(SHIFTREDUCE)(Shift/Reduce Conflicts) includefile(algorithm/conflicts.yo) sect(Operator Precedence) includefile(algorithm/precedence.yo) subsect(When Precedence is Needed) includefile(algorithm/whenprec.yo) subsect(Specifying Operator Precedence) includefile(algorithm/specifying.yo) subsect(Precedence Examples) includefile(algorithm/precdemos.yo) subsect(How Precedence Works) includefile(algorithm/howprec.yo) subsect(Rule precedence) includefile(algorithm/ruleprec.yo) lsect(CONDEP)(Context-Dependent Precedence) includefile(algorithm/condep.yo) sect(Reduce/Reduce Conflicts) includefile(algorithm/reduce.yo) lsect(MYSTERIOUS)(Mysterious Reduce/Reduce Conflicts) includefile(algorithm/mysterious.yo) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/invoking.yo0000664000175000017500000000016714700504612020606 0ustar frankfranklsect(OPTIONS)(Bisonc++ options) includefile(invoking/options.yo) sect(Bisonc++ usage) includefile(invoking/usage.yo) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error.yo0000664000175000017500000000035114700504612020106 0ustar frankfrankincludefile(error/intro.yo) sect(Syntactic Error Recovery) includefile(error/syntactical.yo) subsect(Error Recovery) includefile(error/recovery.yo) COMMENT( sect(Semantic Error Recovery) includefile(error/semantical.yo) ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/whatsnew.yo0000664000175000017500000000667314700504612020632 0ustar frankfrankIf you're new to b(), you can safely skip this section. If you used b() before, please note the following new and modified features: itemization( it() includefile(underscores) it() The generated code was redesigned. Large parts of the protected interface of the parser's base class and names of tt(parse())-related members in the generated parser class were modified. The names of all accessible members in tt(parserbase.h) and tt(parser.h) now end in a trailing underscore character. Predefined members in tt(parser.ih) no longer have trailing underscores, and can be redefined (but must be available). The traditional tt(error(char const *)) member in fact never uses its argument (and bic() only passes the default "Syntax error" argument). Its prototype now no longer defines a parameter. Here's an overview of modified member names/signatures: quote( table(3)(lcl)( rowline() row(cell(bf(Before 6.00.00))cell( )cell(bf(Starting with 6.00.00))) rowline() row(cell(tt(void error(char const *))) cell() cell(tt(void error()))) row() row(cell(tt(void exceptionHandler_(...))) cell() cell(tt(void exceptionHandler(...)))) row() row(cell(tt(void errorRecovery())) cell() cell(tt(void errorRecovery_()))) row(cell(tt(void executeAction(int))) cell() cell(tt(void executeAction_(int)))) row(cell(tt(void nextToken())) cell() cell(tt(void nextToken_()))) rowline() row(cell()cell()cell(bf(added:))) row(cell()cell()cell(tt(void nextCycle_()))) rowline() row(cell()cell()cell(bf(remove:))) row(cell()cell()cell(tt(int lookup(bool)))) rowline() ) ) When re-generating parsers generated by bic() before version 6.00.00, the signatures of the above functions in the file parser.h must be hand-modified to reflect the above changes. In addition, the implementations of error and exceptionHandler (default implementations were provided in parser.ih) must be adapted to their new signatures. it() Added a warning to tt(skeletons/binsonc++.h) that until the tt(#undef) instruction the parser class name will be read as the parser's base class name. it() With Polymorphic semantic values a tag mismatch is not considered fatal anymore if errors were already encountered. In that case the semantic value showing a tag mismatch is replaced by the default value of the semantic value of the expected polymorphic type. Starting with version 6.03.00 assignment to polymorphic semantic values is not anymore implemented through templates. The main reason is that inferred types may not be defined as a polymorphic semantic value type. Refer to section ref(POLYMORPHIC) for details. it() Added option and directive tt(--prompt) (tt(%prompt)): when debug-code is active, the generated parser shows a ?-prompt at each cycle when processing its input (which should not be provided on the standard input stream). it() Option tt(--thread-safe) can now also be specified as a directive (tt(%thread-safe)). it() Members that should not be modified by the parser class were moved to the parser's base class's private section. Accessor members are now available in the parser's base class, allowing user code to read, e.g., the currently active token and parsing state. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612017514 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020741 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc/build0000775000175000017500000000061214700504612021765 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash program=`pwd` program=`basename $program` case $1 in (clean) rm -f program cd parser rm -f Parserbase.h parse.cc grammar.output ;; (program) cd parser bisonc++ -V grammar || exit 1 cd .. g++ -Wall -o program *.cc */*.cc ;; (*) echo "$0 [clean|program] to clean or build \`program'" ;; esac bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022235 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc/parser/lex.cc0000664000175000017500000000413314700504612023335 0ustar frankfrank#include "Parser.ih" /* Lexical scanner returns a double floating point number on the stack and the token NUM, or the ASCII character read if not a number. Skips all blanks and tabs, returns 0 for EOF. */ int Parser::lex() { char c; // get the next non-ws character while (cin.get(c) && (c == ' ' || c == '\t')) ; if (!cin) // no characters were obtained return 0; // indicate End Of Input if (c == '.' || isdigit (c)) // if a digit char was found { cin.putback(c); // return the character cin >> d_val_.u_val; // extract a number return NUM; // return the NUM token } if (!isalpha(c)) // c doesn't start an identifier: return c; // return a single character token. // in all other cases, an ident is entered. Recognize a var or function string word; // store the name in a string object while (true) // process all alphanumerics: { word += c; // add 'm to `word' if (!cin.get(c)) // no more chars? then done here break; if (!isalnum(c)) // not an alphanumeric: put it back and done. { cin.putback(c); break; } } // Now lookup the name as a function's name unordered_map::iterator function = s_functions.find(word); // Got it, so return FPTR if (function != s_functions.end()) { d_val_.u_fun = function->second; return FNCT; } // no function, so return a VAR. Set // u_symbol to the symbol's address in the // d_symbol map. The map will add the // symbol if not yet there. d_val_.u_symbol = &d_symbols[word]; return VAR; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc/parser/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000065614700504612023464 0ustar frankfrank#include "Parser.ih" Parser::FunctionPair Parser::s_funTab[] = { FunctionPair("sin", sin), FunctionPair("cos", cos), FunctionPair("atan", atan), FunctionPair("ln", log), FunctionPair("exp", exp), FunctionPair("sqrt", sqrt), }; unordered_map Parser::s_functions ( Parser::s_funTab, Parser::s_funTab + sizeof(Parser::s_funTab) / sizeof(Parser::FunctionPair) ); bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc/parser/Parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000144214700504612024014 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V5.00.00 on Wed, 06 Apr 2016 13:35:55 +0530 // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. // $insert class.h #include "Parser.h" inline void Parser::error() { std::cerr << "Syntax error\n"; } inline void Parser::print() { print_(); // displays tokens if --print was specified } inline void Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } // Add here includes that are only required for the compilation // of Parser's sources. #include // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // int Parser's sources symbols from the namespace std without // specifying std:: using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc/parser/internalheader.ih0000664000175000017500000000057514700504612025553 0ustar frankfrank // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. // $insert class.h #include "Parser.h" // Add below here any includes etc. that are only // required for the compilation of Parser's sources. #include // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // symbols from the namespace std without specifying std:: using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc/parser/Parser.h0000664000175000017500000000215414700504612023644 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V5.00.00 on Wed, 06 Apr 2016 13:41:57 +0530 #ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // added for mfcalc's memory #include #include // $insert baseclass #include "Parserbase.h" #undef Parser class Parser: public ParserBase { using FunctionPair = std::pair; std::unordered_map d_symbols; static std::unordered_map s_functions; static FunctionPair s_funTab[]; public: int parse(); private: void error(); // called on (syntax) errors int lex(); // returns the next token from the // lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc); // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextCycle_(); void nextToken_(); void print_(); }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc/parser/grammar.rules0000664000175000017500000000172114700504612024740 0ustar frankfrankinput: // empty | input line ; line: '\n' | exp '\n' { cout << "\t" << $1 << endl; } | error '\n' ; exp: NUM | VAR { $$ = *$1; } | VAR '=' exp { $$ = *$1 = $3; } | FNCT '(' exp ')' { $$ = (*$1)($3); } | exp '+' exp { $$ = $1 + $3; } | exp '-' exp { $$ = $1 - $3; } | exp '*' exp { $$ = $1 * $3; } | exp '/' exp { $$ = $1 / $3; } | '-' exp %prec NEG { $$ = -$2; } | // Exponentiation: exp '^' exp { $$ = pow($1, $3); } | '(' exp ')' { $$ = $2; } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000256514700504612023616 0ustar frankfrank%union { double u_val; double *u_symbol; double (*u_fun)(double); } %token NUM // Simple double precision number %token VAR // Variable %token FNCT // Function %type exp %right '=' %left '-' '+' %left '*' '/' %left NEG // negation--unary minus %right '^' // exponentiation %% //GRAMMAR input: // empty | input line ; //LINE line: '\n' | exp '\n' { cout << "\t" << $1 << endl; } | error '\n' ; //= exp: NUM | VAR { $$ = *$1; } | VAR '=' exp { $$ = *$1 = $3; } | FNCT '(' exp ')' { $$ = (*$1)($3); } | exp '+' exp { $$ = $1 + $3; } | exp '-' exp { $$ = $1 - $3; } | exp '*' exp { $$ = $1 * $3; } | exp '/' exp { $$ = $1 / $3; } | '-' exp %prec NEG { $$ = -$2; } | // Exponentiation: exp '^' exp { $$ = pow($1, $3); } | '(' exp ')' { $$ = $2; } ; //= bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc/parser/parser.header0000664000175000017500000000164114700504612024705 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // for error()'s inline implementation #include // for mfcalc's memory #include #include // $insert baseclass #include "Parserbase.h" #undef Parser class Parser: public ParserBase { using FunctionPair = std::pair; std::map d_symbols; static std::map s_functions; static FunctionPair s_funTab[]; public: int parse(); private: void error() { std::cerr << "Syntax error\n"; } // $insert lex int lex(); void print() // d_token, d_loc {} // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextCycle_(); void nextToken_(); void print_(); }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc/main.cc0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612024434 2../rpn/main.ccustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc/main.ih0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612024462 2../rpn/main.ihustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpngram.yo0000664000175000017500000000234614700504612021540 0ustar frankfrankHere are the grammar rules for the reverse polish notation calculator. verbinsert(//RULES rpn/parser/grammar) The rules of the tt(rpn) `language' defined here are the expression (using the name tt(exp)), the line of input (tt(line)), and the complete input transcript (tt(input)). Each of these nonterminal symbols has several alternate rules, joined by the `tt(|)' separator, separating the various production rules. The various rules are explained next. The semantics of the language are determined by the actions taken once nonterminals have been recognized. The actions consist of bf(C++) code that appears inside braces. See section ref(ACTIONS). Actions are specified using bf(C++), but b() provides the means for passing semantic values between rules. Refer to section ref(ACTIONS) below for an extensive coverage of the various possibilities. As a short introduction, the pseudo-variable tt($$) can be used in rules to represent the semantic value for the nonterminal that the production rule is defining. Assigning a value to tt($$) is the main task of many actions. The semantic values of the elements of production rules are referred to as tt($1) (the first element of a production rule), tt($2) (the second element), and so on. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpnline.yo0000664000175000017500000000200514700504612021531 0ustar frankfrankNext consider the definition of the tt(line) nonterminal: verb( line: '\n' | exp '\n' { cout << "\t" << $1 << endl; } ; ) The first alternative is a newline character token; this means that tt(rpn) accepts a blank line (and ignores it, since it has no associated action). The second alternative is an em(expression) (tt(expr)), followed by a newline. This alternative handles all expressions that are entered by the user. The semantic value of the tt(exp) nonterminal is the value of tt($1) because the tt(exp) nonterminal is the first symbol of the production rule. The action simply prints the expression's value. This action is unusual because it does not assign a value to tt($$). As a consequence, the semantic value associated with tt(line) is not defined. This becomes a bug if that value is ever used, but we don't use it: once tt(rpn) has printed the value of the user's input line, that value is no longer needed. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfdecl.yo0000664000175000017500000000474114700504612021325 0ustar frankfrankThe grammar specification file for the tt(mfcalc) calculator shows several new features. Here is the b() directive section for the tt(mfcalc) multi-function calculator (line numbers were added for referential purposes, they are not part of the declaraction section as used in the actual grammar file): verb( 1 %union 2 { 3 double u_val; 4 double *u_symbol; 5 double (*u_fun)(double); 6 } 7 8 %token NUM // Simple double precision number 9 %token VAR // Variable 10 %token FNCT // Function 11 %type exp 12 13 %right '=' 14 %left '-' '+' 15 %left '*' '/' 16 %left NEG // negation--unary minus 17 %right '^' // exponentiation ) The above specifications show two new features of b()'s grammar specification language, allowing semantic values to have different data types. itemization( it() The tt(%union) directive (given in lines 1 through 6) allows semantic values to have various data types (see section ref(UNION)). It is used instead of tt(%stype), and defines tt(Parser::STYPE_) as a the union type: all semantic values now have this type. Now semantic values can have any of the types that are defined as the union's fields. it() The tt(%type) directive is used to associate (non)terminal tokens with the types of the fields of the union: itemization( itt(double) (for tt(exp) and tt(NUM)); it() a em(pointer) to a tt(double), being a pointer to entries in tt(mfcalc)'s symbol table, used with tt(VAR) tokens. it() a em(pointer to a function) expecting a tt(double) argument and returning a tt(double) value, used with tt(FNCT) tokens. ) Since semantic values no longer are of one single type, each grammar symbol whose semantic value is used must explicitly be associated with one of the types of the fields of the union. This holds true for the symbols tt(NUM, VAR, FNCT), and tt(exp). The tt(%type) directive first specifies (between angle brackets) one of the union's field types, followed by a list of (blank or comma separated) nonterminal or terminal symbols which are associated with the specified union field type. ) Finally note the em(right associative) operator `tt(=)', defined in line 13: by making the assignment operator right-associative we can allow em(sequential assignments) of the form tt(a = b = c = expression). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpninput.yo0000664000175000017500000000237014700504612021746 0ustar frankfrankConsider the definition of tt(input): verb( input: // empty | input line ; ) This definition should be read as follows: em(A complete input is either an empty string, or a complete input followed by an input line). Notice that `complete input' is defined in terms of itself. This definition is said to be em(left recursive) since the rule's nonterminal (tt(input)) appears as the leftmost symbol in the production rule. See section ref(RECURSIVE). The first alternative is empty: there are no symbols between the colon and the first `tt(|)'; this means that input can match an empty string of input (no tokens). We write the rules this way because it is legitimate to type tt(Ctrl-d) (end of input) immediately after starting the calculator. By convention empty alternatives are provided with the comment `tt(// empty)'. The second production rule (`tt(input line)') handles all nontrivial input. It means em(after reading any number of lines, read one more line). The left recursion turns this rule into a loop: it processes any number of lines. The parser's parsing function continues to process input until a grammatical error is encountered or untilthe lexical analyzer returns the end-of-file token. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpnconstruct.yo0000664000175000017500000000167614700504612022643 0ustar frankfrankHere is how to compile and run the parser file: verb( # List files (recursively) in the (current) examples/rpn directory. % ls -R .: build* main.cc parser/ rpn.ih ./parser: grammar lex.cc Parser.ih # Create `rpn' using the `build' script: % ./build program # List files again, ./rpn is the constructed program % ls -R .: build* main.cc parser/ program* rpn.ih ./parser: grammar grammar.output lex.cc parse.cc Parserbase.h Parser.h Parser.ih ) Here is an example session using the calculator: verb( % program 4 9 + 13 3 7 + 3 4 5 *+- -13 3 7 + 3 4 5 * + - n Note the unary minus, `n' 13 5 6 / 4 n + -3.16667 3 4 ^ Exponentiation 81 ^D End-of-file indicator % ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpnmain.yo0000664000175000017500000000033614700504612021533 0ustar frankfrankIn keeping with the spirit of this example, the calcuator's tt(main) function is a very small one. It constructs a parser object and then calls its parsing function to start the calculator: verbinclude(rpn/main.cc) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpnlex.yo0000664000175000017500000000306014700504612021374 0ustar frankfrankThe lexical analyzer's job is to convert characters or sequences of characters read from the input stream into tokens. B()'s parser obtains its tokens by calling its lexical analyzer member (tt(lex)), which is a predefined member of the parser class. See section ref(LEX). Our calculator only needs a simple lexical analyzer. It skips blanks and tabs, then reads numbers, returning them as tt(NUM) tokens. Any other character that isn't part of a number is a separate token. Note that the token-value for such a single-character token is the character itself. The lexical analyzer function's return value is a numeric value representing a token. If the token is a literal character, then its numeric code is the character's tt(ASCII) code; if the token is the name of a token defined by b() in a grammar specification file, then such named tokens are defined by b() in a bf(C++) enumeration. In the current example, therefore, tt(NUM) becomes an enumeration value, returned by the tt(lex) member as the `value' tt(NUM). Semantic values of nonterminals are stored in the parser's data member tt(d_val_) (comparable to the variable tt(yylval) used by, e.g., Bison). This data member has tt(int) as its default type, but by specifying tt(%stype) in the grammar file's directive section this default type is modified (to, e.g., tt(double)). A token value of zero is returned once end-of-file is encountered (the parsing function produced by b() interprets any nonpositive token value as end-of-input). Here is the lexical scanner's implementation: verbinclude(rpn/parser/lex.cc) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpnparser.yo0000664000175000017500000000274714700504612022113 0ustar frankfrankBefore running b(), we should decide how to organize the program's source code, using one or more source files. Even though the example is simple, it is good practice to define all user-defined functions in source files of their own. For tt(rpn) this means that a source file (tt(main.cc)) is constructed holding tt(main), and a file tt(parser/lex.cc) containing the lexical scanner's implementation. Note that I've put all the parser's files in a separate directory as well (also see section ref(LAYOUT)). In url(rpn's parser)(demos/rpn/parser) directory the file tt(grammar) contains the grammar specification. B() constructs a parser class and a parsing member function from this file after issuing the command: verb( b() grammar ) From this, b() produced the following files: itemization( itt(Parser.h), the parser class definition; itt(Parserbase.h), the parser's em(base) class definition, defining, among other, the grammatical tokens to be used by externally defined lexical scanners; itt(Parser.ih), the em(internal header file), to be included by all implementations of the parser class' members; itt(parse.cc), the parsing member function. ) By default, tt(Parserbase.h) and tt(parse.cc) will be em(re-created) each time b() is re-run. tt(Parser.h) and tt(Parser.ih) may safely be modified by the programmer, e.g., to add new members to to the parser class. These two files will not be overwritten by b(), unless explicitly instructed to do so. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpn.yo0000664000175000017500000000057614700504612020674 0ustar frankfrankThe first example is about a simple double-precision reverse polish notation calculator (a calculator using postfix operators). This example provides a good starting point, since operator precedence is not an issue. The second example illustrates how operator precedence is handled. All sources for this calculator are found in the url(demos/rpn/)(demos/rpn/index.html) directory. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/errors.yo0000664000175000017500000000433314700504612021404 0ustar frankfrankUp to this point, error-recovery hasn't yet been covered i.e., how to continue parsing after the parser detects a syntax error. By default tt(parse) returns after calling tt(error). This means that an erroneous input line ends the calculator. Now we show how to recover from erroneous input. The b() grammar-specification language includes the reserved symbol tt(error), which can be used in production rules. In the example below it has been added as a new alternative for recognizing the tt(line) nonterminal: verbinsert(//LINE errorcalc/parser/grammar) This addition to the grammar allows the calculator to recover from syntax errors. If a syntax error is encountered, the third production rule is activated, skipping all tokens until a newline token has been encounters. At that point tt(line) has been recognized, and parsing continues afresh at the next input line (the tt(error) member function is also called, printing its message). Different from bison's tt(error) implementation, b() proceeds on the assumption that whenever tt(error) is used in a production rule it is the grammar constructor's intention to have the parser continue parsing (therefore, a statement like `tt(yyerrok)', encountered in bison grammars is superfluous in b() grammars). The reserved symbol tt(error) itself causes the parsing function to skip all subsequent input until a token that can follow tt(error) has been encountered. In the above implementation that token is the newline character `tt(\n)' (see chapter ref(RECOVERY)). This form of error recovery deals with syntax errors. There are other kinds of errors; for example, divisions by zero, which raises an exception signal that is normally fatal. A real calculator program must handle this signal and use whatever it takes to discard the rest of the current line of input and resume parsing thereafter. Handling such signals and other forms of semantic errors is not discussed here, as it is not specific to b() programs. But once a semantic error has been encountered, handling functions may call tt(ERROR()), resulting in the same procedure as the one that's used for syntax errors: all subsequenct tokens are skipped until a token has been encountered that can follow the reserved symbol tt(error). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpnerror.yo0000664000175000017500000000143214700504612021736 0ustar frankfrankWhen tt(parse) encounters a em(syntax error), it calls the error reporting member function (tt(error)) to print an error message. A very basic in-line implementation is provided by b() in the parser class internal header file (see chapter ref(INTERFACE)), which can easily be redefined by the programmer. The tt(error) member's default implementation is OK for tt(rpn). Once tt(error) returns, b()'s parser may recover from the error and continue parsing if the grammar contains a suitable error rule (see chapter ref(RECOVERY)). Otherwise, the parsing function tt(parse) returns a non-zero value. No error production rules were used for tt(rpn), so the calculator terminates at the first syntax error.. Not very nice in a real-life calculator, but it is acceptable for this first example. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpnexpr.yo0000664000175000017500000000361014700504612021563 0ustar frankfrankThe tt(exp) nonterminal has several rules, one for each kind of expression. The first rule handles the simplest kind of expression: just a single number. The second handles additions, which are two expressions followed by a plus-sign. The third handles subtractions, and so on. verb( exp: NUM | exp exp '+' { $$ = $1 + $2; } | exp exp '-' { $$ = $1 - $2; } ... ) Normally the production rule separator `tt(|)' is used to separate the various production rules, but the rules could equally well have separately been defined: verb( exp: NUM ; exp: exp exp '+' { $$ = $1 + $2; } ; exp: exp exp '-' { $$ = $1 - $2; } ; ... ) Most rules have actions assoicated with them computing the value of the expression using the values of the elements of production rules. For example, in the rule for addition, tt($1) refers to the first component tt(exp) and tt($2) refers to the second one. The third component, 'tt(+)', has no semantic value associated with it, but if it had you could refer to it as tt($3). When the parser's parsing function recognizes a sum expression using this rule, the sum of the two subexpressions' values is produced as the value of the entire expression. See section ref(ACTIONS). You don't have to define actions for every rule. When a rule has no action, b() by default copies the value of tt($1) into tt($$). This is what happens in the first rule (the one that uses tt(NUM)). The formatting shown here shows the recommended layout, but b() does not require it. You can alter whitespace as much as you like. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfbuild.yo0000664000175000017500000000223714700504612021513 0ustar frankfrankIn order to construct tt(mfcalc), the following steps are suggested: itemization( it() Construct a program tt(mfcalc.cc). Actually, it is already available, since all implementations of tt(main()) used so far are identical to each other. it() Construct the parser in a subdirectory tt(parser): itemization( it() First, construct b()'s input file as indicated above. Name this file tt(grammar); it() Run tt(bisonc++ grammar) to produce the files tt(Parser.h), tt(Parserbase.h), tt(Parser.ih) and tt(parse.cc); it() Modify tt(Parser.h) so as to include tt(FunctionPair, s_functions, s_funTab) and tt(d_symbols); it() Modify tt(Parser.ih) so as to include tt(cmath) and optionally `tt(using namespace std)', which is commented out by default; it() Implement tt(data.cc) and tt(lex.cc) to initialize the static data and to contain the lexical scanner, respectively. ) it() Now construct tt(mfcalc) in tt(mfcalc.cc)'s directory using the following command: verb( g++ -o mfcalc *.cc parser/*.cc ) ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/calc/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020416 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/calc/build0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612023467 2../rpn/buildustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/calc/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021712 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/calc/parser/lex.cc0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612026624 2../../rpn/parser/lex.ccustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/calc/parser/Parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000142414700504612023471 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V5.00.00 on Wed, 06 Apr 2016 12:25:45 +0530 // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. // $insert class.h #include "Parser.h" inline void Parser::error() { std::cerr << "Syntax error\n"; } inline void Parser::print() { print_(); // displays tokens if --print was specified } inline void Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } // Add here includes that are only required for the compilation // of Parser's sources. // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // int Parser's sources symbols from the namespace std without // specifying std:: //using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/calc/parser/parse.output0000664000175000017500000003053614700504612024315 0ustar frankfrank Production Rules: 1: input -> 2: input -> input line 3: line -> '\n' 4: line -> exp '\n' 5: exp -> NUM 6: exp -> exp '+' exp 7: exp -> exp '-' exp 8: exp -> exp '*' exp 9: exp -> exp '/' exp 10: exp -> '-' exp 11: exp -> exp '^' exp 12: exp -> '(' exp ')' 13: input_$ -> input GRAMMAR STATES: State 0 input_$ -> . input (rule 13) Lookahead set { } All production rules (using dot == 0) of: input Lookahead set { NUM '-' '\n' '(' } on input: shift, and go to state 1 _default_: reduce, using production 1: input -> State 1 input_$ -> input . (rule 13) Lookahead set { } input -> input . line (rule 2) Lookahead set { NUM '-' '\n' '(' } All production rules (using dot == 0) of: line Lookahead set { NUM '-' '\n' '(' } exp Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on NUM: shift, and go to state 2 on '-': shift, and go to state 3 on '\n': shift, and go to state 5 on '(': shift, and go to state 7 on line: shift, and go to state 4 on exp: shift, and go to state 6 State 2 (inherited terminal: NUM) exp -> NUM . (rule 5) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' ')' } _default_: reduce, using production 5: exp -> NUM State 3 (inherited terminal: '-') exp -> '-' . exp (rule 10) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' ')' } All production rules (using dot == 0) of: exp Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on NUM: shift, and go to state 2 on '-': shift, and go to state 3 on '(': shift, and go to state 7 on exp: shift, and go to state 8 State 4 input -> input line . (rule 2) Lookahead set { NUM '-' '\n' '(' } _default_: reduce, using production 2: input -> input line State 5 (inherited terminal: '\n') line -> '\n' . (rule 3) Lookahead set { NUM '-' '\n' '(' } _default_: reduce, using production 3: line -> '\n' State 6 line -> exp . '\n' (rule 4) Lookahead set { NUM '-' '\n' '(' } exp -> exp . '+' exp (rule 6) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '-' exp (rule 7) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '*' exp (rule 8) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '/' exp (rule 9) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '^' exp (rule 11) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on '-': shift, and go to state 9 on '+': shift, and go to state 10 on '*': shift, and go to state 11 on '/': shift, and go to state 12 on '^': shift, and go to state 13 on '\n': shift, and go to state 14 State 7 (inherited terminal: '(') exp -> '(' . exp ')' (rule 12) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' ')' } All production rules (using dot == 0) of: exp Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' ')' } on NUM: shift, and go to state 2 on '-': shift, and go to state 3 on '(': shift, and go to state 7 on exp: shift, and go to state 15 State 8 (inherited terminal: '-') exp -> '-' exp . (rule 10) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '+' exp (rule 6) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '-' exp (rule 7) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '*' exp (rule 8) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '/' exp (rule 9) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '^' exp (rule 11) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on '^': shift, and go to state 13 _default_: reduce, using production 10: exp -> '-' exp Actions suppressed by the default conflict resolution procedures: [on '^': reduce, using production 10: exp -> '-' exp] State 9 (inherited terminal: '-') exp -> exp '-' . exp (rule 7) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' ')' } All production rules (using dot == 0) of: exp Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on NUM: shift, and go to state 2 on '-': shift, and go to state 3 on '(': shift, and go to state 7 on exp: shift, and go to state 16 State 10 (inherited terminal: '+') exp -> exp '+' . exp (rule 6) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' ')' } All production rules (using dot == 0) of: exp Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on NUM: shift, and go to state 2 on '-': shift, and go to state 3 on '(': shift, and go to state 7 on exp: shift, and go to state 17 State 11 (inherited terminal: '*') exp -> exp '*' . exp (rule 8) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' ')' } All production rules (using dot == 0) of: exp Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on NUM: shift, and go to state 2 on '-': shift, and go to state 3 on '(': shift, and go to state 7 on exp: shift, and go to state 18 State 12 (inherited terminal: '/') exp -> exp '/' . exp (rule 9) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' ')' } All production rules (using dot == 0) of: exp Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on NUM: shift, and go to state 2 on '-': shift, and go to state 3 on '(': shift, and go to state 7 on exp: shift, and go to state 19 State 13 (inherited terminal: '^') exp -> exp '^' . exp (rule 11) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' ')' } All production rules (using dot == 0) of: exp Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on NUM: shift, and go to state 2 on '-': shift, and go to state 3 on '(': shift, and go to state 7 on exp: shift, and go to state 20 State 14 (inherited terminal: '\n') line -> exp '\n' . (rule 4) Lookahead set { NUM '-' '\n' '(' } _default_: reduce, using production 4: line -> exp '\n' State 15 (inherited terminal: '(') exp -> '(' exp . ')' (rule 12) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' ')' } exp -> exp . '+' exp (rule 6) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' ')' } exp -> exp . '-' exp (rule 7) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' ')' } exp -> exp . '*' exp (rule 8) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' ')' } exp -> exp . '/' exp (rule 9) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' ')' } exp -> exp . '^' exp (rule 11) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' ')' } on '-': shift, and go to state 9 on '+': shift, and go to state 10 on '*': shift, and go to state 11 on '/': shift, and go to state 12 on '^': shift, and go to state 13 on ')': shift, and go to state 21 State 16 (inherited terminal: '-') exp -> exp '-' exp . (rule 7) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '+' exp (rule 6) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '-' exp (rule 7) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '*' exp (rule 8) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '/' exp (rule 9) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '^' exp (rule 11) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on '*': shift, and go to state 11 on '/': shift, and go to state 12 on '^': shift, and go to state 13 _default_: reduce, using production 7: exp -> exp '-' exp Actions suppressed by the default conflict resolution procedures: [on '*': reduce, using production 7: exp -> exp '-' exp] [on '/': reduce, using production 7: exp -> exp '-' exp] [on '^': reduce, using production 7: exp -> exp '-' exp] State 17 (inherited terminal: '+') exp -> exp '+' exp . (rule 6) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '+' exp (rule 6) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '-' exp (rule 7) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '*' exp (rule 8) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '/' exp (rule 9) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '^' exp (rule 11) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on '*': shift, and go to state 11 on '/': shift, and go to state 12 on '^': shift, and go to state 13 _default_: reduce, using production 6: exp -> exp '+' exp Actions suppressed by the default conflict resolution procedures: [on '*': reduce, using production 6: exp -> exp '+' exp] [on '/': reduce, using production 6: exp -> exp '+' exp] [on '^': reduce, using production 6: exp -> exp '+' exp] State 18 (inherited terminal: '*') exp -> exp '*' exp . (rule 8) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '+' exp (rule 6) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '-' exp (rule 7) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '*' exp (rule 8) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '/' exp (rule 9) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '^' exp (rule 11) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on '^': shift, and go to state 13 _default_: reduce, using production 8: exp -> exp '*' exp Actions suppressed by the default conflict resolution procedures: [on '^': reduce, using production 8: exp -> exp '*' exp] State 19 (inherited terminal: '/') exp -> exp '/' exp . (rule 9) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '+' exp (rule 6) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '-' exp (rule 7) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '*' exp (rule 8) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '/' exp (rule 9) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '^' exp (rule 11) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on '^': shift, and go to state 13 _default_: reduce, using production 9: exp -> exp '/' exp Actions suppressed by the default conflict resolution procedures: [on '^': reduce, using production 9: exp -> exp '/' exp] State 20 (inherited terminal: '^') exp -> exp '^' exp . (rule 11) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' ')' } exp -> exp . '+' exp (rule 6) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '-' exp (rule 7) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '*' exp (rule 8) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '/' exp (rule 9) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } exp -> exp . '^' exp (rule 11) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' } on '^': shift, and go to state 13 _default_: reduce, using production 11: exp -> exp '^' exp Actions suppressed by the default conflict resolution procedures: [on '^': reduce, using production 11: exp -> exp '^' exp] State 21 (inherited terminal: ')') exp -> '(' exp ')' . (rule 12) Lookahead set { '-' '+' '*' '/' '^' '\n' ')' } _default_: reduce, using production 12: exp -> '(' exp ')' bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/calc/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000160014700504612023260 0ustar frankfrank%baseclass-preinclude cmath %stype double %token NUM %left '-' '+' %left '*' '/' %left NEG // negation--unary minus %right '^' // exponentiation %% input: // empty | input line ; line: '\n' | exp '\n' { std::cout << "\t" << $1 << '\n'; } ; exp: NUM | exp '+' exp { $$ = $1 + $3; } | exp '-' exp { $$ = $1 - $3; } | exp '*' exp { $$ = $1 * $3; } | exp '/' exp { $$ = $1 / $3; } | '-' exp %prec NEG { $$ = -$2; } | // Exponentiation: exp '^' exp { $$ = pow($1, $3); } | '(' exp ')' { $$ = $2; } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/calc/main.cc0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612024111 2../rpn/main.ccustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/calc/main.ih0000777000175000017500000000000014700504612024137 2../rpn/main.ihustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mflex.yo0000664000175000017500000000546714700504612021214 0ustar frankfrankIn tt(mfcalc), the parser's member function tt(lex()) must now recognize variables, function names, numeric values, and the single-character arithmetic operators. Strings of alphanumeric characters not starting with a digit are recognized as either variables or functions depending on the table in which they are found. By arranging tt(lex)'s logic such that the function table is searched first it is simple to ensure that no variable can ever have the name of a predefined function. The implementation used here, in which two different tables are used for the arithmetic functions and the variable symbols is appealing because it's simple to implement. However, it also has the drawback of being difficult to scale to more generic calculators, using, e.g., different data types and different types of functions. In such situations a single symbol table is more preferable, where the keys are the identifiers (variables, function names, predefined constants, etc.) while the values are objects describing their characteristics. A re-implementation of tt(mfcalc) using an integrated symbol table is suggested in one of the exercises of the next section ref(EXERCISES). The parser's tt(lex) member has these characteristics: itemization( it() All leading blanks and tabs are skipped it() If no (other) character could be obtained 0 is returned, indicating End-Of-File. it() If the first non-blank character is a dot or number, a number is extracted from the standard input. Since the semantic value data member of tt(mfcalc)'s parser (tt(d_val)) is itself also a tt(union), the numerical value can be extracted into tt(d_val_.u_val), and a tt(NUM) token can be returned. it() If the first non-blank character is not a letter, then a single-character token was received and the character's value is returned as the next token. it() Otherwise the read character is a letter. This character and all subsequent alpha-numeric characters are extracted to construct the name of an identifier. Then this identifier is searched for in the tt(s_functions) map. If found, tt(d_val_.u_fun) is given the function's address, found as the value of the tt(s_functions) map element corresponding to the read identifier, and token tt(FNCT) is returned. If the symbol is not found in tt(s_functions) the address of the value ofn tt(d_symbols) associated with the received identifier is assigned to tt(d_val_.u_symbol) and token tt(VAR) is returned. Note that this automatically defines newly used variables, since tt(d_symbols[name]) automatically inserts a new element in a map if tt(d_symbol[name]) wasn't already there. ) Here is the parser's tt(lex) member function: verbinclude(mfcalc/parser/lex.cc) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/intro.yo0000664000175000017500000000247514700504612021230 0ustar frankfrankNow we show and explain three sample programs written using b(): a reverse polish notation calculator, an algebraic (infix) notation calculator, and a multi-function calculator. All three have been tested using the Gnu bf(C++) compiler version 5.3.1. Each example results in a usable, though limited, interactive desk-top calculator. These examples are simple, but b() grammars for real programming languages are written the same way. You can copy the examples from this document into source files to create your own versions of these programs. In addition, the b() source archive contains the various source files ready for use. itemization( it() Reverse Polish Notation Calculator (section ref(RPN)): a first example of a calculator not requiring any operator precedence. it() Infix Notation Calculator (section ref(CALC)): infix (algebraic) notation calculator, introducing. operator precedence. it() Simple Error Recovery (section ref(ERROR)): how to continue after syntactic errors. it() Multi-Function Calculator (section ref(MFCALC)): calculator having memory and trigonometrical functions. It uses multiple data-types for semantic values. it() Suggested Exercises (section ref(EXERCISES)): Ideas for improving the multi-function calculator. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/exercises.yo0000664000175000017500000000211214700504612022053 0ustar frankfrankHere are some suggestions for you to consider to improve tt(mfcalc)'s implementation and operating mode: itemization( it() Add some additional functions from `tt(cmath)' to the tt(Parser::s_functions); it() Define a class tt(Symbol) in which the symbol type, and an appropriate value for the symbol is stored. Define only one map tt(d_symbols) in the Parser, and provide the tt(Symbol) class with means to obtain the appropriate values for the various token types. it() Remove the tt(%union) directive, and change it into tt(%stype Symbol). Hint: use the tt(%preinclude-header) directive to make tt(Symbol) known to the parser's base class. it() Define a token tt(CONST) for numerical constants (like tt(PI), (E)), and pre-define some numerical constants; it() Make the program report an error if the user refers to an uninitialized variable in any way except to store a value in it. Hints: use a tt(get()) and tt(set()) member pair in tt(Symbol), and use the appropriate member in the appropriate tt(expr) rule; use tt(ERROR()) to initiate error recovery. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfcalc.yo0000664000175000017500000000222614700504612021314 0ustar frankfrankNow that the basics of using b() have been discussed, it is time to move on to a more advanced problem. The above calculators provided only offer the operators tt(+, - * /) and tt(^). It would be nice to have a calculator that allows us to use some other mathematical functions as well, such as tt(sin), tt(cos), etc.. It is easy to add new operators to the infix calculator as long as they are only single-character literals. The parser's member tt(lex) returns all non-number characters as tokens, so only some new grammar production rules need to be added to the grammar when such tokens must be recognized. But we want something more flexible: built-in functions that can be called like this: verb( function_name (argument) ) At the same time, we add memory to the calculator, allowing us to use variables. Here is a sample session with the multi-function calculator: verb( pi = 3.141592653589 3.14159 sin(pi) 7.93266e-13 alpha = beta1 = 2.3 2.3 alpha 2.3 ln(alpha) 0.832909 exp(ln(beta1)) 2.3 ) Note that multiple assignment and nested function calls are supported. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/calc.yo0000664000175000017500000000350714700504612020774 0ustar frankfrankWe now modify tt(rpn) to handle infix operators instead of postfix. Infix notation requires us to define operator precedence and to extend the grammar with nested expressions. Here is b()'s grammar specification for tt(calc), an infix calculator: verbinclude(calc/parser/grammar) The functions tt(lex), tt(error) and tt(main) are identical to the ones used with tt(rpn). This example illustrates several important new features: itemization( it() In the first section (b() directives), tt(%left) declares token types stating that the mentioned operators are left-associative. The directives tt(%left) and tt(%right) (right associativity) are used instead of tt(%token), which is merely used to declare a token identifier. The tokens mentioned with tt(%left) and tt(%right) are single-character tokens, which ordinarily don't need to be declared. We declare them here to specify their priority and associativity. it() Operator precedence is determined by the ordering of the directives; the earlier tt(%left) and tt(%right) are specified, the lower the priority of the operators that are following these keywords. So addition/subtraction have the lowest precedence, multiplication and division are next, then unary minus (tt(NEG)), and exponentiation has the highest precedence. See section ref(PRECEDENCE). it() Another important new feature is the tt(%prec) directive encountered in the grammar section at the definition of the unary minus operator production rule. The tt(%prec) directive indicates that the minus operator in the production rule `tt('-' exp)' has tt(NEG's), rather than the minus (tt('-')) operator's precedence. See section ref(CONDEP). ) Here is a sample run of tt(calc): verb( % calc 4 + 4.5 - (34/(8*3+-3)) 6.88095 -56 + 2 -54 3 ^ 2 9 ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpn/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020313 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpn/build0000775000175000017500000000062314700504612021341 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash program=`pwd` program=`basename $program` case $1 in (clean) rm -f program cd parser rm -f Parser.h Parserbase.h parse.cc grammar.output ;; (program) cd parser bisonc++ -V grammar || exit 1 cd .. g++ -Wall -o program *.cc */*.cc ;; (*) echo "$0 [clean|program] to clean or build \`program'" ;; esac bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpn/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021607 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpn/parser/lex.cc0000664000175000017500000000152514700504612022711 0ustar frankfrank#include "Parser.ih" // Lexical scanner returns a double floating point // number on the stack and the token NUM, or the ASCII // character read if not a number. Skips all blanks // and tabs, returns 0 for EOF. int Parser::lex() { char c; // get the next non-ws character while (std::cin.get(c) && (c == ' ' || c == '\t')) ; if (!std::cin) // no characters were obtained return 0; // indicate End Of Input if (c == '.' || isdigit(c)) // if a digit char was found { std::cin.putback(c); // return the character std::cin >> d_val_; // extract a number return NUM; // return the NUM token } return c; // otherwise return the extracted char. } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpn/parser/Parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000142414700504612023366 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V5.00.00 on Wed, 06 Apr 2016 12:07:24 +0530 // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. // $insert class.h #include "Parser.h" inline void Parser::error() { std::cerr << "Syntax error\n"; } inline void Parser::print() { print_(); // displays tokens if --print was specified } inline void Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } // Add here includes that are only required for the compilation // of Parser's sources. // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // int Parser's sources symbols from the namespace std without // specifying std:: //using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpn/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000144614700504612023165 0ustar frankfrank//DECL %baseclass-preinclude cmath %token NUM %stype double //= %% //RULES input: // empty | input line ; line: '\n' | exp '\n' { std::cout << "\t" << $1 << std::endl; } ; exp: NUM | exp exp '+' { $$ = $1 + $2; } | exp exp '-' { $$ = $1 - $2; } | exp exp '*' { $$ = $1 * $2; } | exp exp '/' { $$ = $1 / $2; } | // Exponentiation: exp exp '^' { $$ = pow($1, $2); } | // Unary minus: exp 'n' { $$ = -$1; } ; //= bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpn/index.html0000664000175000017500000000147414700504612022316 0ustar frankfrank Overview of rpn files

Overview of rpn files

bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpn/index.yo0000664000175000017500000000046214700504612021775 0ustar frankfrankmailto(f.b.brokken@rug.nl) notableofcontents() htmlbodyopt(text)(#27408B) htmlbodyopt(bgcolor)(#FFFAF0) affiliation() article(Overview of rpn files)()() itemization( it() lurl(build) it() lurl(main.cc) it() lurl(main.ih) it() lurl(parser/grammar) it() lurl(parser/lex.cc) it() lurl(parser/Parser.ih) ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpn/main.cc0000664000175000017500000000011314700504612021541 0ustar frankfrank#include "main.ih" int main() { Parser parser; parser.parse(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpn/main.ih0000664000175000017500000000020314700504612021554 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_MAIN_H_ #define _INCLUDED_MAIN_H_ #include #include "parser/Parser.h" using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mfgrammar.yo0000664000175000017500000000032514700504612022036 0ustar frankfrankHere are the grammar rules for the multi-function calculator. Most of them are copied directly from tt(calc). Three rules, mentioning tt(VAR) or tt(FNCT), are new: verbinclude(mfcalc/parser/grammar.rules) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/mftables.yo0000664000175000017500000000322614700504612021665 0ustar frankfrankThe multi-function calculator needs a symbol table for keeping track of the names and meanings of variables and functions. This doesn't affect the grammar rules or the calculator's directives, but it requires that the parser class defines some additional bf(C++) types as well as several additional data members. The symbol table itself varies in size and contents once tt(mfcalc) is used. It is defined as the em(data member) tt(d_symbols) in the Parser's header file. In contrast, the em(function table) has a em(fixed) size and contents. Because of this the function table is defined as a em(static) data member. Both tables are defined as tt(std::unordered_map) containers: their keys are tt(std::string) objects, their values, respecively, tt(double)s and tt(double (*)(double))s. Here is the declaration of tt(d_symbols) and tt(s_functions) as used in tt(mfcalc)'s parser: verb( std::unordered_map d_symbols; static std::unordered_map s_functions; ) As tt(s_functions) is a static member, it can be initialized em(compile time) from an em(array of pairs). To ease the definition of such an array a tt(private using) declaration verb( using FunctionPair = std::pair; ) is added to the parser class, as well as a private array verb( static FunctionPair s_funTab[]; ) These definitions allow us to initialize tt(s_functions) in a separate source file (tt(data.cc)): verbinclude(mfcalc/parser/data.cc) By simply editing the definition of tt(s_funTab), additional functions can be added to the calculator. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/rpndecl.yo0000664000175000017500000000165414700504612021522 0ustar frankfrankHere are the directives that are used for the reverse polish notation calculator. As in bf(C++), end-of-line comments may be used. verbinsert(//DECL rpn/parser/grammar) The grammar file's first (directive) configures b() by specifying the tokens (see section The b() Declarations Section). Each terminal symbol that is not a single-character literal must be declared here (Single-character literals are normally not declared, but are represented by literal character constants). In the current example, all arithmetic operators are designated by single-character literals, so the only terminal symbol that needs to be declared is tt(NUM), the token type for numeric constants. As b() by default uses the type tt(int) as the semantic value type, but a calculator usually uses floating point values the directive tt(%stype double) is used to indicate that the calculator uses `tt(double)' as the type for its semantic values. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/errorcalc/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021470 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/errorcalc/build0000775000175000017500000000045414700504612022520 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash case $1 in (clean) rm -f calc parser/parse.cc parser/Parserbase.h ;; (calc) cd parser bisonc++ -V grammar cd .. g++ -Wall -o calc *.cc */*.cc ;; (*) echo "$0 [clean|calc] to clean or build the calc program" ;; esac bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/errorcalc/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022764 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/errorcalc/parser/lex.cc0000664000175000017500000000155014700504612024064 0ustar frankfrank#include "Parser.ih" /* Lexical scanner returns a double floating point number on the stack and the token NUM, or the ASCII character read if not a number. Skips all blanks and tabs, returns 0 for EOF. */ int Parser::lex() { char c; // get the next non-ws character while ((std::cin.get(c) && c == ' ') || c == '\t') ; if (!std::cin) // no characters were obtained return 0; // indicate End Of Input if (c == '.' || isdigit (c)) // if a digit char was found { std::cin.putback(c); // return the character std::cin >> d_val_; // extract a number return NUM; // return the NUM token } return c; // otherwise return the extracted char. } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/errorcalc/parser/Parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000074114700504612024544 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V6.04.00 on Fri, 20 Mar 2020 15:23:21 +0100 // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. // $insert class.h #include "Parser.h" inline void Parser::error() { std::cerr << "Syntax error\n"; } inline void Parser::print() { } inline void Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } #include //using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/errorcalc/parser/grammar.output0000664000175000017500000001325214700504612025677 0ustar frankfrank[grammar (info)] Line 70: Production Rules: (precedences (shown between parentheses) were set by %prec; are equal to the precedence of the rules' 1st terminal tokens; or (if not shown) are equal to the default (max) precedence) 1: input -> 2: input -> input line 3: line ('\x0a') -> '\x0a' 4: line ('\x0a') -> exp '\x0a' 5: line (errTok_) -> errTok_ '\x0a' 6: exp (NUM) -> NUM 7: exp ('+') -> exp '+' exp 8: exp ('-') -> exp '-' exp 9: exp ('*') -> exp '*' exp 10: exp ('/') -> exp '/' exp 11: exp (NEG) -> '-' exp 12: exp ('^') -> exp '^' exp 13: exp ('(') -> '(' exp ')' 14: input_$ -> input Symbolic Terminal tokens: error EOF 257: NUM 45: '-' 43: '+' 42: '*' 47: '/' 258: NEG 94: '^' 10: '\x0a' 40: '(' 41: ')' Grammar States: State 0: 14: input_$ -> . input 0: On input to state 1 Reduce by 1: input -> . State 1: 14: input_$ -> input . 2: input -> input . line 0: On line to state 2 1: On '\x0a' to state 3 2: On exp to state 4 3: On errTok_ to state 5 4: On NUM to state 6 5: On '-' to state 7 6: On '(' to state 8 State 2: 2: input -> input line . Reduce by 2: input -> input line . State 3: 3: line -> '\x0a' . Reduce by 3: line -> '\x0a' . State 4: 4: line -> exp . '\x0a' 7: exp -> exp . '+' exp 8: exp -> exp . '-' exp 9: exp -> exp . '*' exp 10: exp -> exp . '/' exp 12: exp -> exp . '^' exp 0: On '\x0a' to state 9 1: On '+' to state 10 2: On '-' to state 11 3: On '*' to state 12 4: On '/' to state 13 5: On '^' to state 14 State 5: 5: line -> errTok_ . '\x0a' 0: On '\x0a' to state 15 State 6: 6: exp -> NUM . Reduce by 6: exp -> NUM . State 7: 11: exp -> '-' . exp 0: On exp to state 16 1: On NUM to state 6 2: On '-' to state 7 3: On '(' to state 8 State 8: 13: exp -> '(' . exp ')' 0: On exp to state 17 1: On NUM to state 6 2: On '-' to state 7 3: On '(' to state 8 State 9: 4: line -> exp '\x0a' . Reduce by 4: line -> exp '\x0a' . State 10: 7: exp -> exp '+' . exp 0: On exp to state 18 1: On NUM to state 6 2: On '-' to state 7 3: On '(' to state 8 State 11: 8: exp -> exp '-' . exp 0: On exp to state 19 1: On NUM to state 6 2: On '-' to state 7 3: On '(' to state 8 State 12: 9: exp -> exp '*' . exp 0: On exp to state 20 1: On NUM to state 6 2: On '-' to state 7 3: On '(' to state 8 State 13: 10: exp -> exp '/' . exp 0: On exp to state 21 1: On NUM to state 6 2: On '-' to state 7 3: On '(' to state 8 State 14: 12: exp -> exp '^' . exp 0: On exp to state 22 1: On NUM to state 6 2: On '-' to state 7 3: On '(' to state 8 State 15: 5: line -> errTok_ '\x0a' . Reduce by 5: line -> errTok_ '\x0a' . State 16: 11: exp -> '-' exp . 7: exp -> exp . '+' exp 8: exp -> exp . '-' exp 9: exp -> exp . '*' exp 10: exp -> exp . '/' exp 12: exp -> exp . '^' exp 0 (removed by precedence): On '+' to state 10 1 (removed by precedence): On '-' to state 11 2 (removed by precedence): On '*' to state 12 3 (removed by precedence): On '/' to state 13 4: On '^' to state 14 Reduce by 11: exp -> '-' exp . State 17: 13: exp -> '(' exp . ')' 7: exp -> exp . '+' exp 8: exp -> exp . '-' exp 9: exp -> exp . '*' exp 10: exp -> exp . '/' exp 12: exp -> exp . '^' exp 0: On ')' to state 23 1: On '+' to state 10 2: On '-' to state 11 3: On '*' to state 12 4: On '/' to state 13 5: On '^' to state 14 State 18: 7: exp -> exp '+' exp . 7: exp -> exp . '+' exp 8: exp -> exp . '-' exp 9: exp -> exp . '*' exp 10: exp -> exp . '/' exp 12: exp -> exp . '^' exp 0 (removed by precedence): On '+' to state 10 1 (removed by precedence): On '-' to state 11 2: On '*' to state 12 3: On '/' to state 13 4: On '^' to state 14 Reduce by 7: exp -> exp '+' exp . State 19: 8: exp -> exp '-' exp . 7: exp -> exp . '+' exp 8: exp -> exp . '-' exp 9: exp -> exp . '*' exp 10: exp -> exp . '/' exp 12: exp -> exp . '^' exp 0 (removed by precedence): On '+' to state 10 1 (removed by precedence): On '-' to state 11 2: On '*' to state 12 3: On '/' to state 13 4: On '^' to state 14 Reduce by 8: exp -> exp '-' exp . State 20: 9: exp -> exp '*' exp . 7: exp -> exp . '+' exp 8: exp -> exp . '-' exp 9: exp -> exp . '*' exp 10: exp -> exp . '/' exp 12: exp -> exp . '^' exp 0 (removed by precedence): On '+' to state 10 1 (removed by precedence): On '-' to state 11 2 (removed by precedence): On '*' to state 12 3 (removed by precedence): On '/' to state 13 4: On '^' to state 14 Reduce by 9: exp -> exp '*' exp . State 21: 10: exp -> exp '/' exp . 7: exp -> exp . '+' exp 8: exp -> exp . '-' exp 9: exp -> exp . '*' exp 10: exp -> exp . '/' exp 12: exp -> exp . '^' exp 0 (removed by precedence): On '+' to state 10 1 (removed by precedence): On '-' to state 11 2 (removed by precedence): On '*' to state 12 3 (removed by precedence): On '/' to state 13 4: On '^' to state 14 Reduce by 10: exp -> exp '/' exp . State 22: 12: exp -> exp '^' exp . 7: exp -> exp . '+' exp 8: exp -> exp . '-' exp 9: exp -> exp . '*' exp 10: exp -> exp . '/' exp 12: exp -> exp . '^' exp 0 (removed by precedence): On '+' to state 10 1 (removed by precedence): On '-' to state 11 2 (removed by precedence): On '*' to state 12 3 (removed by precedence): On '/' to state 13 4: On '^' to state 14 Reduce by 12: exp -> exp '^' exp . State 23: 13: exp -> '(' exp ')' . Reduce by 13: exp -> '(' exp ')' . bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/errorcalc/parser/Parser.h0000664000175000017500000000213014700504612024365 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V6.04.00 on Fri, 20 Mar 2020 15:23:21 +0100 #ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // $insert baseclass #include "Parserbase.h" #undef Parser // CAVEAT: between the baseclass-include directive and the // #undef directive in the previous line references to Parser // are read as ParserBase. // If you need to include additional headers in this file // you should do so after these comment-lines. class Parser: public ParserBase { public: Parser() = default; int parse(); private: void error(); // called on (syntax) errors int lex(); // returns the next token from the // lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc); // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextCycle_(); void nextToken_(); void print_(); }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/errorcalc/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000160314700504612024335 0ustar frankfrank%stype double %token NUM %left '-' '+' %left '*' '/' %left NEG // negation--unary minus %right '^' // exponentiation %% input: // empty | input line ; //LINE line: '\n' | exp '\n' { std::cout << "\t" << $1 << '\n'; } | error '\n' ; //= exp: NUM | exp '+' exp { $$ = $1 + $3; } | exp '-' exp { $$ = $1 - $3; } | exp '*' exp { $$ = $1 * $3; } | exp '/' exp { $$ = $1 / $3; } | '-' exp %prec NEG { $$ = -$2; } | // Exponentiation: exp '^' exp { $$ = pow($1, $3); } | '(' exp ')' { $$ = $2; } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/errorcalc/calc.cc0000664000175000017500000000020514700504612022676 0ustar frankfrank/* calc.cc */ #include "calc.h" int main() { Parser parser; parser.parse(); return 0; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/demos/errorcalc/calc.h0000664000175000017500000000020314700504612022536 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_CALC_H_ #define _INCLUDED_CALC_H_ #include #include "parser/Parser.h" using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/version.yo0000664000175000017500000000005714700504612020445 0ustar frankfrankSUBST(DOCVERSION)(0.98.003) SUBST(YEARS)(2005) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020373 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/specifying.yo0000664000175000017500000000163114700504612023105 0ustar frankfrankB() allows you to specify these choices with the operator precedence directives tt(%left) and tt(%right). Each such directive contains a list of tokens, which are operators whose precedence and associativity is being declared. The tt(%left) directive makes all those operators left-associative and the tt(%right) directive makes them right-associative. A third alternative is tt(%nonassoc), which declares that it is a syntax error to find the same operator twice `in a row'. Actually, tt(%nonassoc) is not currently (0.98.004) punished that way by b(). Instead, tt(%nonassoc) and tt(%left) are handled identically. The relative precedence of different operators is controlled by the order in which they are declared. The first tt(%left) or tt(%right) directive in the file declares the operators whose precedence is lowest, the next such directive declares the operators whose precedence is a little higher, and so on. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/example/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022026 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/example/demo.cc0000664000175000017500000000011414700504612023255 0ustar frankfrank#include "Parser.h" int main() { Parser parser; parser.parse(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/example/grammar.output0000664000175000017500000000444014700504612024740 0ustar frankfrank Production Rules: 1: start -> start expr 2: start -> 3: expr -> NR 4: expr -> expr '+' expr 5: start_$ -> start Symbolic Terminal tokens: error EOF 257: NR 43: '+' FIRST sets: start: { NR } expr: { NR } start_$: { NR } FOLLOW sets: start: { NR } expr: { NR '+' } start_$: { } Grammar States: For each state information like the following is shown for its items: 0: [P1 1] S -> C . C { } 0 which should be read as follows: 0: The item's index [P1 1]: The rule (production) number and current dot-position S -> C . C: The item (lhs -> Recognized-symbols . symbols-to-recognize) { } The item's lookahead (LA) set 0 The next-element (shown below the items) describing the action associated with this item (-1 for reducible items) The Next tables show entries like: 0: On C to state 5 with (0 ) meaning: 0: The Next table's index On C to state 5: When C was recognized, continue at state 5 with (0 ) The item(s) whose dot is shifted at the next state Also, reduction item(s) may be listed State 0: 0: [P5 0] start_$ -> . start { } 0 1: [P1 0] start -> . start expr { NR } 0 2: [P2 0] start -> . { NR } 1, () -1 0: On start to state 1 with (0 1 ) Reduce item(s): 2 State 1: 0: [P5 1] start_$ -> start . { } -1 1: [P1 1] start -> start . expr { NR } 0 2: [P3 0] expr -> . NR { NR '+' } 1 3: [P4 0] expr -> . expr '+' expr { NR '+' } 0 0: On expr to state 2 with (1 3 ) 1: On NR to state 3 with (2 ) State 2: 0: [P1 2] start -> start expr . { NR } -1 1: [P4 1] expr -> expr . '+' expr { NR '+' } 0 0: On '+' to state 4 with (1 ) Reduce item(s): 0 State 3: 0: [P3 1] expr -> NR . { NR '+' } -1 Reduce item(s): 0 State 4: 0: [P4 2] expr -> expr '+' . expr { NR '+' } 0 1: [P3 0] expr -> . NR { NR '+' } 1 2: [P4 0] expr -> . expr '+' expr { NR '+' } 0 0: On expr to state 5 with (0 2 ) 1: On NR to state 3 with (1 ) State 5: 0: [P4 3] expr -> expr '+' expr . { NR '+' } -1 1: [P4 1] expr -> expr . '+' expr { NR '+' } 0 0: Reduce item(s): 0 bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/example/Parser.h0000664000175000017500000000202514700504612023432 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // $insert baseclass #include "Parserbase.h" #include #include #undef Parser class Parser: public ParserBase { public: int parse(); private: void error(char const *msg); // called on (syntax) errors int lex(); // returns the next token from the // lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc // support functions for parse(): void executeAction(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery(); int lookup(bool recovery); void nextToken(); }; inline void Parser::error(char const *msg) { std::cerr << msg << '\n'; } // $insert lex inline void Parser::print() // use d_token, d_loc {} inline int Parser::lex() { std::string word; std::cin >> word; if (std::cin.eof()) return 0; if (isdigit(word[0])) return NR; return word[0]; } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/example/grammar0000664000175000017500000000014514700504612023377 0ustar frankfrank%token NR %left '+' %% start: start expr | // empty ; expr: NR | expr '+' expr ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/howprec.yo0000664000175000017500000000170414700504612022415 0ustar frankfrankThe first effect of the precedence directives is to assign precedence levels to the terminal symbols declared. The second effect is to assign precedence levels to certain rules: each rule gets its precedence from the last terminal symbol mentioned in the components. (You can also specify explicitly the precedence of a rule. See section ref(CONDEP)). Finally, the resolution of conflicts works by comparing the precedence of the rule being considered with that of the look-ahead token. If the token's precedence is higher, the choice is to shift. If the rule's precedence is higher, the choice is to reduce. If they have equal precedence, the choice is made based on the associativity of that precedence level. The verbose output file made by `tt(-V)' (see section ref(INVOKING)) shows how each conflict was resolved. Not all rules and not all tokens have precedence. If either the rule or the look-ahead token has no precedence, then the default is to shift. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/lookaheads.yo0000664000175000017500000000401514700504612023056 0ustar frankfrankIn the previous section a grammar was discussed whose fifth state contained two items: one resulting in a shift-action, the other resulting in a reduce-action. This state contained these two items: itemization( it() item 0: tt(expr -> expr '+' expr .) it() item 1: tt(expr -> expr . '+' expr) ) Although this state in theory defines two different actions, in practice only one is used. This is a direct consequence of the tt(%left '+') specification, which is explained in this and the next section. When analyzing a grammar all states that can be reached from the augmented start rule are determined. In the current grammar's fifth state b() must decide which action to take: should it shift on tt('+') or should it reduce according to the item `tt(expr -> expr '+' expr .)'? What choice will b() make? Here the fact that b() implements a parser for a em(Look Ahead Left to Right (1)) (LALR(1)) grammar becomes relevant. B() computes em(look-ahead sets) to determine which alternative to select when confronted with a choice. The look-ahead set can be used to favor one action over another when generating tables for the parsing function. Sometimes the look-ahead sets allow b() simply to remove one action from the set of possible actions. When b() is called to process the example grammar while specifying the tt(--construction) option state five em(only) shows the reduction and em(not) the shifting action, as b() has removed that latter action from the action set. In state five the choice is between shifting a tt('+') token on the stack, or reducing the stack according to the rule verb( expr -> expr '+' expr ) Here, as we will shortly see, the tt('+') is em(also) an element of the em(look-ahead set) of the reducible item, creating a conflict: what to do on tt('+')? In this case the grammar designer has provided b() with a way out: the tt(%left) directive tells b() to favor a reduction over a shift, and so it removed tt(expr -> expr . '+' expr) from its set of actions in state five. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/mysterious.yo0000664000175000017500000000614314700504612023173 0ustar frankfrankSometimes reduce/reduce conflicts occur that are puzzling at first sight. Here is an example: verb( %token ID %% def: param_spec return_spec ',' ; param_spec: type | name_list ':' type ; return_spec: type | name ':' type ; type: ID ; name: ID ; name_list: name | name ',' name_list ; ) It would seem that this grammar can be parsed with only a single look-ahead token: when a param_spec is being read, an tt(ID) is a tt(name) if a comma or colon follows, or a tt(type) if another tt(ID) follows. In other words, this grammar is LR(1). However, b(), like most parser generators, cannot actually handle all LR(1) grammars. In this grammar two contexts, one after an tt(ID) at the beginning of a tt(param_spec) and another one at the beginning of a tt(return_spec), are similar enough for b() to assume that they are identical. They appear similar because the same set of rules would be active--the rule for reducing to a name and that for reducing to a type. B() is unable to determine at that stage of processing that the rules would require different look-ahead tokens in the two contexts, so it makes a single parser state for them both. Combining the two contexts causes a conflict later. In parser terminology, this occurrence means that the grammar is not LALR(1). In general, it is better to fix deficiencies than to document them. But this particular deficiency is intrinsically hard to fix; parser generators that can handle LR(1) grammars are hard to write and tend to produce parsers that are very large. In practice, b() is more useful the way it's currently operating. When the problem arises, you can often fix it by identifying the two parser states that are being confused, and adding something to make them look distinct. In the above example, adding one rule to tt(return_spec) as follows makes the problem go away: verb( %token BOGUS ... %% ... return_spec: type | name ':' type | ID BOGUS // This rule is never used. ; ) This corrects the problem because it introduces the possibility of an additional active rule in the context after the tt(ID) at the beginning of tt(return_spec). This rule is not active in the corresponding context in a tt(param_spec), so the two contexts receive distinct parser states. As long as the token tt(BOGUS) is never generated by the parser's member function tt(lex()), the added rule cannot alter the way actual input is parsed. In this particular example, there is another way to solve the problem: rewrite the rule for tt(return_spec) to use tt(ID) directly instead of via name. This also causes the two confusing contexts to have different sets of active rules, because the one for tt(return_spec) activates the altered rule for tt(return_spec) rather than the one for name. verb( param_spec: type | name_list ':' type ; return_spec: type | ID ':' type ; ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/conflicts.yo0000664000175000017500000001000314700504612022722 0ustar frankfrankSuppose we are parsing a language which has tt(if) and tt(if-else) statements, with a pair of rules like this: verb( if_stmt: IF '(' expr ')' stmt | IF '(' expr ')' stmt ELSE stmt ; ) Here we assume that tt(IF) and tt(ELSE) are terminal symbols for specific keywords, and that tt(expr) and tt(stmnt) are defined nonterminals. When the tt(ELSE) token is read and becomes the look-ahead token, the contents of the stack (assuming the input is valid) are just right for em(reduction) by the first rule. But it is also legitimate to em(shift) the tt(ELSE), because that would lead to eventual reduction by the second rule. This situation, where either a shift or a reduction would be valid, is called a tt(shift/reduce) conflict. B() is designed to resolve these conflicts by em(implementing) a shift, unless otherwise directed by operator precedence declarations. To see the reason for this, let's contrast it with the other alternative. Since the parser prefers to shift the tt(ELSE), the result is to attach the em(else-clause) to the innermost if-statement, making these two inputs equivalent: verb( if (x) if (y) then win(); else lose(); if (x) { if (y) then win(); else lose(); } ) But if the parser would perform a em(reduction) whenever possible rather than a em(shift), the result would be to attach the em(else-clause) to the outermost if-statement, making these two inputs equivalent: verb( if (x) if (y) then win(); else lose(); if (x) { if (y) win(); } else lose(); ) The conflict exists because the grammar as written is em(ambiguous): em(either) parsing of the simple nested if-statement is legitimate. The established convention is that these ambiguities are resolved by attaching the else-clause to the innermost if-statement; this is what b() accomplishes by implementing a shift rather than a reduce. This particular ambiguity was first encountered in the specifications of Algol 60 and is called the em(dangling else) ambiguity. To avoid warnings from b() about predictable, legitimate shift/reduce conflicts, use the tt(%expect n) directive. There will be no warning as long as the number of shift/reduce conflicts is exactly tt(n). See section ref(EXPECT). The definition of tt(if_stmt) above is solely to blame for the conflict, but the plain tt(stmnt) rule, consisting of two recursive alternatives will of course never be able to match actual input, since there's no way for the grammar to eventually derive a sentence this way. Adding one non-recursive alternative is enough to convert the grammar into one that em(does) derive sentences. Here is a complete b() input file that actually shows the conflict: verbinclude(demos/dangling) Looking again at the dangling else problem note that there are multiple ways to handle tt(stmnt) productions. Depending on the particular input that is provided it could either be reduced to a tt(stmt) or the parser could continue to consume input by processing an tt(ELSE) token, eventually resulting in the recognition of tt(IF '(' VAR ')' stmt ELSE stmt) as a tt(stmt). There is little we can do but resorting to tt(%expect) to handle the dangling else problem. The default handling is what most people intuitively expect and so in this case using tt(%expect 1) is an easy way to prevent b() from reporting a shift/reduce conflict. But shift/reduce conflicts are most often solved by specifying disambiguating rules specifying priorities or associations, usually in the context of arithmetic expressions, as discussed in the next sections. However, shift-reduce conflicts can also be observed in grammars where a state contains items that could be reduced to a certain nonterminal and items in which a shift is possible in an item of a production rule of a completely different nonterminal. Here is an example of such a grammar: verbinclude(demos/peculiar) Why these grammars show shift reduce conflicts and how these are solved is discussed in the next section. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/ruleprec.yo0000664000175000017500000000455314700504612022574 0ustar frankfrankConsider the following (somewhat peculiar) grammar: verbinclude(demos/peculiar) Even though operator precedence and association rules are used the grammar still displays a shift/reduce conflict. One of the grammar's states consists of the following two items: verb( 0: expr -> term . 1: term -> term . '*' factor ) and b() reduces to item 0, dropping item 1 rather than shifting a tt('*') and proceeding with item 0. When considering states where shift/reduce conflicts are encountered the `shiftable' items of these states shift when encountering terminal tokens that are also in the follow sets of the reducible items of these states. In the above example item 1 shifts when tt('*') is encountered, but tt('*') is also an element of the set of look-ahead tokens of item 0. B() must now decide what to do. In cases we've seen earlier b() could make the decision because the reducible item itself had a well known precedence. The precedence of a reducible item is defined as the precedence of the rule's LHS. Item 0 in the above example is an item of the rule tt(expr -> term). The precedence of a production rule is defined as follows: itemization( it() If tt(%prec) is used then the precedence of the production rule is equal to the precedence of the terminal that is specified with the tt(%prec) directive; it() If tt(%prec) is not used then the production rule's precedence is equal to the precedence of the first terminal token that is used in the production rule; it() In all other cases the production rule's precedence is set to the maximum possible precedence. ) Since tt(expr -> term) does not contain a terminal token and does not use tt(%prec), its precedence is the maximum possible precedence. Consequently in the above state the shift/reduce conflict is solved by em(reducing) rather than shifting. Some final remark as to why the above grammar is peculiar. It is peculiar as it combines precedence and association specifying directives with auxiliary nonterminals that may be useful conceptually (or when implementing an expression parser `by hand') but which are not required when defining grammars for b(). The following grammar does not use tt(term) and tt(factor) but recognizes the same grammar as the above `peculiar' grammar without reporting any shift/reduce conflict: verbinclude(demos/notpeculiar) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/transition.yo0000664000175000017500000000627414700504612023147 0ustar frankfrankOnce b() has successfully analyzed the grammar it generates the tables that are used by the parsing function to parse input according to the provided grammar. Each state results in a em(state transition table). For the example grammar used so far there are five states. Each table consists of rows having two elements. The meaning of the elements depends on their position in the table. itemization( it() For the em(first) row, itemization( it() the first element indicates the em(type) of the state. The following types are recognized: table(2)(ll)( row(cell(NORMAL)cell(Despite its name, it's not used)) row(cell(ERR_ITEM)cell(The state allows error recovery)) row(cell(REQ_TOKEN)cell(The state requires a token nl() (which may already be available))) row(cell(ERR_REQ)cell(combines ERR_ITEM and REQ_TOKEN)) row(cell(DEF_RED)cell(This state has a default reduction)) row(cell(ERR_DEF)cell(combines ERR_ITEM and DEF_RED)) row(cell(REQ_DEF)cell(combines REQ_TOKEN and DEF_RED)) row(cell(ERR_REQ_DEF)cell(combines ERR_ITEM, REQ_TOKEN and DEF_RED)) ) it() the second element indicates the index of the table's last element. ) it() For the em(last) row, itemization( it() the first element stores the current token (it is not used when the option tt(--thread-safe) was specified) it() the second element defines the action to perform. A positive value indicates a shift to the indicated state; a negative value a reduction according to the indicated rule number, disregarding its sign (note that it's rule em(number), rather than rule em(offset); zero indicates the input is accepted as correct according to the parser's grammar. ) it() For all intermediate remaining rows: the first element stores the value of a required token for the action specified in the second element, similar to the way an action is specified in the last row. Symbolic values (like tt(PARSE_ACCEPT) rather than 0) may be used as well. ) ) Here are the tables defining the five states of the example grammar as they are generated by b() in the file containing the parsing function: verb( SR_ s_0[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 2} }, { { 258}, { 1} }, // start { { 0}, { -2} }, }; SR_ s_1[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 4} }, { { 259}, { 2} }, // expr { { 257}, { 3} }, // NR { { EOF_}, { PARSE_ACCEPT} }, { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_2[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 2} }, { { 43}, { 4} }, // '+' { { 0}, { -1} }, }; SR_ s_3[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -3} }, }; SR_ s_4[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 3} }, { { 259}, { 5} }, // expr { { 257}, { 3} }, // NR { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_5[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -4} }, }; ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/demos/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021502 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/demos/rr10000664000175000017500000000054314700504612022133 0ustar frankfrank%stype char * %token WORD %% sequence: // empty { cout << "empty sequence\n"; } | maybeword | sequence WORD { cout << "added word " << $2 << endl; } ; maybeword: // empty { cout << "empty maybeword\n"; } | WORD { cout << "single word " << $1 << endl; } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/demos/Parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000056014700504612023261 0ustar frankfrank // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. // $insert class.h #include "Parser.h" // Add below here any includes etc. that are only // required for the compilation of Parser's sources. // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // symbols from the namespace std without specifying std:: //using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/demos/rr1.tab.c0000664000175000017500000007027014700504612023125 0ustar frankfrank/* A Bison parser, made from rr1, by GNU bison 1.75. */ /* Skeleton parser for Yacc-like parsing with Bison, Copyright (C) 1984, 1989, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */ /* As a special exception, when this file is copied by Bison into a Bison output file, you may use that output file without restriction. This special exception was added by the Free Software Foundation in version 1.24 of Bison. */ /* Written by Richard Stallman by simplifying the original so called ``semantic'' parser. */ /* All symbols defined below should begin with yy or YY, to avoid infringing on user name space. This should be done even for local variables, as they might otherwise be expanded by user macros. There are some unavoidable exceptions within include files to define necessary library symbols; they are noted "INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE" below. */ /* Identify Bison output. */ #define YYBISON 1 /* Pure parsers. */ #define YYPURE 0 /* Using locations. */ #define YYLSP_NEEDED 0 /* Tokens. */ #ifndef YYTOKENTYPE # define YYTOKENTYPE /* Put the tokens into the symbol table, so that GDB and other debuggers know about them. */ enum yytokentype { WORD = 258 }; #endif #define WORD 258 /* Copy the first part of user declarations. */ #line 1 "rr1" #define YYSSTYPE char * /* Enabling traces. */ #ifndef YYDEBUG # define YYDEBUG 0 #endif /* Enabling verbose error messages. */ #ifdef YYERROR_VERBOSE # undef YYERROR_VERBOSE # define YYERROR_VERBOSE 1 #else # define YYERROR_VERBOSE 0 #endif #ifndef YYSTYPE typedef int yystype; # define YYSTYPE yystype # define YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL 1 #endif #ifndef YYLTYPE typedef struct yyltype { int first_line; int first_column; int last_line; int last_column; } yyltype; # define YYLTYPE yyltype # define YYLTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL 1 #endif /* Copy the second part of user declarations. */ /* Line 213 of /usr/share/bison/yacc.c. */ #line 103 "rr1.tab.c" #if ! defined (yyoverflow) || YYERROR_VERBOSE /* The parser invokes alloca or malloc; define the necessary symbols. */ # if YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA # define YYSTACK_ALLOC alloca # else # ifndef YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA # if defined (alloca) || defined (_ALLOCA_H) # define YYSTACK_ALLOC alloca # else # ifdef _GNUC_ # define YYSTACK_ALLOC _builtin_alloca # endif # endif # endif # endif # ifdef YYSTACK_ALLOC /* Pacify GCC's `empty if-body' warning. */ # define YYSTACK_FREE(Ptr) do { /* empty */; } while (0) # else # if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) # include /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */ # define YYSIZE_T size_t # endif # define YYSTACK_ALLOC malloc # define YYSTACK_FREE free # endif #endif /* ! defined (yyoverflow) || YYERROR_VERBOSE */ #if (! defined (yyoverflow) \ && (! defined (_cplusplus) \ || (YYLTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL && YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL))) /* A type that is properly aligned for any stack member. */ union yyalloc { short yyss; YYSTYPE yyvs; }; /* The size of the maximum gap between one aligned stack and the next. */ # define YYSTACK_GAP_MAX (sizeof (union yyalloc) - 1) /* The size of an array large to enough to hold all stacks, each with N elements. */ # define YYSTACK_BYTES(N) \ ((N) * (sizeof (short) + sizeof (YYSTYPE)) \ + YYSTACK_GAP_MAX) /* Copy COUNT objects from FROM to TO. The source and destination do not overlap. */ # ifndef YYCOPY # if 1 < _GNUC_ # define YYCOPY(To, From, Count) \ _builtin_memcpy (To, From, (Count) * sizeof (*(From))) # else # define YYCOPY(To, From, Count) \ do \ { \ register YYSIZE_T yyi; \ for (yyi = 0; yyi < (Count); yyi++) \ (To)[yyi] = (From)[yyi]; \ } \ while (0) # endif # endif /* Relocate STACK from its old location to the new one. The local variables YYSIZE and YYSTACKSIZE give the old and new number of elements in the stack, and YYPTR gives the new location of the stack. Advance YYPTR to a properly aligned location for the next stack. */ # define YYSTACK_RELOCATE(Stack) \ do \ { \ YYSIZE_T yynewbytes; \ YYCOPY (&yyptr->Stack, Stack, yysize); \ Stack = &yyptr->Stack; \ yynewbytes = yystacksize * sizeof (*Stack) + YYSTACK_GAP_MAX; \ yyptr += yynewbytes / sizeof (*yyptr); \ } \ while (0) #endif #if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) typedef signed char yysigned_char; #else typedef short yysigned_char; #endif /* YYFINAL -- State number of the termination state. */ #define YYFINAL 4 #define YYLAST 3 /* YYNTOKENS -- Number of terminals. */ #define YYNTOKENS 4 /* YYNNTS -- Number of nonterminals. */ #define YYNNTS 3 /* YYNRULES -- Number of rules. */ #define YYNRULES 6 /* YYNRULES -- Number of states. */ #define YYNSTATES 6 /* YYTRANSLATE(YYLEX) -- Bison symbol number corresponding to YYLEX. */ #define YYUNDEFTOK 2 #define YYMAXUTOK 258 #define YYTRANSLATE(X) \ ((size_t)(X) <= YYMAXUTOK ? yytranslate[X] : YYUNDEFTOK) /* YYTRANSLATE[YYLEX] -- Bison symbol number corresponding to YYLEX. */ static const size_t char yytranslate[] = { 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3 }; #if YYDEBUG /* YYPRHS[YYN] -- Index of the first RHS symbol of rule number YYN in YYRHS. */ static const size_t char yyprhs[] = { 0, 0, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10 }; /* YYRHS -- A `-1'-separated list of the rules' RHS. */ static const yysigned_char yyrhs[] = { 5, 0, -1, -1, 6, -1, 5, 3, -1, -1, 3, -1 }; /* YYRLINE[YYN] -- source line where rule number YYN was defined. */ static const size_t char yyrline[] = { 0, 9, 9, 14, 16, 23, 28 }; #endif #if YYDEBUG || YYERROR_VERBOSE /* YYTNME[SYMBOL-NUM] -- String name of the symbol SYMBOL-NUM. First, the terminals, then, starting at YYNTOKENS, nonterminals. */ static const char *const yytname[] = { "$end", "error", "$undefined", "WORD", "$accept", "sequence", "maybeword", 0 }; #endif # ifdef YYPRINT /* YYTOKNUM[YYLEX-NUM] -- Internal token number corresponding to token YYLEX-NUM. */ static const size_t short yytoknum[] = { 0, 256, 257, 258 }; # endif /* YYR1[YYN] -- Symbol number of symbol that rule YYN derives. */ static const size_t char yyr1[] = { 0, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6 }; /* YYR2[YYN] -- Number of symbols composing right hand side of rule YYN. */ static const size_t char yyr2[] = { 0, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1 }; /* YYDEFACT[STATE-NAME] -- Default rule to reduce with in state STATE-NUM when YYTABLE doesn't specify something else to do. Zero means the default is an error. */ static const size_t char yydefact[] = { 2, 6, 0, 3, 1, 4 }; /* YYDEFGOTO[NTERM-NUM]. */ static const yysigned_char yydefgoto[] = { -1, 2, 3 }; /* YYPACT[STATE-NUM] -- Index in YYTABLE of the portion describing STATE-NUM. */ #define YYPACT_NINF -3 static const yysigned_char yypact[] = { -2, -3, 0, -3, -3, -3 }; /* YYPGOTO[NTERM-NUM]. */ static const yysigned_char yypgoto[] = { -3, -3, -3 }; /* YYTABLE[YYPACT[STATE-NUM]]. What to do in state STATE-NUM. If positive, shift that token. If negative, reduce the rule which number is the opposite. If zero, do what YYDEFACT says. If YYTABLE_NINF, parse error. */ #define YYTABLE_NINF -1 static const size_t char yytable[] = { 4, 1, 0, 5 }; static const yysigned_char yycheck[] = { 0, 3, -1, 3 }; /* YYSTOS[STATE-NUM] -- The (internal number of the) accessing symbol of state STATE-NUM. */ static const size_t char yystos[] = { 0, 3, 5, 6, 0, 3 }; #if ! defined (YYSIZE_T) && defined (_SIZE_TYPE_) # define YYSIZE_T _SIZE_TYPE_ #endif #if ! defined (YYSIZE_T) && defined (size_t) # define YYSIZE_T size_t #endif #if ! defined (YYSIZE_T) # if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) # include /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */ # define YYSIZE_T size_t # endif #endif #if ! defined (YYSIZE_T) # define YYSIZE_T size_t int #endif #define yyerrok (yyerrstatus = 0) #define yyclearin (yychar = YYEMPTY) #define YYEMPTY -2 #define YYEOF 0 #define YYACCEPT goto yyacceptlab #define YYABORT goto yyabortlab #define YYERROR goto yyerrlab1 /* Like YYERROR except do call yyerror. This remains here temporarily to ease the transition to the new meaning of YYERROR, for GCC. Once GCC version 2 has supplanted version 1, this can go. */ #define YYFAIL goto yyerrlab #define YYRECOVERING() (!!yyerrstatus) #define YYBACKUP(Token, Value) \ do \ if (yychar == YYEMPTY && yylen == 1) \ { \ yychar = (Token); \ yylval = (Value); \ yychar1 = YYTRANSLATE (yychar); \ YYPOPSTACK; \ goto yybackup; \ } \ else \ { \ yyerror ("syntax error: cannot back up"); \ YYERROR; \ } \ while (0) #define YYTERROR 1 #define YYERRCODE 256 /* YYLLOC_DEFAULT -- Compute the default location (before the actions are run). */ #ifndef YYLLOC_DEFAULT # define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Current, Rhs, N) \ Current.first_line = Rhs[1].first_line; \ Current.first_column = Rhs[1].first_column; \ Current.last_line = Rhs[N].last_line; \ Current.last_column = Rhs[N].last_column; #endif /* YYLEX -- calling `yylex' with the right arguments. */ #define YYLEX yylex () /* Enable debugging if requested. */ #if YYDEBUG # ifndef YYFPRINTF # include /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */ # define YYFPRINTF fprintf # endif # define YYDPRINTF(Args) \ do { \ if (yydebug) \ YYFPRINTF Args; \ } while (0) # define YYDSYMPRINT(Args) \ do { \ if (yydebug) \ yysymprint Args; \ } while (0) /* Nonzero means print parse trace. It is left uninitialized so that multiple parsers can coexist. */ int yydebug; #else /* !YYDEBUG */ # define YYDPRINTF(Args) # define YYDSYMPRINT(Args) #endif /* !YYDEBUG */ /* YYINITDEPTH -- initial size of the parser's stacks. */ #ifndef YYINITDEPTH # define YYINITDEPTH 200 #endif /* YYMAXDEPTH -- maximum size the stacks can grow to (effective only if the built-in stack extension method is used). Do not make this value too large; the results are undefined if SIZE_MAX < YYSTACK_BYTES (YYMAXDEPTH) evaluated with infinite-precision integer arithmetic. */ #if YYMAXDEPTH == 0 # undef YYMAXDEPTH #endif #ifndef YYMAXDEPTH # define YYMAXDEPTH 10000 #endif #if YYERROR_VERBOSE # ifndef yystrlen # if defined (_GLIBC_) && defined (_STRING_H) # define yystrlen strlen # else /* Return the length of YYSTR. */ static YYSIZE_T # if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) yystrlen (const char *yystr) # else yystrlen (yystr) const char *yystr; # endif { register const char *yys = yystr; while (*yys++ != '\0') continue; return yys - yystr - 1; } # endif # endif # ifndef yystpcpy # if defined (_GLIBC_) && defined (_STRING_H) && defined (_GNU_SOURCE) # define yystpcpy stpcpy # else /* Copy YYSRC to YYDEST, returning the address of the terminating '\0' in YYDEST. */ static char * # if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) yystpcpy (char *yydest, const char *yysrc) # else yystpcpy (yydest, yysrc) char *yydest; const char *yysrc; # endif { register char *yyd = yydest; register const char *yys = yysrc; while ((*yyd++ = *yys++) != '\0') continue; return yyd - 1; } # endif # endif #endif /* !YYERROR_VERBOSE */ #if YYDEBUG /*-----------------------------. | Print this symbol on YYOUT. | `-----------------------------*/ static void #if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) yysymprint (FILE* yyout, int yytype, YYSTYPE yyvalue) #else yysymprint (yyout, yytype, yyvalue) FILE* yyout; int yytype; YYSTYPE yyvalue; #endif { /* Pacify ``unused variable'' warnings. */ (void) yyvalue; if (yytype < YYNTOKENS) { YYFPRINTF (yyout, "token %s (", yytname[yytype]); # ifdef YYPRINT YYPRINT (yyout, yytoknum[yytype], yyvalue); # endif } else YYFPRINTF (yyout, "nterm %s (", yytname[yytype]); switch (yytype) { default: break; } YYFPRINTF (yyout, ")"); } #endif /* YYDEBUG. */ /*-----------------------------------------------. | Release the memory associated to this symbol. | `-----------------------------------------------*/ static void #if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) yydestruct (int yytype, YYSTYPE yyvalue) #else yydestruct (yytype, yyvalue) int yytype; YYSTYPE yyvalue; #endif { /* Pacify ``unused variable'' warnings. */ (void) yyvalue; switch (yytype) { default: break; } } /* The user can define YYPARSE_PARAM as the name of an argument to be passed into yyparse. The argument should have type void *. It should actually point to an object. Grammar actions can access the variable by casting it to the proper pointer type. */ #ifdef YYPARSE_PARAM # if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) # define YYPARSE_PARAM_ARG void *YYPARSE_PARAM # define YYPARSE_PARAM_DECL # else # define YYPARSE_PARAM_ARG YYPARSE_PARAM # define YYPARSE_PARAM_DECL void *YYPARSE_PARAM; # endif #else /* !YYPARSE_PARAM */ # define YYPARSE_PARAM_ARG # define YYPARSE_PARAM_DECL #endif /* !YYPARSE_PARAM */ /* Prevent warning if -Wstrict-prototypes. */ #ifdef _GNUC_ # ifdef YYPARSE_PARAM int yyparse (void *); # else int yyparse (void); # endif #endif /* The lookahead symbol. */ int yychar; /* The semantic value of the lookahead symbol. */ YYSTYPE yylval; /* Number of parse errors so far. */ int yynerrs; int yyparse (YYPARSE_PARAM_ARG) YYPARSE_PARAM_DECL { register int yystate; register int yyn; int yyresult; /* Number of tokens to shift before error messages enabled. */ int yyerrstatus; /* Lookahead token as an internal (translated) token number. */ int yychar1 = 0; /* Three stacks and their tools: `yyss': related to states, `yyvs': related to semantic values, `yyls': related to locations. Refer to the stacks thru separate pointers, to allow yyoverflow to reallocate them elsewhere. */ /* The state stack. */ short yyssa[YYINITDEPTH]; short *yyss = yyssa; register short *yyssp; /* The semantic value stack. */ YYSTYPE yyvsa[YYINITDEPTH]; YYSTYPE *yyvs = yyvsa; register YYSTYPE *yyvsp; #define YYPOPSTACK (yyvsp--, yyssp--) YYSIZE_T yystacksize = YYINITDEPTH; /* The variables used to return semantic value and location from the action routines. */ YYSTYPE yyval; /* When reducing, the number of symbols on the RHS of the reduced rule. */ int yylen; YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Starting parse\n")); yystate = 0; yyerrstatus = 0; yynerrs = 0; yychar = YYEMPTY; /* Cause a token to be read. */ /* Initialize stack pointers. Waste one element of value and location stack so that they stay on the same level as the state stack. The wasted elements are never initialized. */ yyssp = yyss; yyvsp = yyvs; goto yysetstate; /*------------------------------------------------------------. | yynewstate -- Push a new state, which is found in yystate. | `------------------------------------------------------------*/ yynewstate: /* In all cases, when you get here, the value and location stacks have just been pushed. so pushing a state here evens the stacks. */ yyssp++; yysetstate: *yyssp = yystate; if (yyssp >= yyss + yystacksize - 1) { /* Get the current used size of the three stacks, in elements. */ YYSIZE_T yysize = yyssp - yyss + 1; #ifdef yyoverflow { /* Give user a chance to reallocate the stack. Use copies of these so that the &'s don't force the real ones into memory. */ YYSTYPE *yyvs1 = yyvs; short *yyss1 = yyss; /* Each stack pointer address is followed by the size of the data in use in that stack, in bytes. This used to be a conditional around just the two extra args, but that might be undefined if yyoverflow is a macro. */ yyoverflow ("parser stack overflow", &yyss1, yysize * sizeof (*yyssp), &yyvs1, yysize * sizeof (*yyvsp), &yystacksize); yyss = yyss1; yyvs = yyvs1; } #else /* no yyoverflow */ # ifndef YYSTACK_RELOCATE goto yyoverflowlab; # else /* Extend the stack our own way. */ if (yystacksize >= YYMAXDEPTH) goto yyoverflowlab; yystacksize *= 2; if (yystacksize > YYMAXDEPTH) yystacksize = YYMAXDEPTH; { short *yyss1 = yyss; union yyalloc *yyptr = (union yyalloc *) YYSTACK_ALLOC (YYSTACK_BYTES (yystacksize)); if (! yyptr) goto yyoverflowlab; YYSTACK_RELOCATE (yyss); YYSTACK_RELOCATE (yyvs); # undef YYSTACK_RELOCATE if (yyss1 != yyssa) YYSTACK_FREE (yyss1); } # endif #endif /* no yyoverflow */ yyssp = yyss + yysize - 1; yyvsp = yyvs + yysize - 1; YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Stack size increased to %lu\n", (size_t long int) yystacksize)); if (yyssp >= yyss + yystacksize - 1) YYABORT; } YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Entering state %d\n", yystate)); goto yybackup; /*-----------. | yybackup. | `-----------*/ yybackup: /* Do appropriate processing given the current state. */ /* Read a lookahead token if we need one and don't already have one. */ /* yyresume: */ /* First try to decide what to do without reference to lookahead token. */ yyn = yypact[yystate]; if (yyn == YYPACT_NINF) goto yydefault; /* Not known => get a lookahead token if don't already have one. */ /* yychar is either YYEMPTY or YYEOF or a valid token in external form. */ if (yychar == YYEMPTY) { YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Reading a token: ")); yychar = YYLEX; } /* Convert token to internal form (in yychar1) for indexing tables with. */ if (yychar <= 0) /* This means end of input. */ { yychar1 = 0; yychar = YYEOF; /* Don't call YYLEX any more. */ YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Now at end of input.\n")); } else { yychar1 = YYTRANSLATE (yychar); /* We have to keep this `#if YYDEBUG', since we use variables which are defined only if `YYDEBUG' is set. */ YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Next token is ")); YYDSYMPRINT ((stderr, yychar1, yylval)); YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "\n")); } /* If the proper action on seeing token YYCHAR1 is to reduce or to detect an error, take that action. */ yyn += yychar1; if (yyn < 0 || YYLAST < yyn || yycheck[yyn] != yychar1) goto yydefault; yyn = yytable[yyn]; if (yyn <= 0) { if (yyn == 0 || yyn == YYTABLE_NINF) goto yyerrlab; yyn = -yyn; goto yyreduce; } if (yyn == YYFINAL) YYACCEPT; /* Shift the lookahead token. */ YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Shifting token %d (%s), ", yychar, yytname[yychar1])); /* Discard the token being shifted unless it is eof. */ if (yychar != YYEOF) yychar = YYEMPTY; *++yyvsp = yylval; /* Count tokens shifted since error; after three, turn off error status. */ if (yyerrstatus) yyerrstatus--; yystate = yyn; goto yynewstate; /*-----------------------------------------------------------. | yydefault -- do the default action for the current state. | `-----------------------------------------------------------*/ yydefault: yyn = yydefact[yystate]; if (yyn == 0) goto yyerrlab; goto yyreduce; /*-----------------------------. | yyreduce -- Do a reduction. | `-----------------------------*/ yyreduce: /* yyn is the number of a rule to reduce with. */ yylen = yyr2[yyn]; /* If YYLEN is nonzero, implement the default value of the action: `$$ = $1'. Otherwise, the following line sets YYVAL to garbage. This behavior is undocumented and Bison users should not rely upon it. Assigning to YYVAL unconditionally makes the parser a bit smaller, and it avoids a GCC warning that YYVAL may be used uninitialized. */ yyval = yyvsp[1-yylen]; #if YYDEBUG /* We have to keep this `#if YYDEBUG', since we use variables which are defined only if `YYDEBUG' is set. */ if (yydebug) { int yyi; YYFPRINTF (stderr, "Reducing via rule %d (line %d), ", yyn - 1, yyrline[yyn]); /* Print the symbols being reduced, and their result. */ for (yyi = yyprhs[yyn]; yyrhs[yyi] >= 0; yyi++) YYFPRINTF (stderr, "%s ", yytname[yyrhs[yyi]]); YYFPRINTF (stderr, " -> %s\n", yytname[yyr1[yyn]]); } #endif switch (yyn) { case 2: #line 11 "rr1" { cout << "empty sequence\n"; } break; case 4: #line 18 "rr1" { cout << "added word " << yyvsp[0] << endl; } break; case 5: #line 25 "rr1" { cout << "empty maybeword\n"; } break; case 6: #line 30 "rr1" { cout << "single word " << yyvsp[0] << endl; } break; } /* Line 1016 of /usr/share/bison/yacc.c. */ #line 931 "rr1.tab.c" yyvsp -= yylen; yyssp -= yylen; #if YYDEBUG if (yydebug) { short *yyssp1 = yyss - 1; YYFPRINTF (stderr, "state stack now"); while (yyssp1 != yyssp) YYFPRINTF (stderr, " %d", *++yyssp1); YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n"); } #endif *++yyvsp = yyval; /* Now `shift' the result of the reduction. Determine what state that goes to, based on the state we popped back to and the rule number reduced by. */ yyn = yyr1[yyn]; yystate = yypgoto[yyn - YYNTOKENS] + *yyssp; if (0 <= yystate && yystate <= YYLAST && yycheck[yystate] == *yyssp) yystate = yytable[yystate]; else yystate = yydefgoto[yyn - YYNTOKENS]; goto yynewstate; /*------------------------------------. | yyerrlab -- here on detecting error | `------------------------------------*/ yyerrlab: /* If not already recovering from an error, report this error. */ if (!yyerrstatus) { ++yynerrs; #if YYERROR_VERBOSE yyn = yypact[yystate]; if (YYPACT_NINF < yyn && yyn < YYLAST) { YYSIZE_T yysize = 0; int yytype = YYTRANSLATE (yychar); char *yymsg; int yyx, yycount; yycount = 0; /* Start YYX at -YYN if negative to avoid negative indexes in YYCHECK. */ for (yyx = yyn < 0 ? -yyn : 0; yyx < (int) (sizeof (yytname) / sizeof (char *)); yyx++) if (yycheck[yyx + yyn] == yyx && yyx != YYTERROR) yysize += yystrlen (yytname[yyx]) + 15, yycount++; yysize += yystrlen ("parse error, unexpected ") + 1; yysize += yystrlen (yytname[yytype]); yymsg = (char *) YYSTACK_ALLOC (yysize); if (yymsg != 0) { char *yyp = yystpcpy (yymsg, "parse error, unexpected "); yyp = yystpcpy (yyp, yytname[yytype]); if (yycount < 5) { yycount = 0; for (yyx = yyn < 0 ? -yyn : 0; yyx < (int) (sizeof (yytname) / sizeof (char *)); yyx++) if (yycheck[yyx + yyn] == yyx && yyx != YYTERROR) { const char *yyq = ! yycount ? ", expecting " : " or "; yyp = yystpcpy (yyp, yyq); yyp = yystpcpy (yyp, yytname[yyx]); yycount++; } } yyerror (yymsg); YYSTACK_FREE (yymsg); } else yyerror ("parse error; also virtual memory exhausted"); } else #endif /* YYERROR_VERBOSE */ yyerror ("parse error"); } goto yyerrlab1; /*----------------------------------------------------. | yyerrlab1 -- error raised explicitly by an action. | `----------------------------------------------------*/ yyerrlab1: if (yyerrstatus == 3) { /* If just tried and failed to reuse lookahead token after an error, discard it. */ /* Return failure if at end of input. */ if (yychar == YYEOF) { /* Pop the error token. */ YYPOPSTACK; /* Pop the rest of the stack. */ while (yyssp > yyss) { YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Error: popping ")); YYDSYMPRINT ((stderr, yystos[*yyssp], *yyvsp)); YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "\n")); yydestruct (yystos[*yyssp], *yyvsp); YYPOPSTACK; } YYABORT; } YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Discarding token %d (%s).\n", yychar, yytname[yychar1])); yydestruct (yychar1, yylval); yychar = YYEMPTY; } /* Else will try to reuse lookahead token after shifting the error token. */ yyerrstatus = 3; /* Each real token shifted decrements this. */ for (;;) { yyn = yypact[yystate]; if (yyn != YYPACT_NINF) { yyn += YYTERROR; if (0 <= yyn && yyn <= YYLAST && yycheck[yyn] == YYTERROR) { yyn = yytable[yyn]; if (0 < yyn) break; } } /* Pop the current state because it cannot handle the error token. */ if (yyssp == yyss) YYABORT; YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Error: popping ")); YYDSYMPRINT ((stderr, yystos[*yyssp], *yyvsp)); YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "\n")); yydestruct (yystos[yystate], *yyvsp); yyvsp--; yystate = *--yyssp; #if YYDEBUG if (yydebug) { short *yyssp1 = yyss - 1; YYFPRINTF (stderr, "Error: state stack now"); while (yyssp1 != yyssp) YYFPRINTF (stderr, " %d", *++yyssp1); YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n"); } #endif } if (yyn == YYFINAL) YYACCEPT; YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Shifting error token, ")); *++yyvsp = yylval; yystate = yyn; goto yynewstate; /*-------------------------------------. | yyacceptlab -- YYACCEPT comes here. | `-------------------------------------*/ yyacceptlab: yyresult = 0; goto yyreturn; /*-----------------------------------. | yyabortlab -- YYABORT comes here. | `-----------------------------------*/ yyabortlab: yyresult = 1; goto yyreturn; #ifndef yyoverflow /*----------------------------------------------. | yyoverflowlab -- parser overflow comes here. | `----------------------------------------------*/ yyoverflowlab: yyerror ("parser stack overflow"); yyresult = 2; /* Fall through. */ #endif yyreturn: #ifndef yyoverflow if (yyss != yyssa) YYSTACK_FREE (yyss); #endif return yyresult; } #line 9 "rr1" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/demos/notpeculiar0000664000175000017500000000031314700504612023747 0ustar frankfrank %token ID %left '-' %left '*' %right UNARY %% expr: expr '-' expr | expr '*' expr | '-' expr %prec UNARY | ID ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/demos/Parser.h0000664000175000017500000000120114700504612023101 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // for error()'s inline implementation #include // $insert baseclass #include "Parserbase.h" #undef Parser class Parser: public ParserBase { public: int parse(); private: void error(char const *msg) { std::cerr << msg << '\n'; } // $insert lex int lex(); void print() // d_token, d_loc {} // support functions for parse(): void executeAction(int d_production); size_t errorRecovery(); int lookup(int token); int nextToken(); }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/demos/mandayam0000664000175000017500000000041214700504612023211 0ustar frankfrank%debug %token ID %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' %right UNARY %% expr: expr '+' term | expr '-' term | term ; term: term '*' primary | term '/' primary | primary ; primary: '-' expr %prec UNARY | '+' expr %prec UNARY | ID ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/demos/Parserbase.h0000664000175000017500000000526214700504612023747 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef ParserBase_h_included #define ParserBase_h_included #include #include // $insert debugincludes #include #include #include #include #include namespace // anonymous { struct PI_; } class ParserBase { public: // $insert tokens // Symbolic tokens: enum Tokens_ { ID = 257, UNARY, }; // $insert STYPE using STYPE_ = int; private: int d_stackIdx_; std::vector d_stateStack_; std::vector d_valueStack_; protected: enum Return_ { PARSE_ACCEPT_ = 0, // values used as parse()'s return values PARSE_ABORT_ = 1 }; enum ErrorRecovery_ { DEFAULT_RECOVERY_MODE_, UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_, }; bool d_debug_; size_t d_nErrors_; size_t d_requiredTokens_; size_t d_acceptedTokens_; int d_token_; int d_nextToken_; size_t d_state_; STYPE_ *d_vsp_; STYPE_ d_val_; STYPE_ d_nextVal_; ParserBase(); // $insert debugdecl static std::ostringstream s_out_; std::string symbol_(int value) const; std::string stype_(char const *pre, STYPE_ const &semVal, char const *post = "") const; static std::ostream &dflush_(std::ostream &out); void ABORT() const; void ACCEPT() const; void ERROR() const; void clearin(); bool debug() const; void pop_(size_t count = 1); void push_(size_t nextState); void popToken_(); void pushToken_(int token); void reduce_(PI_ const &productionInfo); void errorVerbose_(); size_t top_() const; public: void setDebug(bool mode); }; inline bool ParserBase::debug() const { return d_debug_; } inline void ParserBase::setDebug(bool mode) { d_debug_ = mode; } inline void ParserBase::ABORT() const { // $insert debug if (d_debug_) s_out_ << "ABORT(): Parsing unsuccessful" << "\n" << dflush_; throw PARSE_ABORT_; } inline void ParserBase::ACCEPT() const { // $insert debug if (d_debug_) s_out_ << "ACCEPT(): Parsing successful" << "\n" << dflush_; throw PARSE_ACCEPT_; } inline void ParserBase::ERROR() const { // $insert debug if (d_debug_) s_out_ << "ERROR(): Forced error condition" << "\n" << dflush_; throw UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_; } // As a convenience, when including ParserBase.h its symbols are available as // symbols in the class Parser, too. #define Parser ParserBase #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/demos/dangling.tab.c0000664000175000017500000007022414700504612024203 0ustar frankfrank/* A Bison parser, made from dangling, by GNU bison 1.75. */ /* Skeleton parser for Yacc-like parsing with Bison, Copyright (C) 1984, 1989, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */ /* As a special exception, when this file is copied by Bison into a Bison output file, you may use that output file without restriction. This special exception was added by the Free Software Foundation in version 1.24 of Bison. */ /* Written by Richard Stallman by simplifying the original so called ``semantic'' parser. */ /* All symbols defined below should begin with yy or YY, to avoid infringing on user name space. This should be done even for local variables, as they might otherwise be expanded by user macros. There are some unavoidable exceptions within include files to define necessary library symbols; they are noted "INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE" below. */ /* Identify Bison output. */ #define YYBISON 1 /* Pure parsers. */ #define YYPURE 0 /* Using locations. */ #define YYLSP_NEEDED 0 /* Tokens. */ #ifndef YYTOKENTYPE # define YYTOKENTYPE /* Put the tokens into the symbol table, so that GDB and other debuggers know about them. */ enum yytokentype { IF = 258, ELSE = 259, VAR = 260 }; #endif #define IF 258 #define ELSE 259 #define VAR 260 /* Copy the first part of user declarations. */ /* Enabling traces. */ #ifndef YYDEBUG # define YYDEBUG 0 #endif /* Enabling verbose error messages. */ #ifdef YYERROR_VERBOSE # undef YYERROR_VERBOSE # define YYERROR_VERBOSE 1 #else # define YYERROR_VERBOSE 0 #endif #ifndef YYSTYPE typedef int yystype; # define YYSTYPE yystype # define YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL 1 #endif #ifndef YYLTYPE typedef struct yyltype { int first_line; int first_column; int last_line; int last_column; } yyltype; # define YYLTYPE yyltype # define YYLTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL 1 #endif /* Copy the second part of user declarations. */ /* Line 213 of /usr/share/bison/yacc.c. */ #line 104 "dangling.tab.c" #if ! defined (yyoverflow) || YYERROR_VERBOSE /* The parser invokes alloca or malloc; define the necessary symbols. */ # if YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA # define YYSTACK_ALLOC alloca # else # ifndef YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA # if defined (alloca) || defined (_ALLOCA_H) # define YYSTACK_ALLOC alloca # else # ifdef _GNUC_ # define YYSTACK_ALLOC _builtin_alloca # endif # endif # endif # endif # ifdef YYSTACK_ALLOC /* Pacify GCC's `empty if-body' warning. */ # define YYSTACK_FREE(Ptr) do { /* empty */; } while (0) # else # if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) # include /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */ # define YYSIZE_T size_t # endif # define YYSTACK_ALLOC malloc # define YYSTACK_FREE free # endif #endif /* ! defined (yyoverflow) || YYERROR_VERBOSE */ #if (! defined (yyoverflow) \ && (! defined (_cplusplus) \ || (YYLTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL && YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL))) /* A type that is properly aligned for any stack member. */ union yyalloc { short yyss; YYSTYPE yyvs; }; /* The size of the maximum gap between one aligned stack and the next. */ # define YYSTACK_GAP_MAX (sizeof (union yyalloc) - 1) /* The size of an array large to enough to hold all stacks, each with N elements. */ # define YYSTACK_BYTES(N) \ ((N) * (sizeof (short) + sizeof (YYSTYPE)) \ + YYSTACK_GAP_MAX) /* Copy COUNT objects from FROM to TO. The source and destination do not overlap. */ # ifndef YYCOPY # if 1 < _GNUC_ # define YYCOPY(To, From, Count) \ _builtin_memcpy (To, From, (Count) * sizeof (*(From))) # else # define YYCOPY(To, From, Count) \ do \ { \ register YYSIZE_T yyi; \ for (yyi = 0; yyi < (Count); yyi++) \ (To)[yyi] = (From)[yyi]; \ } \ while (0) # endif # endif /* Relocate STACK from its old location to the new one. The local variables YYSIZE and YYSTACKSIZE give the old and new number of elements in the stack, and YYPTR gives the new location of the stack. Advance YYPTR to a properly aligned location for the next stack. */ # define YYSTACK_RELOCATE(Stack) \ do \ { \ YYSIZE_T yynewbytes; \ YYCOPY (&yyptr->Stack, Stack, yysize); \ Stack = &yyptr->Stack; \ yynewbytes = yystacksize * sizeof (*Stack) + YYSTACK_GAP_MAX; \ yyptr += yynewbytes / sizeof (*yyptr); \ } \ while (0) #endif #if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) typedef signed char yysigned_char; #else typedef short yysigned_char; #endif /* YYFINAL -- State number of the termination state. */ #define YYFINAL 6 #define YYLAST 10 /* YYNTOKENS -- Number of terminals. */ #define YYNTOKENS 9 /* YYNNTS -- Number of nonterminals. */ #define YYNNTS 2 /* YYNRULES -- Number of rules. */ #define YYNRULES 4 /* YYNRULES -- Number of states. */ #define YYNSTATES 12 /* YYTRANSLATE(YYLEX) -- Bison symbol number corresponding to YYLEX. */ #define YYUNDEFTOK 2 #define YYMAXUTOK 260 #define YYTRANSLATE(X) \ ((size_t)(X) <= YYMAXUTOK ? yytranslate[X] : YYUNDEFTOK) /* YYTRANSLATE[YYLEX] -- Bison symbol number corresponding to YYLEX. */ static const size_t char yytranslate[] = { 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 7, 8, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; #if YYDEBUG /* YYPRHS[YYN] -- Index of the first RHS symbol of rule number YYN in YYRHS. */ static const size_t char yyprhs[] = { 0, 0, 3, 6, 12 }; /* YYRHS -- A `-1'-separated list of the rules' RHS. */ static const yysigned_char yyrhs[] = { 10, 0, -1, 5, 6, -1, 3, 7, 5, 8, 10, -1, 3, 7, 5, 8, 10, 4, 10, -1 }; /* YYRLINE[YYN] -- source line where rule number YYN was defined. */ static const size_t char yyrline[] = { 0, 5, 5, 7, 9 }; #endif #if YYDEBUG || YYERROR_VERBOSE /* YYTNME[SYMBOL-NUM] -- String name of the symbol SYMBOL-NUM. First, the terminals, then, starting at YYNTOKENS, nonterminals. */ static const char *const yytname[] = { "$end", "error", "$undefined", "IF", "ELSE", "VAR", "';'", "'('", "')'", "$accept", "stmt", 0 }; #endif # ifdef YYPRINT /* YYTOKNUM[YYLEX-NUM] -- Internal token number corresponding to token YYLEX-NUM. */ static const size_t short yytoknum[] = { 0, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 59, 40, 41 }; # endif /* YYR1[YYN] -- Symbol number of symbol that rule YYN derives. */ static const size_t char yyr1[] = { 0, 9, 10, 10, 10 }; /* YYR2[YYN] -- Number of symbols composing right hand side of rule YYN. */ static const size_t char yyr2[] = { 0, 2, 2, 5, 7 }; /* YYDEFACT[STATE-NAME] -- Default rule to reduce with in state STATE-NUM when YYTABLE doesn't specify something else to do. Zero means the default is an error. */ static const size_t char yydefact[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4 }; /* YYDEFGOTO[NTERM-NUM]. */ static const yysigned_char yydefgoto[] = { -1, 3 }; /* YYPACT[STATE-NUM] -- Index in YYTABLE of the portion describing STATE-NUM. */ #define YYPACT_NINF -8 static const yysigned_char yypact[] = { -3, -2, 0, 4, 2, -8, -8, 1, -3, 6, -3, -8 }; /* YYPGOTO[NTERM-NUM]. */ static const yysigned_char yypgoto[] = { -8, -7 }; /* YYTABLE[YYPACT[STATE-NUM]]. What to do in state STATE-NUM. If positive, shift that token. If negative, reduce the rule which number is the opposite. If zero, do what YYDEFACT says. If YYTABLE_NINF, parse error. */ #define YYTABLE_NINF -1 static const size_t char yytable[] = { 1, 9, 2, 11, 6, 4, 5, 7, 0, 8, 10 }; static const yysigned_char yycheck[] = { 3, 8, 5, 10, 0, 7, 6, 5, -1, 8, 4 }; /* YYSTOS[STATE-NUM] -- The (internal number of the) accessing symbol of state STATE-NUM. */ static const size_t char yystos[] = { 0, 3, 5, 10, 7, 6, 0, 5, 8, 10, 4, 10 }; #if ! defined (YYSIZE_T) && defined (_SIZE_TYPE_) # define YYSIZE_T _SIZE_TYPE_ #endif #if ! defined (YYSIZE_T) && defined (size_t) # define YYSIZE_T size_t #endif #if ! defined (YYSIZE_T) # if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) # include /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */ # define YYSIZE_T size_t # endif #endif #if ! defined (YYSIZE_T) # define YYSIZE_T size_t int #endif #define yyerrok (yyerrstatus = 0) #define yyclearin (yychar = YYEMPTY) #define YYEMPTY -2 #define YYEOF 0 #define YYACCEPT goto yyacceptlab #define YYABORT goto yyabortlab #define YYERROR goto yyerrlab1 /* Like YYERROR except do call yyerror. This remains here temporarily to ease the transition to the new meaning of YYERROR, for GCC. Once GCC version 2 has supplanted version 1, this can go. */ #define YYFAIL goto yyerrlab #define YYRECOVERING() (!!yyerrstatus) #define YYBACKUP(Token, Value) \ do \ if (yychar == YYEMPTY && yylen == 1) \ { \ yychar = (Token); \ yylval = (Value); \ yychar1 = YYTRANSLATE (yychar); \ YYPOPSTACK; \ goto yybackup; \ } \ else \ { \ yyerror ("syntax error: cannot back up"); \ YYERROR; \ } \ while (0) #define YYTERROR 1 #define YYERRCODE 256 /* YYLLOC_DEFAULT -- Compute the default location (before the actions are run). */ #ifndef YYLLOC_DEFAULT # define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Current, Rhs, N) \ Current.first_line = Rhs[1].first_line; \ Current.first_column = Rhs[1].first_column; \ Current.last_line = Rhs[N].last_line; \ Current.last_column = Rhs[N].last_column; #endif /* YYLEX -- calling `yylex' with the right arguments. */ #define YYLEX yylex () /* Enable debugging if requested. */ #if YYDEBUG # ifndef YYFPRINTF # include /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */ # define YYFPRINTF fprintf # endif # define YYDPRINTF(Args) \ do { \ if (yydebug) \ YYFPRINTF Args; \ } while (0) # define YYDSYMPRINT(Args) \ do { \ if (yydebug) \ yysymprint Args; \ } while (0) /* Nonzero means print parse trace. It is left uninitialized so that multiple parsers can coexist. */ int yydebug; #else /* !YYDEBUG */ # define YYDPRINTF(Args) # define YYDSYMPRINT(Args) #endif /* !YYDEBUG */ /* YYINITDEPTH -- initial size of the parser's stacks. */ #ifndef YYINITDEPTH # define YYINITDEPTH 200 #endif /* YYMAXDEPTH -- maximum size the stacks can grow to (effective only if the built-in stack extension method is used). Do not make this value too large; the results are undefined if SIZE_MAX < YYSTACK_BYTES (YYMAXDEPTH) evaluated with infinite-precision integer arithmetic. */ #if YYMAXDEPTH == 0 # undef YYMAXDEPTH #endif #ifndef YYMAXDEPTH # define YYMAXDEPTH 10000 #endif #if YYERROR_VERBOSE # ifndef yystrlen # if defined (_GLIBC_) && defined (_STRING_H) # define yystrlen strlen # else /* Return the length of YYSTR. */ static YYSIZE_T # if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) yystrlen (const char *yystr) # else yystrlen (yystr) const char *yystr; # endif { register const char *yys = yystr; while (*yys++ != '\0') continue; return yys - yystr - 1; } # endif # endif # ifndef yystpcpy # if defined (_GLIBC_) && defined (_STRING_H) && defined (_GNU_SOURCE) # define yystpcpy stpcpy # else /* Copy YYSRC to YYDEST, returning the address of the terminating '\0' in YYDEST. */ static char * # if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) yystpcpy (char *yydest, const char *yysrc) # else yystpcpy (yydest, yysrc) char *yydest; const char *yysrc; # endif { register char *yyd = yydest; register const char *yys = yysrc; while ((*yyd++ = *yys++) != '\0') continue; return yyd - 1; } # endif # endif #endif /* !YYERROR_VERBOSE */ #if YYDEBUG /*-----------------------------. | Print this symbol on YYOUT. | `-----------------------------*/ static void #if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) yysymprint (FILE* yyout, int yytype, YYSTYPE yyvalue) #else yysymprint (yyout, yytype, yyvalue) FILE* yyout; int yytype; YYSTYPE yyvalue; #endif { /* Pacify ``unused variable'' warnings. */ (void) yyvalue; if (yytype < YYNTOKENS) { YYFPRINTF (yyout, "token %s (", yytname[yytype]); # ifdef YYPRINT YYPRINT (yyout, yytoknum[yytype], yyvalue); # endif } else YYFPRINTF (yyout, "nterm %s (", yytname[yytype]); switch (yytype) { default: break; } YYFPRINTF (yyout, ")"); } #endif /* YYDEBUG. */ /*-----------------------------------------------. | Release the memory associated to this symbol. | `-----------------------------------------------*/ static void #if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) yydestruct (int yytype, YYSTYPE yyvalue) #else yydestruct (yytype, yyvalue) int yytype; YYSTYPE yyvalue; #endif { /* Pacify ``unused variable'' warnings. */ (void) yyvalue; switch (yytype) { default: break; } } /* The user can define YYPARSE_PARAM as the name of an argument to be passed into yyparse. The argument should have type void *. It should actually point to an object. Grammar actions can access the variable by casting it to the proper pointer type. */ #ifdef YYPARSE_PARAM # if defined (_STDC_) || defined (_cplusplus) # define YYPARSE_PARAM_ARG void *YYPARSE_PARAM # define YYPARSE_PARAM_DECL # else # define YYPARSE_PARAM_ARG YYPARSE_PARAM # define YYPARSE_PARAM_DECL void *YYPARSE_PARAM; # endif #else /* !YYPARSE_PARAM */ # define YYPARSE_PARAM_ARG # define YYPARSE_PARAM_DECL #endif /* !YYPARSE_PARAM */ /* Prevent warning if -Wstrict-prototypes. */ #ifdef _GNUC_ # ifdef YYPARSE_PARAM int yyparse (void *); # else int yyparse (void); # endif #endif /* The lookahead symbol. */ int yychar; /* The semantic value of the lookahead symbol. */ YYSTYPE yylval; /* Number of parse errors so far. */ int yynerrs; int yyparse (YYPARSE_PARAM_ARG) YYPARSE_PARAM_DECL { register int yystate; register int yyn; int yyresult; /* Number of tokens to shift before error messages enabled. */ int yyerrstatus; /* Lookahead token as an internal (translated) token number. */ int yychar1 = 0; /* Three stacks and their tools: `yyss': related to states, `yyvs': related to semantic values, `yyls': related to locations. Refer to the stacks thru separate pointers, to allow yyoverflow to reallocate them elsewhere. */ /* The state stack. */ short yyssa[YYINITDEPTH]; short *yyss = yyssa; register short *yyssp; /* The semantic value stack. */ YYSTYPE yyvsa[YYINITDEPTH]; YYSTYPE *yyvs = yyvsa; register YYSTYPE *yyvsp; #define YYPOPSTACK (yyvsp--, yyssp--) YYSIZE_T yystacksize = YYINITDEPTH; /* The variables used to return semantic value and location from the action routines. */ YYSTYPE yyval; /* When reducing, the number of symbols on the RHS of the reduced rule. */ int yylen; YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Starting parse\n")); yystate = 0; yyerrstatus = 0; yynerrs = 0; yychar = YYEMPTY; /* Cause a token to be read. */ /* Initialize stack pointers. Waste one element of value and location stack so that they stay on the same level as the state stack. The wasted elements are never initialized. */ yyssp = yyss; yyvsp = yyvs; goto yysetstate; /*------------------------------------------------------------. | yynewstate -- Push a new state, which is found in yystate. | `------------------------------------------------------------*/ yynewstate: /* In all cases, when you get here, the value and location stacks have just been pushed. so pushing a state here evens the stacks. */ yyssp++; yysetstate: *yyssp = yystate; if (yyssp >= yyss + yystacksize - 1) { /* Get the current used size of the three stacks, in elements. */ YYSIZE_T yysize = yyssp - yyss + 1; #ifdef yyoverflow { /* Give user a chance to reallocate the stack. Use copies of these so that the &'s don't force the real ones into memory. */ YYSTYPE *yyvs1 = yyvs; short *yyss1 = yyss; /* Each stack pointer address is followed by the size of the data in use in that stack, in bytes. This used to be a conditional around just the two extra args, but that might be undefined if yyoverflow is a macro. */ yyoverflow ("parser stack overflow", &yyss1, yysize * sizeof (*yyssp), &yyvs1, yysize * sizeof (*yyvsp), &yystacksize); yyss = yyss1; yyvs = yyvs1; } #else /* no yyoverflow */ # ifndef YYSTACK_RELOCATE goto yyoverflowlab; # else /* Extend the stack our own way. */ if (yystacksize >= YYMAXDEPTH) goto yyoverflowlab; yystacksize *= 2; if (yystacksize > YYMAXDEPTH) yystacksize = YYMAXDEPTH; { short *yyss1 = yyss; union yyalloc *yyptr = (union yyalloc *) YYSTACK_ALLOC (YYSTACK_BYTES (yystacksize)); if (! yyptr) goto yyoverflowlab; YYSTACK_RELOCATE (yyss); YYSTACK_RELOCATE (yyvs); # undef YYSTACK_RELOCATE if (yyss1 != yyssa) YYSTACK_FREE (yyss1); } # endif #endif /* no yyoverflow */ yyssp = yyss + yysize - 1; yyvsp = yyvs + yysize - 1; YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Stack size increased to %lu\n", (size_t long int) yystacksize)); if (yyssp >= yyss + yystacksize - 1) YYABORT; } YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Entering state %d\n", yystate)); goto yybackup; /*-----------. | yybackup. | `-----------*/ yybackup: /* Do appropriate processing given the current state. */ /* Read a lookahead token if we need one and don't already have one. */ /* yyresume: */ /* First try to decide what to do without reference to lookahead token. */ yyn = yypact[yystate]; if (yyn == YYPACT_NINF) goto yydefault; /* Not known => get a lookahead token if don't already have one. */ /* yychar is either YYEMPTY or YYEOF or a valid token in external form. */ if (yychar == YYEMPTY) { YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Reading a token: ")); yychar = YYLEX; } /* Convert token to internal form (in yychar1) for indexing tables with. */ if (yychar <= 0) /* This means end of input. */ { yychar1 = 0; yychar = YYEOF; /* Don't call YYLEX any more. */ YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Now at end of input.\n")); } else { yychar1 = YYTRANSLATE (yychar); /* We have to keep this `#if YYDEBUG', since we use variables which are defined only if `YYDEBUG' is set. */ YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Next token is ")); YYDSYMPRINT ((stderr, yychar1, yylval)); YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "\n")); } /* If the proper action on seeing token YYCHAR1 is to reduce or to detect an error, take that action. */ yyn += yychar1; if (yyn < 0 || YYLAST < yyn || yycheck[yyn] != yychar1) goto yydefault; yyn = yytable[yyn]; if (yyn <= 0) { if (yyn == 0 || yyn == YYTABLE_NINF) goto yyerrlab; yyn = -yyn; goto yyreduce; } if (yyn == YYFINAL) YYACCEPT; /* Shift the lookahead token. */ YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Shifting token %d (%s), ", yychar, yytname[yychar1])); /* Discard the token being shifted unless it is eof. */ if (yychar != YYEOF) yychar = YYEMPTY; *++yyvsp = yylval; /* Count tokens shifted since error; after three, turn off error status. */ if (yyerrstatus) yyerrstatus--; yystate = yyn; goto yynewstate; /*-----------------------------------------------------------. | yydefault -- do the default action for the current state. | `-----------------------------------------------------------*/ yydefault: yyn = yydefact[yystate]; if (yyn == 0) goto yyerrlab; goto yyreduce; /*-----------------------------. | yyreduce -- Do a reduction. | `-----------------------------*/ yyreduce: /* yyn is the number of a rule to reduce with. */ yylen = yyr2[yyn]; /* If YYLEN is nonzero, implement the default value of the action: `$$ = $1'. Otherwise, the following line sets YYVAL to garbage. This behavior is undocumented and Bison users should not rely upon it. Assigning to YYVAL unconditionally makes the parser a bit smaller, and it avoids a GCC warning that YYVAL may be used uninitialized. */ yyval = yyvsp[1-yylen]; #if YYDEBUG /* We have to keep this `#if YYDEBUG', since we use variables which are defined only if `YYDEBUG' is set. */ if (yydebug) { int yyi; YYFPRINTF (stderr, "Reducing via rule %d (line %d), ", yyn - 1, yyrline[yyn]); /* Print the symbols being reduced, and their result. */ for (yyi = yyprhs[yyn]; yyrhs[yyi] >= 0; yyi++) YYFPRINTF (stderr, "%s ", yytname[yyrhs[yyi]]); YYFPRINTF (stderr, " -> %s\n", yytname[yyr1[yyn]]); } #endif switch (yyn) { } /* Line 1016 of /usr/share/bison/yacc.c. */ #line 911 "dangling.tab.c" yyvsp -= yylen; yyssp -= yylen; #if YYDEBUG if (yydebug) { short *yyssp1 = yyss - 1; YYFPRINTF (stderr, "state stack now"); while (yyssp1 != yyssp) YYFPRINTF (stderr, " %d", *++yyssp1); YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n"); } #endif *++yyvsp = yyval; /* Now `shift' the result of the reduction. Determine what state that goes to, based on the state we popped back to and the rule number reduced by. */ yyn = yyr1[yyn]; yystate = yypgoto[yyn - YYNTOKENS] + *yyssp; if (0 <= yystate && yystate <= YYLAST && yycheck[yystate] == *yyssp) yystate = yytable[yystate]; else yystate = yydefgoto[yyn - YYNTOKENS]; goto yynewstate; /*------------------------------------. | yyerrlab -- here on detecting error | `------------------------------------*/ yyerrlab: /* If not already recovering from an error, report this error. */ if (!yyerrstatus) { ++yynerrs; #if YYERROR_VERBOSE yyn = yypact[yystate]; if (YYPACT_NINF < yyn && yyn < YYLAST) { YYSIZE_T yysize = 0; int yytype = YYTRANSLATE (yychar); char *yymsg; int yyx, yycount; yycount = 0; /* Start YYX at -YYN if negative to avoid negative indexes in YYCHECK. */ for (yyx = yyn < 0 ? -yyn : 0; yyx < (int) (sizeof (yytname) / sizeof (char *)); yyx++) if (yycheck[yyx + yyn] == yyx && yyx != YYTERROR) yysize += yystrlen (yytname[yyx]) + 15, yycount++; yysize += yystrlen ("parse error, unexpected ") + 1; yysize += yystrlen (yytname[yytype]); yymsg = (char *) YYSTACK_ALLOC (yysize); if (yymsg != 0) { char *yyp = yystpcpy (yymsg, "parse error, unexpected "); yyp = yystpcpy (yyp, yytname[yytype]); if (yycount < 5) { yycount = 0; for (yyx = yyn < 0 ? -yyn : 0; yyx < (int) (sizeof (yytname) / sizeof (char *)); yyx++) if (yycheck[yyx + yyn] == yyx && yyx != YYTERROR) { const char *yyq = ! yycount ? ", expecting " : " or "; yyp = yystpcpy (yyp, yyq); yyp = yystpcpy (yyp, yytname[yyx]); yycount++; } } yyerror (yymsg); YYSTACK_FREE (yymsg); } else yyerror ("parse error; also virtual memory exhausted"); } else #endif /* YYERROR_VERBOSE */ yyerror ("parse error"); } goto yyerrlab1; /*----------------------------------------------------. | yyerrlab1 -- error raised explicitly by an action. | `----------------------------------------------------*/ yyerrlab1: if (yyerrstatus == 3) { /* If just tried and failed to reuse lookahead token after an error, discard it. */ /* Return failure if at end of input. */ if (yychar == YYEOF) { /* Pop the error token. */ YYPOPSTACK; /* Pop the rest of the stack. */ while (yyssp > yyss) { YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Error: popping ")); YYDSYMPRINT ((stderr, yystos[*yyssp], *yyvsp)); YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "\n")); yydestruct (yystos[*yyssp], *yyvsp); YYPOPSTACK; } YYABORT; } YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Discarding token %d (%s).\n", yychar, yytname[yychar1])); yydestruct (yychar1, yylval); yychar = YYEMPTY; } /* Else will try to reuse lookahead token after shifting the error token. */ yyerrstatus = 3; /* Each real token shifted decrements this. */ for (;;) { yyn = yypact[yystate]; if (yyn != YYPACT_NINF) { yyn += YYTERROR; if (0 <= yyn && yyn <= YYLAST && yycheck[yyn] == YYTERROR) { yyn = yytable[yyn]; if (0 < yyn) break; } } /* Pop the current state because it cannot handle the error token. */ if (yyssp == yyss) YYABORT; YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Error: popping ")); YYDSYMPRINT ((stderr, yystos[*yyssp], *yyvsp)); YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "\n")); yydestruct (yystos[yystate], *yyvsp); yyvsp--; yystate = *--yyssp; #if YYDEBUG if (yydebug) { short *yyssp1 = yyss - 1; YYFPRINTF (stderr, "Error: state stack now"); while (yyssp1 != yyssp) YYFPRINTF (stderr, " %d", *++yyssp1); YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n"); } #endif } if (yyn == YYFINAL) YYACCEPT; YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Shifting error token, ")); *++yyvsp = yylval; yystate = yyn; goto yynewstate; /*-------------------------------------. | yyacceptlab -- YYACCEPT comes here. | `-------------------------------------*/ yyacceptlab: yyresult = 0; goto yyreturn; /*-----------------------------------. | yyabortlab -- YYABORT comes here. | `-----------------------------------*/ yyabortlab: yyresult = 1; goto yyreturn; #ifndef yyoverflow /*----------------------------------------------. | yyoverflowlab -- parser overflow comes here. | `----------------------------------------------*/ yyoverflowlab: yyerror ("parser stack overflow"); yyresult = 2; /* Fall through. */ #endif yyreturn: #ifndef yyoverflow if (yyss != yyssa) YYSTACK_FREE (yyss); #endif return yyresult; } #line 5 "dangling" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/demos/peculiar0000664000175000017500000000042214700504612023227 0ustar frankfrank %token ID %left '-' %left '*' %right UNARY %% expr: expr '-' term | term ; term: term '*' factor | factor ; factor: '-' expr %prec UNARY | ID ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/demos/noshiftreduce0000664000175000017500000000017114700504612024266 0ustar frankfrank%token ID %left '*' %right '-' %% term: term '*' term | ID | '-' term ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/demos/dangling0000664000175000017500000000016114700504612023206 0ustar frankfrank%token IF ELSE VAR %% stmt: VAR ';' | IF '(' VAR ')' stmt | IF '(' VAR ')' stmt ELSE stmt ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/input.yo0000664000175000017500000001533614700504612022113 0ustar frankfrankB() implements the parsing function in the member function tt(parse()). This function obtains its tokens from the member tt(lex()) and processes all tokens until a syntactic error, a non-recoverable error, or the end of input is encountered. The algorithm used by tt(parse()) is the same, irrespective of the used grammar. In fact, the tt(parse()) member's behavior is completely determined by the tables generated by b(). The parsing algorithm is known as the em(shift-reduce) (S/R) algorithm, and it allows tt(parse()) to perform two actions while processing series of tokens: itemization( it() When a token is received in a state in which that token is required for a transition to another state (e.g., a tt(NR) token is observed in state 1 of the example's grammar) a transition to state 3 is performed. it() When a state is reached which calls for a (default) reduction (e.g., state 3 of the example's grammar) a reduction is performed. ) The parsing function maintains two stacks, which are manipulated by the above two actions: a state stack and a value stack. These stacks are not accessible to the parser: they are private data structures defined in the parser's base class. The parsing member tt(parse()) may use the following member functions to manipulate these stacks: itemization( itt(push_(stateIdx)) pushes tt(stateIdx) on the state stack and pushes the current semantic value (i.e., tt(LTYPE_ d_val_)) on the value stack; itt(pop_(size_t count = 1)) removes tt(count) elements from the two stacks; itt(top_()) returns the state currently on top of the state stack; ) Apart from the state- and semantic stacks, the S/R algorithm itself sometimes needs to push a token on a two-element stack. Rather than using a formal stack, two variables (tt(d_token_) and tt(d_nextToken_)) are used to implement this little token-stack. The member function tt(pushToken_()) pushes a new value on the token stack, the member tt(popToken_()) pops a previously pushed value from the token stack. At any time, tt(d_token_) contains the topmost element of the token stack. The member tt(nextToken()) determines the next token to be processed. If the token stack contains a value it is returned. Otherwise, tt(lex()) is called to obtain the next token to be pushed on the token stack. The member tt(lookup()) looks up the current token in the current state's tt(SR_) table. For this a simple linear search algorithm is used. If searching fails to find an action for the token an tt(UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_) exception is thrown, which starts the error recovery. If an action was found, it is returned. Rules may have actions associated with them. These actions are executed when a grammatical rule has been completely recognized. This is always at the end of a rule: mid-rule actions are converted by b() into pseudo nonterminals, replacing mid-rule action blocks by these pseudo nonterminals. The pseudo nonterminals show up in the verbose grammar output as rules having LHSs starting with tt(#). So, once a rule has been recognized its action (if defined) is executed. For this the member function tt(executeAction()) is available. Finally, the token stack can be cleared using the member tt(clearin()). Now that the relevant support functions have been introduced, the S/R algorithm itself turns out to be a fairly simple algorithm. First, the parser's stack is initialized with state 0 and the token stack is cleared. Then, in a never ending loop: itemization( it() If a state needs a token (i.e., tt(REQ_TOKEN) has been specified for that state), tt(nextToken()) is called to obtain the next token; it() From the token and the current state tt(lookup()) determines the next action; it() If a shifting action was called for the next state is pushed on the stack and the token is popped off the token stack. it() If a reduction was called for that rule's action block is executed followed by a reduction of the production rule (performed by tt(reduce_())): the semantic and state stacks are reduced by the number of elements found in that production rule, and the production rule's LHS is pushed on the token stack it() If the state/token combination indicates that the input is accepted (normally: when tt(EOF) is encountered in state 1) then the parsing function terminates, returning 0. ) The following table shows the S/R algorithm in action when the example grammar is given the input tt(3 + 4 + 5). The first column shows the (remaining) input, the second column the current token stack (with tt(-) indicating an empty token stack), the third column the state stack. The fourth column provides a short description. The leftmost elements of the stacks represent the tops of the stacks. The information shown below is also (in more elaborate form) shown when the tt(--debug) option is provided to B() when generating the parsing function. table(7)(rllrlll)( rowline() row(cell(remaining input)cell( )cell(token stack)cell( )cell(state stack) cell( )cell(description)) rowline() ttrow(3 + 4 + 5) (-) ( 0) (initialization) ttrow(3 + 4 + 5) (start) ( 0) (reduction by rule 2) ttrow(3 + 4 + 5) (-) ( 1 0) (shift `start') ttrow( + 4 + 5) (NR) ( 1 0) (obtain NR token) ttrow( + 4 + 5) (-) ( 3 1 0) (shift NR) ttrow( + 4 + 5) (expr) ( 1 0) (reduction by rule 3) ttrow( + 4 + 5) (-) ( 2 1 0) (shift `expr') ttrow( 4 + 5) (+) ( 2 1 0) (obtain `+' token) ttrow( 4 + 5) (-) ( 4 2 1 0) (shift `+') ttrow( + 5) (NR) ( 4 2 1 0) (obtain NR token) ttrow( + 5) (-) (3 4 2 1 0) (shift NR) ttrow( + 5) (expr) ( 4 3 1 0) (reduction by rule 3) ttrow( + 5) (-) (5 4 3 1 0) (shift `expr') ttrow( 5) (+) (5 4 3 1 0) (obtain `+' token) ttrow( 5) (expr +) ( 1 0) (reduction by rule 4) ttrow( 5) (+) ( 2 1 0) (shift `expr') ttrow( 5) (-) ( 4 2 1 0) (shift '+') ttrow( ) (NR) ( 4 2 1 0) (obtain NR token) ttrow( ) (-) (3 4 2 1 0) (shift NR) ttrow( ) (expr) ( 4 2 1 0) (reduction by rule 3) ttrow( ) (-) (5 4 2 1 0) (shift `expr') ttrow( ) (EOF) (5 4 2 1 0) (obtain EOF) ttrow( ) (expr EOF) ( 1 0) (reduction by rule 4) ttrow( ) (EOF) ( 2 1 0) (shift `expr') ttrow( ) (start EOF) ( 2 1 0) (reduction by rule 1) ttrow( ) (EOF) ( 1 0) (shift `start') ttrow( ) (EOF) ( 1 0) (ACCEPT) rowline() ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/determine.yo0000664000175000017500000002006014700504612022716 0ustar frankfrankOnce the items of all the grammar's states have been determined the LA sets for the states' items are computed. Starting from the LA set of the kernel item of state 0 (representing the augmented grammar's production rule tt(S_$: . S), where tt(S) is the grammar's start rule) the LA sets of all items of all of the grammar's states are determined. By definition, the LA set of state 0's kernel item equals tt($), representing end-of-file. Starting from the function tt(State::determineLAsets), which is called for state 0, the LA sets of all items of all states are computed. For each state, the LA sets of its items are computed first. Once they have been computed, the LA sets of items from where transitions to other states are possible are then propagated to the matching kernel items of those destination states. When the LA sets of kernel items of those destination states are enlarged then their state indices are added to a set tt(todo). LA sets of the items of states whose indices are stored in the tt(todo) set are (re)computed (by calling tt(determineLAsets) for those states) until tt(todo) is empty, at which point all LA sets have been computed. Initially tt(todo) only contains 0, the index of the initial state, representing the augmented grammar's production rule. To compute the LA sets of a state's items the LA set of each of its kernel items is distributed (by the member tt(State::distributeLAsetOf)) over the items which are implied by the item being considered. E.g., for item tt(X: a . Y z), where tt(a) and tt(z) are any sequence of grammar symbols and tt(X) and tt(Y) are nonterminal symbols, all of tt(Y's) production rules are added as new items to the current state. Then the member tt(distributeLAsetOfItem(idx)) matches the item's rule specification with the specification tt(a.Bc), where tt(a) and tt(c) are (possibly empty) sequences of grammatical symbols, and tt(B) is a (possibly empty) nonterminal symbol appearing immediately to the right of the item's dot position. if tt(B) is empty then there are no additional production rules and tt(distributeLAsetOf) may return. Otherwise, the set tt(b = FIRST(c)) is computed. This set holds all symbols which may follow tt(B). If tt(b) contains epsilon() (i.e., the element representing the empty set), then the currently defined LA set of the item can also be observed. In that case epsilon() is removed, and the currently defined LA set is added to tt(b). Finally, the LA sets of all items representing a production rule for tt(B) are inspected: if tt(b) contains unique elements compared to the LA sets of those items, then the unique elements of tt(b) are added to the LA sets of those items. Finally, tt(distributeLAsetOfItem) is recursively called for those items whose LA sets were enlarged. Once the LA sets of the items of a state have thus been computed, tt(inspectTransitions) is called to propagate the LA sets of items from where transitions to other states are possible to the affected (kernel) items of those other (destination) states. The member tt(inspectTransitions) inspects all tt(Next) objects of the current state's tt(d_nextVector). Next objects provide itemization( it() the state index of a state to transfer to from the current state; it() a size_t vector of item transitions. Each element is the index of an item in the current state (the source-item), its index is the index of a (kernel) item of the state to transfer to (the destination index). ) If the LA set of a destination item can be enlarged from the LA set of the source item then the LA sets of the destination state's items must be recomputed. This is realized by inserting the destation state's index into the `todo' set. To illustrate an LA-set computation we will now compute the LA sets of (some of) the items of the states of the grammar introduced at the beginning of this chapter. Its augmented grammar consists of the following production rules: verb( 1. start: start expr 2. start: // empty 3. expr: NR 4. expr: expr '+' expr 5. start_$: start ) When analyzing this grammar, we found the following five states, consisting of several items and transitions (kernel items are marked with K following their item indices). Next to the items, where applicable, the goto-table is shown: the state to go to when the mentioned grammatical symbol has been recognized: verb( Goto table ----------- State 0: start 0K: start_$ -> . start 1 1: start -> . start expr 1 2: start -> . State 1: expr NR 0K: start_$ -> start . 1K: start -> start . expr 2 2: expr -> . NR 3 3: expr -> . expr '+' expr State 2: '+' 0K: start -> start expr . 1K: expr -> expr . '+' expr 4 State 3: 0K: expr -> NR . State 4: expr NR 0K: expr -> expr '+' . expr 5 1: expr -> . NR 3 2: expr -> . expr '+' expr 5 State 5: '+' 0K: expr -> expr '+' expr . 1K: expr -> expr . '+' expr 4 ) Item 0 of state 0 by definition has LA symbol $, and LA computation therefore always starts at item 0 of state 0. The interesting part of the LA set computation is encountered in the recursive member tt(distributeLAsets): verb( distributeLAsetsOfItem(0) start_$ -> . start: LA: {$}, B: start, c: {}, so b: {$} items 1 and 2 refer to production rules of B (start) and are inspected: 1: LA(1): {}: b contains unique elements. Therefore: LA(1) = {$} distributeLAsetsOfItem(1): start -> . start expr: LA: {$}, B: start, c: {expr}, so b: {NR} inspect items 1 and 2 as they refer to production rules of B (start): 1: LA(1): {}: b contains unique elements. Therefore: LA(1) = {$,NR} distributeLAsetsOfItem(1) start -> . start expr: LA: {$,NR}, B: start, c: {expr}, so b: {NR} inspect items 1 and 2 as they refer to prod. rules of B (start): 1: LA(1): {$,NR}, so b does not contain unique elements: done 2: LA(2): {}, b contains unique elements LA(2) = {NR} distributeLAsetsOfItem(2) start -> .: LA: {NR}, B: -, c: {}, so b: {NR} inspect items 1 and 2 as they refer to prod. rules of B (start): 1: LA(1): {$,NR}, b does not contain unique elements: done 2: LA(2): {NR}, so b does not contain unique elements: done 2: LA(2): {NR}, so b does not contain unique elements: done 2: LA(2): {NR}: b contains unique elements. Therefore: LA(2) = {$,NR} distributeLAsetsOfItem(2) start -> .: LA: {$,NR}, B: -, c: {} B empty, so return. ) So, item 0 has LA set tt({$}), items 1 and 2 have LA sets tt({$,NR}). The next step involves propagating the LA sets to kernel items of the states to where transitions are possible: itemization( it() Item 0, state 0 transits to item 0 state 1. Item 0 of state 1's current LA set is empty, so it receives LA set tt({$}), and 1 (state 1's index) is inserted into the tt(todo) set. it() Item 1, state 0 transits to item 1 state 1. Item 1 of state 1's current LA set is empty, so it receives LA set tt({$,NR}), and 1 (state 1's index) is inserted into the tt(todo) set. ) Following this LA set propagation the LA sets of all items of state 1 are computed, which in turn is followed by LA propagation to other states (states 2 and 3), etc. etc. In this grammar there are no transitions to the current state (i.e., transitions from state x to state x). If such transitions are encountered then they can be ignored by tt(inspectTransitions) as the LA sets of the items of a state have already be computed by the time tt(inspectTransitions) is called. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/lookahead.yo0000664000175000017500000000440414700504612022675 0ustar frankfrankThe b() parser does em(not) always perform a reduction when a state is reached where an item has its dot position beyond the last element of its production rule. For most languages such a simple strategy is incorrect. Instead, when a reduction is possible, the parser sometimes `looks ahead' to the next token to decide what to do. Whenever a token is read, it is not immediately shifted; first it becomes the em(look-ahead) token, which is not yet shifted on the stack. This allows the parser to perform one or more reductions, with the look-ahead token still waiting to be processed. Only when all available reductions have been performed the look-ahead token is shifted on the stack. The phrase `all em(available) reductions' does not necessarily mean all em(possible) reductions. Depending on the look-ahead token, a shift rather than a reduce may be performed in states in which both actions are possible. Here is a simple case where a look-ahead token is required. The production rules define expressions which may contain binary addition operators and postfix unary factorial operators (`tt(!)'), as well as parentheses for grouping expressions: verb( expr: term '+' expr | term ; term: '(' expr ')' | term '!' | NUMBER ; ) Suppose that the tokens `tt(1 + 2)' have been read and shifted; what should be done? If the following token is `CLOSEPAR', then the first three tokens must be reduced, forming an tt(expr). This is the only valid course, because shifting the `CLOSEPAR' would produce the sequence of symbols verb( term 'CLOSEPAR' ) which is not syntactically correct. But if the next token is `tt(!)', then that token must be shifted so that `tt(2 !)' can be reduced to recognize a tt(term). If in this case the parser would perform a reduction then `tt(1 + 2)' would become an tt(expr). In that case the `tt(!)' can't be shifted because doing so would result in the sequence verb( expr '!' ) which is also syntactically incorrect. COMMENT( As a technical aside: the current look-ahead token is stored in the parser's private data member tt(d_token). This data member is not normally modified by user-defined member functions. See section ref(SPECIAL). END) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/states.yo0000664000175000017500000001234114700504612022250 0ustar frankfrankHaving determined the tt(FIRST) set, b() determines the em(states) of the grammar. The analysis starts at the augmented grammar rule and proceeds until all possible states have been determined. In this analysis the concept of the em(dot) symbol is used. The em(dot) shows the position we are at when analyzing production rules defined by a grammar. Using the provided example grammar the analysis proceeds as follows: itemization( it() State 0: tt(start_$ -> . start)nl() At this point we haven't seen anything yet. The em(dot) is before the grammar's start symbol. The above is called an em(item) and the initial set of items of a state is called the set of em(kernel items). Except for the start rule, kernel items never have a dot before the very first symbol of a rule. In this particular state there's only one kernel item. Items are indexed, so this item receives index 0. Beyond, item indices are shown together with the items themselves. If a nonterminal follows immediately to the right of the dot, then all production rules of that nonterminal are added to the state as non-kernel items. Non-kernel items always have their dots at the very first position. Adding non-kernel items is a recursive process. If the rules of thus added items also show nonterminals to the right of the dot, then the production rules of those nonterminals are added too (unless they were already added). The above kernel item results in the addition of the following non-kernel items: itemization( it() item 1: tt(start -> . start expr) it() item 2: tt(start -> . ) ) From each of the items new states may be derived. New states are reached when the symbol to the right of the dot has been recognized. In that case a em(transition) (a em(goto)) to the next state takes place, where the dot has moved one postition to the right, defining a kernel item of the new state. Once the dot has reached the end of the rule, a em(reduction) may take place. Following a reduction a transition based on rule's LHS is performed. This procedure is discussed in more detail in section ref(PARSING). Looking at the current state's items, two actions are possible: itemization( it() On tt(start), to a state in which tt(start) has been seen (state 1) it() By default, a reduction by the rule tt(start -> . ) ) it() State 1: kernel items: itemization( it() item 0: tt(start_$ -> start .) it() item 1: tt(start -> start . expr) ) Since tt(expr) is a nonterminal to the right of the dot, we add all tt(expr) rules as this state's non-kernel items: itemization( it() item 2: tt(expr -> . NR) it() item 3: tt(expr -> . expr '+' expr) ) This state becomes the em(accepting) state: if EOF is reached in this state, the tt(start_$) rule has been recognized, and so the input was syntactically correct. But in this state transitions to other states are also possible: itemization( it() On tt(expr) to state 2 it() On NR to state 3 ) it() State 2: kernel items: itemization( it() item 0: tt(start -> start expr .) it() item 1: tt(expr -> expr . '+' expr) ) No nonterminal symbols appear to the right of the dots in these items, so no non-kernel items are added to this state. Transitions from this state are: itemization( it() On tt('+') to state 4 it() Or reduce to tt(start) according to its first item (removing two elements from the parser's stack). ) it() State 3: kernel items: itemization( it() item 0: tt(expr -> NR .) ) In this state only one action is possible: a reduction to tt(expr) (removing one element from the parser's stack). it() State 4: kernel item: itemization( it() item 0: tt(expr -> expr '+' . expr) ) Since tt(expr) is a nonterminal to the right of the dot, we add all tt(expr) rules as this state's non-kernel items: itemization( it() item 1: tt(expr -> . NR) it() item 2: tt(expr -> . expr '+' expr) ) In this state the following transitions are possible: itemization( it() On tt(expr) to state 5 it() On tt(NR) we reach the situation tt(expr -> NR .) which has already been encountered at state 3. That's OK, so on tt(NR) there is a transition to state 3. ) Note that in order to return to a previously defined state that state must have exactly the required kernel items. So, if state 3 would contain multiple kernel items, a new state would have been required, merely having the tt(expr -> NR .) kernel item. it() State 5: kernel items: itemization( it() item 0: tt(expr -> expr '+' expr .) it() item 1: tt(expr -> expr . '+' expr) ) In this state two actions are possible: itemization( it() On tt('+') to state 4 it() Or reduce to tt(expr) according to its first item (removing three elements from the parser's stack). ) As explained in the next section this state's first action is never selected: in this state only the reduction is selected. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/pstates.yo0000664000175000017500000000326414700504612022434 0ustar frankfrankThe member function tt(parse()) is implemented using a finite-state machine. The values pushed on the parser stack are not simply token type codes; they represent the entire sequence of terminal and nonterminal symbols at or near the top of the stack. The current state collects all the information about previous input which is relevant to deciding what to do next. Each time a look-ahead token is read, the current parser state together with the current (not yet processed) token are looked up in a table. This table entry can say em(Shift the token). This also specifies a new parser state, which is then pushed onto the top of the parser stack. Or it can say em(Reduce using rule number n). This means that a certain number of tokens or nonterminals are removed from the stack, and that the rule's nonterminal becomes the `next token' to be considered. That `next token' is then used in combination with the state then at the stack's top, to determine the next state to consider. This (next) state is then again pushed on the stack, and a new token is requested from the lexical scanner, and the process repeats itself. There are two special situations the parsing algorithm must consider: itemization( it() First, the lexical scanner may reach em(end-of-input). If the current state on top of the parser's stack is the start-state, then the reduction (which is called for in this situation) is in fact the (successful) end of the parsing process, and tt(parse()) returns the value 0, indicating a successful parsing. it() There is one other alternative: the table can say that the token is erroneous in the current state. This causes error processing to begin (see chapter ref(RECOVERY)). ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/precdemos.yo0000664000175000017500000000111714700504612022725 0ustar frankfrankIn our example, we would want the following declarations: verb( %left '<' %left '-' %left '*' ) In a more complete example, which supports other operators as well, we would declare them in groups of equal precedence. For example, 'tt(+)' is declared with 'tt(-)': verb( %left '<' '>' '=' NE LE GE %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' ) (Here tt(NE) and so on stand for the operators for `not equal' and so on. We assume that these tokens are more than one character long and therefore are represented by names, not character literals.) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/reduce.yo0000664000175000017500000000551514700504612022221 0ustar frankfrankA em(reduce/reduce conflict) occurs if there are two or more rules that apply to the same sequence of input. This usually indicates a serious error in the grammar. For example, here is an erroneous attempt to define a sequence of zero or more words: verbinsert(-as4 demos/rr1) The error is an ambiguity: there is more than one way to parse a single word into a sequence. It could be reduced to a maybeword and then into a sequence via the second rule. Alternatively, nothing-at-all could be reduced into a sequence via the first rule, and this could be combined with the word using the third rule for sequence. There is also more than one way to reduce nothing-at-all into a sequence. This can be done directly via the first rule, or indirectly via maybeword and then the second rule. You might think that this is a distinction without a difference, because it does not change whether any particular input is valid or not. But it does affect which actions are run. One parsing order runs the second rule's action; the other runs the first rule's action and the third rule's action. In this example, the output of the program changes. B() resolves a reduce/reduce conflict by choosing to use the rule that appears first in the grammar, but it is very risky to rely on this. Every reduce/reduce conflict must be studied and usually eliminated. Here is the proper way to define sequence: verb( sequence: // empty { printf ("empty sequence\n"); } | sequence word { printf ("added word %s\n", $2); } ; ) Here is another common error that yields a reduce/reduce conflict: verb( sequence: // empty | sequence words | sequence redirects ; words: // empty | words word ; redirects: // empty | redirects redirect ; ) The intention here is to define a sequence containing either tt(word) or tt(redirect) nonterminals. The individual definitions of sequence, words and redirects are error-free, but the three together make a subtle ambiguity: even an empty input can be parsed in infinitely many ways! Consider: nothing-at-all could be a words. Or it could be two words in a row, or three, or any number. It could equally well be a redirects, or two, or any number. Or it could be a words followed by three redirects and another words. And so on. Here are two ways to correct these rules. First, to make it a single level of sequence: verb( sequence: // empty | sequence word | sequence redirect ; ) Second, to prevent either a words or a redirects from being empty: verb( sequence: // empty | sequence words | sequence redirects ; words: word | words word ; redirects: redirect | redirects redirect ; ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/intro.yo0000664000175000017500000001022214700504612022074 0ustar frankfrankThis chapter describes the algorithm that is used by b(). Generating parsers of course begins with a grammar to be analyzed. The analysis consists of these steps: itemization( it() First, a set of tt(FIRST) tokens is determined. The tt(FIRST) set of a nonterminal defines all terminal tokens that can be encountered when beginning to recognize that nonterminal. it() Having determined the tt(FIRST) set, the grammar itself is analyzed. Starting from the start rule all possible syntactically correct derivations of the grammar are determined. it() At each state actions are defined that are eventually used by the parser to determine what to do in a particular state. These actions are based on the next available token and may either involve a transition to another state (called a em(shift), since it involves processing a token by `shifting' over the next part of the input) or it may involve a reduction (a em(reduce) action), in which the parser stack's size is somewhat reduced. In the latter case, if an em(action) is associated with a particular rule, the action is executed as a side effect of the reduction. it() Sometimes the analysis takes the parser generator to a state in which a choice between a em(shift) or a em(reduce) action must be made. This is called a em(shift-reduce) conflict. Sometimes the parser generator is able to solve these conflicts itself, by looking at the next available token (the em(look-ahead) token). If the next token is not a possible continuation for either a shift or a reduce action that particular continuation can be discarded. Likewise, two reductions may be encountered in a state (a em(reduce-reduce) conflict). Here the same reasoning can be applied, maybe resulting in discarding one of the possible reductions. In all other cases (i.e., if the look-ahead token is possible for both continuations) a true conflict is observed which somehow is solved by the grammar designer. If the designer doesn't select an particular action, the parser generator reports a conflict and selects a default action. By default a em(shift) is used, rather than a em(reduce). With a em(reduce-reduce) conflict the default action is to reduce by the rule listed first in the grammar. it() In cases where input is not structured according to the rules of the grammar, a em(syntactic error) is observed. Error recovery may be attempted, to allow the parser to continue parsing. This is a desirable characteristic since it provides the user of a program with a full syntactic error report, rather than one error at a time. it() Following the analysis of the grammar, code is generated and the parsing algorithm (implemented in the parser's tt(parse()) function) processes input according to the tables generated by the parser generator. ) All the above phases are illustrated and discussed in the next sections. Additional details of the parsing process can be found in various books about compiler construction, e.g., in Aho, Sethi and Ullman's (2003) book bf(Compilers) (Addison-Wesley). In the sections below, the following grammar is used to illustrate the various phases: verb( %token NR %left '+' %% start: start expr | // empty ; expr: NR | expr '+' expr ; ) The grammar is interesting as it has a rule containing an empty alternative and because it harbors a shift-reduce conflict. The shift-reduce conflict is solved by explictly assigning a priority and association to the tt('+') token. The analysis starts by defining an additional rule, which is recognized (reduced) at end of input. This rule and the rules specified in the grammar together define what is known as the em(augmented grammar). In the coming sections the symbol tt($) is used to indicate `end of input'. From the above grammar the following augmented grammar is derived: verb( 1. start: start expr 2. start: // empty 3. expr: NR 4. expr: expr '+' expr 5. start_$: start (input ends here) ) b() itself produces an extensive analysis of any grammar it is offered when the option tt(--construction) is provided. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/first.yo0000664000175000017500000000407314700504612022077 0ustar frankfrankThe tt(FIRST) set defines all terminal tokens that can be encountered when beginning to recognize a grammatical symbol. For each grammatical symbol (terminal and nonterminal) a tt(FIRST) set can be determined as follows: itemization( it() The tt(FIRST) set of a terminal symbol is the symbol itself. it() The tt(FIRST) set of an empty alternative is the empty set. The empty set is indicated by epsilon() and is considered an actual element of the tt(FIRST) set (So, a tt(FIRST) set could contain two elements: tt('+') em(and) epsilon()). it() If X has a production rule tt(X: X1 X2 X3..., Xi, ...Xn), then initialize fst(X) to empty (i.e., not even holding epsilon()). Then, for each Xi (1..n): itemization( it() add fst(Xi) to fst(X) it() stop when fst(Xi) does not contain epsilon() ) If fst(Xn) does not contain epsilon() remove epsilon() from fst(X) (unless analyzing another production rule) epsilon() is already part of fst(X). ) When starting this algorithm, only the nonterminals need to be considered. Also, required tt(FIRST) sets may not yet be available. Therefore the above algorithm iterates over all nonterminals until no changes were observed. In the algorithm tt($) is not considered. Applying the above algorithm to the rules of our grammar we get: table(4)(llll)( rowline() fstrow(nonterminal)(rule)(FIRST set) rowline() fstrow(tt(start_$)) (tt(start)) (not yet available) fstrow(tt(start)) (tt(start expr)) (not yet available) fstrow(tt(start)) (tt(// empty)) (epsilon()) fstrow(tt(expr)) (tt(NR)) (tt(NR)) fstrow(tt(expr)) (tt(expr '+' expr)) (tt(NR)) rowline() row(cell(changes in the next cycle:)) fstrow(tt(start)) (tt(start expr)) (tt(NR) epsilon()) fstrow(tt(start)) (tt(// empty)) (tt(NR) epsilon()) rowline() row(cell(changes in the next cycle:)) fstrow(tt(start_$)) (tt(start)) (tt(NR) epsilon()) rowline() row(cell(no further changes)) ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/whenprec.yo0000664000175000017500000000344114700504612022561 0ustar frankfrankConsider the following ambiguous grammar fragment (ambiguous because the input `tt(1 - 2 * 3)' can be parsed in two different ways): verb( expr: expr '-' expr | expr '*' expr | expr '<' expr | '(' expr ')' ... ; ) Suppose the parser has seen the tokens `tt(1)', `tt(-') and `tt(2)'; should it reduce them via the rule for the addition operator? It depends on the next token. Of course, if the next token is `CLOSEPAR', we must reduce; shifting is invalid because no single rule can reduce the token sequence `tt(- 2) CLOSEPAR' or anything starting with that. But if the next token is `tt(*)' or `tt(<)', we have a choice: either shifting or reduction would allow the parse to complete, but with different results. To decide which one b() should do, we must consider the results. If the next operator token tt(op) is shifted, then it must be reduced first in order to permit another opportunity to reduce the sum. The result is (in effect) `tt(1 - (2 op 3))'. On the other hand, if the subtraction is reduced before shifting tt(op), the result is `tt((1 - 2) op 3)'. Clearly, then, the choice of shift or reduce should depend on the relative precedence of the operators `tt(-)' and tt(op): `tt(*)' should be shifted first, but not `tt(<)'. What about input such as `tt(1 - 2 - 5)'; should this be `tt((1 - 2) - 5)' or should it be `tt(1 - (2 - 5))'? For most operators we prefer the former, which is called em(left association). The latter alternative, em(right association), is desirable for, e.g., assignment operators. The choice of left or right association is a matter of whether the parser chooses to shift or reduce when the stack contains `tt(1 - 2)' and the look-ahead token is `tt(-)': shifting results in right-associativity. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/precedence.yo0000664000175000017500000000045514700504612023045 0ustar frankfrankShift/reduce conflicts are frequently encountered in grammars specifying rules of arithmetic expressions. Here shifting is not always the preferred resolution; the b() directives for operator precedence allow you to specify when to shift and when to reduce. How and when to do so is discussed next. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/algorithm/condep.yo0000664000175000017500000000307614700504612022222 0ustar frankfrankOften the precedence of an operator depends on the context. This sounds outlandish at first, but it is really very common. For example, a minus sign typically has a very high precedence as a unary operator, and a somewhat lower precedence (lower than multiplication) as a binary operator. The b() precedence directives, %left, %right and %nonassoc, can only be used once for a given token; so a token has only one precedence declared in this way. For context-dependent precedence, you need to use an additional mechanism: the %prec modifier for rules. The %prec modifier declares the precedence of a particular (non-empty) rule by specifying a terminal symbol whose precedence should be used for that rule. It's not necessary for that symbol to appear otherwise in the rule. The modifier's syntax is: verb(%prec terminal-symbol) and it is written after the components of the rule. Its effect is to assign the rule the precedence of terminal-symbol, overriding the precedence that would be deduced for it in the ordinary way. The altered rule precedence then affects how conflicts involving that rule are resolved (see section Operator Precedence). Here is how %prec solves the problem of unary minus. First, declare a precedence for a fictitious terminal symbol named UMINUS. There are no tokens of this type, but the symbol serves to stand for its precedence: verb( ... %left '+' '-' %left '*' %left UMINUS ) Now the precedence of UMINUS can be used in specific rules: verb( exp: ... | exp '-' exp ... | '-' exp %prec UMINUS ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/underscores.yo0000664000175000017500000000233714700504612021317 0ustar frankfrank Starting with version 6.02.00 b() reserved identifiers no longer end in two underscore characters, but in one. This modification was necessary because according to the bf(C++) standard identifiers having two or more consecutive underscore characters are reserved by the language. In practice this could require some minor modifications of existing source files using b()'s facilities, most likely limited to changing tt(Tokens__) into tt(Tokens_) and changing tt(Meta__) into tt(Meta_). The complete list of affected names is: description( dit(Enums:) quote( DebugMode_, ErrorRecovery_, Return_, Tag_, Tokens_ ) dit(Enums values:) quote( PARSE_ABORT_, PARSE_ACCEPT_, UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_, sizeofTag_ ) dit(Type / namespace designators:) quote( Meta_, PI_, STYPE_ ) dit(Member functions:) quote( clearin_, errorRecovery_, errorVerbose_, executeAction_, lex_, lookup_, nextCycle_, nextToken_, popToken_, pop_, print_, pushToken_, push_, recovery_, redoToken_, reduce_, savedToken_, shift_, stackSize_, startRecovery_, state_, token_, top_, vs_, ) dit(Protected data members:) quote( d_acceptedTokens_, d_actionCases_, d_debug_, d_nErrors_, d_requiredTokens_, d_val_, idOfTag_, s_nErrors_ ) ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/class/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612017512 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/class/public.yo0000664000175000017500000001152114700504612021341 0ustar frankfrank Parser classes generated by b() offer the following public constructor, enums, members and types (in the following overview parser class-name prefixes (e.g., tt(Parser::)) prefixes were omitted): itemization( it() Constructors: the generated parser class merely defines the default constructor. Copy and move constructors are not available. The default constructor is a real default: it is declared as such in the parser's header file. Additional constructors can easily be added to the parser class's interface. Since the initialization of the parser's base class is performed by the parser base class's default constructor, constructors that are added to the generated parser class automatically call the base class constructor, so additional constructors do not have to explicitly initialize the parser's base class. it() bf(DebugMode_):nl() The values of this tt(enum) are used to configure the type of debug information that will be displayed (assuming that the tt(debug) option/directive was specified when bic() generated the parser's code). It has three values: tt(OFF): no debug information is displayed when the generated parser's tt(parse) function is called; tt(ON): extensive debug information about the parsing process is displayed when the generated parser's tt(parse) function is called; tt(ACTIONCASES): just before executing the grammar's action blocks the action block number is written to the standard output stream. These action block numbers refer to case labels of the switch that is defined in the parser's tt(executeAction) function. It is commonly used to find the action block where a fatal semantic value mismatch was observed. The tt(bit_or) operator can be used to combine tt(ON) and tt(ACTIONCASES) (see the member function tt(setDebug(DebugMode_ mode)) below). it() bf(LTYPE_):nl() The parser's location type (user-definable). Available only when either tt(%lsp-needed, %ltype) or tt(%locationstruct) has been declared. it() bf(STYPE_):nl() The parser's stack-type (user-definable), defaults to bf(int). it() bf(Tokens_):nl() The enumeration type of all the symbolic tokens defined in the grammar file (i.e., bic()'s input file). The scanner should be prepared to return these symbolic tokens. Note that, since the symbolic tokens are defined in the parser's class and not in the scanner's class, the lexical scanner must prefix the parser's class name to the symbolic token names when they are returned. E.g., tt(return Parser::IDENT) should be used rather than tt(return IDENT). it() bf(int parse()):nl() The parser's parsing member function. It returns 0 when parsing was successfully completed; 1 if errors were encountered while parsing the input. it() bf(void setDebug(bool mode)):nl() This member can be used to activate or deactivate the debug-code compiled into the parsing function. It is always defined but is only operational if the tt(debug) directive option was specified when bic() generated the tt(parse) function. If so, it is em(not) active by default; to activate the debug output call tt(setDebug(true)), to suppress the debug output call tt(setDebug(false)). it() bf(void setDebug(DebugMode_ mode)):nl() This member can also be used to activate or deactivate the debug-code compiled into the parsing function. Like tt(setDebug(bool)) it is always defined but only operational if the tt(debug) directive option was specified when bic() generated the tt(parse) function. If so, it is em(not) active by default; to activate, call tt(setDebug(Parser::ON), setDebug(Parser::ACTIONCASES)), or tt(setDebug(Parser::ON | Parser::ACTIONCASES)). To suppress the debug code output call tt(setDebug(Parser_::OFF)) or simply tt(setDebug(false)). ) When the tt(%polymorphic) directive is used: itemization( it() bf(Meta_):nl() Templates and classes that are required for implementing the polymorphic semantic values are all declared in the tt(Meta_) namespace. The tt(Meta_) namespace itself is nested under the namespace that may have been declared by the tt(%namespace) directive. it() bf(Tag_):nl() The (strongly typed) tt(enum class Tag_) contains all the tag-identifiers specified by the tt(%polymorphic) directive. It is declared outside of the Parser's class, but within the namespace that may have been declared by the tt(%namespace) directive. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/class/anonymous.yo0000664000175000017500000000727414700504612022125 0ustar frankfrank In the file defining the tt(parse) function the following types and variables are defined in the anonymous namespace. These are mentioned here for the sake of completeness, and are not normally accessible to other parts of the parser. itemization( it() bf(char const author[]):nl() Defining the name and e-mail address of Bic()'s author. it() bf(Reserved_):nl() This enumeration defines some token values used internally by the parsing functions. They are: verb( UNDETERMINED_ = -2, EOF_ = -1, errTok_ = 256, ) These tokens are used by the parser to determine whether another token should be requested from the lexical scanner, and to handle error-conditions. it() bf(StateType):nl() This enumeration defines several additional token values used internally by the parsing functions. They are: verb( NORMAL, ERR_ITEM, REQ_TOKEN, ERR_REQ, // ERR_ITEM | REQ_TOKEN DEF_RED, // state having default reduction ERR_DEF, // ERR_ITEM | DEF_RED REQ_DEF, // REQ_TOKEN | DEF_RED ERR_REQ_DEF // ERR_ITEM | REQ_TOKEN | DEF_RED ) These tokens are used by the parser to define the types of the various states of the analyzed grammar. it() bf(StateTransition) This enumeration only defines a single symbolic constant: tt(ACCEPT_), which is used in the state transition tables to indicate that the em(accepting state) has been reached. it() bf(PI_) (Production Info):nl() This tt(struct) provides information about production rules. It has two fields: tt(d_nonTerm) is the identification number of the production's nonterminal, tt(d_size) represents the number of elements of the productin rule. it() bf(static PI_ s_productionInfo):nl() Used internally by the parsing function. it() bf(SR_) (Shift-Reduce Info):nl() This tt(struct) provides the shift/reduce information for the various grammatic states. tt(SR_) values are collected in arrays, one array per grammatic state. These array, named tt(s_)tt(), where tt is a state number are defined in the anonymous namespace as well. The tt(SR_) elements consist of two unions, defining fields that are applicable to, respectively, the first, intermediate and the last array elements.nl() The first element of each array consists of (1st field) a tt(StateType) and (2nd field) the index of the last array element; intermediate elements consist of (1st field) a symbol value and (2nd field) (if negative) the production rule number reducing to the indicated symbol value or (if positive) the next state when the symbol given in the 1st field is the current token; the last element of each array consists of (1st field) a placeholder for the current token and (2nd field) the (negative) rule number to reduce to by default or the (positive) number of an error-state to go to when an erroneous token has been retrieved. If the 2nd field is zero, no error or default action has been defined for the state, and error-recovery is attepted. it() bf(STACK_EXPANSION_):nl() An enumeration value specifying the number of additional elements that are added to the state- and semantic value stacks when full. it() bf(static SR_ s_[]):nl() Here, tt() is a numerical value representing a state number. Used internally by the parsing function. it() bf(static SR_ *s_state[]):nl() Used internally by the parsing function. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/class/privmembers.yo0000664000175000017500000001541414700504612022423 0ustar frankfrank The following members can be used by members of parser classes generated by bic(). When prefixed by tt(Base::) they are actually protected members inherited from the parser's base class. These members are shown below. Following the description of those members several more are listed: those members are used during the parsing process, andshould not be modified or masked by user-defined code. itemization( it() bf(void Base::ABORT() const throw(Return_)):nl() This member can be called from any member function (called from any of the parser's action blocks) to indicate a failure while parsing thus terminating the parsing function with an error value 1. Note that this offers a marked extension and improvement of the macro tt(YYABORT) defined by bf(bison++) in that tt(YYABORT) could not be called from outside of the parsing member function. it() bf(void Base::ACCEPT() const throw(Return_)):nl() This member can be called from any member function (called from any of the parser's action blocks) to indicate successful parsing and thus terminating the parsing function. Note that this offers a marked extension and improvement of the macro tt(YYACCEPT) defined by bf(bison++) in that tt(YYACCEPT) could not be called from outside of the parsing member function. it() bf(void Base::ERROR+nop()() const throw(ErrorRecovery_)):nl() This member can be called from any member function (called from any of the parser's action blocks) to generate an error, and results in the parser executing its error recovery code. Note that this offers a marked extension and improvement of the macro tt(YYERROR) defined by bf(bison++) in that tt(YYERROR) could not be called from outside of the parsing member function. it() bf(void error()):nl() By default implemented inline in the tt(parser.ih) internal header file, it writes a simple message to the standard error stream. It is called when a syntactic error is encountered, and its default implementation may safely be altered. it() bf(void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc)):nl() This member's default implementation is provided inline in the tt(parser.ih) internal header file. It consists of a mere tt(throw) statement, rethrowing a caught exception. The tt(parse) member function's body essentially consists of a tt(while) statement, in which the next token is obtained via the parser's tt(lex) member. This token is then processed according to the current state of the parsing process. This may result in executing actions over which the parsing process has no control and which may result in exceptions being thrown. Such exceptions do not necessarily have to terminate the parsing process: they could be thrown by code, linked to the parser, that simply checks for semantic errors (like divisions by zero) throwing exceptions if such errors are observed. The member tt(exceptionHandler) receives and may handle such exceptions without necessarily ending the parsing process. It receives any tt(std::exception) thrown by the parser's actions, as though the action block itself was surrounded by a tt(try ... catch) statement. It is of course still possible to use an explicit tt(try ... catch) statement within action blocks. However, tt(exceptionHandler) can be used to factor out code that is common to various action blocks. The next example shows an explicit implementation of tt(exceptionHandler): any tt(std::exception) thrown by the parser's action blocks is caught, showing the exception's message, and increasing the parser's error count. After this parsing continues as if no exception had been thrown: verb( void Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { std::cout << exc.what() << '\n'; ++d_nErrors_; } ) it() bf(int lex()):nl() By default implemented inline in the tt(parser.ih) internal header file, it can be pre-implemented by bic() using the tt(scanner) option or directive (see above); alternatively it em(must) be implemented by the programmer. It interfaces to the lexical scanner, and should return the next token produced by the lexical scanner, either as a plain character or as one of the symbolic tokens defined in the tt(Parser::Tokens_) enumeration. Zero or negative token values are interpreted as `end of input'. it() bf(void print()):nl() By default implemented inline in the tt(parser.ih) internal header file, this member calls tt(print_) to display the last received token and corresponding matched text. The tt(print_) member is only implemented if the tt(--print-tokens) option or tt(%print-tokens) directive was used when the parsing function was generated. Calling tt(print_) from tt(print) is unconditional, but can easily be controlled by the using program, by defining, e.g., a command-line option. it() bf(size_t stackSize_+nop()() const):nl() Returns the current number of elements in the parser's state-stack. it() bf(size_t state_+nop()() const):nl() Returns the current parsing-state. it() bf(bool Base::recovery_+nop()() const):nl() Returns tt(true) while recovering from a syntax error. it() bf(int Base::token_+nop()() const):nl() Returns the currently considered token. ) The following members are required during the parsing process. They should not be modified or masked by user-defined code: itemization( it() bf(Base::ParserBase()) it() bf(void Base::clearin_+nop()()()) it() bf(void errorRecovery_+nop()()) it() bf(void Base::errorVerbose_+nop()()) it() bf(void executeAction_+nop()(int)) it() bf(int lex_(int token)) it() bf(int Base::lookup+nop()()) it() bf(LTYPE_ const &lsp_(int) const)nl() (only available when tt(%lsp-needed, %ltype) or tt(%locationstruct) was specified). it() bf(void nextCycle_+nop()()) it() bf(void nextToken_+nop()()) it() bf(void Base::pop_+nop()()) it() bf(void Base::popToken_+nop()()) it() bf(void print_()()) it() bf(void Base::push_+nop()()) it() bf(void Base::pushToken_+nop()()) it() bf(void Base::shift_+nop()(int state)) it() bf(void Base::redoToken_+nop()(int rule)) it() bf(void Base::reduce_+nop()(int rule)) it() bf(void Base::savedToken_+nop()()) it() bf(void Base::symbol_+nop()()) it() bf(void Base::startRecovert_+nop()()) it() bf(void Base::top_+nop()()) it() bf(int Base::token_+nop()() const) it() bf(void Base::vs_+nop()(int idx)) ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/class/features.yo0000664000175000017500000000275114700504612021706 0ustar frankfrankHere is an overview of special syntactic constructions that may be used inside action blocks: itemization( itt($$) and tt($i) notations represent semantic values of the nonterminal defined by production rules and semantic values of components of production rules. Different `dollar-notations' are available for different types (single, union, or polymorphic) of semantic values. Refer to section ref(ACTIONS) for a complete description. itt(@@) and tt(@n): Usually these represent plain old data (a bf(C)-type structure) containing information about line numbers and column numbers that is associated with, respectively, the rule's nonterminal and the production rule's n+sups(th) component. The default structure is defined like this (see also section ref(LSPNEEDED)): verb( struct LTYPE_ { int timestamp; int first_line; int first_column; int last_line; int last_column; char *text; }; ) Thus, to get the starting line number of the third component, you would use tt(@3.first_line). In order for the members of this structure to contain valid information, you must make sure the lexical scanner supplies this information about each token. If you need only certain fields, then the lexical scanner only has to provide those fields. Be advised that using this or corresponding (custom-defined, see sections ref(LTYPE) and ref(LOCSTRUCT)) constructions may somewhat slow down the parsing process. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/class/privenum.yo0000664000175000017500000000320614700504612021731 0ustar frankfrank The following enumerations and types can be used by members of parser classes generated by bic(). They are actually protected members inherited from the parser's base class. itemization( it() bf(Base::ErrorRecovery_):nl() This enumeration defines one values: verb( UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_ ) When the parsing process throws tt(UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_) the recovery procedure is started (i.e., it is started whenever a syntactic error is encountered or tt(ERROR)tt(()) is called). The recovery procedure consists of (1) looking for the first state on the state-stack having an error-production, followed by (2) handling all state transitions that are possible without retrieving a terminal token. Then, in the state requiring a terminal token and starting with the initial unexpected token (3) all subsequent terminal tokens are ignored until a token is retrieved which is a continuation token in that state. If the error recovery procedure fails (i.e., if no acceptable token is ever encountered) error recovery falls back to the default recovery mode: the parsing process terminates. it() bf(Base::Return_):nl() This enumeration defines two values: verb( PARSE_ACCEPT = 0, PARSE_ABORT = 1 ) (which are also used as the tt(parse) function's return values). ) When the tt(%polymorphic) directive is used: itemization( it() bf(Meta_::sizeofTag_):nl() tt(sizeofTag_) defines the number of tags that were defined for polymorphic semantic values. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/class/lex.yo0000664000175000017500000000444514700504612020662 0ustar frankfrank The tt(int lex()) private member function is called by the tt(parse()) member to obtain the next lexical token. By default it is not implemented, but the tt(%scanner) directive (see section ref(SCANNER)) may be used to pre-implement a standard interface to a lexical analyzer. The tt(lex()) member function interfaces to the lexical scanner, and it is expected to return the next token produced by the lexical scanner. This token may either be a plain character or it may be one of the symbolic tokens defined in the bf(Parser::Tokens) enumeration. Any zero or negative token value is interpreted as `end of input', causing tt(parse()) to return. The tt(lex()) member function may be implemented in various ways: itemization( it() By default, if the tt(--scanner) option or tt(%scanner) directive is provided bic() assumes that it should interface to the scanner generated by bf(flexc++)(1). In this case, the scanner token function is called as verb( d_scanner.lex() ) and the scanner's matched text function is called as verb( d_scanner.matched() ) it() tt(lex()) may itself implement a lexical analyzer (a em(scanner)). This may actually be a useful option when the input offered to the program using b()'s parser class is not overly complex. This approach was used when implementing the earlier examples (see sections ref(RPNLEX) and ref(MFLEX)). it() tt(lex()) may call a external function or member function of class implementing a lexical scanner, and return the information offered by this external function. When using a class, an object of that class could also be defined as additional data member of the parser (see the next alternative). This approach can be followed when generating a lexical scanner from a lexical scanner generating tool like bf(lex)(1) or bf(flex++)(1). The latter program allows its users to generate a scanner em(class). it() To interface bic() to code generated by bf(flex)(1), the tt(--flex) option or tt(%flex) directive can be used in combination with the tt(--scanner) directive or tt(%scanner) option. In this case the scanner token function is called as verb( d_scanner.yylex() ) and the scanner's matched text function is called as verb( d_scanner.YYText() ) ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/class/intro.yo0000664000175000017500000000550514700504612021223 0ustar frankfrankB() generates a bf(C++) parser em(class), rather than a parsing em(function), like Bison. B()'s class is a plain bf(C++) class and not a fairly complex macro-based class as generated by Bison++. The bf(C++) class generated by b() does not require em(virtual) members (when polymorphic semantic values are used (cf. section ref(POLYMORPHIC) a polymorphic base class em(is) used, but that class has no further implications for the parser class generated by bic()); in this case polymorphism is merely used internally, inaccessible to bic()'s user, to define a common interface for the various polymorphic data types). The generated parser class's essential member (the member tt(parse)) is generated from the grammar specification and so the software engineer will therefore hardly ever feel the need to modify that function. All but a few of the remaining predefined members have very clear definitions and meanings as well, making it unlikely that they should ever require overriding. It is likely that members like tt(lex) and/or tt(error) need dedicated definitions with different parsers generated by bic(); but then again: while defining the grammar the definition of the associated support members is a natural extension of defining the grammar, and can be realized em(in parallel) with defining the grammar, in practice not requiring any virtual members. By not requiring virtual members the parser's class organization is simplified, and calling non-virtual members will be just a trifle faster than calling these member functions as virtual functions. In this chapter all available members and features of the generated parser class are discussed. Having read this chapter you should be able to use the generated parser class in your program (using its public members) and to use its facilities in the actions defined for the various production rules and/or use these facilities in additional class members that you might have defined yourself. In the remainder of this chapter the class's public members are first discussed, to be followed by the class's private members. While constructing the grammar all private members are available in the action parts of the grammar's production rules. Furthermore, any member (and so not just from the action blocks) may generate errors (thus initiating error recovery procedures) and may flag the (un)successful parsing of the information given to the parser (terminating the parsing function tt(parse)). Symbols defined in the generated parser and parser base class usually end in an underscore character. Such symbols should not be masked or redefined. Some members have names not ending in an underscore character. Those names have either historically been used (like tt(parse) and tt(ERROR)) or they can be redefined by the user (like tt(int lex()) and tt(void print())). Their specific requirements are documented below. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/class/privdata.yo0000664000175000017500000001226114700504612021677 0ustar frankfrank The following private members can be used by members of parser classes generated by b(). All data members are actually protected members inherited from the parser's base class. itemization( it() bf(size_t d_acceptedTokens_):nl() Counts the number of accepted tokens since the start of the tt(parse()) function or since the last detected syntactic error. It is initialized to tt(d_requiredTokens_) to allow an early error to be detected as well. it() bf(bool d_actionCases_):nl() When the bf(debug) option has been specified, this variable (bf(false) by default) determines whether the numbers of the case-entries that are about to be executed by the parser's tt(executeAction) member are displayed to the standard output stream. it() bf(bool d_debug_):nl() When the bf(debug) option has been specified, this variable (bf(true) by default) determines whether debug information is actually displayed. it() bf(LTYPE_ d_loc_):nl() The location type value associated with a terminal token. It can be used by, e.g., lexical scanners to pass location information of a matched token to the parser in parallel with a returned token. It is available only when bf(%lsp-needed, %ltype) or bf(%locationstruct) has been defined. nl() Lexical scanners may be offered the facility to assign a value to this variable in parallel with a returned token. In order to allow a scanner access to bf(d_loc_), bf(d_loc_)'s address should be passed to the scanner. This can be realized, for example, by defining a member bf(void setLoc(LTYPE_ *loc)) in the lexical scanner, which is then called from the parser's constructor as follows: verb( d_scanner.setSLoc(&d_loc_); ) Subsequently, the lexical scanner may assign a value to the parser's bf(d_loc_) variable through the pointer to bf(d_loc_) stored inside the lexical scanner. it() bf(size_t d_nErrors_):nl() The number of errors counted by tt(parse()). It is initialized by the parser's base class initializer, and is updated while tt(parse()) executes. When tt(parse()) has returned it contains the total number of errors counted by tt(parse()). Errors are not counted if suppressed (i.e., if tt(d_acceptedTokens_) is less than tt(d_requiredTokens_)). it() bf(size_t d_requiredTokens_):nl() Defines the minimum number of accepted tokens that the tt(parse()) function must have processed before a syntactic error can be generated. it() label(DVAL) bf(STYPE_ d_val_):nl() The semantic value of a returned token or nonterminal symbol. With nonterminal tokens it is assigned a value through the action rule's symbol bf($$). Lexical scanners may be offered the facility to assign a semantic value to this variable in parallel with a returned token. To allow a scanner access to bf(d_val_), bf(d_val_)'s address should be passed to the scanner. This can be realized, for example, by defining a member bf(void setSval(STYPE_ *)) in the lexical scanner, which is then called from the parser's constructor as follows: verb( d_scanner.setSval(&d_val_); ) Subsequently, the lexical scanner may assign a value to the parser's bf(d_val_) variable through the pointer to bf(d_val_) stored inside the lexical scanner. Note that in some cases this approach em(must) be used to make available the correct semantic value to the parser. In particular, when a grammar state defines multiple reductions, depending on the next token, the reduction's action only takes place following the retrieval of the next token, thus losing the initially matched token text. As an example, consider the following little grammar: verb( expr: name | ident '(' ')' | NR ; name: IDENT ; ident: IDENT ; ) Having recognized tt(IDENT) two reductions are possible: to tt(name) and to tt(ident). The reduction to tt(ident) is appropriate when the next token is tt(CHAR(40)), otherwise the reduction to tt(name) is performed. So, the parser asks for the next token, thereby destroying the text matching tt(IDENT) before tt(ident) or tt(name)'s actions are able to save the text themselves. To enure the availability of the text matching tt(IDENT) is situations like these the em(scanner) must assign the proper semantic value when it recognizes a token. Consequently the parser's tt(d_val_) data member must be made available to the scanner. If tt(STYPE_) is a wrapper type for polymorphic semantic values, then direct assignment of values to tt(d_val_) is is only possible from values of the defined polymorphic data types. More complex assignments are also possible, using em(tagged assignments)+IFDEF(MANUAL)(, as explained in section ref(POLYTYPE))(). ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612017536 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error/semantical.yo0000664000175000017500000000503514700504612022232 0ustar frankfrankSemantic error recovery once again requires judgment on the part of the grammar-writer. For example, an assignment expression may be syntactically defined as verb( expr '=' expr ) The assignment operator's left-hand side must be a so-called em(lvalue). An em(lvalue) is simply an addressable location, like a variable's identifier, a dereferenced pointer expression or some other address-expression. The right-hand side is a so-called em(rvalue): this may be any value: any expression will do. A rule like the above leaves room for many different semantic errors: itemization( it() Since the rule's LHS equals tt(expr), em(any) expression is accepted by the parser. E.g., verb( 3 = 12 ) So, the action associated with this rule should em(check) whether the expression's left-hand side is actually an lvalue. If not, a em(semantic) error should be reported; it() In a typed language (like bf(C++)), not all assignments are possible. E.g., it is not acceptable to assign a bf(std:string) value to a bf(double) variable. When conflicting types are used, a em(semantic) error should be reported; it() In a language requiring variables to be defined or declared before they are used (like bf(C++)) the parser should check whether a variable is actually defined or declared when it is used in an expression. If not, a em(semantic) error should be reported ) A parser that should be able to detect semantic errors normally uses a counter counting the number of semantic errors, e.g., tt(size_t d_nSemanticErrors). It may be possible to test this counter's value once the input has been parsed, calling tt(ABORT()) (see section ref(PRIVMEM)) if the counter isn't zero anymore. When the grammar's start symbol itself has multiple alternatives, it is probably easiest to augment the grammar with an additional rule, becoming the augmented grammar's start symbol which simply calls the former start symbol. For example, if tt(input) was the name of the original start-symbol, augment the grammar as follows to ensure a bf(PARSE_ABORT) return value of the tt(parse()) member when either syntactic or semantic errors were detected: verb( semantic_input: // new start-symbol input { if (d_nSemanticErrors) // return PARSE_ABORT ABORT(); // on semantic errors too. } ) Returning from the parser's tt(parse()) member the number of syntactic and semantic errors could then be printed, whereupon the program might terminate. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error/errordemo/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021534 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error/errordemo/input0000664000175000017500000000000614700504612022612 0ustar frankfranka 3+a bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error/errordemo/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612023030 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error/errordemo/parser/parser.h0000664000175000017500000000213014700504612024471 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V6.00.00 on Tue, 16 May 2017 15:20:25 +0200 #ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // $insert baseclass #include "parserbase.h" #undef Parser // CAVEAT: between the baseclass-include directive and the // #undef directive in the previous line references to Parser // are read as ParserBase. // If you need to include additional headers in this file // you should do so after these comment-lines. class Parser: public ParserBase { public: Parser() = default; int parse(); private: void error(); // called on (syntax) errors int lex(); // returns the next token from the // lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc); // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextCycle_(); void nextToken_(); void print_(); }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error/errordemo/parser/lex.cc0000664000175000017500000000031114700504612024122 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" int Parser::lex() { std::string word; std::cin >> word; if (std::cin.eof()) return 0; if (isdigit(word[0])) return NR; return word[0]; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error/errordemo/parser/parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000142414700504612024647 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V6.00.00 on Tue, 16 May 2017 15:20:25 +0200 // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. // $insert class.h #include "parser.h" inline void Parser::error() { std::cerr << "Syntax error\n"; } inline void Parser::print() { print_(); // displays tokens if --print was specified } inline void Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } // Add here includes that are only required for the compilation // of Parser's sources. // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // int Parser's sources symbols from the namespace std without // specifying std:: //using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error/errordemo/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000021314700504612024375 0ustar frankfrank%filenames parser %debug %token NR %left '+' %% start: start expr | // empty ; expr: error | NR | expr '+' expr ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error/errordemo/main.cc0000664000175000017500000000022414700504612022765 0ustar frankfrank #include #include #include "parser/parser.h" int main(int argc, char **argv) { Parser parser; parser.parse(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error/syntactical.yo0000664000175000017500000001135414700504612022431 0ustar frankfrank In a simple interactive command parser where each input is one line, it may be sufficient to allow tt(parse()) to return tt(PARSE_ABORT) on error and have the caller ignore the rest of the input line when that happens (and then call tt(parse()) again). But this is inadequate for a compiler, because it forgets all the syntactic context leading up to the error. A syntactic error deep within a function in the compiler input should not cause the compiler to treat the following line like the beginning of a source file. It is possible to specify how to recover from a syntactic error by writing rules recognizing the special token tt(error). This is a terminal symbol that is always defined (it must em(not) be declared) and is reserved for error handling. The b() parser generates an tt(error) token whenever a syntactic error is detected; if a rule was provided recognizing this token in the current context, the parse can continue. For example: verb( statements: // empty | statements '\n' | statements expression '\n' | statements error '\n' ) The fourth rule in this example says that an error followed by a newline makes a valid addition to any tt(statements). What happens if a syntactic error occurs in the middle of an tt(expression)? The error recovery rule, interpreted strictly, applies to the precise sequence of a tt(statements), an error and a newline. If an error occurs in the middle of an tt(expression), there will probably be some additional tokens and subexpressions on the parser's stack after the last tt(statements), and there will be tokens waiting to be read before the next newline. So the rule is not applicable in the ordinary way. b(), however, can force the situation to fit the rule, by em(discarding) part of the semantic context and part of the input. When a (syntactic) error occurs the parsing algorithm tries to recover from the error in the following way: First it discards states from the stack until it encounters a state in which the tt(error) token is acceptable (meaning that the subexpressions already parsed are discarded, back to the last complete tt(statements)). At this point the error token is shifted. Then, if the available look-ahead token is not acceptable to be shifted next, the parser continues to read tokens and to discard them until it finds a token which em(is) acceptable. I.e., a token which em(can) follow an tt(error) token in the current state. In this example, b() reads and discards input until the next newline was read so that the fourth rule can apply. The choice of error rules in the grammar is a choice of strategies for error recovery. A simple and useful strategy is simply to skip the rest of the current input line or current statement if an error is detected: verb( statement: error ';' // on error, skip until ';' is read ) Another useful recovery strategy is to recover to the matching close-delimiter of an opening-delimiter that has already been parsed. Otherwise the close-delimiter probably appears to be unmatched, generating another, spurious error message: verb( primary: '(' expression ')' | '(' error ')' | ... ; ) Error recovery strategies are necessarily guesses. When they guess wrong, one syntactic error often leads to another. In the above example, the error recovery rule guesses that an error is caused by bad input within one statement. Suppose that instead a spurious semicolon is inserted in the middle of a valid statement. After the error recovery rule recovers from the first error, another syntactic error will immediately be found, since the text following the spurious semicolon is also an invalid statement. To prevent an outpouring of error messages, the parser may be configured in such a way that no error message are generated for another syntactic error that happens shortly after the first. E.g., only after three consecutive input tokens have been successfully shifted error messages may again be generated. This configuration is currently not available in b()'s parsers. Note that rules using the tt(error) token may have actions, just as any other rules can. The token causing an error is re-analyzed immediately when an error occurs. If this is unacceptable, then the member function tt(clearin()) may be called to skip this token. The function can be called by any member function of the Parser class. For example, suppose that on a parse error, an error handling routine is called that advances the input stream to some point where parsing should once again commence. The next symbol returned by the lexical scanner is probably correct. The previous token ought to be discarded using tt(clearin()). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error/recovery.yo0000664000175000017500000001335114700504612021750 0ustar frankfrankB() implements a simple error recovery mechanism. When the tt(lookup()) function cannot find an action for the current token in the current state it throws an tt(UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_) exception. This exception is caught by the parsing function, calling the tt(errorRecovery()) member function. By default, this member function terminates the parsing process. The non-default recovery procedure is available once an tt(error) token is used in a production rule. When the parsing process throws bf(UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_) the recovery procedure is started (i.e., it is started whenever a syntactical error is encountered or tt(ERROR()) is called). The recovery procedure consists of itemization( it() looking for the first state on the state-stack having an error-production, followed by: it() handling all state transitions that are possible without retrieving a terminal token. it() then, in the state requiring a terminal token and starting with the initial unexpected token (3) all subsequent terminal tokens are ignored until a token is retrieved which is a continuation token in that state. ) If the error recovery procedure fails (i.e., if no acceptable token is ever encountered) error recovery falls back to the default recovery mode (i.e., the parsing process is terminated). Not all syntactic errors are always reported: the option link(--required-tokens)(REQUIRED) can be used to specify the minimum number of tokens that must have been successfully processed before another syntactic error is reported (and counted). The option link(--error-verbose)(ERRORVERBOSE) may be specified to obtain the contents of the state stack when a syntactic error is reported. The example grammar may be provided with an tt(error) production rule: verb( %token NR %left '+' %% start: start expr | // empty ; expr: error | NR | expr '+' expr ; ) The resulting grammar has one additional state (handling the error production) and one state in which the tt(ERR_ITEM) flag has been set. When and error is encountered, this state obtains tokens until a token having a valid continuation was received, after which normal processing continues. In the parser's verbose output (using the tt(-V) option) the various grammar rules and state transition tables are shown. The debug output below refers to this information. The rules are: verb( 1: start -> start expr 2: start -> 3: expr (errTok_) -> errTok_ 4: expr (NR) -> NR 5: expr ('+') -> expr '+' expr 6: start_$ -> start ) The state-transitions are: verb( State 0: 6: start_$ -> . start 0: On start to state 1 Reduce by 2: start -> . State 1: 6: start_$ -> start . 1: start -> start . expr 0: On expr to state 2 1: On errTok_ to state 3 2: On NR to state 4 State 2: 1: start -> start expr . 5: expr -> expr . '+' expr 0: On '+' to state 5 Reduce by 1: start -> start expr . State 3: 3: expr -> errTok_ . Reduce by 3: expr -> errTok_ . State 4: 4: expr -> NR . Reduce by 4: expr -> NR . State 5: 5: expr -> expr '+' . expr 0: On expr to state 6 1: On errTok_ to state 3 2: On NR to state 4 State 6: 5: expr -> expr '+' expr . 5: expr -> expr . '+' expr 0 (removed by precedence): On '+' to state 5 Reduce by 5: expr -> expr '+' expr . ) The following output from the tt(parse()) function, generated by b() using the tt(--debug) option illustrates error recovery for the above grammar, entering the input verb( a 3+a ) results in: verb( parse(): Parsing starts PUSH 0 (initializing the state stack) LOOKUP: [0, 'Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_'] -> default reduce using rule 2 REDUCE: rule 2 execute action 2 ... ... completed rule 2: pop 0 elements. Next will be: [0, 'start'] pop 0 elements from the stack having size 1 next: [0, 'start'] PUSH: [0, 'start'] -> 1 scanner token `a' (97) ERROR: [1, `a' (97)] -> ??. Errors: 1 Syntax error Reached ERROR state 1 PUSH: [1, 'errTok_'] -> 3 LOOKUP: [3, `a' (97)] -> default reduce using rule 3 REDUCE: rule 3 rule 3: pop 1 elements. Next will be: [1, 'expr'] pop 1 elements from the stack having size 3 next: [1, 'expr'] available token 'expr' PUSH: [1, 'expr'] -> 2 available token `a' (97) LOOKUP: [2, `a' (97)] -> default reduce using rule 1 REDUCE: rule 1 rule 1: pop 2 elements. Next will be: [0, 'start'] pop 2 elements from the stack having size 3 next: [0, 'start'] PUSH: [0, 'start'] -> 1 available token `a' (97) scanner token 'NR' PUSH: [1, 'NR'] -> 4 ERROR RECOVERED: next state 4 LOOKUP: [4, 'Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_'] -> default reduce using rule 4 REDUCE: rule 4 execute action 4 ... ... completed rule 4: pop 1 elements. Next will be: [1, 'expr'] pop 1 elements from the stack having size 3 next: [1, 'expr'] available token 'expr' PUSH: [1, 'expr'] -> 2 scanner token 'Reserved_::EOF_' LOOKUP: [2, 'Reserved_::EOF_'] -> default reduce using rule 1 REDUCE: rule 1 execute action 1 ... ... completed rule 1: pop 2 elements. Next will be: [0, 'start'] pop 2 elements from the stack having size 3 next: [0, 'start'] PUSH: [0, 'start'] -> 1 available token 'Reserved_::EOF_' ACCEPT(): Parsing successful parse(): returns 0 or 1 ) The final debug message should be interpreted as a bf(C++) expression: the 0 indicates that tt(Parse::ACCEPT) rather than tt(Parser::ABORT) was called, the 1 shows the value of tt(d_nErrors_). Consequently, tt(parse()) returns 1 (i.e., tt(`0 or 1')). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/error/intro.yo0000664000175000017500000000214414700504612021243 0ustar frankfrank Usually it is not acceptable to have a program terminate on a parse error. For example, a compiler should recover sufficiently to parse the rest of the input file and check it for errors; a calculator should accept another expression. Such errors violate the grammar for which the parser was constructed and are called em(syntactic errors). Other types of errors are called em(semantical errors): here the intended em(meaning) of the language is not observed. For example, a division by too small a numeric constant (e.g., 0) may be detected by the parser em(compile time). In general, what em(can) be detected compile time should not left for the run-time to detect, and so the parser should flag an error when it detects a division by a very small numerical constant. B()'s parsers may detect both syntactic em(and) semantical errors. Syntactical errors are detected automatically, while the parser performs its parsing-job, semantical errors must explicitly be defined when the grammar is constructed. The following sections cover the way B()'s parser may handle syntactic errors and semantical errors, respectively. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/conditions/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020556 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/conditions/intro.yo0000664000175000017500000000031014700504612022254 0ustar frankfrankB() may be used according to the em(GNU General Public License) (GPL). In short, this implies that everybody is allowed to use tt(b()) and its generated software in any program he/she is developing. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/conditions/gpl.yo0000664000175000017500000000050314700504612021707 0ustar frankfrankThe text of the em(GNU General Public License) (GPL) is frequently found in files named tt(COPYING). On em(Debian) systems the GPL may be found in the file tt(/usr/share/common-licenses/GPL). Alternatively, visit lurl(https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html). The GPL is shown below: verbinclude(../../../LICENSE) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020033 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/optseries.yo0000664000175000017500000000174214700504612022425 0ustar frankfrankAn em(optional) series of elements also use left-recursion, but the single element alternative remains empty. For example, in bf(C++) a compound statement may contain statements or declarations, but it may also be empty: verb( opt_statements: // empty | opt_statements statements ) The above rule can be used as a prototype for recognizing a series of elements: the generic form of this rule could be formulated as follows: verb( opt_series: // empty | opt_series unit ) Note that the empty element is recognized em(first), even though it is empty, whereafter the left-recursive alternative may be recognized repeatedly. In practice this means that an em(action block) may be defined at the empty alternative, which is then executed prior to the left-recursive alternative. Such an action block could be used to perform initializations necessary for the proper handling of the left-recursive alternative. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/outline.yo0000664000175000017500000000364514700504612022073 0ustar frankfrankThe input file for b() is a grammar file. Different from Bison++ and Bison grammar files, b() grammar file consist of just two sections. The general form of a b() grammar file looks like this: verb( Bisonc++ directives %% Grammar rules ) Readers familiar with Bison may note that there is no em(C declaration section) and no section to define em(Additional C code). With b() these sections are superfluous since, due to the fact that a b() parser is defined as a bf(C++) class, all additional code required for the parser's implementation can be incorporated into the parser class itself. Also, bf(C++) classes normally only require declarations that can be defined in the classes' header files, so also the `additional C code' section was omitted from b()'s grammar file. The `%%' is a separator that appears in every b() grammar file separating the two sections. The directives section is used to declare the names of the terminal and nonterminal symbols, and may also describe operator precedence and the data types of semantic values of various symbols. Additional directives are used to define, e.g., the name of the generated parser class and a namespace in which the parser class is defined. All b() directives are covered in section ref(DIRECTIVES). Grammar rules define how to construct em(nonterminal symbols). The grammar rules section defines one or more b() grammar rules. See section ref(RULES), covering the syntax of grammar rules. The `%%' separator must always be specified, even if the directives section is empty. B()'s grammar file may be split into several files. Each file may be given a suggestive name. This allows quick identification of where a particular section or rule is found, and improves readability of the designed grammar. The link(%include)(INCLUDE)-directive (see section ref(INCLUDE)) can be used to include a partial grammar specification file into another specification file. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/syntax.yo0000664000175000017500000000463314700504612021740 0ustar frankfrankGrammar rules have the following characteristics: itemization( it() The construction verb( exp: exp '+' exp ; ) is a recursive rule definition, stating that when two tt(exp) groupings, with a `+' token in between, have been recognized, these three elements themselves represent an tt(exp) gouping. it() Whitespace in rules is only used for separating symbols. it() em(Action blocks) determining the semantics of the rule can be inserted between the elements of production rules. An action block looks like this: verb( { C++ statements } ) Usually there is only one action block, defined at the end of production rules . See section ref(ACTIONS). it() Multiple production rules for the same grouping can be written separately or can be separated from each other using the vertical-bar character `|' as follows: verb( result: first-production-rule | second-production-rule | ... ; ) it() Alternatively, multiple rules of the same grouping can be defined. E.g., the previous definition of tt(result:) could also have been defined as: verb( result: first-production-rule ; result: second-production-rule ; ) However, this is a potentially dangerous practice, since one of the two tt(result) rules could also have used a misspelled rule-name (maybe the second tt(result)) should have been tt(results). Therefore, b() generates a warning if the same nonterminal is used repeatedly when defining production rules. it() Production rules can be empty. This means that em(result) can match any token, which then isn't processed by the production rule, although the rule's nonterminal has been recognized. Such a alternative is called an em(empty production rule). For example, here is how to define a comma-separated sequence of zero or more tt(exp) nonterminals: verb( expseq: expseq1 | // empty ; expseq1: expseq1 ',' exp | exp ; ) By convention, to improve the visibility of an empty production rule, it contains the comment `tt(// empty)'. Empty production rules may contain action blocks. Statements in such action blocks are executed when the parser has recognized the empty production rule. In such cases the tt(// empty) comment is omitted. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/polydollar.yo0000664000175000017500000001372114700504612022571 0ustar frankfrankitemization( itt($$ = ) A semantic value is assigned to the rule's nonterminal's semantic value. The right-hand side (rhs) of the assignment expression must be an expression of the type that is associated with $$. This assignment operation assumes that the type of the rhs-expression equals $$'s semantic value type. If the types don't match the compiler issues a compilation error when compiling tt(parse.cc). Casting the rhs to the correct value type is possible, but in that case the function call operator (see the next item) is preferred, as it does not require casting. If no semantic value type was associated with $$ then the assignment tt($$ = STYPE_{}) can be used. itt($$(expr)) A value is assigned to the rule's nonterminal's semantic value. tt(Expr) must be of a type that can be statically cast to $$'s semantic value type. The required tt(static_cast) is generated by bic() and doesn't have to be specified for tt(expr). itt(_$$) This refers to the rule's nonterminal's semantic value, disregarding any polymorphic type that might have been associated with the rule's nonterminal. itt($$) If no polymorphic type was associated with the rule's nonterminal then this is shorthand for a reference to the rule's plain tt(STYPE_) value. If a polymorphic value type was associated with the rule's nonterminal then this shorthand represents a reference to a value of that particular type. itt($$.) If no polymorphic type was associated with the rule's nonterminal then this is shorthand for the member selector operator, applied to a reference to the rule's nonterminal's tt(STYPE_) value. If a polymorphic value type was associated with the rule's nonterminal then this shorthand represents the member selector operator, applied to a reference of that particular type. itt($$->) If no polymorphic type was associated with the rule's nonterminal then this is shorthand for the pointer to member operator, applied to a reference to the rule's nonterminal's tt(STYPE_) value. If a polymorphic value type was associated with the rule's nonterminal then this shorthand represents the pointer to member operator, applied to a reference of that particular type. itt(_$1) This refers to the current production rule's first component's generic tt(STYPE_) value. itt($1) This shorthand refers to the semantic value of the production rule's first element. If it was associated with a polymorphic type, then tt($1) refers to a value of that particular type. If no association was defined then tt($1) represents a generic tt(STYPE_) value. itt($1.) If the production rule's first component's semantic value was associated with a polymorphic type, then tt($1.) is shorthand for the member selector operator, applied to the value of the associated polymorphic type. If no association was defined then tt($1.) is shorthand for the member selector operator, applied to the first component's generic tt(STYPE_) value. itt($1->) If the production rule's first component's semantic value was associated with a polymorphic type, then tt($1->) is shorthand for the pointer to member operator, applied to the value of the associated polymorphic type. If no association was defined then tt($1.) is shorthand for the pointer to member operator, applied to the first component's generic tt(STYPE_) value. itt(_$-1) This refers to the generic (tt(STYPE_)) value of a component in a production rule, listed immediately before the current rule's nonterminal ($-2 refers to a component used two elements before the current nonterminal, etc.). itt($-1) Same: this refers to the generic (tt(STYPE_)) value of a component in a production rule, listed immediately before the current rule's nonterminal ($-2 refers to a component used two elements before the current nonterminal, etc.). itt($-1.) This is shorthand for the member selector operator applied to to the generic tt(STYPE_) value of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. itt($-1->) This is shorthand for the pointer to member operator applied to to the generic tt(STYPE_) value of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. itt($-1) This shorthand represents a reference to the semantic value of the polymorphic type associated with tt(tag) of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. If, when using the generated parser's class tt(parse) function, the polymorphic type of that element turns out not to match the type that is associated with tt(tag) then a run-time fatal error results. If that happens, and the tt(debug) option/directive had been specified when bic() was run, then rerun the program after specifying tt(parser.setDebug(Parser::ACTIONCASES)) to locate the tt(parse) function's action block where the fatal error was encountered. itt($-1.) This shorthand represents the member selector operator, applied to the semantic value of the polymorphic type associated with tt(tag) of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. If, when using the generated parser's class tt(parse) function, the polymorphic type of that element turns out not to match the type that is associated with tt(tag) then a run-time fatal error results. The procedure suggested at the previous (tt($-1)) item for solving such errors can be applied here as well. itt($-1->) This shorthand represents the pointer to member selector operator, applied to the semantic value of the polymorphic type associated with tt(tag) of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. If, when using the generated parser's class tt(parse) function, the polymorphic type of that element turns out not to match the type that is associated with tt(tag) then a run-time fatal error results. The procedure suggested at the previous (tt($-1)) item for solving such errors can be applied here as well. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/stypedollar.yo0000664000175000017500000000457114700504612022755 0ustar frankfrank itemization( itt($$ = ) A value is assigned to the rule's nonterminal's semantic value. The right-hand side (rhs) of the assignment expression must be an expression of a type that can be assigned to the tt(STYPE_) type. itt($$(expr)) Same as the previous dollar-notation: tt(expr's) value is assigned to the rule's nonterminal's semantic value. itt(_$$) This refers to the semantic value of the rule's nonterminal. itt($$) Same as the previous item: this refers to the semantic value of the rule's nonterminal. itt($$.) If tt(STYPE_) is a class-type then this dollar-notation is shorthand for the member selector operator, applied to the rule's nonterminal's semantic value. itt($$->) If tt(STYPE_) is a class-type then this dollar-notation is shorthand for the pointer to member operator, applied to the rule's nonterminal's semantic value. itt(_$1) This refers to the current production rule's first component's semantic value. itt($1) Same as the previous dollar-notation: this refers to the current production rule's first component's semantic value. itt($1.) If tt(STYPE_) is a class-type then this dollar-notation is shorthand for the member selector operator, applied to the current production rule's first component's semantic value. itt($1->) If tt(STYPE_) is a class-type then this dollar-notation is shorthand for the pointer to member operator, applied to the current production rule's first component's semantic value. itt(_$-1) This refers to the semantic value of a component in a production rule, listed immediately before the current rule's nonterminal ($-2 refers to a component used two elements before the current nonterminal, etc.). itt($-1) Same as the previous item: this refers to the semantic value of a component in a production rule, listed immediately before the current rule's nonterminal. itt($-1.) If tt(STYPE_) is a class-type then this dollar-notation is shorthand for the member selector operator, applied to the semantic value of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. itt($-1->) If tt(STYPE_) is a class-type then this dollar-notation is shorthand for the pointer to member operator, applied to the semantic value of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021016 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/build0000775000175000017500000000121314700504612022040 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash case $1 in (program) mkdir -p tmp/bin cd parser bisonc++ grammar cd ../scanner flexc++ lexer cd ../tmp g++ -fdiagnostics-color=never --std=c++14 -Wall -O2 -o bin/binary \ ../parser/*.cc ../scanner/*.cc ../*.cc -lbobcat ;; (clean) rm -rf tmp find ./ -type f -name "*.ih.gch" -exec rm -f \{\} \; cd parser rm -f parse.cc parserbase.h cd ../scanner rm -f lex.cc scannerbase.h ;; (*) echo ./build program to build the program, ./build clean to clean up ;; esac bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/README0000664000175000017500000000111314700504612021672 0ustar frankfrankBisonc++ and flexc++ are required to generate the parser and the lexical scanner. If you have icmake installed, simply run 'icmbuild' to create the program Otherwise the ./build command should work. ./tmp/bin/binary starts an interactive program, each line should either contain ident ( ident ) (blanks are optional, ident is any C++ identifier) or ident = int (int: any non-negative int-value) To end the program: ^D or ^C. Any other input also ends the program (with a syntax error message) See also the explanation of the implementation of operator= in ../essence. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022312 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/parser/parser.h0000664000175000017500000000176614700504612023771 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V5.00.00 on Thu, 07 Apr 2016 13:28:57 +0530 #ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // $insert baseclass #include "parserbase.h" // $insert scanner.h #include "../scanner/scanner.h" #undef Parser class Parser: public ParserBase { // $insert scannerobject Scanner d_scanner; public: int parse(); private: int intValue() const; void process(STYPE_ const &semVal) const; void error(); void error(char const *msg); // called on (syntax) errors int lex(); // returns the next token from the // lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextCycle_(); void nextToken_(); void print_(); void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc); }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/parser/parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000165114700504612024133 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V5.00.00 on Thu, 07 Apr 2016 13:28:57 +0530 // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. // $insert class.h #include "parser.h" inline void Parser::error(char const *msg) { std::cerr << msg << '\n'; } inline void Parser::error() { std::cerr << "syntax error\n"; } // $insert lex inline int Parser::lex() { return d_scanner.lex(); } inline void Parser::print() { print_(); // displays tokens if --print was specified } inline void Parser::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } // Add here includes that are only required for the compilation // of Parser's sources. // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // int Parser's sources symbols from the namespace std without // specifying std:: using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/parser/process.cc0000664000175000017500000000040214700504612024273 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::process(STYPE_ const &semVal) const { if (semVal.tag() == Tag_::INT) cout << "Saw an int-value: " << semVal.get() << '\n'; else cout << "Saw text: " << semVal.get() << '\n'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000146614700504612023672 0ustar frankfrank%filenames parser %scanner ../scanner/scanner.h // can be activated with no ill effects: // %default-actions quiet %polymorphic INT: int; TEXT: std::string; %token INT IDENTIFIER %type identifier %type int %type combi %% start: prompt rules ; prompt: { cout << "? "; } ; identifier: IDENTIFIER { $$ = d_scanner.matched(); } ; int: INT { $$ = intValue(); } ; combi: int | identifier ; rule: identifier '(' identifier ')' '\n' { cout << $1 << " " << $3 << '\n'; } | identifier '=' int '\n' { cout << $1 << " " << $3 << '\n'; } | combi '\n' { process($1); } ; rulePrompt: rule prompt ; rules: rules rulePrompt | rulePrompt ; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/parser/intvalue.cc0000664000175000017500000000027114700504612024450 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" int Parser::intValue() const { istringstream in(d_scanner.matched()); int ret; in >> ret; // succeeds, as lex() just returned 'NR' return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/scanner/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612022447 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/scanner/scanner.ih0000664000175000017500000000012014700504612024413 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.h" #include "../parser/parserbase.h" // end of scanner.hh bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/scanner/scanner.h0000664000175000017500000000203014700504612024244 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Flexc++ V0.95.00 on Tue, 06 Mar 2012 22:37:41 +0100 #ifndef Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ #define Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ // $insert baseclass_h #include "scannerbase.h" // $insert classHead class Scanner: public ScannerBase { public: explicit Scanner(std::istream &in = std::cin, std::ostream &out = std::cout); // $insert lexFunctionDecl int lex(); private: int lex_(); int executeAction_(size_t ruleNr); void print(); void preCode(); // re-implement this function for code that must // be exec'ed before the patternmatching starts void postCode(PostEnum_); }; // $insert scannerConstructors inline Scanner::Scanner(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out) : ScannerBase(in, out) {} inline void Scanner::preCode() { // optionally replace by your own code } inline void Scanner::postCode(PostEnum_) {} inline void Scanner::print() { print_(); } #endif // Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/scanner/lexer0000664000175000017500000000034514700504612023513 0ustar frankfrank%interactive %filenames scanner %% [ \t]+ // skip white space [0-9]+ return Parser::INT; [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]* return Parser::IDENTIFIER; .|\n return matched()[0]; bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/icmconf0000664000175000017500000000461614700504612022366 0ustar frankfrank // should commands be echoed (ON) or not (OFF) ? #define USE_ECHO ON #define MAIN "main.cc" // define the compiler to use: #define COMPILER "g++ -fdiagnostics-color=never" // define the compiler options to use: #define COMPILER_OPTIONS "-Wall -O2" // define the pattern to locate sources in a directory: #define SOURCES "*.cc" // define the options used for linking: #define LINKER_OPTIONS "-s" // define any additional libraries BINARY may need: #define ADD_LIBRARIES "bobcat" // define any additional paths (other than the standard paths) the // additional libraries are located in: #define ADD_LIBRARY_PATHS "" #define BIN_INSTALL "./" // Should a lexical scanner be constructed? If so, define the subdirectory // containing the scanner's specification file. #define SCANNER_DIR "scanner" // What is the program generating the lexical scanner? #define SCANGEN "flexc++" // Flags to provide SCANGEN with: #define SCANFLAGS "" // Name of the lexical scanner specification file #define SCANSPEC "lexer" // Name of the file generated by the lexical scanner #define SCANOUT "lex.cc" // Should a parser be constructed? If so, define the subdirectory // containing the parser's specification file #define PARSER_DIR "parser" // What it the program generating a parser? #define PARSGEN "bisonc++" // What it the grammar specificication file? #define PARSSPEC "grammar" // Flags to provide PARSGEN with: #define PARSFLAGS "-V" // Use precompiled headers (remove these two if your disk is almost full) #define IH ".ih" // #define PRECOMP "-x c++-header" // Name of the file generated by the parser generator containing the // parser function #define PARSOUT "parse.cc" // Directory below this directory to contain temporary results #define TMP_DIR "tmp" // Local program library to use (change to an empty string if you want to // use the object modules themselves, rather than a library) #define LIBRARY "modules" // The extension of object modules: #define OBJ_EXT ".o" // below #define DEFCOM "program" or "library" may be added by icmstart #define DEFCOM "program" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/main.cc0000664000175000017500000000011214700504612022243 0ustar frankfrank#include "main.ih" int main() { Parser parser; parser.parse(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/poly/main.ih0000664000175000017500000000003314700504612022260 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser/parser.h" bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/polymorphicshorthand.yo0000664000175000017500000000174314700504612024671 0ustar frankfrankThe tt(%polymorphic) directive is used to specify a series of semantic value types. (Non)terminals can be associated with exactly one of these types, or with the generic tt(STYPE_) semantic value type. When the latter type is used either another tt(STYPE_) value can be assigned to it, or a value of one of the defined polymorphic value types can be assigned to it. At any time an tt(STYPE_) can only hold one single value type. Polymorphic semantic types are type safe: types cannot be confused. Furthermore, as tt(STYPE_) objects are responsible for their own memory management, memory leaks cannot occur, assuming that the different semantic value types do not leak. In the next overview the available dollar-notations that are available with polymorphic semantic values are described. In this overview $1 is used as a generic reference to semantic values of production rule components. Instead of $1 other available numbered dollar references can also be used. includefile(polydollar.yo) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/uniondollar.yo0000664000175000017500000001147314700504612022740 0ustar frankfrankitemization( itt($$ = ) A value is assigned to the rule's nonterminal's semantic value. If the rule's nonterminal was associated with one of the union's field types, then the matching union field receives the value of the assignment expression's right-hand side. If no association was defined then the variable representing the nonterminal's semantic value is a plain union (i.e., tt(STYPE_)) variable. itt($$(expr)) tt(Expr's) value is assigned to the rule's nonterminal's plain union (i.e., tt(STYPE_)) type. Any association that may have been defined between the nonterminal and a union field is ignored. itt(_$$) This refers to the rule's nonterminal's plain union (i.e., tt(STYPE_)) type. Any association that may have been defined between the nonterminal and a union field is ignored. itt($$) This refers to the rule's nonterminal's semantic value. If it was associated with one of the union's types, then tt($$) refers to the associated union field. If no association was defined then tt($$) represents a plain union (i.e., tt(STYPE_)) type of variable. itt($$.) If the rule's nonterminal's semantic value was associated with one of the union's types, then tt($$.) is shorthand for the member selector operator, applied to the associated union field type. If no association was defined then tt($$.) is shorthand for the field selector operator, applied to the nonterminal's semantic value's plain union (i.e., tt(STYPE_)) type. itt($$->) If the rule's nonterminal's semantic value was associated with one of the union's types, then tt($$->) is shorthand for the pointer to member operator, applied to the associated union field type. If no association was defined then an error message is issued, as the pointer to member operator is not defined for plain union types. itt(_$1) This refers to the current production rule's first component's plain union (tt(STYPE_)) value. itt($1) This shorthand refers to the semantic value of the production rule's first element. If it was associated with one of the union's types, then tt($1) refers to the associated union field. If no association was defined then tt($1) represents a plain union (i.e., tt(STYPE_)) type of variable. itt($1.) If the production rule's first component's semantic value was associated with one of the union's types, then tt($1.) is shorthand for the member selector operator, applied to the associated union field type. If no association was defined then tt($1.) is shorthand for the field selector operator, applied to the first component's semantic value's plain union (i.e., tt(STYPE_)) type. itt($1->) If the production rule's first component's semantic value was associated with one of the union's types, then tt($1->) is shorthand for the pointer to member operator, applied to the associated union field type. If no association was defined then an error message is issued, as the pointer to member operator is not defined for plain union types. itt(_$-1) This refers to the plain union (tt(STYPE_)) value of a component in a production rule, listed immediately before the current rule's nonterminal ($-2 refers to a component used two elements before the current nonterminal, etc.). itt($-1) Same: this refers to the plain union (tt(STYPE_)) value of a component in a production rule, listed immediately before the current rule's nonterminal ($-2 refers to a component used two elements before the current nonterminal, etc.). itt($-1.) This is shorthand for the field selector operator applied to to the plain union (tt(STYPE_)) value of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. itt($-1->) This shorthand refers to tho pointer to member operator applied to the plain union (tt(STYPE_)) value of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. Its use results in an error message, as the pointer to member operator is not defined for plain union types. itt($-1) This refers to the tt(field) union field of a component in a production rule, listed immediately before the current rule's nonterminal. Note that the validity of the specified field for that particular component cannot be verified by bic(). itt($-1.) This refers to the member selector operator of the tt(field) union field of a component in a production rule, listed immediately before the current rule's nonterminal. Note that the validity of the specified field for that particular component cannot be verified by bic(). itt($-1->) This refers to the pointer to member operator of the tt(field) union field of a component in a production rule, listed immediately before the current rule's nonterminal. Note that the validity of the specified field for that particular component cannot be verified by bic(). ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/midrule.yo0000664000175000017500000001344214700504612022051 0ustar frankfrankOccasionally it is useful to insert an action block somewhere in the middle of a production rule. These so-called mid-rule action blocks are comparable to the usual action blocks, appearing at the end of production rules, but mid-rule action blocks are executed before the parser has recognized the production rule's components that follow them. A mid-rule action block can refer to the components preceding it using tt($i), but it may not (cannot) refer to subsequent components because it is executed before they have been observed. The mid-rule action block itself counts as one of the components of the production rule. In the example shown below, tt(stmnt) can be referred to as tt($6) in the final action block. Mid-rule action blocks can also have semantic values. When using tt(%union) or tt(%polymorphic) and a rule's nonterminal is associated with a union field or polymorphic token, then mid-rule action blocks loose those associations. When the tt($$, $$.) or tt($$->) shorthand notations appear in mid-action blocks of production rules whose nonterminal is associated with a polymorphic type or union field then a warning is issued that automatic type associations do not apply. Using the tt(_$$) shorthand notation prevents the warning from being issued. Here is an example from a hypothetical grammar, defining a tt(let) statement that looks like `this: verb( let (variable) statement ) Here, tt(variable) is the name of a variable that must only exists for the tt(statement's) lifetime. To parse this construct, we must insert tt(variable) into a symbol table before parsing tt(statement), and must remove it afterward. Here is how it is done: verb( stmt: LET '(' variable ')' { _$$.assign(symtab()); addVariable($3); } stmt { $$ = $6; restoreSymtab($5); } ) As soon as `tt(let (variable))' has been recognized, the first action is executed. It saves the current symbol table as the mid-rule's semantic value, using the polymorphic tag tt(SYMTAB) (which could be associated with, e.g., an tt(std::unordered_map)). Then tt(addVariable) receives the new variable's name, adding it to the current symbol table. Once the first action is finished, the embedded statement (tt(stmt)) is parsed. Note that the mid-rule action is component number 5, so `tt(stmt)' is component number 6. Once tt(statement) has been parsed, its semantic value is returned as the semantic value of the production rule's nonterminal. Then the semantic value from the mid-rule action block is used to restore the symbol table to its original state. This removes the temporary tt(let)-variable from the list so that it won't appear to exist while the rest of the program is parsed. Defining mid-rule action blocks before a rule has completely been recognized often leads to conflicts since the parser, because of the single look-ahead tokoen, must make a decision about the parsing sequence to use. For example, the following two rules, without mid-rule actions, can coexist because the parser can always process the open-brace token and only then look at the next token before deciding whether there is a declaration or not: verb( compound: '{' declarations statements '}' | '{' statements '}' ; ) But when we an action block is inserted before the first open-parenthesis a conflict is introduced: verb( compound: { prepareForLocalVariables(); } '{' declarations statements '}' | '{' statements '}' ; ) Now the parser, encountering the open-parenthesis, must decide whether the open-parenthesis belongs to the first or second production rule. It must make this decision because it must execute the statement in the action block if it selects the first production rule, while no action is required when selecting the second production rule (cf. section ref(LOOKAHEAD)). This problem cannot be solved by putting identical actions into the two rules, like so: verb( { prepareForLocalVariables(); } '{' declarations statements '}' | { prepareForLocalVariables(); } '{' statements '}' ; ) But this does not solve the issue, because b() considers all action blocks as unique elements of production rules, and does not inspect the action blocks' contents. A solution to the above problem consists of hiding the action block in a support nonterminal symbol which recognizes the first block-open brace and then performs the required preparations: verb( openblock: '{' { prepareForLocalVariables(); } ; compound: openblock declarations statements '}' | openblock statements '}' ; ) Now b() can execute the action in the rule for subroutine without deciding which rule for compound it eventually uses. Note that the action is now at the end of its rule. Any mid-rule action can be converted to an end-of-rule action in this way, and this is what b() actually does to implement mid-rule actions. B() converts mid-rule action blocks to hash-tag numbered elements in production rules. In a rule like verb( string: { ... } TOKEN ... ; ) warning messages referring to the mid-rule action block could look like this: verb( [grammar: warning] Line 10: `rule 3: string -> #0001': ... ) Here, `#0001' is the hidden nonterminal merely containing the mid-rule action block. It is as though we had written this grammar: verb( string: #0001 TOKEN ... ; #0001: { ... } ; ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/recursive.yo0000664000175000017500000000315514700504612022417 0ustar frankfrankA rule is called em(recursive) when its em(result) nonterminal appears also in its production rules. Nearly all b() grammars use recursion, because that is the only way to define a sequence of any number of somethings. Consider this recursive definition of a comma-separated sequence of one or more expressions: verb( expseq1: expseq1 ',' exp | exp ; ) Since the recursive use of expseq1 is the leftmost symbol in the right hand side, we call this em(left recursion). By contrast, here the same construct is defined using em(right recursion): verb( expseq1: exp ',' expseq1 | exp ; ) Any kind of sequence can be defined using either left recursion or right recursion, but whenever possible use left recursion, because it can parse a sequence of any number of elements given a limited stack space. Right recursion consumes stack space proportionally to the number of elements in the sequence, because all elements must be pushed on the stack before the rule can be applied even once. See chapter ref(ALGORITHM) for further explanation of this phenomenon. em(Indirect) or em(mutual) recursion occurs when the result of the rule does not appear directly on its right hand side, but does appear in rules for other nonterminals which do appear on its right hand side. For example: verb( expr: primary '+' primary | primary ; primary: constant | '(' expr ')' ; ) defines two mutually-recursive nonterminals, since each refers to the other. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/stypeinterface.yo0000664000175000017500000001400514700504612023431 0ustar frankfrank itemization( it() Constructors: Default, copy and move constructors. No data can be retrieved from tt(SType) objects that were constructed by tt(SType)'s default constructors, but they can accept values of defined polymorphic types, which may then be retrieved from those objects. it() Operators: The standard overloaded assignment operators (copy and move assignment operators) are available. In addition the members verb( SType &operator=(Type const &value) and SType &operator=(Type &&tmp) ) are defined for each of the polymorphic semantic value types. Up to version 6.03.00 these members were defined as member templates, but sometimes awkward compilation errors were encountered as with member templates tt(Type) must exactly match one of the defined polymorphic semantic types since tt(Type) is used to determine the appropriate tt(Meta_::Tag_) value. As a consequence, if, e.g., a polymorphic type tt(%polymorphic INT: int) is defined then an assignment like tt($$ = true) fails, since the inferred type is tt(bool) and no matching polymorphic type is available. Now that the assignment operators are defined as plain member functions this problem isn't encountered anymore because standard type conversions may then be applied by the compiler. Note that ambiguities may still be encountered. If, e.g., polymorphic types are defined for tt(int) and tt(char) and an expression like tt($$ = 30U) is used the compiler cannot tell whether tt($$) refers to the tt(int) or to the tt(char) semantic value. A standard (static) cast, or explicitly calling the tt(assign) member (see the next item) solves these kind of ambiguities. When tt(operator=(Type const &value)) is used, the left-hand side tt(SType) object receives a copy of tt(value); when tt(operator=(Type &&tmp)) is used, tt(tmp) is move-assigned to the left-hand side tt(SType) object; it() tt(void assign(Args &&...args)) The tt(tag) template argument must be a tt(Tag_) value. This member function constructs a semantic value of the type matching tt(tag) from the arguments that are passed to this member (zero arguments are OK if the type associated with tt(tag) supports default construction). The constructed value (not a copy of this value) is then stored in the tt(STYPE_) object for which tt(assign) has been called. As a tt(Meta_::Tag_) value must be specified when using tt(assign) the compiler can use the explicit tag to convert tt(assign's) arguments to an tt(SType) object of the type matching the specified tag. The member tt(assign) can be used to store a specific polymorphic semantic value in an tt(STYPE_) object. It differs from the set of tt(operator=(Type)) members in that tt(assign) accepts multiple arguments to construct the requested tt(SType) value from, whereas the tt(operator=) members only accept single arguments of defined polymorphic types. To initialize an tt(STYPE_) object with a default tt(STYPE_) value, direct assignment can be used (e.g., tt(d_lval_ = STYPE_{})). To assign a semantic value to a production rule using tt(assign) the tt(_$$) notation must be used, as tt($$) is interpreted as the polymorphic value type that is associated with the production rule: verb( _$$.assign(30U); ) it() tt(DataType &get()), and tt(DataType const &get() const) These members return references to the object's semantic values. The tt(tag) must be a tt(Tag_) value: its specification tells the compiler which semantic value type it must use. When the option/directive tt(tag-mismatches on) was specified then tt(get), when called from the generated tt(parse) function, performs a run-time check to confirm that the specified tag corresponds to object's actual tt(Tag_) value. If a mismatch is observed, then the parsing function aborts with a fatal error message. When shorthand notations (like tt($$) and tt($1)) are used in production rules' action blocks, then bic() can determine the correct tt(tag), preventing the run-time check from failing. But once a fatal error em(is) encountered, it can be difficult to determine which action block generated the error. If this happens, then consider regenerating the parser specifying the tt(--debug) option, calling verb(parser.setDebug(Parser::ACTIONCASES)) before calling the parser's tt(parse) function. Following this the case-entry numbers of the tt(switch) which is defined in the parser's tt(executeAction) member are inserted into the standard output stream just before the matching statements are executed. The action case number that's reported just before the program reports the fatal error tells you in which of the grammar's action block the error was encountered. it() tt(Tag_ tag() const) The tag matching the semantic value's polymorphic type is returned. The returned value is a valid tt(Tag_) value when the tt(SType) object's tt(valid) member returns tt(true); By default, or after assigning a plain (default) tt(STYPE_) object to an tt(STYPE_) object (e.g., using a statement like tt($$ = STYPE_{})), tt(valid) returns tt(false), and the tt(tag) member returns tt(Meta_::sizeofTag_). it() tt(bool valid() const) The value tt(true) is returned if the object contains a semantic value. Otherwise tt(false) is returned. Note that default tt(STYPE_) values can be assigned to tt(STYPE_) objects, but they do not represent valid semantic values. See also the previous description of the tt(tag) member. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/alternatives.yo0000664000175000017500000000161114700504612023104 0ustar frankfrankSimple alternatives can be specified using the vertical bar (tt(|)). Each alternative should begin with a unique identifying terminal token. The terminal token may actually be hidden in a nonterminal rule, in which case that nonterminal can be used as an alias for the nonterminal. In fact identical terminal tokens may be used if at some point the terminal tokens differ over different alternatives. Here are some examples: verb( // Example 1: plain terminal distinguishing tokens expr: ID | NUMBER ; // Example 2: nested terminal distinguishing tokens expr: id | number ; id: ID ; number: NUMBER ; // Example 3: eventually diverting routes expr: ID id | ID number ; id: ID ; number: NUMBER ; ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/multiple.yo0000664000175000017500000000170114700504612022236 0ustar frankfrankMost programs that use b() parse only one language and therefore only need one b() parser. But what if you want to parse more than one language with the same program? Since b() constructs a em(class) rather than a em(parsing function), this problem can easily be solved: simply define your second (third, fourth, ...) parser class, each having its own unique class-name, using the tt(%class-name) directive, and construct parser objects of each of the defined classes. In multi-threaded programs each thread can create its own parser object, and then call that object's tt(parse) function: b() does not use static data that are modified by the generated parser. In multi-threaded programs, when the parser uses polymorphic semantic values, the option tt(--thread-safe) or the directive tt(%thread-safe) should be specified to ensure that the code handling the polymorphic semantic data types accesses the error-counter data member of their own parser object. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/scanner.yo0000664000175000017500000000054514700504612022041 0ustar frankfrankThe scanner recognizes input patterns, and returns Parser tokens (e.g., Parser::INT) matching the recognized input. It is easily created by bf(flexc++)(1) processing the following simple specification file. verbinclude(poly/scanner/lexer) The reader may refer to bf(flexc++)(1) documentation for details about bf(flexc++)(1) specification files. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/polymorphic.yo0000664000175000017500000000254514700504612022757 0ustar frankfrankBic() also supports em(polymorphic semantic values). Polymorphic semantic values were developed as an alternative to using unions. Traditional unions can still be used, but are now considered somewhat `old school'. Polymorphic semantic values were added to b() as the result of a suggestion originally made by Dallas A. Clement in September 2007. In this section a simple example program is developed illustrating the use of polymorphic semantic values. The sources of the example can be retrieved from the distribution's lurl(poly) directory. One may wonder why a tt(union) is still used by b() as bf(C++) offers inherently superior approaches to combine multiple types into one union type. The bf(C++) way to do so is by defining a polymorphic base class and a series of derived classes implementing the various exclusive data types. The tt(union) approach is still supported by b(), mainly for historic reasons as it is supported by bf(bison)(1) and bf(bison++); dropping the tt(union) would needlessly impede backward compatibility. The preferred alternative to a tt(union), however, is a polymorphic base class. The example program (cf. lurl(poly)) uses a polymorphic semantic value type, supporting either tt(int) or tt(std::string) semantic values. These types are asociated with tags (resp. tt(INT) and tt(TEXT)) using the tt(%polymorphic) directive, discussed next. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/code.yo0000664000175000017500000000322414700504612021317 0ustar frankfrankWhen polymorphic semantic values are used then, in addition to the parser and parse-base classes, several more classes are defined. Some of them are class templates; most are defined in tt(parserbase.h); an occasional implementation is added to the tt(parse.cc) source file. To minimize namespace pollution most of the extra code is contained in a namespace of its own: tt(Meta_). If the tt(%namespace) directive was used then tt(Meta_) is nested under the namespace declared by that directive. The name tt(Meta_) is used because much of the code implementing polymorphic semantic values uses template meta programming. bf(The enumeration 'enum class Tag_') One notable exception to the above is the enumeration tt(Tag_). To simplify its use it is declared outside of tt(Meta_) (but inside the tt(%namespace) namespace, if specified). Its tags are declared at the tt(%polymorphic) directive. tt(Targs_) is a strongly typed enumeration. The tt(%weak-tags) directive can be used to declare a pre C++-11 standard `tt(enum Tag_)'. bf(The namespace Meta_) Below, tt(DataType) refers to the semantic value's data type that is associated with a tt(Tag_) identifier. Several classes are defined in the namespace tt(Meta_). The most important class is tt(SType), providing the interface to the semantic value types. The class tt(SType) becomes the parser's tt(STYPE_) type. Each tt(SType) object is either a default tt(SType) object, not containing a semantic value, or it contains a semantic value of a single tt(DataType). All operations related to semantic values are handled by this class. The class tt(SType) provides the following public interface: includefile(stypeinterface) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/actions.yo0000664000175000017500000000634614700504612022055 0ustar frankfrankOften an action accompanies a production rule. It contains bf(C++) code that is executed once that production rule is recognized. The task of most actions is to compute a semantic value for the nonterminal recognized by the production rule, often using the semantic values made available by components of the production rule. An action consists of bf(C++) statements surrounded by braces, much like a compound statement in bf(C++). Most rules have just one action at the end of the rule, following all the components. Actions in the middle of a rule are tricky and should be used only for special purposes (see section ref(MIDACTIONS)). The components of production rules are numbered, the first component having number 1. E.g., in a production rule verb( nonterm: first second third ) tt(first) is component #1, tt(second) is component #2, tt(third) is component #3. bf(C++) code in action blocks may refer to semantic values of these components using em(dollar-notations), where tt($i) refers to the semantic value of the i^sups(th) component. Likewise, the semantic value of the rule's nonterminal is represented by tt($$). Here is a typical example: verb( exp: ... | exp '+' exp { $$ = $1 + $3; } | ... ) This rule constructs tt(exp) from two exp nonterminals connected by a plus-sign token. In the action, tt($1) and tt($3) represent the semantic values of, respectively, the first (left-hand side) tt(exp) component, and the second (right-hand side) tt(exp) component. The sum is assigned to tt($$), which becomes the semantic value of the tt(exp) nonterminal represented by the production rule. Depending on the specification of the tt(default-actions) option/directive (cf. section ref(DEFAULTACTION)) b() may supply non-empty production rules with default action blocks containing the statement tt($$ = $1): the semantic value of the first component of the production rule is returned as the nonterminal's semantic value. Of course, the default action only is valid if the two data types match. Empty production rules are not provided with default action blocks. Negative dollar indices (e.g., $-1) are allowed, and refer to semantic values of elements in rules before the component naming the current rule's nonterminal. This is a risky practice, and you should use it only when you know what you're doing. Here is a situation where you can use this reliably: verb( vardef: type varlist ';' ; varlist: varlist ',' variable { defineVar($-1, $3); } | variable { defineVar($-1, $1); } ; ) As long as tt(varlist) is only used in the tt(vardef) rule tt(varlist) can be sure that the type of the variable is available as the semantic value of the component immediately before (hence: $-1) the tt(varlist) component in the tt(vardef) rule. See also section ref(SPECIAL). In addition to the dollar-notations shown here, b() supports several more dollar-notations. The next three subsections describe the dollar-notations that are available after specifying, respectively, the tt(%stype, %union) or tt(%polymorphic) directives. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/nested.yo0000664000175000017500000000314414700504612021670 0ustar frankfrankFinally, we add the em(nested) rule to our bag of rule-tricks. Again, nested rules appear frequently: parenthesized expressions and compound statements are two very well known examples. These kind of rules are characterized by the fact that the nested variant is itself an example of the element appearing in the nested variant. The definition of a statement is actually a bit more complex than the definition of an expression, since the statement appearing in the compound statement is in fact an optional series of elements. Let's first have a look at the nested expression rule. Here it is, in a basic form: verb( expr: NUMBER | ID | expr '+' expr | ... | '(' expr ')' ; ) This definition is simply characterized that the nonterminal tt(expr) appears within a set of parentheses, which is not too complex. The definition of tt(opt_statements), however, is a bit more complex. But acknowledging the fact that a tt(statement) contains among other elements a compound statement, and that a compound statement, in turn, contains tt(opt_statements) an tt(opt_statements) construction can be formulated accordingly: verb( opt_statements: // define an optional series // empty | opt_statements statement ; statement: // define alternatives for `statement' expr_statement | if_statement | ... | compound_statement ; compound_statement: // define the compound statement itself '{' opt_statements '}' ; ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/delimseries.yo0000664000175000017500000000174514700504612022720 0ustar frankfrankA series of elements which are separated from each other using some delimiter again normally uses left-recursion. For example, a bf(C++) variable definition list consists of one or more identifiers, separated by comma's. If there is only one identifier no comma is used. Here is the rule defining a list using separators: verb( variables: IDENTIFIER | variables ',' IDENTIFIER ) The above rule can be used as a prototype for recognizing a series of delimited elements. The generic form of this rule could be formulated as follows: verb( series: unit | series delimiter unit ) Note that the single element is em(first) recognized, whereafter the left-recursive alternative may be recognized repeatedly. In fact, this rule is not really different from the standard rule for a series, which does not hold true for the rule to recognize an em(optional) series of delimited elements, covered in the next section. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/stypeshorthand.yo0000664000175000017500000000124314700504612023463 0ustar frankfrankThe tt(%stype) directive is used to specify a single semantic value type. By default the semantic value type is tt(int). For single type semantic values several dollar-notations are available. If some of the dollar-notations shown below appear to be redundant: that's because their meanings are identical when using single type semantic values. Their meanings differ, however, when using union or polymorphic semantic values. Furthermore, below the notation $1 is used as a generic reference to semantic values of production rule components. Instead of $1 other available numbered dollar references can also be used. Here is the overview: includefile(stypedollar.yo) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/unionshorthand.yo0000664000175000017500000000144714700504612023455 0ustar frankfrankThe tt(%union) directive is used to specify a union of semantic value types. Although each semantic value type can be used for each tt(STYPE_) variable, (non)terminals are in practice associated with a single type. These associations are automatically applied through b()'s dollar-notations. Note that the tt(%union) directive is now largely superseded by the facilities offered by the tt(%polymorphic) directive. Using tt(%union) is considered somewhat `old school', as tt(%polymorphic) implements cleaner type definitions, allowing b() and the bf(C++) compiler to verify that types are correctly being used. In the next overview the notation $1 is used as a generic reference to semantic values of production rule components. Instead of $1 other available numbered dollar references can also be used. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/polymorphictype.OBS0000664000175000017500000003234214700504612023653 0ustar frankfrank tt(%type) directives is used to associate (non-)terminals with semantic value types. E.g., after: verb( %polymorphic INT: int; TEXT: std::string %type expr ) the tt(expr) nonterminal returns tt(int) semantic values. In a rule like: verb( expr: expr '+' expr { // Action block: C++ statements here. } ) Inside action blocks $-notations can be used to retrieve and assign values from/to the elements of production rules. Type directives are used to associates $-notations with polymorphic semantic types. In the example $$, $1 and $3 are automatically associated with tt(int) values. $$ is associated with the rule (here:, `tt(expr:)'; it is the semantic value that becomes available once the production rule has been recognized), while $1 and $3 are tt(int) values which are associated with, resp., the first and third element (the tt(expr) nonterminals) in the production rule tt(expr '+' expr). Negative dollar indices can also be used (like $-1), but then pre-defined associations between nonterminals and semantic types are not available, and must explicitly be specified to access their polymorphic value types. Blanks cannot be used for type-specifications (so $-1 is OK, $< INT >-1 is not). Various $-constructions are available to indicate values of rule-elements. $$ constructions refer to values of nonterminals, $1 constructions refer to values of numbered elements of production rules (the examples use $1, but in general the positive number must be less than the element number of the action block in which it is used. Likewise, $-1 constructions refer to values of elements of production rules that are specified before the current rule's nonterminal, and in theory any negative number could be used. The term `value of' indicates the generic tt(STYPE_) value of an element. When a rule element is associated with a polymorphic type, then the term `semantic value of' is used. Here is an overview of the various possibilities: itemization( itt($$ = ) A semantic value is assigned to the rule. The right-hand side (rhs) of the assignment expression must be an expression of the type that is associated with $$. This assignment operation assumes that the type of the rhs-expression equals $$'s semantic value type. If the types don't match the compiler issues a compilation error when compiling tt(parse.cc). Casting the rhs to the correct value type is possible, but in that case the function call operator is preferred, which does not require casting. If no semantic value type was associated with $$ then the assignment tt($$ = STYPE_{}) can be used. itt($$(expr)) A semantic value is assigned to the rule. tt(Expr) must be of a type that can statically be cast to $$'s semantic value type. The required tt(static_cast) is generated by bic() and doesn't have to be specified for tt(expr). itt(_$$) This refers to the rule's return value (i.e., tt(d_val_)). No allowance is made for associated types. itt($$) If no semantic value was associated with $$ then this is shorthand for a reference to the rule's value. If a semantic value type was associated with $$ then a reference to the rule's semantic value is returned. itt($$.) If no semantic value was associated with $$ then this is shorthand for the member selector operator, applied to a reference to the rule's return value. If a semantic value type was associated with $$ then the member selector operator is applied to the rule's semantic value. itt($$->) If no semantic value was associated with $$ then this is shorthand for the pointer to member operator, applied to the rule's return value. If a semantic value type was associated with $$ then the pointer to member operator is applied to the rule's semantic value. itt(_$1) This refers to the variable containing the semantic value of the current production rule's first element. No allowance is made for associated types. itt($1) This construction refers to the semantic value of the production rule's first element. If no semantic value was associated with $1 then this is shorthand for the tt(STYPE_) value that's available for the production rule's element 1. If a semantic value was associated with $1 then $1 refers to the semantic value associated with the production rule's element 1. itt($1.) If no semantic value was associated with $1 then this is shorthand for the member selector operator, applied to the semantic value of the production rule's element 1. If a semantic value was associated with $1 then the member selector operator is applied to the semantic value associated with the production rule's element 1. itt($1->) If no semantic value was associated with $1 then this is shorthand for the pointer to member operator, applied to the semantic value of the production rule's element 1. If a semantic value was associated with $1 then the pointer to member operator is applied to the semantic value associated with the production rule's element 1. itt(_$-1) This refers to the value of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. No allowance is made for associated semantic types. itt($-1) Same: this refers to the value of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. No allowance is made for associated semantic types. itt($-1.) This is shorthand for the member selector operator applied to to the value of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. No allowance is made for associated semantic types. itt($1->) This is shorthand for the pointer to member operator applied to to the value of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. No allowance is made for associated semantic types. itt($-1) This refers to the semantic value of a polymorphic type (associated with tt(tag)) of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. If the semantic value type of that element doesn't match the type that is associated with tt(tag) then a run-time fatal error results. If that happens, and the tt(debug) option/directive was specified when bic() wrote the program's tt(parse) member, then the program can be rerun after specifying tt(parser.setDebug(Parser::ACTIONCASES)) to locate the tt(parse) function's action block where the fatal error was encountered. itt($-1.) This refers to the member selector operator applied to the semantic value of a polymorphic type (associated with tt(tag)) of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. If the semantic value type of that element doesn't match the type that is associated with tt(tag) then a run-time fatal error results. The procedure suggested at the previous tt($-1) item for solving such errors can be applied here as well. itt($-1->) This refers to the pointer to member operator applied to the semantic value of a polymorphic type (associated with tt(tag)) of some production rule element, 1 element before the current rule's nonterminal. If the semantic value type of that element doesn't match the type that is associated with tt(tag) then a run-time fatal error results. The procedure suggested at the previous tt($-1) item for solving such errors can be applied here as well. ) COMMENT( whenhtml( center( table(1)(l)( rowline() row(cell(center(includefile(polytable)))) )) includefile(polytablenotes) rowline() ) whenman( bf(%type and $$ or $1 specifications:) includefile(polytable) includefile(polytablenotes) ) bf(Direct semantic value assignments) (`$$(args)'): Production rules associated with polymorphic tags and production rules associated with tt(%type ) should assign values of matching types to the rules' semantic values. If a matching value type is available from a production rule's component it can directly be used to assign the semantic value of the rule's left-hand side nonterminal. E.g., $$ = $1 returns the semantic value of the production rule's first component. However, often production rules receiving tokens from the lexical scanner cannot refer to semantic values of components of their production rules, as the scanner merely returns the token and matching text, as in the following production rule: verb( number: // assume %type number NUMBER { // convert text to a numeric value } ; ) In such cases the appropriate semantic value must be initialized. Bic() translates phrases like tt($$ = xyz) into tt(d_val_.get() = xyz) (where tt(tag) is the production rule's left-hand side nonterminal's polymorphic tag, and tt(d_val_) (see below) is the parser's data member containing the action block's semantic value). The function tt(get) returns a reference to a value of the type matching tt(tag), but that value isn't available yet: in this case it is the action block's duty to initialize it. Unless there's comment at either side of the assignment operator, bic() recognizes such situations, and issues a warning, and such warnings should be prevented lest the generated tt(parse) function produce a segmentation fault. Fortunately, prevention is easy. To initialize a rule's semantic value a tt($$(args)) expression should be used (no blanks are allowed between tt($$) and the open-parenthesis). tt(Args) are at least one, comma-separated arguments. For tagged nonterminals bic() translates a tt($$(args)) expression into verb( d_val_.assign(args). ) where `tt(tag)' is the tag associated with the production rule's left-hand side nonterminal. For nonterminals that are associated with a tt(%type) specification only one argument can be passed to tt($$(arg)), which translates to verb( d_val_ = (arg); ) The tt($$(args)) syntax cannot be used for untagged production rules. If a nonterminal is associated with tt(%type) and its production rule calls a function returning a value of a known tagged type, then an explicit tt(assign) call can be used. E.g., verb( Symbol useSymbol(); // available function %polymorphic SYMBOL: Symbol; // directives %type rule rule: // grammar rule IDENTIFIER { $$.assign(useSymbol()); } ; bf(Member calls) (`$$.', `$1.', `($$)', `($1)', etc.):) When `$$.' or `$1.' is used default tags are ignored. A warning is issued that the default tag is ignored. This syntax allows members of the semantic value type (tt(STYPE_)) to be called explicitly. The default tag is only ignored if there are no additional characters (e.g., blanks, closing parentheses) between the dollar-expressions and the member selector operator (e.g., no tags are used with $1.member(), but tags are used with tt(($1).member())). In fact, notations like tt(($$), ($1)), etc. are synonym to using tt($$.get(), $1.get()) The opposite, overriding default tag associations, is accomplished using constructions like $$ and $1. When negative dollar indices are used, the appropriate tag must explicitly be specified. The next example shows how this is realized in the grammar specification file itself: verb( %polymorphic INT: int %type ident %% type: ident arg ; arg: { call($-1.get()); } ; ) In this example tt(call) may define an tt(int) or tt(int &) parameter. It is also possible to delegate specification of the semantic value to the function tt(call) itself, as shown next: verb( %polymorphic INT: int %type ident %% type: ident arg ; arg: { call($-1); } ; ) Here, the function tt(call) could be implemented like this: verb( void call(STYPE_ &st) { st.get() = 5; } ) Semantic values may also directly be associated with terminal tokens. In that case it is the lexical scanner's responsibility to assign a properly typed value to the parser's tt(STYPE_ d_val_) data member. When the lexical scanner receives a pointer to the parser's tt(d_val_) data member (using, e.g., a member tt(setSval(STYPE_ *dval))) IFDEF(manual)((cf. section ref(PRIVDATA)))(), then the lecical scanner must use em(tagged assignment) as shown in the above example to reach the different polymorphic types. The lexical scanner, having defined a tt(Parser::STYPE_ *d_val) data member could then use statements like verb( d_val.assign(stoi(matched())); ) to assign an tt(int) value to the parser's semantic value, which is then available to the parser when the lexical scanner's tt(lex) function returns as the semantic value (e.g., $1) of the production rule's element specifying the terminal token. Note, however that this requires the scanner to harbor some intelligence about the meaning of a tt(Parser::INT) token. It can be argued that this intelligence should only be available to the parser, and that the scanner should merely recognize regular expressions and return tokens and their corresponding matched text. END) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/symbols.yo0000664000175000017500000000730414700504612022100 0ustar frankfrankem(Symbols) are the building blocks of b() grammars. A em(terminal symbol) (also known as a em(token)) represents a class of syntactically equivalent symbols. Tokens are represented in b()'s parser class by a number, defined in an enum. The parser's tt(lex) member function returns a token value indicating what kind of token has been read. You don't need to know what the code value is; instead, its symbol should always be used. By convention, it contains uppercase characters. em(Nonterminal symbol) define concepts of grammars. The symbol name is used in writing grammar rules. By convention, it contains lowercase characters. Symbol names consist of letters, digits (not at the beginning), and underscores. B() does not support periods in symbol names (users familiar with Bison may observe that Bison em(does) support periods in symbol names, but the Bison's user guide states that `periods make sense only in nonterminals'. Even so, it appears that periods in symbols are hardly ever used). There are two ways terminal symbols can be referred to: itemization( it() A em(named token) is an identifier, like an identifier in bf(C++). Each token name must be defined with a b() directive such as tt(%token). See section ref(TOKTYPENAMES). it() A tt(character token) (or tt(literal character token)) is written in the grammar using bf(C++)'s character constants syntax; for example, 'tt(+)' is a character token. A character token doesn't need to be declared unless you need to specify its semantic value data type (cf. section ref(SEMANTICS)), associativity, or precedence (cf. section ref(PRECEDENCE)). ) By convention, a character token is only used to represent that particular character. Thus, the token 'tt(+)' is represents the character `tt(+)' as a token. All common escape sequences that can be used in bf(C++)'s character constants can be used in b() as well. Be careful not to use the tt(0) character as a character literal because its ASCII code, zero, is the code tt(lex) returns to indicate end-of-input (see section ref(LEX)). If your program em(must) be able to return 0-byte characters, define a special token (e.g., tt(ZERO_BYTE)) and return that token instead. Note that em(literal string tokens), formally supported in Bison, are em(not) supported by b(). Again, such tokens are hardly ever encountered, and lexical scanner generators (like bf(flex)(1) and bf(flexc++)(1)) do not support them. Common practice is to define a symbolic name for a literal string token. So, a token like tt(EQ) may be defined in the grammar file, with the lexical scanner returning tt(EQ) when it matches tt(==). The value returned by the parser's tt(lex) member is always a terminal token. The numeric code for a character token is simply the ASCII code of that character, and tt(lex) can simply return that character constant as a token value. Each named token becomes a bf(C++) enumeration value in the parser base class header file, and tt(lex) can return such enumeration identifiers as well. When using an externally defined lexical scanner, that lexical scanner should include the parser's base class header file, and it should return either character constants or the token identifiers defined in that header file. So, if (%token NUM) was defined in the parser class tt(Parser), then the lexical scanner may return tt(Parser::NUM). The symbol `tt(error)' is a reserved em(terminal) symbol reserved by b() for error recovery purposes (see chapter ref(RECOVERY)). The tt(error) symbol should not be used for other purposes. In particular, the parser's member function tt(lex) should never return tt(error). Several more identifiers should not be used as terminal symbols either. See section ref(IMPROPER) for an overview. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/intro.yo0000664000175000017500000000114414700504612021537 0ustar frankfrankB() processes a context-free grammar specification, producing a bf(C++) class offering various predefined members, among which the member tt(parse), that recognizes correct instances of the grammar. In this chapter the organization and specification of such a grammar file is discussed in detail. Having read this chapter you should be able to define a grammar for which B() can generate a class, containing a member that recognizes correctly formulated (according to the grammar) input. Such a grammar must be in the class of bf(LALR(1)) grammars (see, e.g., em(Aho, Sethi & Ullman), 2003 (Addison-Wesley)). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/essence/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612021460 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/essence/demo.cc0000664000175000017500000000405314700504612022715 0ustar frankfrank#include using namespace std; struct SType { int x = 123; template inline SType &operator=(Tp_ &&rhs); }; template struct Assign; template struct Assign { static SType &assign(SType *lhs, Tp_ &&tp); }; template struct Assign { static SType &assign(SType *lhs, Tp_ const &tp); }; template <> struct Assign { static SType &assign(SType *lhs, SType const &tp); }; template inline SType &Assign::assign(SType *lhs, Tp_ &&tp) { cout << "move assignment of some rhs type\n"; lhs->x = tp; return *lhs; } template inline SType &Assign::assign(SType *lhs, Tp_ const &tp) { cout << "std assign of some rhs type\n"; lhs->x = tp; return *lhs; } inline SType &Assign::assign(SType *lhs, SType const &tp) { cout << "Assignment of Stype to Stype through copy-assignment\n"; lhs->x = tp.x; return *lhs; } template inline SType &SType::operator=(Tp_ &&rhs) { return Assign< // the is_rvalue_reference is needed to set the first template // param. true, resuling in move assignment, using the first // overload: // Assign::assign(SType *lhs, Tp_ &&tp) std::is_rvalue_reference::value, // the rm ref. is needed to distinguish // Assign::assign(SType *lhs, Tp_ const &tp) and // Assign::assign(SType *lhs, SType const &tp) typename std::remove_reference::type >::assign(this, std::forward(rhs)); } // ==================================================================== double fact() { return 3.14; } int main() { SType st; int x = 10; st = st; cout << st.x << '\n'; st = x; cout << st.x << '\n'; st = int(5); cout << st.x << '\n'; st = fact(); cout << st.x << '\n'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/semantics.yo0000664000175000017500000000233314700504612022373 0ustar frankfrankA language's grammar rules define its syntax. Its semantics are defined through semantic values that can be associated with terminal and nonterminal symbols, and generally by the actions taken when nonterminals or parts of production rules have been recognized. For example, the calculator performs real-life calculations because the value associated with each expression is its computed numeric value; it correcly performs addition because the action for an expression like `x + y' is to add those numbers and to return their sum. Two ways of defining semantics have already been discussed: itemization( it() link(using a single data type for all semantic values)(STYPE); it() Semantic values representing link(several alternative data types)(UNION). ) A third way for defining semantic values is discussed next (cf. section ref(POLYMORPHIC)). em(Shorthand notations) that can be used in action blocks are described next (cf. section tt(ACTIONS)). Finally, Action blocks usually appear at the end of production rules. But in fact they can be defined anywhere in production rules. Refer to this section's final subsection (section ref(MIDACTIONS)) for the characteristics of such em(mid-rule action blocks). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/optdelim.yo0000664000175000017500000000314614700504612022225 0ustar frankfrankAn optional series of elements, separated from each other using delimiters occurs frequently in programming languages. For example, bf(C++) functions have parameter lists which may or may not require arguments. Since a parameter list may be defined empty, an em(empty) alternative is required. However, a simple generalization of the optional series construction (section ref(OPTSERIES)) won't work, since that would imply that the em(first) argument is preceded by a separator, which is clearly not the intention. So, the following construction is em(wrong): verb( opt_parlist: // empty | opt_parlist ',' parameter ) To define an optional series of delimited elements em(two) rules are required: one rule handling the optional part, the other the delimited series of elements. So, the correct definition is as follows: verb( opt_parlist: // empty | parlist ; parlist: parameter | parlist ',' parameter ; ) Again, the above rule pair can be used as a prototype for recognizing an optional series of delimited elements. The generic form of these rules could be formulated as follows: verb( opt_series: // empty | series ; series: element | series delimiter element ) Note that the tt(opt_series) rules neatly distinguishes the no-element case from the case were elements are present. Usually these two cases need to be handled quite differently, and the tt(opt_series) rules empty alternative easily allows us to recognize the no-elements case. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/parser.yo0000664000175000017500000000621014700504612021677 0ustar frankfrankIn this section a small demo-parser is developed using polymorphic semantic values. Its tt(%polymorphic) directive looks like this: verb( %polymorphic INT: int; TEXT: std::string; ) Furthermore, the grammar declares tokens tt(INT) and tt(IDENTIFIER), and pre-associates the tt(TEXT) tag with the tt(identifier) nonterminal, associates the tt(INT) tag with the tt(int) nonterminal. The tt(combi) nonterminal is associated with the generic tt(STYPE_) semantic value type: verb( %type identifier %type int %type combi ) The parser's grammar is simple, expecting input lines, formatted according to the following (tt(rule)) production rule: verb( rule: identifier '(' identifier ')' '\n' | identifier '=' int '\n' | combi '\n' ; ) The rules for tt(identifier) and tt(int) return, respectively, text and an tt(int) value: verb( identifier: IDENTIFIER { $$ = d_scanner.matched(); } ; int: INT { $$ = d_scanner.intValue(); } ; ) These simple assignments can be used as tt(int) is pre-associated with the tt(INT) tag and tt(identifier) is asociated with the tt(TEXT) tag. The tt(combi) rule, which is used in one of the production rules of `tt(rule)', accepts a single tt(int) value, as well as an identifier. So it cannot be associated with a single polymorphic type. But as it is associated with the generic tt(STYPE_) type, it can pass on any polymorphic value. In tt(rule's) production rule the generic semantic value is then simply passed on to tt(process), expecting a plain tt(STYPE_ const &). The function tt(process) has to inspect the semantic value's tag to learn what kind of value is stored inside the received semantic value. Here are the definition of the tt(combi) nonterminal and action blocks for the tt(rule) nonterminal: verb( combi: int | identifier ; rule: identifier '(' identifier ')' '\n' { cout << $1 << " " << $3 << '\n'; } | identifier '=' int '\n' { cout << $1 << " " << $3 << '\n'; } | combi '\n' { process($1); } ; ) Note that tt(combi's) production rules do not define action blocks. The standard way to handle these situations is to add tt($$ = $1) action blocks to non-empty production rules not defining final action blocks. This works well in the current example, but a tt(default-actions quiet) (or tt(warn)) option or directive can also be used. The function tt(process), called from tt(combi's) action block, inspects the semantic value's tag to select the proper way of handling the received semantic value. Here is its implementation: verb( void Parser::process(STYPE_ &semVal) const { if (semVal.tag() == Tag_::INT) cout << "Saw an int-value: " << semVal.get() << '\n'; else cout << "Saw text: " << semVal.get() << '\n'; } ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/polymorphicdirective.yo0000664000175000017500000000420514700504612024651 0ustar frankfrank Specifying the tt(%polymorphic) directive results in a parser using polymorphic semantic values. Polymorphic semantic value specifications consist of a em(tag), which is a bf(C++) identifier, and a bf(C++) type definition. Tags and type definitions are separated by colons, and multiple semantic value specifications are separated by semicolons. The semicolon trailing the final semantic value specification is optional: type name specifications end at a semicolon or at a percent character (indicating the beginning of the next directive). End of line comment and standard bf(C) comment may also be used, but both are ignored. The tt(%polymorphic) directive may be specified only once, and the tt(%polymorphic, %stype) and tt(%union) directives are mutually exclusive. Here is an example, defining three semantic values types: tt(int), tt(std::string) and tt(std::vector): verb( %polymorphic INT: int; STRING: std::string; VECT: std::vector ) The identifier to the left of the colon is called the em(type-tag) (or simply `em(tag)'), and the type definition to the right of the colon is called the em(type-definition). Types specified at the tt(%polymorphic) type-definitions must be built-in types or class-type declarations. Since bic() version 4.12.00 the types no longer have to be default-constructible. As the parser's generic semantic value type is called tt(STYPE_), and as functions called by the parser may return tt(STYPE_) values and may expect tt(STYPE_) arguments, grammar symbols can also be associated with the generic tt(STYPE_) semantic type using tt(%type ) directives. To prevent ambiguities the generic tt(STYPE_) type cannot be specified as a polymorphic type. E.g., a specification like tt(GENERIC: STYPE_) cannot be used when defining the tag/type pairs at the tt(%polymorphic) directive. When polymorphic type-names refer to types that have not yet been declared by the parser's base class header, then these types must be declared in a separate header file, included into the parser's base class header file through the tt(%baseclass-preinclude) directive. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/gramcons.yo0000664000175000017500000000063214700504612022216 0ustar frankfrankIn the following sections several basic building blocks for writing grammars are presented in their prototypical forms. When these building blocks are used to write a grammar, the resulting grammar is usually accepted by b(). Moreover, these building blocks are frequently encountered in programming languages. When designing your own grammar, try to stick as closely as possible to the following basic forms. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/grammar/series.yo0000664000175000017500000000211014700504612021670 0ustar frankfrankA series of elements normally use left-recursion. For example, bf(C++) supports em(string concatenation): series of double quote delimited tt(ASCII) characters define a string, and multiple white-space delimited strings are handled as one single string: verb( "hello" // multiple ws-delimited strings " " "world" "hello world" // same thing ) Usually a parser is responsible for concatenating the individual string-parts, receiving one or more tt(STRING) tokens from the lexical scanner. A tt(string) rule handles one or more incoming tt(STRING) tokens: verb( string: STRING | string STRING ) The above rule can be used as a prototype for recognizing a series of elements. The token tt(STRING) may of course be embedded in another rule. The generic form of this rule could be formulated as follows: verb( series: unit | series unit ) Note that the single element is em(first) recognized, whereafter the left-recursive alternative may be recognized repeatedly. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/introduction.yo0000664000175000017500000000370114700504612021500 0ustar frankfrankB() is a general-purpose parser generator converting grammar descriptions for LALR(1) context-free grammars into bf(C++) classes whose members can parse such grammars. Once you are a proficient b() user, you may use it to develop a wide range of language parsers, from those used in simple desk calculators to complex programming languages. B() is highly comparable to the program bison++, written by Alain Coetmeur: all properly-written bison++ grammars ought to be convertible to b() grammars requiring very little or no modifications. Anyone familiar with bison++ or its precursor, bison, should quickly be able to use b() as well. B() generates bf(C++) code, rather than bf(C) code, and so a fair knowledge of the bf(C++) programming language is required before b() can profitably be used. This manual closely resembles bf(bison)(1)'s userguide. In fact, many sections of that manual were copied straight into this manual. With b() distributions (both the full source distribution and the binary tt(.deb) distributions) bf(bison)'s orginal manual is included in both em(PostScript) and (converted from the tt(texi) format) tt(HTML) format. Where necessary sections of the original manual were adapted to b()'s characteristics. Some sections were removed, and some new sections were added to the current manual. Expect upgrades of the manual to appear without further notice. Upgrades will be announced in the manual's title. The current manual starts with tutorial chapters that explain the basic concepts of using b() and use three examples illustrating some of the core issues of LALR(1) grammars, each example building on the previous example (where available). If you don't know b(), bison++ or bison, start by reading these chapters. Reference chapters follow describing specific aspects of b() in detail. B() was designed and built by url(Frank B. Brokken)(mailto:f.b.brokken@rug.nl). The program's first version was constructed between November 2004 and May 2005. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/examples.yo0000664000175000017500000000311714700504612020576 0ustar frankfrankincludefile(demos/intro) lsect(RPN)(Rpn: a Reverse Polish Notation Calculator) includefile(demos/rpn.yo) subsect(Declarations for the `rpn' calculator) includefile(demos/rpndecl) subsect(Grammar rules for the `rpn' calculator) includefile(demos/rpngram) subsubsect(Explanation of `input') includefile(demos/rpninput) subsubsect(Explanation of `line') includefile(demos/rpnline) subsubsect(Explanation of `expr') includefile(demos/rpnexpr) lsubsect(RPNLEX)(The Lexical Scanner used by `rpn') includefile(demos/rpnlex) subsect(The Controlling Function `main()') includefile(demos/rpnmain) subsect(The error reporting member `error()') includefile(demos/rpnerror) subsect(Running Bisonc++ to generate the Parser) includefile(demos/rpnparser) subsect(Constructing and running `rpn') includefile(demos/rpnconstruct) lsect(CALC)(`calc': an Infix Notation Calculator) includefile(demos/calc.yo) lsect(ERROR)(Basic Error Recovery) includefile(demos/errors.yo) lsect(MFCALC)(`mfcalc': a Multi-Function Calculator) includefile(demos/mfcalc.yo) subsect(The Declaration Section for `mfcalc') includefile(demos/mfdecl.yo) subsect(Grammar Rules for `mfcalc') includefile(demos/mfgrammar.yo) subsect(The `mfcalc' Symbol- and Function Tables) includefile(demos/mftables.yo) lsubsect(MFLEX)(The new `lex()' member) includefile(demos/mflex.yo) subsect(Constructing `mfcalc') includefile(demos/mfbuild.yo) lsect(EXERCISES)(Exercises) includefile(demos/exercises.yo) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612020546 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/imphdr.yo0000664000175000017500000000130114700504612022375 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%implementation-header) tt(filename) tt(Filename) defines the name of the file to contain the implementation header. It defaults to the name of the generated parser class plus the suffix tt(.ih). The implementation header should contain all directives and declarations em(only) used by the implementations of the parser's member functions. It is the only header file that is included by the source file containing tt(parse)'s implementation. User defined implementation of other class members may use the same convention, thus concentrating all directives and declarations that are required for the compilation of other source files belonging to the parser class in one header file.nl() bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/lines.yo0000664000175000017500000000067614700504612022242 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%no-lines) Do not put bf(#line) preprocessor directives in the file containing the parser's tt(parse) function. By default tt(#line) preprocessor directives are inserted just before action blocks in the generated tt(parse.cc) file. The tt(#line) directives allow compilers and debuggers to associate errors with lines in your grammar specification file, rather than with the source file containing the tt(parse) function itself. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/baseclass.yo0000664000175000017500000000114314700504612023056 0ustar frankfrank Syntax: bf(%baseclass-header) tt(filename) tt(Filename) defines the name of the file to contain the parser's base class. This class defines, e.g., the parser's symbolic tokens. Defaults to the name of the parser class plus the suffix tt(base.h). It is always generated, unless (re)writing is suppressed by the tt(--no-baseclass-header) and tt(--dont-rewrite-baseclass-header) options. This directive is overruled by the bf(--baseclass-header) (bf(-b)) command-line option. It is an error to use this directive while an already existing parser class header file does not contain tt(#include "filename"). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/scannerclassname.yo0000664000175000017500000000100014700504612024426 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%scanner-class-name) tt(scannerClassName) nl() Defines the name of the scanner class, declared by the tt(pathname) header file that is specified at the tt(scanner) option or directive. By default the class name ttt(Scanner) is used. It is an error if this directive is used and either the tt(scanner) directive was not provided, or the parser class interface in an already existing parser class header file does not declare a scanner class tt(d_scanner) object. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/parse.yo0000664000175000017500000000025214700504612022230 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%parsefun-source) tt(filename) tt(Filename) defines the name of the source file to contain the parser member function tt(parse). Defaults to tt(parse.cc). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/tagmismatches.yo0000664000175000017500000000176014700504612023754 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%tag-mismatches) tt(on|off) This directive is only interpreted when polymorphic semantic values are used. When tt(on) is specified (which is used by default) the tt(parse) member of the generated parser dynamically checks that the tag used when calling a semantic value's tt(get) member matches the actual tag of the semantic value. If a mismatch is observed, then the parsing function aborts after displaying a fatal error message. If this happens, and if the option/directive tt(debug) was specified when bic() created the parser's parsing function, then the program can be rerun, specifying tt(parser.setDebug(Parser::ACTIONCASES)) before calling the parsing function. As a result the case-entry numbers of the tt(switch), defined in the parser's tt(executeAction) member, are inserted into the standard output stream. The action case number reported just before the program displays the fatal error message tells you in which of the grammar's action block the error was encountered. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/nonterms.yo0000664000175000017500000000236014700504612022765 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%type) tt( symbol-list) To associate (non-)terminals with specific semantic value types the bf(%type) directive is used. When tt(%polymorphic) is used to specify multiple semantic value types, (non-)terminals can be associated with one of the semantic value types specified with the tt(%polymorphic) directive. When tt(%union) is used to specify multiple semantic value types, (non-)terminals can be associated with one of the tt(union) fields specified with the tt(%union) directive. With this directive, tt(symbol-list) defines of one or more blank or comma delimited grammatical symbols (i.e., terminal and/or nonterminal symbols); tt(type) is either a polymorphic type-identifier or a field name defined in the tt(%union) specification. The specified nonterminal(s) are automatically associated with the indicate semantic type. The pointed arrows are part of the type specification. When the semantic value type of a terminal symbol is defined the em(lexical scanner) rather than the parser's actions must assign the appropriate semantic value to link(d_val_)(DVAL) just prior to returning the token. To associate terminal symbols with semantic values, terminal symbols can also be specified in a tt(%type) directive. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/tokenpath.yo0000664000175000017500000000216314700504612023116 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%token-path) tt(pathname) By default the symbolic tokens defined in the grammar specification are collected in the enumeration tt(Tokens_) which is defined in the generated parser's base class. This is a suboptimal procedure in cases where these tokens are also used by other classes. In those cases the tokens should be collected in an escalated class which can be accessed by classes that are independent of the generated tt(Parser) class. The directive tt(%token-path) is used for this: it expects a tt(pathname) path specification of the file to contain the tt(struct Tokens) defining the enumeration tt(Tokens_) containing the symbolic tokens of the generated grammar. If this option is specified the tt(ParserBase) class is derived from it, thus making the tokens available to the generated parser class. The name of the tt(struct Tokens) can be altered using the tt(token-class) option. By default (if tt(token_path) is not specified) the tokens are defined as the tt(enum Tokens_) in the tt(ParserBase) class. The tt(filenames) and tt(target-directory) directive specifications are ignored by tt(token-path). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/debug.yo0000664000175000017500000000073514700504612022212 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%debug) Provide tt(parse) and its support functions with debugging code, showing the actual parsing process on the standard output stream. When specified, debug output is shown by default, but its activity may be controlled using the tt(setDebug(bool on-off)) or tt(setDebug(DebugMode_)) members. Note that no tt(#ifdef DEBUG) macros are used anymore. Rerun b() without the bf(--debug) option to generate an equivalent parser not containing the debugging code. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/parserclass.yo0000664000175000017500000000106714700504612023445 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%class-name) tt(parser-class-name) By default, b() generates a parser-class using the class name tt(Parser). The default can be changed using this directive which defines the name of the bf(C++) class that will be generated. It may be defined only once and tt(parser-class-name) must be a bf(C++) identifier. It is an error if this directive is used and an already existing parser-class header file does not define tt(class `className') and/or if an already existing implementation header file does not define members of the class tt(`className'). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/namespace.yo0000664000175000017500000000113214700504612023050 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%namespace) tt(namespace) Defines all of the code generated by bic() in the namespace tt(namespace). By default no namespace is defined. If this options is used the implementation header will contain a commented out tt(using namespace) directive for the requested namespace. In addition, the parser and parser base class header files also use the specified namespace to define their include guard directives. It is an error to use this directive while an already existing parser-class header file and/or implementation header file does not specify tt(namespace identifier). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/scanner.yo0000664000175000017500000000150114700504612022545 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%scanner) tt(header) Use tt(header) as the pathname of a file to include in the parser's class header file. See the description of the link(--scanner)(SCANOPT) option for details about this directive. When this directive is used a tt(Scanner d_scanner) data member is automatically included in the generated parser, while the predefined bf(int lex()) member is simply returning tt(d_scanner.lex())'s return value. When, in addition to the tt(%scanner) directive the tt(%flex) directive was also specified then the function tt(d_scanner.YYText()) is called. Unless double quotes or angular brackets were explixity used, the specified tt(header) file will be surrounded by double quotes. It is an error to use this directive in combination with an already existing parser-class header not including `tt(header)'. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/polymorphic.yo0000664000175000017500000000161514700504612023467 0ustar frankfrank Syntax: bf(%polymorphic) tt(polymorphic-specification(s)) The tt(%polymorphic) directive is used to define a polymorphic semantic value class, offering a (preferred) alternative to (traditional) tt(union) types. Refer to section ref(POLYMORPHIC) for a detailed description of the specification, characteristics, and use of polymorphic semantic values. As a quick reference: to define multiple semantic values using a polymorphic semantic value class offering either an tt(int), a tt(std::string) or a tt(std::vector) specify: verb( %polymorphic INT: int; STRING: std::string; VECT: std::vector ) and use tt(%type) specifications (cf. section ref(TYPE)) to associate (non-)terminals with specific semantic value types. tt(%stype, %union) and tt(%polymorphic) are mutually exclusive: only one of these directives can be used. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/weaktags.yo0000664000175000017500000000137414700504612022732 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%weak-tags) By default, the tt(%polymorphic) directive declares a strongly typed enum: tt(enum class Tag_), and code generated by bic() always uses the tt(Tag_) scope when referring to tag identifiers. It is often possible (by pre-associating tokens with tags, using tt(%type) directives) to avoid the use of tags in user-code. If tags em(are) explicitly used, then they must be prefixed with the tt(Tag_) scope. Before the arrival of the C++-11 standard strongly typed enumerations didn't exist, and explicit enum-type scope prefixes were usually omitted. The tt(%weak-tags) directive can be specified when the tt(Tag_) enum should em(not) be declared as a strongly typed enum. This directive should not be used, unless you know what you're doing. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/threadsafe.yo0000664000175000017500000000055314700504612023230 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%thread-safe) Only used with polymorphic semantic values, and then only required when the same parser is used in multiple threads: it ensures that each thread's polymorphic code only accesses the errors counter (i.e., tt(d_nErrors_)) of its own parser. Instead of using the tt(%thread-safe) directive the tt(--thread-safe) option can also be used. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/errorverbose.yo0000664000175000017500000000052414700504612023637 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%error-verbose) The parser's state stack is dumped to the standard error stream when an error is detected by the tt(parse) member function. After calling tt(error) the stack is dumped from the top of the stack (highest offset) down to its bottom (offset 0). Each stack element is prefixed by the stack element's index. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/preinclude.yo0000664000175000017500000000070714700504612023255 0ustar frankfrank Syntax: bf(%baseclass-preinclude) tt(pathname) tt(Pathname) defines the path to the file preincluded in the parser's base-class header. See the description of the link(--baseclass-preinclude)(PREINCLUDE) option for details about this directive. By default `pathname' is surrounded by double quotes; but the double quotes can also explicitly be specified. When the argument is surrounded by em(pointed brackets) tt(#include
) is used. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/tokennamespace.yo0000664000175000017500000000064014700504612024114 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%token-namespace) tt(namespace) This directive is only processed when the tt(token-path) directive or option has also been specified. tt(Namespace) defines the namespace of the class containing the tt(Tokens_) enumeration. By default no namespace is used. The namespace defined here can independently be specified from the Parser's namespace (specified by the tt(namespace) directive or option). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/scannertokenfunction.yo0000664000175000017500000000141614700504612025361 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%scanner-token-function) tt(function-call) nl() This directive is used to specify how to call the scanner function returning the next token from the parser's tt(lex) function. A complete function call expression should be provided (including a scanner object, if applicable). Example: verb( %scanner-token-function d_scanner.lex() ) If the function call contains white space then the function call specification must be surrounded by double quotes. It is an error to use this directive in combination with an already existing internal header file (.ih file) in which the specified function is not called. Note that an expression is expected, not an expression em(statement): do not include a final semicolon in the specification. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/start.yo0000664000175000017500000000100414700504612022247 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%start) tt(nonterminal symbol) By default b() uses the nonterminal that is defined by the first rule in a grammar specification file as the start symbol. I.e., the parser tries to recognize that nonterminal when parsing input. This default behavior may be modified using the tt(%start) directive. The nonterminal symbol specifies a nonterminal that may be defined anywhere in the rules section of the grammar specification file. This nonterminal then becomes the grammar's start symbol. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/defaultactions.yo0000664000175000017500000000675514700504612024141 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%default-actions) tt(off|quiet|warn|std) By default, production rules without final action blocks are augmented by the bf(bison)(1) parser generator with tt($$ = $1) action blocks: the semantic value of the first component is returned as the rule's semantic value. Its manual also states that for empty rules there is no meaningful default action. However, it could be argued that empty production rules could return default semantic values, resulting in every matched rule having a defined semantic value. When multiple semantic value types are used, the semantic value type returned by a tt($$ = $1) action is not uniquely defined. For one rule tt($1) might be an tt(int) field in a union, for another rule it might be a tt(std::string *). With polymorphic semantic values comparable situations are encountered. By default, b() mimics bison's behavior in that it adds a tt($$ = $1) action block to rules not having final action blocks, but not to empty production rules. This default behavior can also explicitly be configured using the tt(default-actions std) option or directive. B() also supports alternate ways of handling rules not having final action blocks. When tt(off) is specified, b() does not add tt($$ = $1) action blocks; when polymorphic semantic values are used, then specifying itemization( it() tt(warn) adds specialized action blocks, using the semantic types of the first elements of the production rules, while issuing a warning; it() tt(quiet) adds these action blocks without issuing warnings. ) When either tt(warn) or tt(quiet) are specified the types of $$ and $1 must match. When b() detects a type mismatches it issues errors. When polymorphic semantic values are used then the default tt($$ = $1) action probably is less useful than when, e.g., plain tt(%stype) semantic values are used. After all, no semantic values are associated with tt($$). Furthermore, once the production rule has been recognized, the production rule is reduced to the rule's left-hand side non-terminal. Thus, tt($1) ceases to exists, immediately following the tt($$ = $1) statement. Therefore, em(if) default actions are used in combination with polymorphic semantic value types they are implemented using move-operations: tt($$ = std::move($1)). However, in this situation default actions can frequently be suppressed, slightly improving the efficency of the generated parser. When a default action block can be added to a production rule and either tt(warn) or tt(quiet) was specified, b() compares the types associated with rule's nonterminal, and with the production rule's first element. The tt(warn) and tt(quiet) specifications make identical decisions about the action blocks to add, but in addition tt(warn) also shows a warning message that the action block is added to the production rule. itemization( it() If no type is associated with the rule then no default action block is added if no type was associated with the production rule's first element either; otherwise an error is issued. it() If the rule's type is tt(STYPE_) then, if no type is associated with the production rule's first element it is initialized to tt(STYPE_); otherwise it is initialized with the first element's semantic value. it() If the rule is associated with a polymorphic tag then, if the same tag was associated with production rule's first element it is initialized with the first element's semantic value. Otherwise an error is issued. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/improper.yo0000664000175000017500000000105514700504612022755 0ustar frankfrankSeveral identifiers cannot be used as token names as their use would collide with identifiers that are defined in the parser's base class. In particular, itemization( it() no token should end in an underscore (tt(_)). it() some identifiers are reserved and cannot be used as tokens. They are: verb( ABORT, ACCEPT, ERROR, clearin, debug, error, setDebug ) Except for tt(error), which is a predefined terminal token, these identifiers are traditionally used names of functions in the parser class defined by b(). ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/classhdr.yo0000664000175000017500000000076614700504612022733 0ustar frankfrank Syntax: bf(%class-header) tt(filename) tt(Filename) defines the name of the file to contain the parser class. Defaults to the name of the parser class plus the suffix tt(.h) This directive is overruled by the bf(--class-header) (bf(-c)) command-line option. It is an error to use this directive while an already existing parser-class header file does not define tt(class `className') and/or if an already existing implementation header file does not define members of the class tt(`className'). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/stype.yo0000664000175000017500000000177314700504612022273 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%stype typename) nl() This directive defines the type of the semantic value of tokens. The specified type must be a default constructible type, like tt(size_t) or tt(std::string). By default, b() uses tt(int) for the semantic value type of its parser's tokens. To use another single semantic value type , this directive must be used. In programs using a simple grammar it may be sufficient to use the same data type for the semantic values of all language constructs (see, e.g., sections ref(RPN) and ref(CALC)). Any text following tt(%stype) up to the end of the line, up to the first of a series of trailing blanks or tabs or up to a comment-token (tt(//) or tt(/*)) becomes part of the type definition. Be sure em(not) to end a tt(%stype) definition in a semicolon. tt(%stype, %union) and tt(%polymorphic) are mutually exclusive: only one of these directives can be used. Sources including the generated parser class header file should refer to the semantic value typename as bf(STYPE_). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/lneeded.yo0000664000175000017500000000120114700504612022511 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%lsp-needed) When this directive is specified the standard location stack is added to the generated parser class. The standard location type (defined in the parser's base class) is equal to the following struct: verb( struct LTYPE_ { int timestamp; int first_line; int first_column; int last_line; int last_column; char *text; }; ) Note that defining this struct type does not imply that its field are also assigned. Some form of communication with the lexical scanner is probably required to initialize the fields of this struct properly. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/intro.yo0000664000175000017500000000500014700504612022245 0ustar frankfrankThe declaration section of a grammar file defines the symbols used in formulating the production rules and the data types of semantic values. See section ref(SYMBOLS). All token names (except for single-character literal tokens such as '+' and '*') must be declared. If data types must be associated with semantic values of symbols (see sections ref(SEMANTICS)) then those symbols must also be declared. By default the first rule in the rule section specifies the grammar's em(start symbol). The tt(%start) directive can be used to specify another rule (see section ref(LANGUAGES)). This section covers all of b()'s declarations. Some have already been mentioned, but several more are available. Some define how the grammar parses its input (like tt(%left, %right)); other directives define, e.g., the name of the parsing function, or the name(s) of the files b() generates. In particular readers familiar with Bison (or Bison++) should read this section thoroughly, since b()'s directives are more extensive and different from the `declarations' offered by Bison, and the macros defined by Bison++. Several directives expect file- or pathname arguments. File- or pathnames must be provided on the same line as the directive itself, starting at the first non-blank character after the directive. File- or pathnames may contain escape sequences (e.g., if you must: use `tt(\ )' to include a blank in a filename), and continue until encountering the next blank character. Alternatively, file- or pathnames may be surrounded by double quotes (tt("...")) or pointed brackets (tt(<...>)). Pointed brackets surrounding file- or path-names merely function to delimit filenames. They do not refer to, e.g., bf(C++)'s include path. No escape sequences are required for blanks within delimited file- or path-names. Directives accepting a `filename' do not accept path names, i.e., they cannot contain directory separators (tt(/)); directives accepting a 'pathname' may contain directory separators. Sometimes directives have analogous command-line options. In those cases command-line options take priority over directives. Some directives may generate errors. This happens when a directive conflicts with the contents of a file bic() cannot modify (e.g., a parser class header file exists, but doesn't define a namespace, but a tt(%namespace) directive was provided). To solve such errore the offending directive could be omitted, the existing file could be removed, or the existing file could be hand-edited according to the directive's specification. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/locstruct.yo0000664000175000017500000000061614700504612023144 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%locationstruct) tt(struct-definition) Defines the organization of the location-struct data type bf(LTYPE_). This struct should be specified analogously to the way the parser's stacktype is defined using bf(%union) (see below). The location struct type is named bf(LTYPE_). If neither bf(locationstruct) nor bf(LTYPE_) is specified, the default link(LTYPE_)(LSPNEEDED) struct is used. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/targetdir.yo0000664000175000017500000000026314700504612023105 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%target-directory) tt(pathname) tt(Pathname) defines the directory where generated files should be written. By default this is the directory where bic() is called. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/flex.yo0000664000175000017500000000041514700504612022055 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%flex) nl() When provided, the scanner matched text function is called as tt(d_scanner.YYText()), and the scanner token function is called as tt(d_scanner.yylex()). This directive is only interpreted if the tt(%scanner) directive is also provided. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/required.yo0000664000175000017500000000231014700504612022733 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%required-tokens) tt(ntokens) Whenever a syntactic error is detected during the parsing process subsequent tokens received by the parsing function may easily cause yet another (spurious) syntactic error. In this situation error recovery in fact produces an avalanche of additional errors. If this happens the recovery process may benefit from a slight modification. Rather than reporting every syntactic error encountered by the parsing function, the parsing function may wait for a series of successfully processed tokens before reporting the next error. The directive tt(%required-tokens) can be used to specify this number. E.g., the specification tt(%required-tokens 10) requires the parsing function to process successfully a series of 10 tokens before another syntactic error is reported (and counted). If a syntactic error is encountered before processing 10 tokens then the counter counting the number of successfully processed tokens is reset to zero, no error is reported, but the error recoery procedure continues as usual. The number of required tokens can also be set using the option link(--required-tokens)(REQUIRED). By default the number of required tokens is initialized to 0. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/tokenclass.yo0000664000175000017500000000122414700504612023264 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%token-class) tt(classname) This directive is only processed when the tt(token-path) directive or option has also been specified. tt(Classname) defines the name of the tt(Tokens) class that is defined when the tt(token-path) option (see below) is specified. By default the class name tt(Tokens) is used. Assuming the default, then classes that need access to the tokens defined by bic() may derive from tt(Tokens) (in which case a token like tt(IDENTIFIER) can directly be used, or tokens must be provided with their class context (e.g., tt(Tokens::IDENTIFIER)). The enumeration tt(Tokens_) in the tt(Tokens) class has public access rights. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/output.yo0000664000175000017500000000155714700504612022467 0ustar frankfrankUnless otherwise specified, b() uses the name of the parser-class to derive the names of most of the files it may generate. Below tt() should be interpreted as the name of the parser's class, tt(Parser) by default, but configurable using tt(%class-name) (see section ref(PARSERCLASS)). itemization( it() The parser's base class header: tt(base.h), configurable using tt(%baseclass-header) (see section ref(BCHEADER)) or tt(%filenames) (see section ref(FILES)); it() The parser's class header: tt(.h), configurable using tt(%class-header) (see section ref(CHEADER)) or tt(%filenames) (see section ref(FILES)); it() The parser's implementation header file: tt(.ih), configurable using tt(%implementation-header) (see section ref(IHEADER)) or tt(%filenames) (see section ref(FILES)); ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/union.yo0000664000175000017500000000445514700504612022257 0ustar frankfrank Syntax: bf(%union) tt(union-definition body) In the grammars of many programs different types of data are used for different terminal and nonterminal tokens. For example, a numeric constant may need type tt(int) or tt(double), while a string needs type tt(std::string), and an identifier might need a pointer to an entry in a symbol table. Traditionally, the tt(%union) directive has always been used to accomplish this. The directive defines a bf(C) union-type whose fields specify one or more data types for semantic values. The directive tt(%union) is followed by a pair of braces containing one or more field definitions. For example: verb( %union { double u_val; symrec *u_tptr; }; ) In this example the two fields represent a tt(double) and a tt(symrec *). The associated field names are tt(u_val) and tt(u_tptr), which are used in the tt(%token) and tt(%type) directives to specify types that are associated with terminal or nonterminal symbols (see section ref(TYPE)). Notes: itemization( it() The semicolon following the closing brace is em(optional). it() Since bf(C++-11) class types can be used in tt(union) definitions; they can also be used when defining b()'s tt(%union) directives. When a class type variant is required, all required constructors, the destructor and other members (like overloaded assignment operators) must be able to handle the actual class type data fields properly. A discussion of how to use unrestricted unions is beyon this manual's scope, but can be found, e.g., in the url(C++ Annotations)(http://cppannotations.sf.net). See also section ref(SEMANTICS). it() The tt(%union) directive is also a bit of an anachronism. In many situations using tt(%polymorphic) is more attractive than using tt(%union) (cf. section ref(POLYMORPHIC)). ) Although the tt(%union) directive is still supported by b(), its use is largely superseded by the newer tt(%polymorphic) directive, allowing b() and the bf(C++) compiler to verify that the correct types are used when semantic values are assigned or retrieved, which, in turn, helps preventing run-time errors. tt(%stype, %union) and tt(%polymorphic) are mutually exclusive: only one of these directives can be used. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/prec.yo0000664000175000017500000001247514700504612022061 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%prec) tt(token) The construction bf(%prec) tt(token) may be used in non-empty production rules to overrule the actual precedence of an operator in those production rules. Well known is the construction verb( expression: '-' expression %prec UMINUS { ... } ) Here, the default precedence and precedence of the tt(`-') token as the subtraction operator is overruled by the precedence and precedence of the tt(UMINUS) token, which is frequently defined as: verb( %right UMINUS ) E.g., a list of arithmetic operators could consists of: verb( %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' '%' %right UMINUS ) giving tt(* /) and tt(%) a higher precedence than tt(+) and tt(-), ensuring at the same time that tt(UMINUS) is given both the highest precedence and a right-associativity. In the above production rule the operator order would result in the construction verb( '-' expression ) being evaluated from right to left, having a higher precedence than either the multiplication or the addition operators. The tt(%prec) directive associates priorities to (non-empty) rules. These priorities are interpreted whenever there are (shift-reduce) conflicts. If there are no conflicts, priorities are not required, and are consequently ignored. When the parser analyzes the above grammar, a conflict em(is) encountered. Consider the following simple grammar, in which only the minus (tt('-')) operator is used, albeit in beinary and unary form: verb( %token NR %left '-' %right UNARY expr: NR | expr '-' expr | '-' expr %prec UNARY ; ) When analuzing this grammar, bic() defines em(states) (cf. chapter ref(ALGORITHM)) defining what to do when encountering certain input tokens. Each possibility is defined by an em(item), in which a dot (tt(.)) is commonly used to show to which point a production rule has been recognized. For the above grammar one such state looks like this: verb( 0: expr -> '-' expr . { '-' } 1: expr -> expr . '-' expr ) The elements between parentheses define the em(look-ahead) tokens: the token that may appear next for em(reducible) rules. Item 0 is such a reducible rule, and it is used to reduce tt('-' expr) to an expression (tt(expr)). The second item shows the production rule defining the binary minus operator. Its left-hand side expression has been recognized, and the parser expects to see a minus operator next. The conflict is caused by the expected minus operator in item 1, and a minus operator that may follow item 0. As there is only one look-ahead symbol (since bic() can only handle LALR(1) grammars) the grammer contains a shift-reduce conflict: shift, and continue with item 1; or reduce, and continue with item 0. In this case, tt(%prec) solves the issue, by giving item 0 a higher precedence than item 1 (whose precedence is equal to the precedence of its first terminal token, which is the binary minus operator's precedence). Although never encountered in real life, it's also possible to give the unary minus operator a em(lower) priority than the binary minus operator. The grammar, in this case, looks like this: verb( %token NR %right UNARY %left '-' expr: NR | expr '-' expr | '-' expr %prec UNARY ; ) With this grammar we encounter a state with these two items: verb( 0: expr -> '-' expr . { } 1: expr -> expr . '-' expr ) Here, the conflict no longer manifests itself, as the minus operator no longer appears in item 0's look-ahead set. The resulting parser will, when encountering a minus, shift the minus, and proceed according to item 1, and when anything else is encountered reduce the tt('-' expr) production to tt(expr). In real life this means that an expression like tt(-4 - 3) evaluates to -1. To illustrate a situation where tt(%prec) won't work consider this grammar: verb( %token NR %left '-' %right POSTFIX expr: NR | expr '-' expr | expr '-' %prec POSTFIX ; ) When this grammar is analyzed the following state is encountered: verb( 0: expr -> expr '-' . expr 1: expr -> expr '-' . { '-' } 2: expr -> . NR 3: expr -> . expr '-' expr 4: expr -> . expr '-' ) To appreciate why tt(%prec) doesn't work here, consider the various look-ahead tokens. For items 0, 3, and 4 the look-ahead token is the non-terminal tt(expr); for item 2 the look-ahead token is the terminal tt(NR), and for item 1, handling the postfix minus operator, it is a minus character. Thus, there isn't any conflict between the shiftable items and the reducible item 1, and consequently the tt(%prec) specification isn't used. Any attempt to define a grammar handling a postfix minus operator will fail. A common solution consists of defining a separate operator, explicitly giving it its appropriate priority and associativity. E.g., verb( %token NR %left '-' %right '_' // underscore expr: NR | expr '-' expr | expr '_' // underscore as postfix minus ; ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/negative.yo0000664000175000017500000000071714700504612022726 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%negative-dollar-indices) Accept (do not generate warnings) zero- or negative dollar-indices in the grammar's action blocks. Zero or negative dollar-indices are commonly used to implement inherited attributes and should normally be avoided. When used they can be specified like tt($-1), or like tt($-1), where tt(type) is an tt(STYPE_) tag; or a tt(%union) field-name. See also sections ref(ACTIONS), ref(SPECIAL), and ref(POLYMORPHIC). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/include.yo0000664000175000017500000000223714700504612022546 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%include) tt(pathname) This directive is used to switch to tt(pathname) while processing a grammar specification. Unless tt(pathname) defines an absolute file-path, tt(pathname) is searched relative to the location of bic()'s main grammar specification file (i.e., the grammar file that was specified as bic()'s command-line option). This directive can be used to split long grammar specification files in shorter, meaningful units. After processing tt(pathname) processing continues beyond the tt(%include pathname) directive. Bic()'s main grammar specification file could simply be: verb( %include spec/declarations %% %include spec/rules ) where tt(spec/declarations) contains declarations and tt(spec/rules) contains the rules. Each of the files included using tt(%include) may itself use tt(%include) directives (which are then processed relative to their locations). The default nesting limit for tt(%include) directives is 10, but the option link(--max-inclusion-depth)(MAXDEPTH) can be used to change this default. tt(%include) directives should be specified on their own lines, not containing any other information. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/tokens.yo0000664000175000017500000000246314700504612022427 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: quote( bf(%token) tt(terminal token(s)) nl() bf(%token) [ ] tt(terminal token(s)) ) The bf(%token) directive is used to define one or more symbolic terminal tokens. When multiple tokens are listed they must be separated by whitespace or by commas. The tt() specification is optional, and specifies the type of the semantic value when receiving one of the subsequently named tokens is received. The pointed arrows are part of the type specification; the type itself must be a field of a tt(%union) specification (see section ref(UNION)) or a tag defined at the tt(%polymorphic) directive (see section ref(POLYMORPHIC)). b() traditionally converted symbolic tokens (including those defined by the precedence directives (cf. section ref(PRECEDENCE))) into tt(Parser::Tokens_) enumeration values (see section ref(PARSERCLASS)), allowing the lexical scanner to return named tokens as tt(Parser::name). Although this approach is still available, it is deprecated as of b()'s version 6.04.00. Starting with that version the tt(token-path) option or directive should be used, by default defining the symbolic tokens in the class tt(Tokens), made available in a separate file which can be included by any class needing access to the grammar's symbolic tokens (cf. section ref(TOKENPATH)). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/expect.yo0000664000175000017500000000263714700504612022417 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%expect) tt(number) B() normally warns if there are any conflicts in the grammar (see section ref(SHIFTREDUCE)), but many real grammars have harmless em(shift/reduce conflicts) which are resolved in a predictable way and which would be difficult to eliminate. It is desirable to suppress the warning about these conflicts unless the number of conflicts changes. You can do this with the tt(%expect) declaration. The argument tt(number) is a decimal integer. The declaration says there should be no warning if there are tt(number) shift/reduce conflicts and no em(reduce/reduce conflicts). The usual warning is given if there are either em(more) or em(fewer) conflicts, em(or) if there are em(any) reduce/reduce conflicts. In general, using tt(%expect) involves these steps: itemization( it() Compile your grammar without tt(%expect). Use the `tt(-V)' option to get a verbose list of where the conflicts occur. B() will also print the number of conflicts. it() Check each of the conflicts to make sure that b()'s default resolution is what you really want. If not, rewrite the grammar and go back to the beginning. it() Add an tt(%expect) declaration, copying the number of (shift-reduce) conflict printed by b(). ) Now b() will stop annoying you about the conflicts you have checked, but it will warn you again if changes in the grammar result in a different number or type of conflicts. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/precedence.yo0000664000175000017500000000372614700504612023224 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: quote( bf(%left) [ ] terminal(s) nl() bf(%nonassoc) [ ] terminal(s) nl() bf(%right) [ ] terminal(s) ) These directives are called em(precedence directives) (see also section ref(PRECEDENCE) for general information on operator precedence). The tt(%left), tt(%right), and tt(%nonassoc) directives are used to declare tokens and to specify their precedence and associativity, all at once. itemization( it() The em(associativity) of an operator tt(op) determines how repeated uses of the operator em(nest): whether `tt(x op y op z)' is parsed by combining tt(x) with tt(y) first or by combining tt(y) with tt(z) first. tt(%left) specifies em(left-associativity) (combining tt(x) with tt(y) first) and tt(%right) specifies em(right-associativity) (combining tt(y) with tt(z) first). tt(%nonassoc) specifies em(no) associativity, which means that `tt(x op y op z)' is not a defined operation, and could be considered an error. it() The em(precedence) of an operator determines how it nests in combination with other operators. All the tokens declared in a single precedence directive have equal precedence and nest together according to their associativity. When two tokens declared in different precedence directives associate, the one declared em(later) has the higher precedence and is grouped em(first). ) The tt() specification is optional, and specifies the type of the semantic value when a token specified to the right of a tt() specification is received. The pointed arrows are part of the type specification; the type itself must be a field of a tt(%union) (see section ref(UNION)) or it must be a polymorphic em(tag) (see section ref(POLYMORPHIC)). When multiple tokens are listed they must be separated by whitespace or by commas. Note that the precedence directives also serve to define token names: symbolic tokens mentioned with these directives should not be defined using tt(%token) directives. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/ltype.yo0000664000175000017500000000114614700504612022256 0ustar frankfrank bf(%ltype typename) Specifies a user-defined token location type. If bf(%ltype) is used, tt(typename) should be the name of an alternate default-constructible type (e.g., bf(size_t)). It should not be used together with a link(%locationstruct)(LOCSTRUCT) specification. From inside the parser class, this type may be referred to as bf(LTYPE_). Any text following tt(%ltype) up to the end of the line, up to the first of a series of trailing blanks or tabs or up to a comment-token (tt(//) or tt(/*)) becomes part of the type definition. Be sure em(not) to end an tt(%ltype) definition in a semicolon. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/filenames.yo0000664000175000017500000000017614700504612023066 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%filenames) tt(filename) tt(Filename) is a generic filename, used for all header files generated by bic(). bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/print.yo0000664000175000017500000000055214700504612022255 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%print-tokens) The tt(%print-tokens) directive provides an implementation of the Parser class's tt(print_) function displaying the current token value and the text matched by the lexical scanner as received by the generated tt(parse) function. The tt(print_) function is also implemented if the tt(--print) command-line option is provided. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/prompt.yo0000664000175000017500000000076414700504612022447 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%prompt) When adding debugging code (using the tt(debug) option or directive) debug information is displayed continuously while the parser processes its input. When using the tt(prompt) directive the generated parser displays a prompt (a question mark) at each step of the parsing process. Caveat: when using this option the parser's input cannot be provided at the parser's standard input stream. Instead of using the tt(%prompt) directive the tt(--prompt) option can also be used. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/scannermatchedtextfunction.yo0000664000175000017500000000153614700504612026556 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%scanner-matched-text-function) tt(function-call) nl() The tt(%scanner-matched-text-function) directive defines the scanner function that must be called to obtain the text matching the most recently returned token. By default this is tt(d_scanner.matched()). A complete function call expression should be provided (including a scanner object, if applicable). This option overrules the tt(d_scanner.matched()) call used by default when the tt(%scanner) directive is specified. Example: verb( %scanner-matched-text-function myScanner.matchedText() ) If the function call expression contains white space then the tt(function-call) specification must be surrounded by double quotes (tt(")). Note that an expression is expected, not an expression em(statement): do not include a final semicolon in the specification. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/directives/stackexpansion.yo0000664000175000017500000000051214700504612024147 0ustar frankfrankSyntax: bf(%stack-expansion) tt(size) Defines the number of elements to be added to the generated parser's semantic value stack when it must be enlarged. By default 10 elements are added to the stack. This option/directive is interpreted only once, and only if tt(size) at least equals the default stack expansion size of 10. bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/conditions.yo0000664000175000017500000000015614700504612021131 0ustar frankfrankincludefile(conditions/intro.yo) sect(The `GNU General Public License' (GPL)) includefile(conditions/gpl.yo) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/invoking/0000775000175000017500000000000014771311327020240 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/invoking/options.yo0000664000175000017500000006073714771311327022321 0ustar frankfrank Where available, single letter options are listed between parentheses beyond their associated long-option variants. Single letter options require arguments if their associated long options also require arguments. Options affecting the class- or implementation header files are ignored if these files already exist. Options accepting a `filename' do not accept path names, i.e., they cannot contain directory separators (tt(/)); options accepting a 'pathname' may contain directory separators. Some options may cause errors. This happens when they conflict with the contents of a file which bic() cannot modify (e.g., a parser class header file exists, but doesn't define a namespace, but a tt(--namespace) option was specified). To solve the error the offending option could be omitted; the existing file could be removed; or the existing file could be hand-edited according to the option's specification. Note that bic() currently does not handle the opposite error condition: if a previously used option is omitted, then bic() does not report an inconsistency. In those cases compilation errors may be observed. itemization( it() loption(analyze-only) (soption(A))nl() Only analyze the grammar. No files are (re)written. This option can be used to test the grammatic correctness of modification `in situ', without overwriting previously generated files. If the grammar contains syntactic errors only syntax analysis is performed. it() lsoption(baseclass-header)(b)(filename)nl() tt(Filename) defines the name of the file to contain the parser's base class. This class defines, e.g., the parser's symbolic tokens. Defaults to the name of the parser class plus the suffix tt(base.h). It is generated, unless otherwise indicated (see tt(--no-baseclass-header) and tt(--dont-rewrite-baseclass-header) below). It is an error if this option is used and an already existing parser class header file does not contain tt(#include "filename"). it() label(PREINCLUDE) lsoption(baseclass-preinclude)(H)(pathname)nl() tt(Pathname) defines the path to the file preincluded in the parser's base-class header. This option is needed in situations where the base class header file refers to types which might not yet be known. E.g., with polymorphic semantic values a tt(std::string) value type might be used. Since the tt(string) header file is not by default included in tt(parserbase.h) we somehow need to inform the compiler about this and possibly other headers. The suggested procedure is to use a pre-include header file declaring the required types. By default `tt(header)' is surrounded by double quotes: tt(#include "header") is used when the option tt(-H header) is specified. When the argument is surrounded by pointed brackets tt(#include
) is included. In the latter case, quotes might be required to escape interpretation by the shell (e.g., using tt(-H '
')). it() lsoption(baseclass-skeleton)(B)(pathname)nl() tt(Pathname) defines the path name to the file containing the skeleton of the parser's base class. It defaults to the installation-defined default path name (e.g., tt(/usr/share/bisonc++/) plus tt(bisonc++base.h)). it() lsoption(class-header)(c)(filename)nl() tt(Filename) defines the name of the file to contain the parser class. Defaults to the name of the parser class plus the suffix tt(.h) It is an error if this option is used and an already existing implementation header file does not contain tt(#include "filename"). it() loption(class-name) tt(className) nl() Defines the name of the bf(C++) class that is generated. If neither this option, nor the tt(%class-name) directory is specified, then the default class name (tt(Parser)) is used. It is an error if this option is used and tt(className) differs from the name of the class that is defined in an already existing parser-class header file and/or if an already existing implementation header file does not define members of the class tt(`className'). it() lsoption(class-skeleton)(C)(pathname)nl() tt(Pathname) defines the path name to the file containing the skeleton of the parser class. It defaults to the installation-defined default path name (e.g., tt(/usr/share/bisonc++/) plus tt(bisonc++.h)). it() loption(construction)nl() Details about the construction of the parsing tables are written to the same file as written by the tt(--verbose) option (i.e., tt(.output), where tt() is the input file read by bic()). This information is primarily useful for developers. It augments the information written to the verbose grammar output file, generated by the tt(--verbose) option. it() loption(debug)nl() Provide the generated tt(parse) and its support functions with debugging code, optionally showing the actual parsing process on the standard output stream. When included, the debugging output is active by default, but its activity may be controlled using the tt(setDebug(bool on-off)) member. Bic() does not use tt(#ifdef DEBUG) macros. Rerun bic() without the tt(--debug) option to remove the debugging code. Note that this option does em(not) show the actions of bic()'s own parser, its own lexical scanner or merely the numbers of the case-entries executed by the parser's tt(parse) function. If that is what you want, use the tt(--own-debug, --action-cases, --scanner-debug) and/or tt(--own-tokens) options. When polymorphic semantic values are used (see section IFDEF(manpagetext)(\ bf(POLYMORPHIC SEMANTIC VALUES)\ )(\ ref(POLYMORPHIC)\ )) then the generated parser might attempt to retrieve an incorrect polymorphic value. In that case a fatal error is generated, ending bic()'s run. The error message itself cannot refer to the action block where the error occurred. If this situation is encountered, rerun bic(), specifying tt(--debug) and call tt(parser.setDebug(Parser::ACTIONCASES)): as a debugging aid the generated parser then shows the executeAction switch's case entry numbers just before their execution. it() lsoption(default-actions)(d)(off|quiet|warn)nl() When tt(warn) is specified (which is the default) an action block executing tt($$ = $1) (or tt($$ = STYPE_{}) for empty production rules) is added to production rules that do not explicitly define their own final action blocks, while issuing a warning. When tt(quiet) is specified these action blocks are silently added. It is an error when the types of $$ and $1 differ (but it is OK if neither $$ nor $1 is associated with a specific type). When tt(off) is specified no action blocks are added (issuing a warning unless the option/directive tt(tag-mismatches off) has been specified). it() label(ERRORVERBOSE)loption(error-verbose)nl() When a syntactic error is reported, the generated parse function dumps the parser's state stack to the standard output stream. The stack dump shows on separate lines a stack index followed by the state stored at the indicated stack element. The first stack element is the stack's top element. it() lsoption(filenames)(f)(filename)nl() tt(Filename) is a generic file name that is used for all header files generated by bic(). Options defining specific file names are also available (which then, in turn, overrule the name specified by this option). it() loption(flex)nl() Bic() generates code calling tt(d_scanner.yylex()) to obtain the next lexical token, and calling tt(d_scanner.YYText()) for the matched text, unless overruled by options or directives explicitly defining these functions. By default, the interface defined by bf(flexc++)(1) is used. This option is only interpreted if the tt(--scanner) option or tt(%scanner) directive is also used. it() loption(help) (soption(h))nl() Write basic usage information to the standard output stream and terminate. it() lsoption(implementation-header)(i)(filename)nl() tt(Filename) defines the name of the file to contain the implementation header. It defaults to the name of the generated parser class plus the suffix tt(.ih). The implementation header should contain all directives and declarations em(only) used by the implementations of the parser's member functions. It is the only header file that is included by the source file containing tt(parse)'s implementation. User defined implementation of other class members may use the same convention, thus concentrating all directives and declarations that are required for the compilation of other source files belonging to the parser class in one header file. it() lsoption(implementation-skeleton)(I)(pathname)nl() tt(Pathname) defines the path name to the file containing the skeleton of the implementation header. t defaults to the installation-defined default path name (e.g., tt(/usr/share/bisonc++/) plus tt(bisonc++.ih)). it() loption(insert-stype)nl() This option is only effective if the tt(debug) option (or tt(%debug) directive) has been specified. When tt(insert-stype) has been specified the parsing function's debug output also shows selected semantic values. It should only be used if objects or variables of the semantic value type tt(STYPE_) can be inserted into tt(ostreams). it() label(MAXDEPTH) laoption(max-inclusion-depth)(value)nl() Set the maximum number of nested grammar files. Defaults to 10. it() loption(namespace) tt(identifier) nl() Define all of the code generated by bic() in the namespace tt(identifier). By default no namespace is defined. If this options is used the implementation header is provided with a commented out tt(using namespace) declaration for the specified namespace. In addition, the parser and parser base class header files also use the specified namespace to define their include guard directives. It is an error if this option is used and an already existing parser-class header file and/or implementation header file does not define tt(namespace identifier). it() loption(no-baseclass-header)nl() Do not write the file containing the parser class' base class, even if that file doesn't yet exist. By default the file containing the parser's base class is (re)written each time bic() is called. Note that this option should normally be avoided, as the base class defines the symbolic terminal tokens that are returned by the lexical scanner. When the construction of this file is suppressed, modifications of these terminal tokens are not communicated to the lexical scanner. it() loption(no-decoration) (soption(D))nl() Do not include user-defined or default actions when generating the parser's tt(parse) member. This effectively generates a parser which merely performs syntax checks, without performing the actions which are normally executed when rules have been matched. This may be useful in situations where a (partially or completely) decorated grammar is reorganized, and the syntactic correctness of the modified grammar must be verified, or in situations where the grammar has already been decorated, but functions which are called from the rules's actions have not yet been impleemented. it() loption(no-lines)nl() Do not put tt(#line) preprocessor directives in the file containing the parser's tt(parse) function. By default the file containing the parser's tt(parse) function also contains tt(#line) preprocessor directives. This option allows the compiler and debuggers to associate errors with lines in your grammar specification file, rather than with the source file containing the tt(parse) function itself. it() loption(no-parse-member)nl() Do not write the file containing the parser's predefined parser member functions, even if that file doesn't yet exist. By default the file containing the parser's tt(parse) member function is (re)written each time bic() is called. Note that this option should normally be avoided, as this file contains parsing tables which are altered whenever the grammar definition is modified. it() loption(own-debug)nl() Displays the actions performed by bic()'s parser when it processes the grammar specification file(s) (lots of output!). This implies the tt(--verbose) option. it() loption(own-tokens) (soption(T))nl() The tokens returned as well as the text matched by bic()'s lexcial scanner are shown when this option is used. This option does em(not) result in the em(generated) parsing function displaying returned tokens and matched text. If that is what you want, use the tt(--print-tokens) option. it() lsoption(parsefun-skeleton)(P)(pathname)nl() tt(Pathname) defines the path name of the file containing the parsing member function's skeleton. It defaults to the installation-defined default path name (e.g., tt(/usr/share/bisonc++/) plus tt(bisonc++.cc)). it() lsoption(parsefun-source)(p)(filename)nl() tt(Filename) defines the name of the source file to contain the parser member function tt(parse). Defaults to tt(parse.cc). it() lsoption(polymorphic-code-skeleton)(L)(pathname)nl() tt(Pathname) defines the path name of the file containing the non-template members of the polymorphic Base class. It defaults to the installation-defined default path name (e.g., tt(/usr/share/bisonc++/) plus tt(bisonc++polymorphic.code)). it() lsoption(polymorphic-skeleton)(M)(pathame)nl() tt(Pathname) defines the path name of the file containing the skeleton of the polymorphic template classes. It defaults to the installation-defined default path name (e.g., tt(/usr/share/bisonc++/) plus tt(bisonc++polymorphic)). it() loption(print-tokens) (soption(t))nl() The generated parsing function implements a function tt(print_) displaying (on the standard output stream) the tokens returned by the parser's scanner as well as the corresponding matched text. This implementation is suppressed when the parsing function is generated without using this option. The member tt(print_) is called from tt(Parser::print), which is defined in-line in the the parser's class header. Calling tt(Parser::print_) can thus easily be controlled from tt(print), using, e.g., a variable that set by the program using the parser generated by bic(). This option does em(not) show the tokens returned and text matched by bic() itself when it is reading its input file(s). If that is what you want, use the tt(--own-tokens) option. it() loption(prompt)nl() When adding debugging code (using the tt(debug) option or directive) the debug information is displayed continuously while the parser processes its input. When using the tt(prompt) option (or directive) the generated parser displays a prompt (a question mark) at each step of the parsing process. Caveat: when using this option the parser's input cannot be provided at the parser's standard input stream. it() label(REQUIRED) laoption(required-tokens)(number)nl() Following a syntactic error, require at least tt(number) successfully processed tokens before another syntactic error can be reported. By default tt(number) is zero. it() label(SCANOPT) lsoption(scanner)(s)(pathname)nl() tt(Pathname) defines the path name to the file defining the scanner's class interface (e.g., tt("../scanner/scanner.h")). When this option is used the parser's member tt(int lex()) is predefined as verb( int Parser::lex() { return d_scanner.lex(); } ) and an object tt(Scanner d_scanner) is composed into the parser (but see also option tt(scanner-class-name)). The example shows the function that's called by default. When the tt(--flex) option (or tt(%flex) directive) is specified the function tt(d_scanner.yylex()) is called. Any other function to call can be specified using the tt(--scanner-token-function) option (or tt(%scanner-token-function) directive). By default bic() surrounds tt(pathname) by double quotes (using, e.g., tt(#include "pathname")). When tt(pathname) is surrounded by pointed brackets tt(#include ) is included. It is an error if this option is used and an already existing parser class header file does not include tt(`pathname'). it() loption(scanner-class-name) tt(scannerClassName) nl() Defines the name of the scanner class, declared by the tt(pathname) header file that is specified at the tt(scanner) option or directive. By default the class name tt(Scanner) is used. It is an error if this option is used and either the tt(scanner) option was not provided, or the parser class interface in an already existing parser class header file does not declare a scanner class tt(d_scanner) object. it() loption(scanner-debug)nl() Show de scanner's matched rules and returned tokens. This extensively displays the rules and tokens matched and returned by bic()'s scanner, instead of just showing the tokens and matched text which are received by bic(). If you want the latter, use the option tt(--own-tokens). it() laoption(scanner-matched-text-function)(function-call)nl() The scanner function returning the text that was matched at the last call of the scanner's token function. A complete function call expression should be provided (including a scanner object, if used). This option overrules the tt(d_scanner.matched()) call used by default when the tt(%scanner) directive is specified, and it overrules the tt(d_scanner.YYText()) call used when the tt(%flex) directive is provided. Example: verb( --scanner-matched-text-function "myScanner.matchedText()" ) it() laoption(scanner-token-function)(function-call)nl() The scanner function returning the next token, called from the parser's tt(lex) function. A complete function call expression should be provided (including a scanner object, if used). This option overrules the tt(d_scanner.lex()) call used by default when the tt(%scanner) directive is specified, and it overrules the tt(d_scanner.yylex()) call used when the tt(%flex) directive is provided. Example: verb( --scanner-token-function "myScanner.nextToken()" ) It is an error if this option is used and the scanner token function is not called from the code in an already existing implementation header. it() loption(show-filenames)nl() Writes the names of the generated files to the standard error stream. it() lsoption(skeleton-directory)(S)(directory)nl() Specifies the directory containing the skeleton files. In addition to specifying a common names for the skeleton files the locations of individual skeleton files can be specified using the options (tt(-B -C, -H, -I, -L) and tt(-M)). it() loption(stack-expansion)(size)nl() Defines the number of elements to be added to the generated parser's semantic value stack when it must be enlarged. By default 10 elements are added to the stack. This option/directive is interpreted only once, and only if tt(size) at least equals the default stack expansion size of 10. it() loption(tag-mismatches) tt(off|on)nl() When tt(on) is specified (which is the default), a warning is issued if no $$ assignment was detected in an action block, or if adding a default $$ = ... action was suppressed (cf. the tt(default-actions off) option or directive). it() laoption(target-directory)(pathname) nl() tt(Pathname) defines the directory where generated files should be written. By default this is the directory where bic() is called. it() loption(thread-safe)nl() Only used with polymorphic semantic values, and then only required when the parser is used in multiple threads: it ensures that each thread's polymorphic code only accesses its own parser's error counting variable. it() lsoption(token-class)(K)(classname)nl() tt(Classname) defines the name of the tt(Tokens) class that is defined when tt(token-path) (see below) is specified. If tt(token-path) isn't specified then this option is ignored. By default the class name tt(Tokens) is used. it() lsoption(token-namespace)(N)(namespace)nl() If tt(token-path) is specified (see below) then tt(namespace) defines the namespace of the tt(Tokens) class. By default no namespace is used. it() lsoption(token-path)(F)(pathname)nl() tt(Pathname) defines the path name of the file to contain the tt(struct Tokens) defining the enumeration tt(Tokens_) containing the symbolic tokens of the generated grammar. If this option is specified the tt(ParserBase) class is derived from it, thus making the tokens available to the generated parser class. The name of the tt(struct Tokens) can be altered using the tt(token-class) directive or option. By default (if tt(token_path) is not specified) the tokens are defined as the tt(enum Tokens_) in the tt(ParserBase) class. If tt(pathname) doesn't exist it is created by bic(). If the tt(pathname) file already exists it is rewritten at each new run of bic(). it() loption(usage)nl() Writes basic usage information to the standard output stream and terminates. it() loption(verbose) (soption(V))nl() Writes a file containing verbose descriptions of the parser states and what is done for each type of look-ahead token in that state. This file also describes all conflicts detected in the grammar, both those resolved by operator precedence and those that remain unresolved. It is not created by default, but if requested the information is written on tt(.output), where tt() is the grammar specification file passed to bic(). it() loption(version) (soption(v))nl() Displays bic()'s version number and terminates. ) bisonc++-6.09.01/documentation/manual/invoking/usage.yo0000664000175000017500000000065314700504612021712 0ustar frankfrankWhen b() is called without any arguments it generates the following usage information: COMMENT(The usage file should be removed by cleanup, in order to make sure that it is created using the latest bisonc++ version) TYPEOUT( If a message about a failing NOEXPANDINCLUDE is shown, create the file `usage' in documentation/manual/invoking containing the latest usage info ) verbinclude(usage.txt) bisonc++-6.09.01/element/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012013713 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/element/element.h0000664000175000017500000000266014700504612015516 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_ELEMENT_ #define _INCLUDED_ELEMENT_ #include #include // Placeholder in FirstSet for Symbols, to prevent circular class // dependencies // // Also defines basic display functionality: // Display-forms of symbols: // Symbol Type operator<< literal() value() // display() // ------------------------------------------------------------------ // Terminal (printable) 'x' 'x' 123 // (if so provided) // Terminal (nonprintable) '\xdd' '\xdd' 123 // (if so provided) // Terminal (Symbolic) `NAME' NAME 281 // NonTerm `name' name 12 // ------------------------------------------------------------------ // original // Terminal::insert inserts the symbol followed by (= value) class Element { friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, Element const *el); public: virtual ~Element(); size_t value() const; private: virtual size_t v_value() const = 0; virtual std::ostream &insert(std::ostream &out) const = 0; }; inline size_t Element::value() const { return v_value(); } inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, Element const *element) { return element->insert(out); } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/element/destructor.cc0000664000175000017500000000006014700504612016411 0ustar frankfrank#include "element.ih" Element::~Element() { } bisonc++-6.09.01/element/frame0000664000175000017500000000004514700504612014724 0ustar frankfrank#include "element.ih" Element:: { } bisonc++-6.09.01/element/element.ih0000664000175000017500000000010114700504612015653 0ustar frankfrank#include "element.h" #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/enumsolution/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612015020 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/enumsolution/enumsolution.h0000664000175000017500000000026514700504612017735 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_ENUMSOLUTION_ #define _INCLUDED_ENUMSOLUTION_ namespace Enum { enum Solution { UNDECIDED, SHIFT, REDUCE, }; } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/firstset/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012014125 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/firstset/oinsert.cc0000664000175000017500000000046214700504612016116 0ustar frankfrank#include "firstset.ih" ostream &FirstSet::insert(ostream &out) const { out << "{ "; // passing Element const * values copy(begin(), end(), ostream_iterator(out, " ")); if (d_epsilon) out << " "; out << "}"; return out; } bisonc++-6.09.01/firstset/firstset1.cc0000664000175000017500000000023014700504612016350 0ustar frankfrank#include "firstset.ih" FirstSet::FirstSet(Element const *terminal) : std::set(&terminal, &terminal + 1), d_epsilon(false) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/firstset/operatorplusis1.cc0000664000175000017500000000024014700504612017601 0ustar frankfrank#include "firstset.ih" FirstSet &FirstSet::operator+=(FirstSet const &other) { *this += other.set(); d_epsilon |= other.d_epsilon; return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/firstset/firstset.f0000664000175000017500000000133514700504612016136 0ustar frankfrank inline std::set const &FirstSet::set() const { return *this; } inline FirstSet::FirstSet(Element const **begin, Element const **end) : Baseclass(begin, end), d_epsilon(false) {} inline FirstSet::FirstSet() : d_epsilon(false) {} inline size_t FirstSet::setSize() const { return size() + d_epsilon; } inline void FirstSet::rmEpsilon() { d_epsilon = false; } inline void FirstSet::addEpsilon() { d_epsilon = true; } inline bool FirstSet::hasEpsilon() const { return d_epsilon; } inline bool FirstSet::empty() const { return !d_epsilon && Baseclass::empty(); } inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, FirstSet const &firstSet) { return firstSet.insert(out); } bisonc++-6.09.01/firstset/operatorplusis2.cc0000664000175000017500000000027314700504612017610 0ustar frankfrank#include "firstset.ih" FirstSet &FirstSet::operator+=(std::set const &terminalSet) { Baseclass::insert(terminalSet.begin(), terminalSet.end()); return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/firstset/firstset.ih0000664000175000017500000000022314700504612016304 0ustar frankfrank#include "firstset.h" #include #include #include #include #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/firstset/firstset.h0000664000175000017500000000233514700504612016141 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_FIRSTSET_ #define _INCLUDED_FIRSTSET_ #include #include #include "../element/element.h" class FirstSet: private std::set { using Inherit = std::set; friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, FirstSet const &fset); bool d_epsilon; // true if epsilon (the empty set indicator) // is in {First} protected: using Baseclass = std::set; FirstSet(Element const **begin, Element const **end); public: using Inherit::find; using Inherit::begin; using Inherit::end; using Inherit::size; FirstSet(); FirstSet(Element const *terminal); FirstSet &operator+=(FirstSet const &other); FirstSet &operator+=(std::set const &terminalSet); bool empty() const; bool hasEpsilon() const; bool operator==(FirstSet const &other) const; size_t setSize() const; void addEpsilon(); void rmEpsilon(); std::set const &set() const; private: std::ostream &insert(std::ostream &out) const; }; #include "firstset.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/firstset/frame0000664000175000017500000000005714700504612015141 0ustar frankfrank#include "firstset.ih" FirstSet::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012014250 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/generator/debuglookup.cc0000664000175000017500000000025514700504612017076 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::debugLookup(std::ostream &out) const { if (!d_genDebug) return; key(out); insert(out, 4, "debuglookup.in"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/polymorphicopassignimpl.cc0000664000175000017500000000173214700504612021552 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" namespace { char const endPolyTypeAssign[] = R"(inline SType &SType::operator=(EndPolyType_ const &value) { assign< Tag_::END_TAG_ >(value); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(EndPolyType_ &&tmp) { assign< Tag_::END_TAG_ >(std::move(tmp)); return *this; } )"; } void Generator::polymorphicOpAssignImpl(ostream &out) const { key(out); for (auto &poly: d_polymorphic) out << "inline SType &SType::operator=(" << poly.second << " const &value)\n" "{\n" " assign< Tag_::" << poly.first << " >(value);\n" " return *this;\n" "}\n" "inline SType &SType::operator=(" << poly.second << " &&tmp)\n" "{\n" " assign< Tag_::" << poly.first << " >(std::move(tmp));\n" " return *this;\n" "}\n"; out << endPolyTypeAssign; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/generator.ih0000664000175000017500000000304014700504612016552 0ustar frankfrank#include "../xerr/xerr.ih" #include "generator.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "../options/options.h" #include "../rules/rules.h" #include "../terminal/terminal.h" #include "../production/production.h" extern char version[]; struct Generator::At { char const *key; size_t size; std::string const &(Generator::*function)() const; At(char const *keyArg = "", std::string const &(Generator::*fun)() const = 0) : key(keyArg), size(strlen(keyArg)), function(fun) {} }; struct Generator::AtBool { char const *key; size_t size; void (Generator::*function)(bool &accept) const; AtBool(char const *keyArg = "", void (Generator::*fun)(bool &) const = 0) : key(keyArg), size(strlen(keyArg)), function(fun) {} }; template typename std::vector::const_iterator Generator::find( std::string const &line, size_t pos, std::vector const &atVector ) const { for ( auto iter = atVector.begin(), end = atVector.end(); iter != end; ++iter ) { if (line.find(iter->key, pos) == pos) return iter; } return atVector.end(); } #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace filesystem; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/parserbase.cc0000664000175000017500000000071114700504612016702 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::parserBase(ostream &out) const { key(out); out << "class " << d_options.className() << "Base"; if (d_options.useTokenPath()) { out << ": public "; if ( string const &ns = d_options.tokenNameSpace(); not ns.empty() and ns != d_options.nameSpace() ) out << ns << "::"; out << d_options.tokenClass(); } out.put('\n'); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/namespaceuse.cc0000664000175000017500000000064114700504612017226 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::namespaceUse(std::ostream &out) const { if (d_nameSpace.empty()) return; key(out); out << " // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use\n" " // symbols from the namespace " << d_nameSpace << " without specifying " << d_nameSpace << "::\n" "//using namespace " << d_nameSpace << ";\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/lex.cc0000664000175000017500000000027514700504612015350 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::lex(ostream &out) const { key(out); if (d_printTokens || not d_options.implementationHeader().empty()) insert(out, 0, "lex.in"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/insert.cc0000664000175000017500000000115314700504612016060 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::insert(ostream &out) const { istringstream istr(d_line); istr >> d_key >> d_indent; if (!istr) { d_indent = 0; istr.clear(); } istr >> d_key; // extract the insertion target getline(istr, d_line); // and store the remainder of the line MapConstIter iter = s_insert.find(d_key); if (iter != s_insert.end()) (this->*iter->second)(out); // calls the specified s_insert function else wmsg << "Ignoring unsupported `$insert " << d_key << " ...' in skeleton file" << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000650614700504612015474 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" Generator::Map Generator::s_insert = { {"LTYPE", &Generator::ltype}, {"LTYPEclear", &Generator::ltypeClear}, {"LTYPEdata", &Generator::ltypeData}, {"LTYPEpop", &Generator::ltypePop}, {"LTYPEpush", &Generator::ltypePush}, {"LTYPEresize", &Generator::ltypeResize}, {"LTYPEstack", &Generator::ltypeStack}, {"STYPE", &Generator::stype}, {"actioncases", &Generator::actionCases}, {"baseclass", &Generator::baseClass}, {"baseclasscode", &Generator::baseClassCode}, {"class.h", &Generator::classH}, {"class.ih", &Generator::classIH}, {"debug", &Generator::debug}, {"debugdecl", &Generator::debugDecl}, {"debugfunctions", &Generator::debugFunctions}, {"debugincludes", &Generator::debugIncludes}, {"debuglookup", &Generator::debugLookup}, {"errorverbose", &Generator::errorVerbose}, {"executeactioncases", &Generator::executeActionCases}, {"idoftag", &Generator::idOfTag}, {"lex", &Generator::lex}, {"namespace-close", &Generator::namespaceClose}, {"namespace-open", &Generator::namespaceOpen}, {"namespace-use", &Generator::namespaceUse}, {"notokens", &Generator::notokens}, {"parserbase", &Generator::parserBase}, {"polyincludes", &Generator::polyIncludes}, {"polymorphic", &Generator::polymorphic}, {"polymorphicCode", &Generator::polymorphicCode}, {"polymorphicOpAssignDecl", &Generator::polymorphicOpAssignDecl}, {"polymorphicOpAssignImpl", &Generator::polymorphicOpAssignImpl}, {"polymorphicSpecializations", &Generator::polymorphicSpecializations}, {"preincludes", &Generator::preIncludes}, {"print", &Generator::print}, {"prompt", &Generator::prompt}, {"scanner.h", &Generator::scannerH}, {"scannerobject", &Generator::scannerObject}, {"staticdata", &Generator::staticData}, {"tokens", &Generator::tokens}, {"undefparser", &Generator::undefparser}, {"warnTagMismatches", &Generator::warnTagMismatches}, }; vector Generator::s_atBol = { AtBool("@insert-stype", &Generator::ifInsertStype), AtBool("@printtokens", &Generator::ifPrintTokens), AtBool("@ltype", &Generator::ifLtype), AtBool("@else", &Generator::atElse), AtBool("@end", &Generator::atEnd), }; char const *Generator::s_atFlag = "\\@"; vector Generator::s_at = { At("\\@tokenfunction", &Generator::atTokenFunction), At("\\@matchedtextfunction", &Generator::atMatchedTextFunction), At("\\@ltype", &Generator::atLtype), At("\\@$", &Generator::atNameSpacedClassname), At("\\@", &Generator::atClassname), }; bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/prompt.cc0000664000175000017500000000102414700504612016072 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" namespace { char const *noPrompt = R"( if (d_debug_) s_out_ << '\n'; )"; char const *doPrompt = R"( if (d_debug_) { s_out_ << "\n================\n" "? " << dflush_; std::string s; getline(std::cin, s); } )"; } // anonymous namespace void Generator::prompt(ostream &out) const { key(out); if (d_genDebug) out << (d_options.prompt() ? doPrompt : noPrompt) << '\n'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/replacebaseflag.cc0000664000175000017500000000053414700504612017656 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::replaceBaseFlag(string &line) const { size_t pos = line.length(); while ((pos = line.rfind(s_atFlag, pos)) != string::npos) // found \@ { auto iter = find(line, pos, s_at); if (iter != s_at.end()) line.replace(pos, iter->size, (this->*iter->function)()); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/generator.h0000664000175000017500000001375414700504612016416 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_GENERATOR_ #define _INCLUDED_GENERATOR_ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "../writer/writer.h" class Terminal; class Rules; struct Options; class Generator { using Inserter = void (Generator::*)(std::ostream &) const; using Map = std::unordered_map; using MapValue = Map::value_type; using MapConstIter = Map::const_iterator; using StrStrMap = std::unordered_map; FBB::Arg &d_arg; mutable FBB::Stat d_stat; Rules const &d_rules; Options &d_options; std::string d_baseClassScope; std::string const &d_nameSpace; std::string const &d_matchedTextFunction; std::string const &d_tokenFunction; std::string d_nameSpacedClassname; mutable std::string d_key; // extracted at $insert statements mutable size_t d_indent; mutable std::string d_line; bool d_genDebug; bool d_printTokens; bool d_threadSafe; // polymorphic key -> C++ type StrStrMap d_polymorphic; // received in main from d_parser mutable Writer d_writer; // maintains its own const-ness static Map s_insert; static char const *s_atFlag; // \@ flag in skeletons struct At; using AtVector = std::vector; struct AtBool; using AtBoolVector = std::vector; static AtBoolVector s_atBol; // no typo: Bol = Begin of line static AtVector s_at; public: Generator(Rules const &rules, StrStrMap &&polymorphic); bool conflicts() const; void baseClassHeader() const; void classHeader() const; void implementationHeader() const; void parseFunction() const; private: static std::string filename(std::string const &path); void filter(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out, bool header = true) const; void insert(std::ostream &out) const; void key(std::ostream &out) const; // show which $insert is // called, just before the // generated code bool errExisting(std::string const &fileName, std::string const &option, std::string const ®ex) const; bool grep(std::string const &fileName, std::string const ®ex) const; std::ofstream tokenPath() const; void actionCases(std::ostream &out) const; void baseClass(std::ostream &out) const; void classH(std::ostream &out) const; void classIH(std::ostream &out) const; void debug(std::ostream &out) const; void debugIncludes(std::ostream &out) const; void debugFunctions(std::ostream &out) const; void debugDecl(std::ostream &out) const; void debugLookup(std::ostream &out) const; void defaultActionReturn(std::ostream &out) const; void errorVerbose(std::ostream &out) const; void executeActionCases(std::ostream &out) const; void idOfTag(std::ostream &out) const; void lex(std::ostream &out) const; void ltype(std::ostream &out) const; void ltypeData(std::ostream &out) const; void ltypeClear(std::ostream &out) const; void ltypePop(std::ostream &out) const; void ltypePush(std::ostream &out) const; void ltypeResize(std::ostream &out) const; void ltypeStack(std::ostream &out) const; void namespaceClose(std::ostream &out) const; void namespaceOpen(std::ostream &out) const; void namespaceUse(std::ostream &out) const; void notokens(std::ostream &out) const; void polymorphic(std::ostream &out) const; void parserBase(std::ostream &out) const; void polyIncludes(std::ostream &out) const; void polymorphicCode(std::ostream &out) const; void polymorphicSpecializations(std::ostream &out) const; void polymorphicOpAssignDecl(std::ostream &out) const; void polymorphicOpAssignImpl(std::ostream &out) const; void preIncludes(std::ostream &out) const; void print(std::ostream &out) const; void prompt(std::ostream &out) const; void baseClassCode(std::ostream &out) const; void scannerH(std::ostream &out) const; void scannerObject(std::ostream &out) const; void staticData(std::ostream &out) const; void stype(std::ostream &out) const; void tokens(std::ostream &out) const; void undefparser(std::ostream &out) const; void warnTagMismatches(std::ostream &out) const; void ifInsertStype(bool &accept) const; void ifPrintTokens(bool &accept) const; void ifLtype(bool &accept) const; void atElse(bool &accept) const; void atEnd(bool &accept) const; std::string const &atTokenFunction() const; std::string const &atMatchedTextFunction() const; std::string const &atLtype() const; std::string const &atNameSpacedClassname() const; std::string const &atClassname() const; void replaceBaseFlag(std::string &line) const; void replaceAtKey(std::string &line, size_t pos) const; static void selectSymbolic(Terminal const *terminal, Terminal::ConstVector &symbolicTokens); static void replace(std::string &str, char ch, std::string const &replacement); void insert(std::ostream &out, size_t indent, char const *skel) const; void bolAt(std::string &line, bool &accept) const; template typename std::vector::const_iterator find( std::string const &line, size_t pos, std::vector const &atVector ) const; }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/scannerh.cc0000664000175000017500000000035514771270634016374 0ustar frankfrank#define XERR "generator" #include "generator.ih" void Generator::scannerH(ostream &out) const { if (d_options.scannerInclude().empty()) return; key(out); out << "#include " << d_options.scannerInclude() << '\n'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/undefparser.cc0000664000175000017500000000026214700504612017072 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::undefparser(ostream &out) const { if (d_options.useTokenPath()) return; key(out); insert(out, 0, "undef.in"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/polymorphic.cc0000664000175000017500000000142114700504612017117 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::polymorphic(ostream &out) const { if (not d_options.polymorphic()) return; key(out); out << // Tags "enum " << (d_options.strongTags() ? "class " : "") << "Tag_\n" "{\n"; for (auto &poly: d_polymorphic) out << " " << poly.first << ",\n"; out << " END_TAG_\n" "};\n" "\n" "class EndPolyType_\n" "{};\n" "\n" "namespace Meta_\n" "{\n" "\n" "extern "; if (d_threadSafe) out << "thread_local "; out << "size_t const *t_nErrors;\n"; ifstream in; Exception::open(in, d_options.polymorphicSkeleton()); filter(in, out, false); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/tokens.cc0000664000175000017500000000212214700504612016054 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::tokens(ostream &out) const { Terminal::ConstVector tokens; for (auto terminal: d_rules.terminals()) selectSymbolic(terminal, tokens); key(out); if (!tokens.size()) { out << "// No symbolic tokens were defined\n"; return; } sort(tokens.begin(), tokens.end(), Terminal::compareValues); ofstream outTokens; if (not d_options.useTokenPath()) d_writer.useStream(out); else { outTokens = tokenPath(); d_writer.useStream(outTokens); } d_writer.insert(tokens); if (d_options.useTokenPath()) { string const &ns = d_options.tokenNameSpace(); // {, matching: outTokens << "};\n" << ( ns.empty() ? "" : "\n" // {, matching: "} // " + ns + '\n' ) << "\n" "#endif\n"; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/ifprinttokens.cc0000664000175000017500000000017414700504612017455 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::ifPrintTokens(bool &accept) const { accept = d_arg.option(0, "printtokens"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/namespaceclose.cc0000664000175000017500000000024414700504612017536 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::namespaceClose(std::ostream &out) const { if (d_nameSpace.empty()) return; key(out); out << "}\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/TODO0000664000175000017500000000006014700504612014731 0ustar frankfrank@else @ Replace unordered_map by linear_map bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/baseclass.cc0000664000175000017500000000024614700504612016516 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::baseClass(ostream &out) const { key(out); out << "#include \"" << filename(d_options.baseClassHeader()) << "\"\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/baseclasscode.cc0000664000175000017500000000042414700504612017347 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::baseClassCode(ostream &out) const { key(out); out << "d_requiredTokens_(" << d_options.requiredTokens() << ")\n" "{\n"; if (d_options.polymorphic()) out << " Meta_::t_nErrors = &d_nErrors_;\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/debugincludes.cc0000664000175000017500000000040014700504612017363 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::debugIncludes(ostream &out) const { bool verbose = d_arg.option(0, "error-verbose"); if (!d_genDebug && !verbose && !d_printTokens) return; key(out); insert(out, 0, "debugincludes.in"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/idoftag.cc0000664000175000017500000000056414700504612016176 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::idOfTag(ostream &out) const { key(out); if (d_options.tagMismatches().value == Options::ON) { out << "char const *idOfTag_[] = {\n"; for (auto const &poly: d_polymorphic) out << " \"" << poly.first << "\",\n"; out << " \"EndPolyType_\"\n" "};\n"; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/atend.cc0000664000175000017500000000013214700504612015643 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::atEnd(bool &accept) const { accept = true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/actioncases.cc0000664000175000017500000000110114700504612017041 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::actionCases(ostream &out) const { key(out); out << '\n'; if (d_arg.option('D')) // no decoration of the parse tree { out << setw(d_indent) << "" << "// inserting actioncases suppressed by option " "--no-decoration\n"; return; } vector const &productions = d_rules.productions(); for (auto prod: productions) Production::insertAction(prod, out, d_options.lines(), d_indent); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/ifltype.cc0000664000175000017500000000016514700504612016232 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::ifLtype(bool &accept) const { accept = not d_options.ltype().empty(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/ltypepop.cc0000664000175000017500000000030114700504612016422 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::ltypePop(ostream &out) const { if (!d_options.lspNeeded()) return; key(out); out << "d_lsp = &d_locationStack[d_stackIdx];\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/atnamespacedclassname.cc0000664000175000017500000000017314700504612021071 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" std::string const &Generator::atNameSpacedClassname() const { return d_nameSpacedClassname; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/baseclassheader.cc0000664000175000017500000000173514700504612017673 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" // The base class header contains some of the member functions hat are // inherited by the parser class itself. It also defines the tokens to be // returned by the lexical scanner. // Writing a base class header may be prevented by the --no-baseclass-header // option. Otherwise, it's rewritten each time bisonc++ is called to process a // grammar. Providing the --no-baseclass-header option should not be // necessary, as all additional functionality should be defined in the // parser's class header. void Generator::baseClassHeader() const { if ( d_arg.option(0, "no-baseclass-header") || ( d_arg.option(0, "dont-rewrite-baseclass-header") && d_stat.set(d_options.baseClassHeader()) ) ) return; ofstream out; ifstream in; Exception::open(in, d_options.baseClassSkeleton()); Exception::open(out, d_options.baseClassHeader()); filter(in, out); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/bolat.cc0000664000175000017500000000043514700504612015657 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::bolAt(string &line, bool &accept) const { auto iter = find(line, 0, s_atBol); if (iter != s_atBol.end()) (this->*iter->function)(accept); else wmsg << "Ignoring unsupported `" << line << "' in .in file" << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/debugfunctions.cc0000664000175000017500000000067514700504612017603 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::debugFunctions(std::ostream &out) const { bool verbose = d_arg.option(0, "error-verbose"); if (not d_genDebug && not verbose && not d_printTokens) return; key(out); if (d_genDebug) insert(out, 0, "debugfunctions1.in"); if (d_genDebug || d_printTokens) insert(out, 0, "debugfunctions2.in"); if (verbose) insert(out, 0, "debugfunctions3.in"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/ltypedata.cc0000664000175000017500000000026014700504612016541 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::ltypeData(ostream &out) const { if (!d_options.lspNeeded()) return; key(out); insert(out, 8, "ltypedata.in"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/ltyperesize.cc0000664000175000017500000000027714700504612017141 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::ltypeResize(ostream &out) const { if (!d_options.lspNeeded()) return; key(out); out << "d_locationStack.resize(newSize);\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/debug.cc0000664000175000017500000000064014700504612015642 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::debug(ostream &out) const { if (!d_genDebug) return; key(out); out << "if (d_debug_)\n" << setw(d_indent + 4) << "" << flush; if (*d_line.rbegin() != '+') out << "s_out_ << " << d_line << " << '\\n' << dflush_;\n"; else { d_line.resize(d_line.length() - 1); out << "s_out_ << " << d_line << ";\n"; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/errorverbose.cc0000664000175000017500000000027114700504612017273 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::errorVerbose(ostream &out) const { if (!d_arg.option(0, "error-verbose")) return; key(out); out << "errorVerbose_();\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/stype.cc0000664000175000017500000000032514700504612015720 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::stype(ostream &out) const { key(out); if (!d_options.stype().empty()) out << d_options.stype() << '\n'; else out << "using STYPE_ = int;\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/polymorphiccode.cc0000664000175000017500000000233114700504612017753 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::polymorphicCode(ostream &out) const { if (not d_options.polymorphic()) return; key(out); // static_assert(std::is_default_constructible::value, // "No default constructor for poly.first (poly.second)"); if (d_options.constructorChecks().value == Options::ON) { if (not d_options.polymorphic()) out << "static_assert(std::is_default_constructible\n" << " \"No default constructor for STYPE_\");\n"; else { for (auto &poly: d_polymorphic) out << "static_assert(std::is_default_constructible<" << poly.second << ">::value,\n" " \"No default constructor for " << poly.first << " (" << poly.second << ")\");\n" "\n"; } } ifstream in; Exception::open(in, d_options.polymorphicCodeSkeleton()); out << "namespace Meta_\n" "{\n" "\n"; if (d_threadSafe) out << "thread_local "; out << "size_t const *t_nErrors;\n"; filter(in, out, false); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/polymorphicopassigndecl.cc0000664000175000017500000000107714700504612021522 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::polymorphicOpAssignDecl(ostream &out) const { key(out); for (auto &poly: d_polymorphic) out << setw(8) << "" << "SType &operator=(" << poly.second << " const &value);\n" << setw(8) << "" << "SType &operator=(" << poly.second << " &&tmp);\n" "\n"; out << setw(8) << "" << "SType &operator=(EndPolyType_ const &value);\n" << setw(8) << "" << "SType &operator=(EndPolyType_ &&tmp);\n" "\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/staticdata.cc0000664000175000017500000000104514700504612016675 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::staticData(ostream &out) const { d_writer.useStream(out); key(out); out << R"( enum // size to expand the state-stack with when { // full STACK_EXPANSION_ = )" << d_options.stackExpansion() << R"( }; )"; d_writer.productions(); d_writer.srTables(); d_writer.statesArray(); if (d_genDebug || d_printTokens) d_writer.symbolicNames(); out << "} // anonymous namespace ends\n" "\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/insert2.cc0000664000175000017500000000102614700504612016141 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::insert(ostream &out, size_t indent, char const *skel) const { ifstream in; Exception::open(in, d_options.skeletonDirectory() + skel); Indent::setWidth(indent); string line; bool accept = true; while (getline(in, line)) { if (line.find('@') == 0) // @ immediately at BOL bolAt(line, accept); else if (accept) { replaceBaseFlag(line); out << FBB::indent << line << '\n'; } } } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/parsefunction.cc0000664000175000017500000000140614700504612017435 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" // The parser's parse() member defines the S/R parsing algorithm as well as // the parsing tables. // Writing the parse() member may be prevented by the --no-parse-member // option. Otherwise, it's rewritten each time bisonc++ is called to process a // grammar. Providing the --no-parse-member option should not be // necessary, as it contains the essential information about the // grammar. Calling bisonc++ with the --no-parse-member basically renders the // call useless. void Generator::parseFunction() const { if (d_arg.option(0, "no-parse-member")) return; ofstream out; ifstream in; Exception::open(in, d_options.parseSkeleton()); Exception::open(out, d_options.parseSource()); filter(in, out); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/classih.cc0000664000175000017500000000027214700504612016203 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::classIH(ostream &out) const { key(out); out << "#include \"" << filename(d_options.implementationHeader()) << "\"\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/generator1.cc0000664000175000017500000000124414700504612016624 0ustar frankfrank#define XERR #include "generator.ih" Generator::Generator(Rules const &rules, StrStrMap &&polymorphic) : d_arg(Arg::instance()), d_rules(rules), d_options(Options::instance()), d_baseClassScope(d_options.className() + "Base::"), d_nameSpace(d_options.nameSpace()), d_matchedTextFunction(d_options.scannerMatchedTextFunction()), d_tokenFunction(d_options.scannerTokenFunction()), d_nameSpacedClassname(d_nameSpace + d_options.className()), d_genDebug(d_options.genDebug()), d_printTokens(d_options.printTokens()), d_threadSafe(d_options.threadSafe()), d_polymorphic(move(polymorphic)), d_writer(d_baseClassScope, rules) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/implementationheader.cc0000664000175000017500000000143614700504612020756 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" // All members of the parser class should include the implementation header as // the only #included file. The implementation header should perform all // required preprocessor actions for the compilation of the Parser's class // members // The implementation header header is not rewritten by // bisonc++ once it's available void Generator::implementationHeader() const { string const &implementationHeader = d_options.implementationHeader(); if (d_stat.set(implementationHeader)) // do not overwrite an existing return; // implementation header ofstream out; ifstream in; Exception::open(in, d_options.implementationSkeleton()); Exception::open(out, implementationHeader); filter(in, out); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/debuginit.cc0000664000175000017500000000025014700504612016523 0ustar frankfrank//#include "generator.ih" // //void Generator::debugInit(ostream &out) const //{ //// key(out); //// out << "d_debug_(" << boolalpha << d_debug << "),\n"; //} bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/filename.cc0000664000175000017500000000032314700504612016332 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" string Generator::filename(std::string const &path) { size_t idx = path.rfind('/'); string ret(idx == string::npos ? path : path.substr(idx + 1)); return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/ltypestack.cc0000664000175000017500000000036614700504612016744 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::ltypeStack(ostream &out) const { if (!d_options.lspNeeded()) return; key(out); out << " std::vector d_locationStack;\n" " LTYPE_ *d_lsp;\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/atltype.cc0000664000175000017500000000015114700504612016233 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" std::string const &Generator::atLtype() const { return d_options.ltype(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/warntagmismatches.cc0000664000175000017500000000142414700504612020276 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" namespace { char const *iftag = R"( if (tag() != tg) { if (*t_nErrors != 0) const_cast(this)->assign(); else { std::cerr << "[Fatal] calling `.get(tg)] << ">()', but Tag " << idOfTag_[static_cast(tag())] << " is encountered. Try " "option --debug and call setDebug(Parser::ACTIONCASES)\n"; throw 1; // ABORTs } } )"; } // namespace void Generator::warnTagMismatches(ostream &out) const { if (d_options.tagMismatches().value != Options::ON) return; key(out); // idOfTag: defined by staticdata.cc out << iftag << '\n'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/tokenpath.cc0000664000175000017500000000161314771270643016566 0ustar frankfrank#define XERR "generator" #include "generator.ih" ofstream Generator::tokenPath() const { error_code ec; path tokenPath{ d_options.tokenPath() }; path parent = tokenPath.parent_path(); if (not parent.empty()) create_directories(parent, ec); if (ec.value() != 0) throw Exception{} << "cannot create path to `" << tokenPath.string() << '\''; ofstream ret = Exception::factory(d_options.tokenPath()); string stem = String::uc(tokenPath.stem().string()); ret << "#ifndef INCLUDED_" << stem << "_\n" "#define INCLUDED_" << stem << "_\n" "\n"; if (string const &ns = d_options.tokenNameSpace(); not ns.empty()) ret << "namespace " << ns << "\n" "{\n" "\n"; ret << "struct " << d_options.tokenClass() << "\n" "{"; return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/classh.cc0000664000175000017500000000023714700504612016033 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::classH(ostream &out) const { key(out); out << "#include \"" << filename(d_options.classHeader()) << "\"\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/key.cc0000664000175000017500000000026514700504612015347 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::key(ostream &out) const { out << setw(d_indent) << "" << "// $insert " << d_key << '\n' << setw(d_indent) << "" << flush; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/atelse.cc0000664000175000017500000000014114700504612016025 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::atElse(bool &accept) const { accept = not accept; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/replace.cc0000664000175000017500000000047514700504612016175 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::replace(string &str, char ch, string const &replacement) { size_t pos = 0; while (true) { pos = str.find(pos, ch); if (pos == string::npos) return; str.replace(pos, 1, replacement); pos += replacement.length(); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/grep.cc0000664000175000017500000000044514700504612015514 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" bool Generator::grep(string const &fileName, string const ®ex) const { ifstream in(fileName); Pattern pattern(regex); string line; while (getline(in, line)) { if (pattern << line) return true; } return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/namespaceopen.cc0000664000175000017500000000033314700504612017371 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::namespaceOpen(std::ostream &out) const { if (d_nameSpace.size()) { key(out); out << "namespace " << d_nameSpace << "\n" "{\n"; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/scannerobject.cc0000664000175000017500000000032714700504612017376 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::scannerObject(ostream &out) const { if (d_options.scannerInclude().empty()) return; key(out); out << d_options.scannerClassName() << " d_scanner;\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/errexisting.cc0000664000175000017500000000065714700504612017127 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" bool Generator::errExisting(string const &fileName, string const &option, string const &pattern) const { if (not d_options.specified(option)) return false; if (not grep(fileName, pattern)) { emsg << '`' << fileName << "' exists, option/directive `" << option << "' ignored" << endl; return true; } return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/notokens.cc0000664000175000017500000000071214700504612016414 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" namespace { char defineParserBase[] = R"( // hdr/tail // For convenience, when including ParserBase.h its symbols are available as // symbols in the class Parser. #define )"; } void Generator::notokens(std::ostream &out) const { if (d_options.useTokenPath()) return; string const &className = d_options.className(); out << defineParserBase << className << ' ' << className << "Base\n" "\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/filter.cc0000664000175000017500000000107614700504612016045 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" namespace { DateTime dtime(DateTime::LOCALTIME); } void Generator::filter(istream &in, ostream &out, bool header) const { Terminal::inserter(&Terminal::plainName); if (header) out << "// Generated by Bisonc++ V" << ::version << " on " << dtime.rfc2822() << '\n' << '\n'; while (getline(in, d_line)) { if (d_line.find("$insert") == 0) { insert(out); continue; } replaceBaseFlag(d_line); out << d_line << '\n'; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/conflicts.cc0000664000175000017500000000522114700504612016540 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" bool Generator::conflicts() const { bool ret = false; emsg.noLineNr(); emsg.setLineTag(""); string const &classHeader = d_options.classHeader(); if (d_stat.set(classHeader)) { // class-name must match ret = errExisting(classHeader, "class-name", "^class " + d_options.className() + "\\b") or ret; ret = errExisting(classHeader, "baseclass-header", "^#include \"" + d_options.baseclassHeaderName() + '"') or ret; // if a namespace was provided: it must be present if (not d_options.nameSpace().empty()) ret = errExisting(classHeader, "namespace", "^namespace " + d_options.nameSpace() + "\\b") or ret; if (d_options.specified("scanner")) { // the 'scanner' include spec. must be present ret = errExisting(classHeader, "scanner", "^#include " + d_options.scannerInclude()) or ret; // the 'scanner-class-name must be present if (d_options.specified("scanner-class-name")) ret = errExisting(classHeader, "scanner-class-name", "^[[:space:]]*" + d_options.scannerClassName() + " d_scanner;") or ret; } else if (d_options.specified("scanner-class-name")) wmsg << '`' << classHeader << "': option/directive `scanner-class-name' ignored: " " option `scanner' not specified" << endl; } string const &implementationHeader = d_options.implementationHeader(); if (d_stat.set(implementationHeader)) { ret = errExisting(implementationHeader, "class-header", "^#include \"" + d_options.classHeader() + '"') or ret; ret = errExisting(implementationHeader, "class-name", "\\b" + d_options.className() + "::") or ret; if (not d_options.nameSpace().empty()) ret = errExisting(implementationHeader, "namespace", "^namespace " + d_options.nameSpace() + "\\b") or ret; string pattern = "\\b" + d_options.scannerTokenFunction() + "\\b"; replace(pattern, '(', "\\("); replace(pattern, ')', "\\)"); ret = errExisting(implementationHeader, "scanner-token-function", pattern) or ret; } return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/attokenfunction.cc0000664000175000017500000000015714700504612017772 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" std::string const &Generator::atTokenFunction() const { return d_tokenFunction; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/executeactioncases.cc0000664000175000017500000000037614700504612020441 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::executeActionCases(ostream &out) const { if (!d_genDebug) return; key(out); out << R"( if (d_actionCases_) s_out_ << "executeAction case " << production << '\n' << dflush_; )"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/polymorphicspecializations.cc0000664000175000017500000000215014700504612022241 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::polymorphicSpecializations(ostream &out) const { key(out); out.put('\n'); if (d_options.tagMismatches().value == Options::ON) out << "extern char const *idOfTag_[];\n"; // cf. idoftag.cc for (auto &poly: d_polymorphic) { out << "template <>\n" "struct TagOf<" << poly.second << ">\n" "{\n" " static Tag_ const tag = Tag_::" << poly.first << ";\n" "};\n" "\n"; } out << "template <>\n" "struct TagOf\n" "{\n" " static Tag_ const tag = Tag_::END_TAG_;\n" "};\n" "\n"; for (auto &poly: d_polymorphic) { out << "template <>\n" "struct TypeOf\n" "{\n" " using type = " << poly.second << ";\n" "};\n" "\n"; } out << "template <>\n" "struct TypeOf\n" "{\n" " using type = EndPolyType_;\n" "};\n" "\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/atclassname.cc0000664000175000017500000000016114700504612017045 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" std::string const &Generator::atClassname() const { return d_options.className(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/ifinsertstype.cc0000664000175000017500000000017514700504612017467 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::ifInsertStype(bool &accept) const { accept = d_arg.option(0, "insert-stype"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/print.cc0000664000175000017500000000035214700504612015710 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::print(ostream &out) const { key(out); // Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_ is also used in writer/symbolicnames.cc if (d_printTokens) insert(out, 4, "print.in"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/ltypeclear.cc0000664000175000017500000000026614700504612016724 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::ltypeClear(ostream &out) const { if (!d_options.lspNeeded()) return; key(out); out << "d_locationStack.clear();\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/replaceatkey.cc0000664000175000017500000000043614700504612017230 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::replaceAtKey(string &line, size_t pos) const { for (auto &atKey: s_at) { if (line.find(atKey.key, pos) == pos) { line.replace(pos, atKey.size, (this->*atKey.function)()); return; } } } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/preincludes.cc0000664000175000017500000000077014700504612017075 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::preIncludes(std::ostream &out) const { bool preInclude = not d_options.preInclude().empty(); bool polymorphic = d_options.polymorphic(); bool tokenPath = d_options.useTokenPath(); if (not preInclude and not polymorphic and not tokenPath) return; key(out); if (preInclude) out << "#include " << d_options.preInclude() << '\n'; if (tokenPath) out << "#include \"" << d_options.tokenPath() << "\"\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/frame0000664000175000017500000000006114700504612015257 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" Generator::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/ltypepush.cc0000664000175000017500000000031614700504612016611 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::ltypePush(ostream &out) const { if (!d_options.lspNeeded()) return; key(out); out << "*(d_lsp = &d_locationStack[d_stackIdx]) = d_loc_;\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/debugdecl.cc0000664000175000017500000000027314700504612016474 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::debugDecl(std::ostream &out) const { if (!d_genDebug && !d_printTokens) return; key(out); insert(out, 8, "debugdecl.in"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/polyincludes.cc0000664000175000017500000000026514700504612017271 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::polyIncludes(ostream &out) const { if (not d_options.polymorphic()) return; key(out); out << "#include \n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/atmatchedtextfunction.cc0000664000175000017500000000017314700504612021162 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" std::string const &Generator::atMatchedTextFunction() const { return d_matchedTextFunction; } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/classheader.cc0000664000175000017500000000112214700504612017026 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" // New members and other facilites may be added to the parser's class header // after its initial generation. // A class header is not rewritten by bisonc++ once it's available void Generator::classHeader() const { string const &classHeader = d_options.classHeader(); if (d_stat.set(classHeader)) // do not overwrite an existing return; // class header file ofstream out; ifstream in; Exception::open(in, d_options.classSkeleton()); Exception::open(out, classHeader); filter(in, out); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/ltype.cc0000664000175000017500000000025314700504612015711 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::ltype(ostream &out) const { if (!d_options.lspNeeded()) return; key(out); insert(out, 4, "ltype.in"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/generator/selectsymbolic.cc0000664000175000017500000000064714700504612017604 0ustar frankfrank#include "generator.ih" void Generator::selectSymbolic(Terminal const *terminal, Terminal::ConstVector &symbolicTokens) { if ( ( terminal->isSymbolic() || (terminal->isUsed() && terminal->isUndetermined()) ) && terminal->value() > Rules::eofTerminal()->value() ) symbolicTokens.push_back(terminal); } bisonc++-6.09.01/grammar/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012013710 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/grammar/isderivable.cc0000664000175000017500000000122314700504612016503 0ustar frankfrank#include "grammar.ih" bool Grammar::isDerivable(Production const *prod) { return find_if( prod->begin(), prod->end(), [&](Symbol const *symbol) { // not removable if: return // currently testing d_inspecting.find(symbol) != d_inspecting.end() || // or a non-removable non-terminal ( symbol->isNonTerminal() && d_derivable.find(symbol) == d_derivable.end()); } ) == prod->end(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/grammar/becomesderivable.cc0000664000175000017500000000071214700504612017507 0ustar frankfrank#include "grammar.ih" bool Grammar::becomesDerivable(Production const *prod) { // get each nonterminal, underivable symbol // try to change it into a derivable symbol // return the success of this operation return find_if( prod->begin(), prod->end(), [&](Symbol const *symbol) { return not derivable(symbol); } ) == prod->end(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/grammar/grammar.h0000664000175000017500000000120614700504612015503 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_GRAMMAR_ #define _INCLUDED_GRAMMAR_ #include #include "../symbol/symbol.h" #include "../production/production.h" class Grammar { using SymbolSet = std::set; SymbolSet d_derivable; // used when testing whether the start // symbol derives any sentences SymbolSet d_inspecting; // (same, see derivable.cc) public: void deriveSentence(); private: bool derivable(Symbol const *symbol); bool isDerivable(Production const *prod); bool becomesDerivable(Production const *prod); }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/grammar/grammar.ih0000664000175000017500000000024314700504612015654 0ustar frankfrank#include "grammar.h" #include #include #include "../rules/rules.h" #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/grammar/derivesentence.cc0000664000175000017500000000060714700504612017222 0ustar frankfrank#include "grammar.ih" // Sentences are derived from the states following the Shift-Reduce algorithm // trying all alternative routes until the final state is somehow reached. void Grammar::deriveSentence() { if (!derivable(Rules::startSymbol())) fmsg << "Grammar's start symbol `" << Rules::startSymbol() << "' does not derive any sentence" << noid; } bisonc++-6.09.01/grammar/derivable.cc0000664000175000017500000000240014700504612016145 0ustar frankfrank#include "grammar.ih" bool Grammar::derivable(Symbol const *symbol) { if (d_inspecting.find(symbol) != d_inspecting.end()) return false; if ( symbol->isTerminal() || d_derivable.find(symbol) != d_derivable.end() // symbol is derivable ) return true; d_inspecting.insert(symbol); Production::Vector const &productions = // get all productions NonTerminal::downcast(symbol)->productions(); // of `symbol' // if there is already a derivable production // then `symbol' is derivable. bool ret = find_if( productions.begin(), productions.end(), [this](Production const *prod) { return isDerivable(prod); } ) != productions.end() || find_if( productions.begin(), productions.end(), [&](Production const *prod) { return becomesDerivable(prod); } ) != productions.end(); if (ret) d_derivable.insert(symbol); d_inspecting.erase(symbol); return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/grammar/frame0000664000175000017500000000005514700504612014722 0ustar frankfrank#include "grammar.ih" Grammar::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612014070 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/grammar.p2380000664000175000017500000000015014700504612016130 0ustar frankfrank%% S: 'a' A 'd' | 'b' B 'd' | 'a' B 'e' | 'b' A 'e' ; A: 'c' ; B: 'c' ; bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/expressions0000664000175000017500000000110414700504612016371 0ustar frankfrank%token NR IDENT %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' %right UMIN %% lines: lines line { cout << "lines line\n"; } | { cout << "lines \n"; } ; line: content '\n' { cout << "line\n"; } ; content: expr { cout << "content - expr\n"; } | error { cout << "content - error\n" } | { cout << "content - empty\n"; } ; expr: NR | IDENT | '(' expr ')' | '-' expr %prec UMIN | expr '+' expr | expr '-' expr | expr '*' expr | expr '/' expr ; bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/grammar4.200000664000175000017500000000012114700504612015737 0ustar frankfrank%token i %% S: L '=' R | R ; L: '*' R | i ; R: L ;bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/precedence0000664000175000017500000000030314700504612016104 0ustar frankfrank%token NR %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' %right UMIN %% expr: expr '+' expr | expr '-' expr | expr '*' expr | expr '/' expr | '(' expr ')' | NR | '-' expr %prec UMIN ; bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/input0000664000175000017500000000026614700504612015156 0ustar frankfrank%token NR %left '+' // %left '*' %% expr: expr '+' expr { $$ = $1 + $3; } //| // expr '*' expr // { // $$ = $1 * $3; // } | // {} NR ; bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/exprplus0000664000175000017500000000003014700504612015666 0ustar frankfrank%e 2 E: E-E E: -E E: n bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/ifelse0000664000175000017500000000006614700504612015264 0ustar frankfrank%token i e a %% S: i S e S | i S | a ; bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/grammar4.210000664000175000017500000000002114700504612015737 0ustar frankfrankS: CC C: cC C: d bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/small0000664000175000017500000000022314700504612015120 0ustar frankfrank%token NR IDENT %% lines: lines line | ; line: content '\n' ; content: expr | error | ; expr: NR | IDENT ; bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/grammar4.190000664000175000017500000000004414700504612015753 0ustar frankfrankE: E+T E: T T: T*F T: F F: (E) F: i bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/grammar0000664000175000017500000000022714700504612015442 0ustar frankfrank%scanner scanner/scanner.h %token i %% S: L '=' R | R { cout << "Hello world\n"; } ; L: '*' R | i ; R: L ; bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/conflict0000664000175000017500000000007714700504612015620 0ustar frankfrank%token i %% E: i | i | E '+' E | E '*' E ; bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/empty0000664000175000017500000000004414700504612015147 0ustar frankfrank%% S: S I | ; I: 'a' | ; bisonc++-6.09.01/grammars/grammar4.110000664000175000017500000000005514700504612015745 0ustar frankfrankE: TD D: +TD D: T: FS S: *FS S: F: (E) F: i bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612013510 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/destinstall0000664000175000017500000000072114700504612015761 0ustar frankfrankvoid destInstall(string dest, string base) { chdir(g_cwd + base); // go to the base directory // (e.g., install/b) // install the entries under the base directory to (= below) dest, // which could be / or /tmp/whatever/ // They are not yet logged: to log installed entries call // logInstalled(dest, section) run(g_cwd + "icmake/installer " + dest + "/ "); // install the files } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/setopt0000664000175000017500000000034114700504612014747 0ustar frankfrankstring setOpt(string install_im, string envvar) { list optvar; string ret; optvar = getenv(envvar); if (optvar[0] == "1") ret = optvar[1]; else ret = install_im; return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/installer0000775000175000017500000000050714700504612015435 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then echo destination path, ending in /, must be provided exit 0 fi for src in `find -mindepth 1 -type d` # create missing target dirs do [ ! -e $1$src ] && mkdir -p $1$src done for file in `find -type f -or -type l` do cp -d --preserve=timestamps $file $1$file done bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/manpage0000664000175000017500000000111714700504612015043 0ustar frankfrank#define MANPAGE "../../tmp/man/" #define MANHTML "../../tmp/manhtml/" void manpage() { md("tmp/man tmp/manhtml"); chdir("documentation/man"); run("yodl2man -o " MANPAGE "bisonc++.1 bisonc++.yo"); run("yodl2html -o " MANHTML "bisonc++man.html bisonc++.yo"); run("yodl2man -o " MANPAGE "bisonc++api.3 bisonc++api.yo"); run("yodl2html -o " MANHTML "bisonc++api.html bisonc++api.yo"); run("yodl2man -o " MANPAGE "bisonc++input.7 bisonc++input.yo"); run("yodl2html -o " MANHTML "bisonc++input.html bisonc++input.yo"); exit(0); } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/findall0000664000175000017500000000144614700504612015051 0ustar frankfrank// assuming we're in g_cwd, all entries of type 'type' matching source/pattern // are returned w/o final \n list findAll(string type, string source, string pattern) { string cmd; list entries; list ret; int idx; chdir(source); cmd = "find ./ -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type " + type; if (pattern != "") pattern = "-name '" + pattern + "'"; entries = backtick(cmd + " " + pattern + " -printf \"%f\\n\""); idx = listlen(entries); // get # entries, if (idx > 0 && strlen(entries[0]) > 0) // failure: idx = 0, none { // found: entries[0] is empty for (idx = listlen(entries); idx--; ) ret += (list)cutEoln(entries[idx]); } chdir(g_cwd); return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/log0000775000175000017500000000064714700504612014226 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash find tmp/install/$1 -type f -exec md5sum "{}" \; | sed 's|tmp/install/'$1'|'$2'|' >> $3 find tmp/install/$1 -type l -exec printf "link %s\n" "{}" \; | sed 's|tmp/install/'$1'|'$2'|' >> $3 find tmp/install/$1 -type d -exec printf "dir %s\n" "{}" \; | sed 's|tmp/install/'$1'|'$2'|' >> $3 bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/adddir0000664000175000017500000000112514700504612014661 0ustar frankfranklist addDir(list dir, string entry) { list ret; int idx; int keep = 1; string elem; for (idx = listlen(dir); idx--; ) { elem = dir[idx]; if (strfind(entry, elem) != -1) // entry contains dir, ignore dir ret += (list)entry; else if (strfind(elem, entry) != -1) // dir contains entry { ret += (list)elem; keep = 0; } else // new unique entry, keep dir[idx] ret += (list)elem; } if (keep) ret += (list)entry; return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/pathfile0000664000175000017500000000055214700504612015231 0ustar frankfranklist path_file(string path) { list ret; int len; int idx; for (len = strlen(path), idx = len; idx--; ) { if (path[idx] == "/") { ret = (list)substr(path, 0, idx) + (list)substr(path, idx + 1, len); return ret; } } ret = (list)"" + (list)path; return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/loginstalled0000664000175000017500000000060014700504612016110 0ustar frankfrankvoid logInstalled(string dest, string section) { if (g_logPath != "") { chdir(g_cwd); // The log-script is a bash script writing the log-info of // files, links and dirs to g_logpath // Files to install are under tmp/install/section. // backtick("icmake/log " + section + " " + dest + " " + g_logPath); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/clean0000664000175000017500000000113314700504612014513 0ustar frankfrankvoid clean(int dist) { run("rm -rf " "build-stamp configure-stamp " "options/SKEL " "tmp/*.o" + " o */o release.yo tmp/lib*.a " "parser/grammar.output " "spch main.ih.gch */*.ih.gch" ); if (dist) run("rm -rf tmp a */a" ); chdir("documentation"); run("rm -rf " "man/*.1 " "man/*.3* " "man/*.html " "manual/*.html " "manual/invoking/usage " "manual/invoking/usage.txt " "usage/usage " ); exit(0); } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/uninstall0000664000175000017500000000045614700504612015451 0ustar frankfrankvoid uninstall(string logfile) { int idx; list entry; string dir; list line; if (!exists(logfile)) { printf("installation log file " + logfile + " not found\n"); exit(0); } run("icmake/remove " + logfile + " " + (string)g_echo); exit(0); } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/cuteoln0000664000175000017500000000011314700504612015077 0ustar frankfrankstring cutEoln(string text) { return resize(text, strlen(text) - 1); } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/run0000664000175000017500000000015114700504612014234 0ustar frankfrankvoid run(string cmd) { if (g_echo == OFF) cmd += "> /dev/null 2>&1"; system(0, cmd); } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/logfiles0000664000175000017500000000034214700504612015236 0ustar frankfrankvoid logFiles(string source, string dest) { list files; int idx; echo(OFF); files = `"(chdir " + source + ";find ./ -type f)"`; for (idx = listlen(files); idx--; ) log(dest + "/" + files[idx]); } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/md0000664000175000017500000000074014700504612014034 0ustar frankfrank// md: target should be a series of blank-delimited directories to be created // If an element is a whildcard, the directory will always be created, // using mkdir -p. // // uses: run() void md(string target) { int idx; list paths; string dir; if (!exists(target)) run("mkdir -p " + target); else if (((int)stat(target)[0] & S_IFDIR) == 0) { printf(target + " exists, but is not a directory\n"); exit(1); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/gitlab0000664000175000017500000000023014700504612014670 0ustar frankfrankvoid gitlab() { run("cp -r release.yo tmp/manhtml/*.html tmp/manual " "../../wip"); run("cp changelog ../../wip/changelog.txt"); exit(0); } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/remove0000775000175000017500000000117014700504612014732 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash g_echo=$2 rm_f() { [ $g_echo -ne 0 ] && echo rm $1 rm -f $1 } rm_dir() { [ $g_echo -ne 0 ] && echo rmdir $1 rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty -p $1 } IFS=" " for line in `cat $1` do field1=`echo $line | awk '{printf $1}'` field2=`echo $line | awk '{printf $2}'` if [ $field1 == "link" ] ; then rm_f $field2 elif [ $field1 == "dir" ] ; then rm_dir $field2 elif [ -e "$field2" ] ; then if [ "$field1" != "`md5sum $field2 | awk '{printf $1}'`" ] ; then echo $field2 changed, not removed else rm_f $field2 fi fi done rm_f $1 bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/backtick0000664000175000017500000000016014700504612015203 0ustar frankfranklist backtick(string arg) { list ret; echo(OFF); ret = `arg`; echo(g_echo); return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/manual0000664000175000017500000000171514700504612014714 0ustar frankfrank#define HTMLDEST "../../tmp/manual" void manual() { list files; string file; string cwd; int idx; string compiler; compiler = setOpt(CXX, "CXX"); cwd = chdir("."); md("tmp/manual/demos"); md("tmp/manual/essence"); chdir("documentation"); if (!exists("usage/usage")) { chdir("usage"); run(compiler + " -o usage usage.cc"); run("./usage > ../manual/invoking/usage.txt"); chdir(".."); } chdir("manual"); if (!exists("../../LICENSE")) { if (!exists("../../../LICENSE")) run("cp ~/git/bisonc++/src/LICENSE ../../LICENSE"); else run("cp ../../../LICENSE ../../LICENSE"); } run("yodl2html -l3 bisonc++.yo"); run("rm -f ../../LICENSE"); run("mv *.html " HTMLDEST); run("cp -r grammar/poly " HTMLDEST); run("cp -r grammar/essence " HTMLDEST); run("cp -r demos/rpn " HTMLDEST "/demos"); exit(0); } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/install0000664000175000017500000001155314700504612015106 0ustar frankfrankint g_components; string testRequest(string request, string key, int value) { int idx = strfind(request, key); if (idx == -1) return request; int len = strlen(request); string ret; if (idx > 0) ret = substr(request, 0, idx); if (++idx < len) ret += substr(request, idx, len); g_components |= value; return ret; } void install(string request, string dest) { string target; list pathsplit; string base; base = "tmp/install/"; md(base); if (request == "x") { g_components = 63; request = ""; } else { request = testRequest(request, "a", 1); // additional info request = testRequest(request, "b", 2); // binary program request = testRequest(request, "d", 4); // std documentation request = testRequest(request, "m", 8); // man-pages request = testRequest(request, "s", 16); // skeleton files request = testRequest(request, "u", 32); // use guide } if (g_components == 0 || strlen(request) != 0) { printf("'build install selection ...': 'selection' must be x or " "chars. of [abdsmu]\n"); exit(1); } chdir(g_cwd); // determine the destination path if (dest == "") dest = "/"; else md(dest); dest = cutEoln(backtick("readlink -f " + dest)[0]); if (g_logPath != "") exec(P_NOCHECK, "rm -f " + g_logPath); if (g_components & 1) { printf("\n installing additional documentation\n"); target = base + "a/" ADD + "/bison-docs/"; printf(" installing original bison's docs below `", target + "'\n"); logRecursive("documentation/html", target); target = base + "a/" ADD + "/demos/"; printf(" installing examples below `", target + "'\n"); logRecursive("documentation/demos", target); logRecursive("documentation/man/calculator", target + "/calculator/"); printf(" installing regression tests below `", target + "'\n"); logRecursive("documentation/regression", target + "/regression/"); printf(" installing polymorphic semval demo at `", target + "poly/'\n"); logRecursive("tmp/manual/poly", target + "poly/"); printf(" installing polymorphic impl. demo at `", target + "/essence/'\n"); logRecursive("tmp/manual/essence", target + "/essence/"); destInstall(dest, base + "a"); logInstalled(dest, "a"); } if (g_components & 2) { target = base + "b/" BINARY; pathsplit = path_file(target); // copy srdir/src to destdir/dest, where destdir also contains // the topic-icentifier (e.g., b in tmp/install/b) logFile("tmp/bin", "binary", pathsplit[0], pathsplit[1]); destInstall(dest, base + "b"); logInstalled(dest, "b"); } if (g_components & (4 | 8)) { target = base + "d/" DOC "/"; if (g_components & 4) { printf(" installing the changelog at `", target, "\n"); logZip("", "changelog", target ); destInstall(dest, base + "d"); } if (g_components & 8) { printf(" installing the html-manual pages at `", target, "\n"); logInstall("tmp/manhtml", "", target); destInstall(dest, base + "d"); } logInstalled(dest, "d"); } if (g_components & 8) { target = base + "m/" MAN; printf(" installing the manual pages below `", target, "'\n"); target = base + "m/" MAN "/man1/"; logZip("tmp/man", "bisonc++.1", target); destInstall(dest, base + "m"); target = base + "m/" MAN "/man3/"; logZip("tmp/man", "bisonc++api.3", target); destInstall(dest, base + "m"); target = base + "m/" MAN "/man7/"; logZip("tmp/man", "bisonc++input.7", target); destInstall(dest, base + "m"); logInstalled(dest, "m"); } if (g_components & 16) { target = base + "s/" SKEL "/"; printf(" installing skeleton files at `" + target + "'\n"); logInstall("skeletons", "", target); destInstall(dest, base + "s"); logInstalled(dest, "s"); } if (g_components & 32) { target = base + "u/" UGUIDE "/"; printf(" installing the user-guide at `", target, "'\n"); logInstall("tmp/manual", "", target); printf(" installing rpn sources at `", target + "/demos/'\n"); logRecursive("tmp/manual/demos", target + "/demos/"); destInstall(dest, base + "u"); logInstalled(dest, "u"); } printf("\n Installation completed\n"); exit(0); } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/logfile0000664000175000017500000000045214700504612015055 0ustar frankfrankvoid logFile(string srcdir, string src, string destdir, string dest) { chdir(g_cwd); md(destdir); // copy srdir/src to destdir/dest, where destdir also contains the // topic-icentifier (e.g., b in tmp/install/b) run("cp " + srcdir + "/" + src + " " + destdir + "/" + dest); } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/loginstall0000664000175000017500000000156514700504612015612 0ustar frankfrank// source and dest, absolute or reachable from g_cwd, should exist. // files and links in source matching dest (if empty: all) are copied to dest // and are logged in g_log // Before they are logged, dest is created void logInstall(string src, string pattern, string dest) { list entries; int idx; chdir(g_cwd); md(dest); src += "/"; dest += "/"; if (listlen(makelist(O_DIR, src)) == 0) { printf("Warning: ", src, " not found: can't install ", src, pattern, " at ", dest, "\n"); return; } entries = findAll("f", src, pattern); for (idx = listlen(entries); idx--; ) run("cp " + src + entries[idx] + " " + dest); chdir(g_cwd); entries = findAll("l", src, pattern); for (idx = listlen(entries); idx--; ) run("cp " CPOPTS " " + src + entries[idx] + " " + dest); } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/logrecursive0000664000175000017500000000111114700504612016136 0ustar frankfrank// log recursively all files and directories in src as entries in dest // dest is created if necessary void logRecursive(string src, string dest) { list dirs; string next; int idx; chdir(g_cwd); if (!exists(src)) { printf("skipping unavailable directory `", src, "'\n"); return; } dirs = findAll("d", src, ""); // find all subdirs for (idx = listlen(dirs); idx--; ) // visit all subdirs { next = "/" + dirs[idx]; logRecursive(src + next, dest + next); } logInstall(src, "", dest); } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/special0000664000175000017500000000061014700504612015050 0ustar frankfrankvoid special() { if ("INSTALL.im" newer "options/SKEL") run("echo \"#define _Skel_ \\\"" SKEL + "\\\"\" > options/SKEL"); if (! exists("release.yo") || "VERSION" newer "release.yo") { system("touch version.cc"); run("gcc -E VERSION.h | grep -v '#' | sed 's/\\\"//g' > " "release.yo"); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmake/logzip0000664000175000017500000000165614700504612014747 0ustar frankfrank// names may be a series of files in src, not a wildcard. // if it's empty then all files in src are used. // the files are gzipped and logged in dest. // src and dest do not have to end in / void logZip(string src, string names, string dest) { list files; int idx; string file; chdir(g_cwd); md(dest); dest += "/"; if (src != "") { if (listlen(makelist(O_DIR, src)) == 0) { printf("Warning: ", src, " not found: can't install ", src, names, " at ", dest, "\n"); return; } chdir(src); } if (names == "") files = makelist("*"); else files = strtok(names, " "); for (idx = listlen(files); idx--; ) { file = files[idx]; run("gzip -n -9 < " + file + " > " + file + ".gz"); } run("tar cf - *.gz | (cd " + g_cwd + "; cd " + dest + "; tar xf -)"); run("rm *.gz"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/icmconf0000664000175000017500000000235714771271012013632 0ustar frankfrank#include "INSTALL.im" // Inspect the following #defines. Change them to taste. If you don't // need a particular option, change its value into an empty string // For more information about this file: 'man 7 icmconf' #define MULTICOMP "jobs -q" //#define SPCH "-u xerr/xerr.ih" #define MAIN "main.cc" #define REFRESH #define LIBRARY "modules" #define SHAREDREQ "" #define USE_ALL "a" #define SOURCES "*.cc" #define ADD_LIBRARIES "bobcat" #define ADD_LIBRARY_PATHS "" #define SCANNER_DIR "scanner" #define SCANGEN "flexc++" #define SCANFLAGS "" #define SCANSPEC "lexer" #define SCANOUT "lex.cc" #define PARSER_DIR "parser" #define PARSGEN "bisonc++" #define PARSFLAGS "-V" #define PARSSPEC "grammar" #define PARSFILES "inc/*" #define PARSOUT "parse.cc" #define USE_ECHO ON #define TMP_DIR "tmp" #define OBJ_EXT ".o" #define USE_VERSION #define COMPILER "" #define COMPILER_OPTIONS "" #define LINKER_OPTIONS "" #define IH ".ih" #define DEFCOM "program" bisonc++-6.09.01/INSTALL0000664000175000017500000001222214700504612013307 0ustar frankfrankTo Install bisonc++ by hand instead of using the binary distribution perform the following steps: 0. Bisonc++ and its construction depends, in addition to the normally standard available system software on specific software and versions which is documented in the file `required', in particular the Bobcat library. (If you compile the bobcat library yourself, note that bisonc++ does not use the SSL, Milter and Xpointer classes; they may --as far as bisonc++ is concerned-- be left out of the library) 1. To install bobcat icmake should be used, for which a top-level script (build) and support scripts in the ./icmake/ directory are available. Icmake is available on many architectures. 2. Inspect the values of the variables in the file INSTALL.im, in particular the #defines below COMPONENTS TO INSTALL. Modify these #defines when necessary. 3. Inspect the path to icmake at the top of the `build' script. By default it is /usr/bin/icmake, but some installations use /usr/local/bin/icmake Adapt when necessary. 4. Run ./build program [strip] to compile bisonc++. The argument `strip' is optional and strips symbolic information from the final executable. 5. If you installed Yodl then you can create the documentation: ./build man builds the man-pages, and ./build manual builds the manual. 6. Run (probably as root) ./build install 'LOG:path' 'what' 'base' to install components of Bisonc++. Here, 'LOG:path' is an optional item specifying the absolute or relative path of a log file to contain a log of all installed files (see also the next item). Using LOG:~/.bisoncpp usually works well. Do not put any blanks between LOG: and the path specification, or protect the LOG: specification by quotes. 'what' specifies what you want to install. Specify: x, to install all components, or specify a combination of: a (additional documentation), b (binary program), d (standard documentation), m (man-pages) s (skeleton files) u (user guide) E.g., use ./build install bs 'base' if you only want to be able to run bisonc++, and want it to be installed below 'base'. When requesting non-existing elements (e.g., ./build install x was requested, but the man-pages weren't constructed) then these non-existing elements are silently ignored by the installation process. 'base' is optional and specifies the base directory below which the requested files are installed. This base directory is prepended to the paths #defined in the INSTALL.im file. If 'base' is not specified, then INSTALL.im's #defined paths are used as-is. 7. Uninstalling previously installed components of Bisonc++ is easy if a log path (LOG:...) was specified at the `./build install ...' command. In that case, run the command ./build uninstall logpath where 'logpath' specifies the location of the logfile that was written by ./build install. Modified files and non-empty directories are not removed, but the logfile itself is removed following the uninstallation. 8. Following the installation nothing in the directory tree which contains this file (i.e., INSTALL) is required for the proper functioning of bisonc++, so consider removing it. If you only want to remove left-over files from the build-process, just run ./build distclean ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: the parser-class header file generated by bisonc++ before version 4.02.00 should have the prototypes of some of their private members modified. Simply replacing the `support functions for parse()' section shown at the end of the header file by the following lines should make your header file up-to-date again. Bisonc++ will not by itself rewrite the parser class headers to prevent undoing any modifications you may have implemented in parser-class header files: // support functions for parse(): void executeAction(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery(); int lookup(bool recovery); void nextToken(); void print_(); void exceptionHandler_(std::exception const &exc); The function print_) is defined by bisonc++, the default implementation of exceptionHandler_() can be added to the parser's internal header file: inline void Parser::exceptionHandler_(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // optionally re-implement to handle exceptions thrown // by actions } bisonc++-6.09.01/INSTALL.im0000664000175000017500000000434414700504612013721 0ustar frankfrank // The name of the program and the support directories as installed by // the 'build install' command. Normally there is no reason for changing // this #define #define PROGRAM "bisonc++" // The following /bin/cp option is used to keep, rather than follow // symbolic references. If your installation doesn't support these flags, // then change them into available ones. // -P, --no-dereference // never follow symbolic links in SOURCE // --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] // preserve the specified attributes (default: // mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible additional // attributes: context, links, all // -d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links #define CPOPTS "-d" // The CXX, CXXFLAGS, and LDFLAGS #defines are overruled by identically // named environment variables: #define CXX "g++" #define CXXFLAGS " -Wall -Werror -O2 -fdiagnostics-color=never" // "-Wunused-parameter -Werror" #define LDFLAGS "" // flags passed to the linker // COMPONENTS TO INSTALL // ===================== // For an operational non-Debian installation, you probably must be // `root'. // If necessary, adapt the #defines below to your situation. // The provided locations are used by Debian Linux. // With 'build install' you can dynamically specify a location to prepend // to the locations configured here, and select which components you want // to install // ONLY USE ABSOLUTE DIRECTORY NAMES: // the directory where additional documentation is stored #define ADD "/usr/share/doc/"${PROGRAM}"-doc" // the full pathname of the final program #define BINARY "/usr/bin/"${PROGRAM} // the directory where the standard documentation is stored #define DOC "/usr/share/doc/"${PROGRAM} // the directory below where the man pages are stored #define MAN "/usr/share/man" // the directory whre the user-guide is stored #define UGUIDE "/usr/share/doc/"${PROGRAM}"-doc/manual" // the directory where the skeleton files are installed // Recompile options/data.cc if the skeleton location changes #define SKEL "/usr/share/bisonc++" bisonc++-6.09.01/item/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012013220 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/item/item0.cc0000664000175000017500000000026714700504612014547 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" Item::Item() : d_production(0), d_dot(0) // In this item we haven't as yet seen any part of the // production rule. {} bisonc++-6.09.01/item/insert.cc0000664000175000017500000000073214700504612015032 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" ostream &Item::insert(ostream &out, Production const *prod) const { Terminal::inserter(&Terminal::plainName); NonTerminal::inserter(&NonTerminal::plainName); out << prod->lhs()->name() << " -> "; copy(prod->begin(), prod->begin() + dot(), ostream_iterator(out, " ")); out << " . "; copy(prod->begin() + dot(), prod->end(), ostream_iterator(out, " ")); return out; } bisonc++-6.09.01/item/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000014014700504612014430 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" ostream &(Item::*Item::s_insertPtr)(ostream &out) const = &Item::plainItem; bisonc++-6.09.01/item/firstbeyonddot.cc0000664000175000017500000000126614700504612016570 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" bool Item::firstBeyondDot(FirstSet *firstSet) const { // this MUST be dot < size for (size_t dot = d_dot + 1, size = productionSize(); dot < size; ++dot) { *firstSet += (*d_production)[dot].firstSet(); if (!firstSet->hasEpsilon()) // no more elements if no epsilon in return false; // the set, return `no epsilon' firstSet->rmEpsilon(); } // at this point we've seen all elements beyond dot, and the last one // contained epsilon, so more first-elements can be added, and we return // true. An empty set will also return true. return true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/item/item1.cc0000664000175000017500000000035514700504612014546 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" Item::Item(Production const *start) : d_production(start), d_dot(0) // In this item we haven't as yet seen any part of the // production rule. { d_production->used(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/item/item.ih0000664000175000017500000000033214700504612014473 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.h" #include #include #include #include #include "../firstset/firstset.h" #include "../nonterminal/nonterminal.h" #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/item/item2.cc0000664000175000017500000000016714700504612014550 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" Item::Item(Item const *item, size_t dot) : d_production(item->d_production), d_dot(dot) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/item/plainitem.cc0000664000175000017500000000032314700504612015504 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" ostream &Item::plainItem(ostream &out) const { Production const *prod = production(); if (!prod) return out; out << prod->nr() << ": "; return insert(out, prod); } bisonc++-6.09.01/item/pnrdotitem.cc0000664000175000017500000000036614700504612015716 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" std::ostream &Item::pNrDotItem(std::ostream &out) const { Production const *prod = production(); if (!prod) return out; out << "[P" << prod->nr() << " " << dot() << "] "; return insert(out, prod); } bisonc++-6.09.01/item/hasrightofdot.cc0000664000175000017500000000044514700504612016374 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" bool Item::hasRightOfDot(Symbol const &symbol) const { return d_dot < d_production->size() // dot position before the end && // and d_production->rhs(d_dot) == &symbol; // symbol is at the . position } bisonc++-6.09.01/item/item.f0000664000175000017500000000273114700504612014325 0ustar frankfrankinline Symbol const *Item::dotSymbol() const // symbol at the dot (must { // exist!) return &(*d_production)[d_dot]; } inline Symbol const *Item::dotSymbolOr0() const // symbol at the dot or 0 { // if dot at end of production return d_dot == d_production->size() ? 0 : dotSymbol(); } inline Symbol const *Item::symbolBeforeDot() const // symbol before the dot { return &(*d_production)[d_dot - 1]; } inline size_t Item::dot() const { return d_dot; } inline Item Item::incDot() const { return Item(this, d_dot + 1); } inline Production const *Item::production() const { return d_production; } inline Symbol const *Item::lhs() const { return d_production->lhs(); } inline bool Item::isReducible() const // if dot at end { return d_dot == productionSize(); } inline bool Item::empty() const // if no size { return productionSize() == 0; } inline size_t Item::productionSize() const { return d_production->size(); } inline void Item::inserter(std::ostream &(Item::*insertPtr) (std::ostream &out) const) { s_insertPtr = insertPtr; } inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, Item const &item) { return (item.*Item::s_insertPtr)(out); // Set by static void inserter(Item::*insertPtr) // to 'plainItem' or 'pNrDotItem' } bisonc++-6.09.01/item/beyonddotisnonterminal.cc0000664000175000017500000000041614700504612020317 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" Symbol const *Item::beyondDotIsNonTerminal() const { if (d_dot < d_production->size()) { Symbol const &symbol = (*d_production)[d_dot]; if (symbol.isNonTerminal()) return &symbol; } return 0; } bisonc++-6.09.01/item/transitsto.cc0000664000175000017500000000060314700504612015735 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" // return true if the current item is the predecessor of // the next item. So, their rules are identical, but // the current item's dot position is one lower than the // the next item's dot position. bool Item::transitsTo(Item const &next) const { return d_dot + 1 == next.d_dot && d_production == next.d_production; } bisonc++-6.09.01/item/item3.cc0000664000175000017500000000022614700504612014545 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" Item::Item(Production const *production, size_t dot) : d_production(production), d_dot(dot) { d_production->used(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/item/operatorequal.cc0000664000175000017500000000041114700504612016403 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" // `smaller' for the rule ptr means: pointing to an earlier // element in the rules-map. bool Item::operator==(Item const &other) const { return d_dot == other.d_dot && d_production == other.d_production; } bisonc++-6.09.01/item/frame0000664000175000017500000000003714700504612014232 0ustar frankfrank#include "item.ih" Item:: { } bisonc++-6.09.01/item/item.h0000664000175000017500000000646714700504612014341 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_ITEM_ #define _INCLUDED_ITEM_ #include #include "../production/production.h" #include "../lookaheadset/lookaheadset.h" // An Item represents a point in a production rule. The point is indicated by // its 'dot', which represents the position until where that particular // production rule has been recognized. class Item { friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, Item const &item); Production const *d_production; // Pointer to the production rule // associated with this item size_t d_dot; // The position in the production // rule until where the rule has // been recognized. Dot position 0 // is only found in the start-rule // and augmented grammar rule and // represents the position where // nothing has as yet been // recognized. static std::ostream &(Item::*s_insertPtr)(std::ostream &out) const; public: using Vector = std::vector; using ConstIter = std::vector::const_iterator; Item(); Item(Production const *start); // initial item, starts at the // start-production. Dot = 0, // Lookahead = EOF Item(Item const *item, size_t dot); Item(Production const *prod, size_t dot); //, LookaheadSet const &laSet); // see State::beforeDot() to read why this function is only called // when d_dot > 0 Symbol const *dotSymbol() const; // symbol at the dot (must Symbol const *dotSymbolOr0() const; // symbol at the dot or 0 Symbol const *symbolBeforeDot() const; // symbol before the dot Item incDot() const; // true: returned FirstSet // contained (now removed) // epsilon bool firstBeyondDot(FirstSet *firstSet) const; Production const *production() const; // *rhs() const Symbol const *lhs() const; bool empty() const; // if no size bool hasRightOfDot(Symbol const &symbol) const; bool operator==(Item const &other) const; bool isReducible() const; // if dot at end bool transitsTo(Item const &other) const; size_t dot() const; size_t productionSize() const; static void inserter(std::ostream &(Item::*insertPtr) (std::ostream &out) const); std::ostream &plainItem(std::ostream &out) const; std::ostream &pNrDotItem(std::ostream &out) const; Symbol const *beyondDotIsNonTerminal() const; // 0 if not, otherwise // the N terminal private: std::ostream &insert(std::ostream &out, Production const *prod) const; }; #include "item.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/iuo/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612013053 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/iuo/module.modulemap0000664000175000017500000000506014700504612016246 0ustar frankfrankmodule bisoncpp { module main { header "main.ih" export * } module atdollar { header "atdollar/atdollar.ih" export * } module block { header "block/block.ih" export * } module element { header "element/element.ih" export * } module firstset { header "firstset/firstset.ih" export * } module symbol { header "symbol/symbol.ih" export * } module terminal { header "terminal/terminal.ih" export * } module production { header "production/production.ih" export * } module nonterminal { header "nonterminal/nonterminal.ih" export * } module symtab { header "symtab/symtab.ih" export * } module rules { header "rules/rules.ih" export * } module grammar { header "grammar/grammar.ih" export * } module lookaheadset { header "lookaheadset/lookaheadset.ih" export * } module item { header "item/item.ih" export * } module rrdata { header "rrdata/rrdata.ih" export * } module rmreduction { header "rmreduction/rmreduction.ih" export * } module rmshift { header "rmshift/rmshift.ih" export * } module stateitem { header "stateitem/stateitem.ih" export * } module rrconflict { header "rrconflict/rrconflict.ih" export * } module statetype { header "statetype/statetype.ih" export * } module next { header "next/next.ih" export * } module srconflict { header "srconflict/srconflict.ih" export * } module state { header "state/state.ih" export * } module writer { header "writer/writer.ih" export * } module options { header "options/options.ih" export * } module scanner { header "scanner/scanner.ih" export * } module generator { header "generator/generator.ih" export * } module parser { header "parser/parser.ih" export * } } bisonc++-6.09.01/LICENSE0000644000175000017500000010451514773773574013321 0ustar frankfrank GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3, 29 June 2007 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works. The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others. For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights. Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it. For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of previous versions. Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users. Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. TERMS AND CONDITIONS 0. Definitions. "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License. "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks. "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. 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But first, please read . bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012014725 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/operatorsubis.cc0000664000175000017500000000064714700504612020141 0ustar frankfrank#include "lookaheadset.ih" LookaheadSet &LookaheadSet::operator-=(LookaheadSet const &other) { std::set difference; set_difference(begin(), end(), other.begin(), other.end(), inserter(difference, difference.begin())); *reinterpret_cast *>(this) = difference; if (other.d_EOF == e_withEOF) d_EOF = e_withoutEOF; return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/operatorgreaterequal.cc0000664000175000017500000000056214700504612021471 0ustar frankfrank#include "lookaheadset.ih" // Return true if all elements in `other' are already in *this bool LookaheadSet::operator>=(LookaheadSet const &other) const { return (hasEpsilon() || !other.hasEpsilon()) && (d_EOF == e_withEOF || other.d_EOF == e_withoutEOF) && includes(begin(), end(), other.begin(), other.end()); } bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/lookaheadset.f0000664000175000017500000000133714700504612017540 0ustar frankfrank inline LookaheadSet::LookaheadSet(Element const **begin, Element const **end) : FirstSet(begin, end) {} inline FirstSet &LookaheadSet::firstSet() { return *this; } inline bool LookaheadSet::operator>=(Symbol const *symbol) const { return find(symbol) != end(); } inline bool LookaheadSet::operator<(LookaheadSet const &other) const { return not (*this >= other); } inline bool LookaheadSet::hasEOF() const { return d_EOF == e_withEOF; } inline void LookaheadSet::rmEOF() { d_EOF = e_withoutEOF; } inline bool LookaheadSet::empty() const { return d_EOF == e_withoutEOF && FirstSet::empty(); } inline size_t LookaheadSet::fullSize() const { return size() + (d_EOF == e_withEOF); } bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/insert.cc0000664000175000017500000000040314700504612016532 0ustar frankfrank#include "lookaheadset.ih" ostream &LookaheadSet::insert(ostream &out) const { out << "{ "; copy(begin(), end(), ostream_iterator(out, " ")); if (d_EOF == e_withEOF) out << " "; out << "}"; return out; } bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/operatorsubis2.cc0000664000175000017500000000037314700504612020217 0ustar frankfrank#include "lookaheadset.ih" LookaheadSet &LookaheadSet::operator-=(Symbol const *symbol) { if (symbol == Rules::eofTerminal()) d_EOF = e_withoutEOF; else reinterpret_cast(this)->erase(symbol); return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/operatorplusis2.cc0000664000175000017500000000025014700504612020403 0ustar frankfrank#include "lookaheadset.ih" LookaheadSet &LookaheadSet::operator+=(FirstSet const &firstSet) { *reinterpret_cast(this) += firstSet; return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/lookaheadset2.cc0000664000175000017500000000020614700504612017754 0ustar frankfrank#include "lookaheadset.ih" LookaheadSet::LookaheadSet(FirstSet const &firstSet) : FirstSet(firstSet), d_EOF(e_withoutEOF) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/intersection.cc0000664000175000017500000000102514700504612017735 0ustar frankfrank#include "lookaheadset.ih" LookaheadSet LookaheadSet::intersection(LookaheadSet const &other) const { Element const *setResult[max(size(), other.size())]; LookaheadSet ret( setResult, set_intersection ( begin(), end(), other.begin(), other.end(), setResult ) ); ret.d_EOF = hasEOF() && other.hasEOF() ? e_withEOF : e_withoutEOF; return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/lookaheadset.ih0000664000175000017500000000021514700504612017705 0ustar frankfrank#include "lookaheadset.h" #include #include #include "../rules/rules.h" #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/operatorplusis.cc0000664000175000017500000000034514700504612020326 0ustar frankfrank#include "lookaheadset.ih" LookaheadSet &LookaheadSet::operator+=(LookaheadSet const &other) { *reinterpret_cast(this) += other; if (other.d_EOF == e_withEOF) d_EOF = e_withEOF; return *this; } bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/operatorinsert.cc0000664000175000017500000000021114700504612020303 0ustar frankfrank#include "lookaheadset.ih" ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, LookaheadSet const &lookaheadSet) { return lookaheadSet.insert(out); } bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/lookaheadset3.cc0000664000175000017500000000020314700504612017752 0ustar frankfrank#include "lookaheadset.ih" LookaheadSet::LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet const &other) : FirstSet(other), d_EOF(other.d_EOF) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/lookaheadset.h0000664000175000017500000000363714700504612017547 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_LOOKAHEADSET_ #define _INCLUDED_LOOKAHEADSET_ #include "../firstset/firstset.h" #include "../terminal/terminal.h" class LookaheadSet: private FirstSet { // 'Elements const ptrs' are known to be 'Terminal const ptrs' public: using FirstSet::begin; // members from FirstSet made using FirstSet::end; // available for LookaheadSet enum EndStatus { e_withoutEOF, e_withEOF, }; private: EndStatus d_EOF; // end-marker in the lookahead set public: FirstSet &firstSet(); LookaheadSet(EndStatus eof = e_withoutEOF); LookaheadSet(FirstSet const &firstSet); LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet const &other); LookaheadSet &operator-=(LookaheadSet const &other); LookaheadSet &operator+=(LookaheadSet const &other); LookaheadSet &operator+=(FirstSet const &other); LookaheadSet &operator-=(Symbol const *symbol); // true if *this contains other, // i.e., true if other has NO elements not already // present in the current LookaheadSet bool operator>=(LookaheadSet const &other) const; // true if `symbol' is found in *this bool operator>=(Symbol const *symbol) const; bool operator<(LookaheadSet const &other) const; bool operator==(LookaheadSet const &other) const; std::ostream &insert(std::ostream &out) const; LookaheadSet intersection(LookaheadSet const &other) const; bool hasEOF() const; void rmEOF(); bool empty() const; size_t fullSize() const; private: LookaheadSet(Element const **begin, Element const **end); }; #include "lookaheadset.f" std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, LookaheadSet const &LookaheadSet); #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/lookaheadset/lookaheadset1.cc0000664000175000017500000000013314700504612017752 0ustar frankfrank#include "lookaheadset.ih" LookaheadSet::LookaheadSet(EndStatus eof) : d_EOF(eof) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/main.cc0000664000175000017500000001430614700504612013516 0ustar frankfrank/* bisonc++.cc */ #include "main.ih" using namespace std; using namespace FBB; namespace { Arg::LongOption longOptions[] = { Arg::LongOption{"analyze-only", 'A'}, Arg::LongOption{"baseclass-header", 'b'}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"baseclass-preinclude", 'H'}, // also directive {"baseclass-skeleton", 'B'}, Arg::LongOption{"class-header", 'c'}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"class-name", Arg::Required}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"class-skeleton", 'C'}, Arg::LongOption{"construction"}, // implies verbose, but also shows // FIRST and FOLLOW sets as well as // the full set of states, including // the non-kernel items Arg::LongOption{"debug"}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"default-actions", 'd'}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"error-verbose"}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"filenames", 'f'}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"flex"}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"help", 'h'}, Arg::LongOption{"implementation-header", 'i'}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"implementation-skeleton", 'I'}, Arg::LongOption{"insert-stype"}, Arg::LongOption{"max-inclusion-depth", Arg::Required}, Arg::LongOption{"namespace", 'n'}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"no-baseclass-header"}, Arg::LongOption{"no-decoration", 'D'}, Arg::LongOption{"no-lines"}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"no-parse-member"}, Arg::LongOption{"own-debug"}, Arg::LongOption{"own-tokens", 'T'}, Arg::LongOption{"parsefun-skeleton", 'P'}, Arg::LongOption{"parsefun-source", 'p'}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"polymorphic-code-skeleton", 'L'}, Arg::LongOption{"polymorphic-skeleton", 'M'}, Arg::LongOption{"print-tokens", 't'}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"prompt"}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"required-tokens", Arg::Required}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"scanner", 's'}, // also directive // also directive Arg::LongOption{"scanner-class-name", Arg::Required}, Arg::LongOption{"scanner-debug"}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"scanner-matched-text-function", Arg::Required}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"scanner-token-function", Arg::Required}, Arg::LongOption{"show-filenames"}, Arg::LongOption{"skeleton-directory", 'S'}, Arg::LongOption{"stack-expansion", Arg::Required}, Arg::LongOption{"tag-mismatches", Arg::Required}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"target-directory", Arg::Required}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"thread-safe"}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"token-path", 'F'}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"token-class", 'K'}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"token-namespace", 'N'}, // also directive Arg::LongOption{"usage", 'h'}, Arg::LongOption{"verbose", 'V'}, // shows rules, tokens, final states and kernel // items, and describes conflicts when found Arg::LongOption{"version", 'v'}, }; auto longEnd = longOptions + sizeof(longOptions) / sizeof(Arg::LongOption); } int main(int argc, char **argv) try { Arg &arg = Arg::initialize( "AB:b:C:c:d:DF:f:H:hI:i:K:L:M:n:N:p:P:Qs:S:tTVv", longOptions, longEnd, argc, argv); arg.versionHelp(usage, version, 1); Rules rules; Parser parser(rules); // parser.setDebug(Parser::ACTIONCASES | Parser::ON); int ret = parser.parse(); // parses the input, fills the data in the // Rules read the grammar file, build required // data structures. if (arg.option('Q')) { cout << "parsing returns " << ret << '\n'; return 0; } parser.cleanup(); // do cleanup actions following parse() // (terminate if parsing produced errors) rules.updatePrecedences(); // update production rule precedences rules.showRules(); rules.showTerminals(); rules.determineFirst(); rules.showFirst(); // define the startproduction Production::setStart(rules.startProduction()); State::define(rules); // define all states rules.assignNonTerminalNumbers(); rules.showUnusedTerminals(); rules.showUnusedNonTerminals(); rules.showUnusedRules(); State::allStates(); Grammar grammar; grammar.deriveSentence(); if (emsg.count()) return 1; if (arg.option('A')) // Analyze only return 0; Generator generator(rules, parser.releasePolymorphic()); if (generator.conflicts()) return 1; generator.baseClassHeader(); generator.classHeader(); generator.implementationHeader(); generator.parseFunction(); } catch(exception const &err) { cerr << err.what() << '\n'; return 1; } catch(int x) { return Arg::instance().option("hv") ? 0 : x; } bisonc++-6.09.01/main.ih0000664000175000017500000000070414700504612013526 0ustar frankfrank#include #include #include #include #include "rules/rules.h" #include "parser/parser.h" #include "state/state.h" #include "srconflict/srconflict.h" #include "rrconflict/rrconflict.h" #include "grammar/grammar.h" #include "generator/generator.h" extern char version[]; extern char year[]; void usage(std::string const &program_name); #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/next/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012013240 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/next/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000014114700504612014451 0ustar frankfrank#include "next.ih" ostream &(Next::*Next::s_insertPtr)(ostream &out) const = &Next::transition; bisonc++-6.09.01/next/next2.cc0000664000175000017500000000036314700504612014606 0ustar frankfrank#include "next.ih" Next::Next(Symbol const *symbol, size_t stateItemOffset) : d_symbol(symbol), d_removed(symbol), d_forced(false), d_next(string::npos), d_kernel(1, stateItemOffset), d_stateType(StateType::NORMAL) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/next/checkremoved.cc0000664000175000017500000000060514700504612016204 0ustar frankfrank#include "next.ih" void Next::checkRemoved(ostream &out) const { if (d_symbol != 0) out << ": "; else // symbols may be removed by the SRConflict { // resolution process. if (d_forced) out << " (AUTO REMOVED by S/R resolution): "; else out << " (removed by precedence): "; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/next/next1.cc0000664000175000017500000000023314700504612014601 0ustar frankfrank#include "next.ih" Next::Next() : d_symbol(0), d_removed(0), d_forced(false), d_next(string::npos), d_stateType(StateType::NORMAL) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/next/addtokernel.cc0000664000175000017500000000070614700504612016043 0ustar frankfrank#include "next.ih" size_t Next::addToKernel(Next::Vector &next, Symbol const *symbol, size_t stateItemOffset) { Iterator it = find_if( next.begin(), next.end(), [&](Next const &next) { return next.d_symbol == symbol; } ); it->d_kernel.push_back(stateItemOffset); return it - next.begin(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/next/removeshift.cc0000664000175000017500000000072314700504612016101 0ustar frankfrank#include "next.ih" void Next::removeShift(RmShift const &rmShift, Vector &nextVector, size_t *nRemoved) { Next &next = nextVector[rmShift.idx()]; if (next.d_symbol) // removeShift may be called multiple times. { // This prevents d_removed from being overwritten next.d_removed = next.d_symbol; next.d_forced = rmShift.forced(); next.d_symbol = 0; ++*nRemoved; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/next/solvebyprecedence.cc0000664000175000017500000000072714700504612017253 0ustar frankfrank#include "next.ih" Next::Solution Next::solveByPrecedence(Symbol const *productionSymbol) const { switch (Terminal::comparePrecedence(d_symbol, productionSymbol)) { default: // EQUAL: return Solution::UNDECIDED; case Terminal::SMALLER: // shift precedence < prod. prec. return Solution::REDUCE; case Terminal::LARGER: // shift precedence > prod. prec. return Solution::SHIFT; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/next/buildkernel.cc0000664000175000017500000000037614700504612016052 0ustar frankfrank#include "next.ih" void Next::buildKernel(Item::Vector *kernel, StateItem::Vector const &stateItem) { for (size_t idx = 0; idx < d_kernel.size(); ++idx) kernel->push_back(stateItem[d_kernel[idx]].item().incDot()); } bisonc++-6.09.01/next/solvebyassociation.cc0000664000175000017500000000067114700504612017470 0ustar frankfrank#include "next.ih" Next::Solution Next::solveByAssociation() const { switch (Terminal::downcast(d_symbol)->association()) { default: return Solution::UNDECIDED; case Terminal::NONASSOC: // left or nonassoc: reduce first case Terminal::LEFT: return Solution::REDUCE; case Terminal::RIGHT: // right assoc.: shift first return Solution::SHIFT; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/next/next.h0000664000175000017500000000651114700504612014367 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_NEXT_ #define _INCLUDED_NEXT_ #include #include #include #include "../enumsolution/enumsolution.h" #include "../statetype/statetype.h" #include "../symbol/symbol.h" #include "../item/item.h" #include "../stateitem/stateitem.h" // The state to transit to on a given terminal symbol. Refer to // README.states-and-conflicts for a more detailed description of the class // Next. class Next { public: using Solution = Enum::Solution; using Vector = std::vector; using Iterator = Vector::iterator; using ConstIter = Vector::const_iterator; private: friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, Next const &next); Symbol const *d_symbol; // on this symbol we transit to state // d_next. Symbol const *d_removed; // if d_symbol == 0 and d_removed // isn't then this transition has been // removed, and d_removed holds the // original d_symbol value bool d_forced; // forced removal of shift transition // due to undefined precedence of a // production rule size_t d_next; // the index of the state to transit // to on d_symbol. std::vector d_kernel; // d_kernel[idx] contains the index of // an item in the `parent' state // (i.e., the state transiting to // state d_next on d_symbol) to // d_next's (kernel) item idx. So, the // number of kernel items in state // d_next is equal to d_kernel.size(). StateType d_stateType; // the type of the state static std::ostream &(Next::*s_insertPtr)(std::ostream &out) const; public: Next(); Next(Symbol const *symbol, size_t stateItemOffset); Solution solveByAssociation() const; Solution solveByPrecedence(Symbol const *productionSymbol) const; Symbol const *symbol() const; size_t next() const; std::vector const &kernel() const; void buildKernel(Item::Vector *kernel, StateItem::Vector const &stateItem); void setNext(size_t next); std::ostream &transition(std::ostream &out) const; std::ostream &transitionKernel(std::ostream &out) const; void checkRemoved(std::ostream &out) const; Symbol const *pSymbol() const; static size_t addToKernel(Vector &next, Symbol const *symbol, size_t stateItemOffset); bool hasSymbol(Symbol const *symbol) const; bool inLAset(LookaheadSet const &laSet) const; static void removeShift(RmShift const &rmShift, Vector &nextVector, size_t *nRemoved); static void inserter(std::ostream &(Next::*insertPtr) (std::ostream &out) const); }; #include "next.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/next/transitionkernel.cc0000664000175000017500000000111714700504612017137 0ustar frankfrank#include "next.ih" ostream &Next::transitionKernel(ostream &out) const { checkRemoved(out); Terminal::inserter(&Terminal::plainName); NonTerminal::inserter(&NonTerminal::plainName); // out << "On " << pSymbol() << " to state " << out << " On "; Symbol const *ps = pSymbol(); if (ps) out << ps; else out << "????"; out << " to state " << d_next << " with ("; // static_cast(d_next) << " with ("; copy(d_kernel.begin(), d_kernel.end(), ostream_iterator(out, " ")); return out << ")"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/next/next.ih0000664000175000017500000000024514700504612014536 0ustar frankfrank#include "next.h" #include #include #include #include "../nonterminal/nonterminal.h" #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/next/next.f0000664000175000017500000000163614700504612014370 0ustar frankfrankinline std::vector const &Next::kernel() const { return d_kernel; } inline Symbol const *Next::symbol() const { return d_symbol; } inline bool Next::hasSymbol(Symbol const *symbol) const { return d_symbol == symbol; } inline Symbol const *Next::pSymbol() const { return d_symbol ? d_symbol : d_removed; } inline size_t Next::next() const { return d_next; } inline void Next::setNext(size_t next) { d_next = next; } inline bool Next::inLAset(LookaheadSet const &laSet) const { return laSet >= d_symbol; } inline void Next::inserter(std::ostream &(Next::*insertPtr) (std::ostream &out) const) { s_insertPtr = insertPtr; } inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, Next const &next) { return (next.*Next::s_insertPtr)(out); // Set by static void inserter(Next::*insertPtr) // to 'transition' or 'transitionKernel' } bisonc++-6.09.01/next/frame0000664000175000017500000000003714700504612014252 0ustar frankfrank#include "next.ih" Next:: { } bisonc++-6.09.01/next/transition.cc0000664000175000017500000000166114700504612015742 0ustar frankfrank#include "next.ih" // ----------------------------------------- // d_removed // ----------------------------- // d_symbol 0 not 0 // ----------------------------------------- // 0 item item removed by // removed SR resolution // in favor of // Reduce // not 0 item active does not happen // ----------------------------------------- std::ostream &Next::transition(std::ostream &out) const { checkRemoved(out); out << " On "; Symbol const *ps = pSymbol(); if (ps) out << ps; else out << "????"; out << " to state " << static_cast(d_next); return out; // // return out << " On " ////<< pSymbol() //<< " to state " << // static_cast(d_next); } bisonc++-6.09.01/nonterminal/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012014610 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/nonterminal/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000044714700504612016032 0ustar frankfrank#include "nonterminal.ih" size_t NonTerminal::s_counter; size_t NonTerminal::s_number; bool NonTerminal::s_unused; bool NonTerminal::s_undefined; ostream &(NonTerminal::*NonTerminal::s_insertPtr)(ostream &out) const = &NonTerminal::plainName; bisonc++-6.09.01/nonterminal/unused.cc0000664000175000017500000000051114700504612016414 0ustar frankfrank#include "nonterminal.ih" void NonTerminal::unused(NonTerminal const *nonTerminal) { if (!nonTerminal->isUsed()) { if (!s_unused) { wmsg << "Non-terminal symbol(s) not used in productions:" << endl; s_unused = true; } wmsg << " " << nonTerminal << endl; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/nonterminal/undefined.cc0000664000175000017500000000046514700504612017062 0ustar frankfrank#include "nonterminal.ih" void NonTerminal::undefined(NonTerminal const *nonTerminal) { if (nonTerminal->isUsed() && !nonTerminal->nProductions()) { s_undefined = true; emsg << "No production rules for non-terminal `" << nonTerminal->name() << '\'' << endl; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/nonterminal/nonterminal1.cc0000664000175000017500000000021314700504612017517 0ustar frankfrank#include "nonterminal.ih" NonTerminal::NonTerminal(string const &name, string const &stype, Type type) : Symbol(name, type, stype) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/nonterminal/nonterminal.f0000664000175000017500000000351714700504612017310 0ustar frankfrankinline bool NonTerminal::notUsed() { return s_unused; } inline bool NonTerminal::notDefined() { return s_undefined; } inline std::ostream &NonTerminal::plainName(std::ostream &out) const { return out << name(); } inline std::ostream &NonTerminal::nameAndFirstset(std::ostream &out) const { return insName(out) << d_first; } inline std::ostream &NonTerminal::value(std::ostream &out) const { return out << std::setw(3) << v_value(); } inline void NonTerminal::setFirstNr(size_t nr) { s_number = nr; } inline void NonTerminal::setNr(NonTerminal *np) { np->d_nr = s_number++; } inline size_t NonTerminal::counter() { return s_counter; } inline void NonTerminal::resetCounter() { s_counter = 0; } inline void NonTerminal::setNonTerminal(NonTerminal *nonTerminal) { nonTerminal->setType(NON_TERMINAL); } inline size_t NonTerminal::firstSize() const { return d_first.setSize(); } inline std::set const &NonTerminal::firstTerminals() const { return d_first.set(); } inline void NonTerminal::addProduction(Production *next) { d_production.push_back(next); } inline size_t NonTerminal::nProductions() const { return d_production.size(); } inline void NonTerminal::addEpsilon() { d_first.addEpsilon(); } inline Production::Vector &NonTerminal::productions() { return d_production; } inline Production::Vector const &NonTerminal::productions() const { return d_production; } inline NonTerminal *NonTerminal::downcast(Symbol *sp) { return dynamic_cast(sp); } inline NonTerminal const *NonTerminal::downcast(Symbol const *sp) { return dynamic_cast(sp); } inline void NonTerminal::inserter(std::ostream &(NonTerminal::*insertPtr) (std::ostream &out) const) { s_insertPtr = insertPtr; } bisonc++-6.09.01/nonterminal/setfirst.cc0000664000175000017500000000367414700504612016771 0ustar frankfrank#include "nonterminal.ih" // For an empty production, the N gets . For non-empty // productions: add those element's first symbols, and stop if an // element has no empty production. If, at the end, the final element // has an empty production, add as well void NonTerminal::setFirst(NonTerminal *nonTerminal) { FirstSet &firstSet = nonTerminal->d_first; Production::Vector &prodVect = nonTerminal->d_production; if (!prodVect.size()) // empty production firstSet.addEpsilon(); // add epsilon to FirstSet else { bool hasEpsilon = false; // include epsilon at the end? for // visit all elements of a production ( Production::Vector::const_iterator it = prodVect.begin(); it != prodVect.end(); ++it ) { Production const &production = **it; bool epsilon = true; // epsilon in this rule's elements for ( auto symPtrIt = production.begin(); symPtrIt != production.end(); ++symPtrIt ) { firstSet += (*symPtrIt)->firstSet(); // add the element's firstSet // element without if (!(*symPtrIt)->firstSet().hasEpsilon()) { epsilon = false; break; // and done, this productionrule } } hasEpsilon |= epsilon; // once a production rule includes // epsilon, hasEpsilon remains true } if (hasEpsilon) firstSet.addEpsilon(); else firstSet.rmEpsilon(); } s_counter += firstSet.setSize(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/nonterminal/nonterminal.ih0000664000175000017500000000023614700504612017456 0ustar frankfrank#include "nonterminal.h" #include #include #include #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/nonterminal/destructor.cc0000664000175000017500000000007314700504612017312 0ustar frankfrank#include "nonterminal.ih" NonTerminal::~NonTerminal() { } bisonc++-6.09.01/nonterminal/insname.cc0000664000175000017500000000037014700504612016546 0ustar frankfrank#include "nonterminal.ih" std::ostream &NonTerminal::insName(std::ostream &out) const { std::string const &nName = name(); return out << " " << nName << left << setw(max(10 - static_cast(nName.length()), 1)) << ": "; } bisonc++-6.09.01/nonterminal/frame0000664000175000017500000000005514700504612015622 0ustar frankfrank#include "nonterminal.ih" NonTerminal:: { } bisonc++-6.09.01/nonterminal/nonterminal.h0000664000175000017500000000737114700504612017314 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_NONTERMINAL_ #define _INCLUDED_NONTERMINAL_ #include #include #include #include "../symbol/symbol.h" #include "../production/production.h" #include "../firstset/firstset.h" class NonTerminal: public Symbol { public: using Vector = std::vector; private: Production::Vector d_production; // production rules in a vector // of ptrs to Production objects FirstSet d_first; // set of terminals that can be // encountered at this NonTerminal size_t d_nr; // the NonTerminal's number static size_t s_counter; // counts the number of symbols in first // sets. May be reset to 0 by // resetCounter() static size_t s_number; // incremented at each call of setNr() static bool s_unused; // prevents multiple unused warnings static bool s_undefined; // set to true once at least one // nonterminal is not used. static std::ostream &(NonTerminal::*s_insertPtr)(std::ostream &out) const; // pointer to the insertion function to be // used. public: NonTerminal(std::string const &name, std::string const &stype = "", Type type = NON_TERMINAL); ~NonTerminal(); Production::Vector &productions(); Production::Vector const &productions() const; // f size_t firstSize() const; // f size_t nProductions() const; // f std::set const &firstTerminals() const; // f void addEpsilon(); // f void addProduction(Production *next); // f static NonTerminal *downcast(Symbol *sp); // f static NonTerminal const *downcast(Symbol const *sp); // f static size_t counter(); // f static void resetCounter(); // f static void setFirst(NonTerminal *nonTerminal); static void setFirstNr(size_t nr); // f static void setNonTerminal(NonTerminal *nonTerminal); // f static void setNr(NonTerminal *np); // f static void undefined(NonTerminal const *nonTerminal); static void unused(NonTerminal const *nonTerminal); static bool notUsed(); // f static bool notDefined(); // f static void inserter(std::ostream &(NonTerminal::*insertPtr) // f (std::ostream &out) const); // plain name std::ostream &plainName(std::ostream &out) const; // f std::ostream &nameAndFirstset(std::ostream &out) const; // f // the N's value std::ostream &value(std::ostream &out) const; // f using Symbol::value; private: virtual std::ostream &insert(std::ostream &out) const; virtual size_t v_value() const; virtual FirstSet const &v_firstSet() const; std::ostream &insName(std::ostream &out) const; }; // operator<< is already available through Element #include "nonterminal.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/nonterminal/v.cc0000664000175000017500000000042114700504612015356 0ustar frankfrank#include "nonterminal.ih" size_t NonTerminal::v_value() const { return d_nr; } FirstSet const &NonTerminal::v_firstSet() const { return d_first; } std::ostream &NonTerminal::insert(std::ostream &out) const { return (this->*NonTerminal::s_insertPtr)(out); } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012013755 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/options/setstype.cc0000664000175000017500000000050214700504612016136 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setStype() { if (not isFirstStypeDefinition()) return; if (d_matched->find(';') == string::npos) d_stackDecl = "using STYPE_ = " + *d_matched + ";\n"; else emsg << "`;' in %stype type-definition `" << *d_matched << '\'' << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setprinttokens.cc0000664000175000017500000000020014700504612017345 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setPrintTokens() { d_printTokens = true; d_warnOptions.insert("print-tokens"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/SKEL0000664000175000017500000000004614771261054014443 0ustar frankfrank#define _Skel_ "/usr/share/bisonc++" bisonc++-6.09.01/options/instance.cc0000664000175000017500000000021314700504612016061 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" Options &Options::instance() { if (s_options == 0) s_options = new Options(); return *s_options; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000312214700504612015170 0ustar frankfrank// Recompile this file if the skeleton locations in INSTALL.im change #include "options.ih" #include "SKEL" size_t Options::s_defaultStackExpansion = 10; char Options::s_defaultBaseClassSkeleton[] = "bisonc++base.h"; char Options::s_defaultClassName[] = "Parser"; char Options::s_defaultClassSkeleton[] = "bisonc++.h"; char Options::s_defaultImplementationSkeleton[] = "bisonc++.ih"; char Options::s_defaultParsefunSkeleton[] = "bisonc++.cc"; char Options::s_defaultParsefunSource[] = "parse.cc"; char Options::s_defaultPolymorphicCodeSkeleton[]= "bisonc++polymorphic.code"; char Options::s_defaultPolymorphicSkeleton[] = "bisonc++polymorphic"; char Options::s_defaultTokenClass[] = "Tokens"; char Options::s_defaultSkeletonDirectory[] = _Skel_; // the defaults are flexc++-defaults. // use --flex or %flex or explicit options to use flex defaults char Options::s_defaultScannerClassName[] = "Scanner"; char Options::s_defaultScannerMatchedTextFunction[] = "d_scanner.matched()"; char Options::s_YYText[] = "d_scanner.YYText()"; char Options::s_defaultScannerTokenFunction[] = "d_scanner.lex()"; char Options::s_yylex[] = "d_scanner.yylex()"; Options *Options::s_options = 0; unordered_map Options::s_value { { "true", Options::ON }, { "on", Options::ON }, { "false", Options::OFF }, { "off", Options::OFF }, { "quiet", Options::QUIET }, { "warn", Options::WARN }, { "std", Options::STD } }; bisonc++-6.09.01/options/accept.cc0000664000175000017500000000041414700504612015517 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" std::string const &Options::accept(PathType pathType, char const *declTxt) { if (pathType == FILENAME && d_matched->find('/') != string::npos) emsg << '`' << declTxt << "' directive: no path names" << endl; return *d_matched; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setlocationdecl.cc0000664000175000017500000000060314700504612017434 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" // copy the location declaration into `d_locationDecl' as the // definition of LSTYPE. void Options::setLocationDecl(std::string const &block) { if (!d_locationDecl.empty()) emsg << "%location-struct or %ltype multiply specified" << endl; else { d_locationDecl = "struct LTYPE_\n" + block += ";\n"; d_lspNeeded = true; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setconstructorchecks.cc0000664000175000017500000000044414700504612020545 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setConstructorChecks(string const &request, string const &filename, size_t lineNr) { Value value = valueOf(request, ON, OFF); // default ON, OFF also OK d_constructorChecks = OptInfo{value, filename, lineNr}; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setdefaultaction.cc0000664000175000017500000000075514700504612017626 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" // see also parser/expectrules.cc void Options::setDefaultAction(string const &request, string const &filename, size_t lineNr) { Value value = valueOf(request, STD, ~STD); if (value == ON) value = WARN; // OFF -> off, // QUIET -> on without warning. // WARN -> ON + warning // ALWAYS -> Does $$ = $1, no warnings (default) d_defaultActions = OptInfo{value, filename, lineNr}; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/options1.cc0000664000175000017500000000016014700504612016032 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" Options::Options() : d_arg(Arg::instance()), d_verboseName("(not requested)") {} bisonc++-6.09.01/options/addincludequotes.cc0000664000175000017500000000044114700504612017615 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::addIncludeQuotes(string &target) { if ( target.size() // target specified && target.find_first_of("<\"") != 0 // but no initial quotes ) target.insert(0, 1, '"') += '"'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setuniondecl.cc0000664000175000017500000000041214700504612016752 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" // copy the union declaration into ostringstream `union_decl' as the // definition of LSTYPE. void Options::setUnionDecl(std::string const &block) { if (isFirstStypeDefinition()) d_stackDecl = "union STYPE_\n" + block + ";\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setbasicstrings.cc0000664000175000017500000000335214700504612017473 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setBasicStrings() { // classname/namespace can only be followed by IDENTIFIERs, // so no undelimit is required. if (d_arg.option(&d_nameSpace, 'n')) d_warnOptions.insert("namespace"); if (d_arg.option(&d_className, "class-name")) d_warnOptions.insert("class-name"); else if (d_className.empty()) d_className = s_defaultClassName; if (d_arg.option(&d_scannerClassName, "scanner-class-name")) d_warnOptions.insert("scanner-class-name"); else if (d_scannerClassName.empty()) d_scannerClassName = s_defaultScannerClassName; setOpt(&d_scannerTokenFunction, "scanner-token-function", d_flex ? s_yylex : s_defaultScannerTokenFunction); setOpt(&d_scannerMatchedTextFunction, "scanner-matched-text-function", d_flex ? s_YYText : s_defaultScannerMatchedTextFunction); string nTokens; if (d_arg.option(&nTokens, "required-tokens")) d_requiredTokens = stoul(nTokens); d_arg.option(&d_genericFilename, 'f'); if (d_genericFilename.empty()) d_genericFilename = d_className; d_arg.option(&d_skeletonDirectory, 'S'); if (d_skeletonDirectory.empty()) d_skeletonDirectory = s_defaultSkeletonDirectory; cleanDir(d_skeletonDirectory, true); d_arg.option(&d_targetDirectory, "target-directory"); if (not d_targetDirectory.empty()) cleanDir(d_targetDirectory, true); } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/baseclassheadername.cc0000664000175000017500000000043014700504612020230 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" std::string Options::baseclassHeaderName() const { size_t pos = d_baseClassHeader.rfind('/'); return pos == string::npos ? d_baseClassHeader : d_baseClassHeader.substr(pos + 1); } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setbooleans.cc0000664000175000017500000000110014700504612016567 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setBooleans() { if (d_arg.option(0, "debug")) d_genDebug = true; if (d_arg.option('t')) { d_warnOptions.insert("print-tokens"); d_printTokens = true; } if (d_arg.option(0, "error-verbose")) d_errorVerbose = true; if (d_arg.option(0, "flex")) d_flex = d_scannerInclude.size(); if (d_arg.option(0, "no-lines")) d_lines = false; if (d_arg.option(0, "prompt")) d_prompt = true; if (d_arg.option(0, "thread-safe")) d_threadSafe = true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/undelimit.cc0000664000175000017500000000067114700504612016257 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" string Options::undelimit(std::string const &str) { string ret = String::unescape( // no initial " or < then use str string("<\"").find(str[0]) == string::npos ? str : // else remove the 1st and last char str.substr(1, str.size() - 2) ); return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setltype.cc0000664000175000017500000000057614700504612016142 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setLtype() { if (d_locationDecl.size()) emsg << "%location-struct or %ltype multiply declared" << endl; else if (d_matched->find(';') != string::npos) emsg << "`;' in %ltype type-definition `" << *d_matched << '\'' << endl; else d_locationDecl = "using LTYPE_ = " + *d_matched += ";\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setpath2.4.040000664000175000017500000001225214700504612016015 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" // options overrule directives // path specifications overrule target specifications // paths in directives and a targetdir option results in a warning // -t: --target-directory options was specified // %t: %target-directory directive was specified // -d: --destination option was specified // -dp: --destination option using a path (/) was specified // %d: %destination directive was specified // %dp: %destination directive using a path (/) was specified // D: default destination value // d: destination directive value // o: destination option value // t: target-directory value // -: combination cannot occur (e.g., both -d and -dp) // W: provide warning about ignored t // No destination option: // // no target spec: // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 0 0 0 0 D 1 // 0 0 0 1 d 2 // 0 0 1 0 d 2 // 0 0 1 1 - // // target spec: // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 0 1 0 0 t + D 1 // 0 1 0 1 d 2 // 0 1 1 0 t + d 2 // 0 1 1 1 - // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 1 0 0 0 t + D 1 // 1 0 0 1 d (W) 3 // 1 0 1 0 t + d 2 // 1 0 1 1 - // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 1 1 0 0 t + D 1 // 1 1 0 1 d (W) 3 // 1 1 1 0 t + d 2 // 1 1 1 1 - // // Destination option was used: // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 0 0 0 1 0 0 o 5 // 0 0 0 1 0 1 o 5 // 0 0 0 1 1 0 o 5 // 0 0 0 1 1 1 - // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 0 0 1 0 0 0 o 5 // 0 0 1 0 0 1 o 5 // 0 0 1 0 1 0 o 5 // 0 0 1 0 1 1 - // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 0 0 1 1 0 0 - // 0 0 1 1 0 1 - // 0 0 1 1 1 0 - // 0 0 1 1 1 1 - // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 0 1 0 1 0 0 o 5 // 0 1 0 1 0 1 o 5 // 0 1 0 1 1 0 o 5 // 0 1 0 1 1 1 - // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 0 1 1 0 0 0 o 5 // 0 1 1 0 0 1 o 5 // 0 1 1 0 1 0 o 5 // 0 1 1 0 1 1 - // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 0 1 1 1 0 0 - // 0 1 1 1 0 1 - // 0 1 1 1 1 0 - // 0 1 1 1 1 1 - // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 1 0 0 1 0 0 o 5 // 1 0 0 1 0 1 o 5 // 1 0 0 1 1 0 o 5 // 1 0 0 1 1 1 - // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 1 0 1 0 0 0 t + o 4 // 1 0 1 0 0 1 t + o 4 // 1 0 1 0 1 0 t + o 4 // 1 0 1 0 1 1 - // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 1 0 1 1 0 0 - // 1 0 1 1 0 1 - // 1 0 1 1 1 0 - // 1 0 1 1 1 1 - // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 1 1 0 1 0 0 o 5 // 1 1 0 1 0 1 o 5 // 1 1 0 1 1 0 o 5 // 1 1 0 1 1 1 - // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 1 1 1 0 0 0 t + o 4 // 1 1 1 0 0 1 t + o 4 // 1 1 1 0 1 0 t + o 4 // 1 1 1 0 1 1 - // // -t %t -d -dp %d %dp use: action: // 1 1 1 1 0 0 - // 1 1 1 1 0 1 - // 1 1 1 1 1 0 - // 1 1 1 1 1 1 - void Options::setPath(string *dest, int optChar, bool targetDirOption, char const *optionName, string const &defaultFilename, char const *suffix) { if (not d_arg.option(dest, optChar)) // no dest. option { // path specification used if (dest->find('/') != string::npos) { if (targetDirOption) // #3 wmsg << "--target-directory ignored for %" << optionName << ' ' << *dest << endl; } else *dest = d_targetDirectory + // may be empty ( dest->empty() ? // no dest. specified defaultFilename + suffix // #1 : *dest // #2 ); } else // targetDirOption + dest. option w/o path provided: { if (targetDirOption && dest->find('/') == string::npos) *dest = d_targetDirectory + *dest; // # 4 } // otherwise: // # 5 cleanDir(*dest, false); } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setquotedstrings.cc0000664000175000017500000000125414700504612017712 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setQuotedStrings() { d_arg.option(&d_preInclude, 'H'); addIncludeQuotes(d_preInclude); d_arg.option(&d_scannerInclude, 's'); addIncludeQuotes(d_scannerInclude); d_arg.option(&d_tokenPath, 'F'); if (not d_tokenPath.empty()) // tokenfile path specified { addIncludeQuotes(d_tokenPath); d_tokenPath = d_tokenPath.substr(1, d_tokenPath.length() - 2); d_arg.option(&d_tokenClass, 'K'); // set the token class d_arg.option(&d_tokenNameSpace, 'N'); // set the token namespace if (d_tokenClass.empty()) d_tokenClass = s_defaultTokenClass; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/valueof.cc0000664000175000017500000000054214700504612015723 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" // static Options::Value Options::valueOf(string const &key, Value byDefault, unsigned mask) { auto entry = s_value.find(String::lc(key)); if (entry == s_value.end()) return byDefault; Value ret = entry->second; return ret & mask ? ret : byDefault; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setopt.cc0000664000175000017500000000054714700504612015605 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setOpt(string *destVar, char const *option, string const &defaultSpec) { string str; d_arg.option(&str, option); if (not str.empty()) { d_warnOptions.insert(option); *destVar = undelimit(str); } else if (destVar->empty()) *destVar = defaultSpec; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/isfirststypedef.cc0000664000175000017500000000035714700504612017515 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" bool Options::isFirstStypeDefinition() const { if (d_stackDecl.empty()) return true; emsg << "Only one of %polymorphic, %stype, or %union can be specified" << endl; return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setpathstrings.cc0000664000175000017500000000100614700504612017340 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setPathStrings() { setPath(&d_baseClassHeader, 'b', d_genericFilename, "base.h", "baseclass-header"); setPath(&d_classHeader, 'c', d_genericFilename, ".h", "class-header"); setPath(&d_implementationHeader, 'i', d_genericFilename, ".ih", "implementation-header"); setPath(&d_parsefunSource, 'p', s_defaultParsefunSource, "", "parsefun-source"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setparsingoptions.cc0000664000175000017500000000036414700504612020057 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setParsingOptions() { string value; if (d_arg.option(&value, 'd')) setDefaultAction(value, "", 0); if (d_arg.option(&value, "tag-mismatches")) setTagMismatches(value, "", 0); } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/showfilenames.cc0000664000175000017500000000203014700504612017120 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::showFilenames() const { if (!d_arg.option(0, "show-filenames")) return; cout << "\n" "SKELETONS AND FILENAMES:\n" " Base class skeleton:\n" "\t`" << d_baseClassSkeleton << "'\n" " Class skeleton:\n" "\t`" << d_classSkeleton << "'\n" " Implementation header skeleton:\n" "\t`" << d_implementationSkeleton << "'\n" " Parser implementation skeleton:\n" "\t`" << d_parsefunSkeleton << "'\n" "\n" " Base class header: `" << d_baseClassHeader << "'\n" " Class header: `" << d_classHeader << "'\n" " Implementation header: `" << d_implementationHeader << "'\n" " Parser Implementation: `" << d_parsefunSource << "'\n"; if (useTokenPath()) cout << " Tokens defined in: `" << d_tokenPath << "'\n"; cout << " Verbose grammar description: `" << d_verboseName << "'\n" "\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setaccessorvariables.cc0000664000175000017500000000105014700504612020464 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" // called after the grammar has been parsed (by Parser::cleanup in main) void Options::setAccessorVariables() { setBooleans(); setBasicStrings(); setPathStrings(); setQuotedStrings(); // add " " around pathnames setSkeletons(); string value; if (d_arg.option(&value, "stack-expansion")) { d_stackExpansion = stoul(value); if (d_stackExpansion < s_defaultStackExpansion) d_stackExpansion = s_defaultStackExpansion; } Global::plainWarnings(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/options.h0000664000175000017500000002641514771270616015642 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef INCLUDED_OPTIONS_ #define INCLUDED_OPTIONS_ #include #include #include namespace FBB { class Arg; } struct Options { enum Value { UNKNOWN = 0, OFF = 1 << 0, ON = 1 << 1, QUIET = 1 << 2, // do not show warnings WARN = 1 << 3, // show warnings STD = 1 << 4, // do always $$ = $1, no warns }; struct OptInfo { Value value; std::string filename; size_t lineNr; }; private: enum PathType { FILENAME, PATHNAME }; FBB::Arg &d_arg; std::string const *d_matched; // The following three data members get their final values in // setAccessorVariables // Resulting values: ON, OFF OptInfo d_constructorChecks{OFF, "", 0}; // Resulting values: ON, OFF OptInfo d_tagMismatches{ON, "", 0}; // Resulting values: OFF, QUIET, WARN, STD OptInfo d_defaultActions{UNKNOWN, "", 0}; bool d_genDebug = false; bool d_errorVerbose = false; bool d_flex = false; bool d_lines = true; bool d_lspNeeded = false; bool d_polymorphic = false; bool d_printTokens = false; bool d_strongTags = true; bool d_prompt = false; bool d_threadSafe = false; size_t d_requiredTokens = 0; size_t d_stackExpansion = 0; std::set d_warnOptions;// contains the names of options // for which Generator may warn // if specified for already // existing .h or .ih files std::string d_baseClassHeader; std::string d_baseClassSkeleton; std::string d_polymorphicCodeSkeleton; std::string d_polymorphicInline; std::string d_polymorphicSkeleton; std::string d_classHeader; std::string d_className; std::string d_classSkeleton; std::string d_genericFilename; std::string d_implementationHeader; std::string d_implementationSkeleton; std::string d_locationDecl; std::string d_nameSpace; std::string d_parsefunSkeleton; std::string d_parsefunSource; std::string d_preInclude; std::string d_scannerInclude; std::string d_scannerMatchedTextFunction; std::string d_scannerTokenFunction; std::string d_scannerClassName; std::string d_skeletonDirectory; std::string d_stackDecl; std::string d_targetDirectory; std::string d_verboseName; std::string d_tokenPath; std::string d_tokenClass; std::string d_tokenNameSpace; static size_t s_defaultStackExpansion; static char s_defaultBaseClassSkeleton[]; static char s_defaultClassName[]; static char s_defaultClassSkeleton[]; static char s_defaultImplementationSkeleton[]; static char s_defaultParsefunSkeleton[]; static char s_defaultParsefunSource[]; static char s_defaultPolymorphicCodeSkeleton[]; static char s_defaultPolymorphicSkeleton[]; static char s_defaultScannerClassName[]; static char s_defaultScannerMatchedTextFunction[]; static char s_defaultScannerTokenFunction[]; static char s_defaultSkeletonDirectory[]; static char s_defaultTargetDirectory[]; static char s_defaultTokenClass[]; static char s_YYText[]; static char s_yylex[]; static std::unordered_map s_value; static Options *s_options; public: static Options &instance(); Options(Options const &other) = delete; void setMatched(std::string const &matched); // f void setParsingOptions(); void setAccessorVariables(); bool specified(std::string const &option) const; // f void setBaseClassHeader(); // f void setClassHeader(); // f void setClassName(); // f void setGenDebug(); // f void setErrorVerbose(); // f void setFlex(); // f void setGenericFilename(); // f void setImplementationHeader(); // f void setLocationDecl(std::string const &block); void setLspNeeded(); // f void setLtype(); void setNamespace(); // f void setParsefunSource(); // f void setPolymorphicDecl(); void setPreInclude(); // f void setPrintTokens(); void setPrompt(); // f void setThreadSafe(); // f void setTokenClass(); // f void setTokenNameSpace(); // f void setTokenPath(); // f void setRequiredTokens(size_t nRequiredTokens); void setScannerClassName(); // f void setScannerInclude(); // f void setScannerMatchedTextFunction(); // f void setScannerTokenFunction(); // f void setStackExpansion(size_t nr); void setStype(); void setTargetDirectory(); // f void setUnionDecl(std::string const &block); void setVerbosity(); // Prepare Msg for verbose output void setTagMismatches(std::string const &request, std::string const &filename, size_t lineNr); void setDefaultAction(std::string const &request, std::string const &filename, size_t lineNr); void setConstructorChecks(std::string const &request, std::string const &filename, size_t lineNr); void unsetLines(); // f void unsetStrongTags(); // f void showFilenames() const; bool printTokens() const; // f bool genDebug() const; // f bool errorVerbose() const; // f bool lines() const; // f bool lspNeeded() const; // f bool polymorphic() const; // f bool strongTags() const; // f bool prompt() const; // f bool threadSafe() const; // f bool useTokenPath() const; // f OptInfo const &tagMismatches() const; // f OptInfo const &constructorChecks() const; // f OptInfo const &defaultActions() const; // f size_t requiredTokens() const; // f size_t stackExpansion() const; // f std::string const &baseClassSkeleton() const; // f std::string const &baseClassHeader() const; // f std::string baseclassHeaderName() const; // f std::string const &classHeader() const; // f std::string const &className() const; // f std::string const &classSkeleton() const; // f std::string const &implementationHeader() const; // f std::string const &implementationSkeleton() const; // f std::string const <ype() const; // f std::string const &nameSpace() const; // f std::string const &parseSkeleton() const; // f std::string const &parseSource() const; // f std::string const &preInclude() const; // f std::string const &polymorphicCodeSkeleton() const; // f std::string const &polymorphicSkeleton() const; // f std::string const &scannerClassName() const; // f std::string const &scannerInclude() const; // f std::string const &scannerMatchedTextFunction() const; // f std::string const &scannerTokenFunction() const; // f std::string const &skeletonDirectory() const; // f std::string const &stype() const; // f std::string const &targetDirectory() const; // f std::string tokenPath() const; // f std::string const &tokenClass() const; // f std::string const &tokenNameSpace() const; // f static std::string undelimit(std::string const &str); private: Options(); // called by setAccessorVariables() void setBooleans(); void setBasicStrings(); void setOpt(std::string *destVar, char const *opt, std::string const &defaultSpec); void setQuotedStrings(); void setPathStrings(); // called by setAccessorVariables, // called by parser.cleanup(). // inspected Option values // may NOT have directory separators. void setSkeletons(); // undelimit and if append append / if missing void cleanDir(std::string &dir, bool append); void addIncludeQuotes(std::string &target); std::string const &accept(PathType pathType, char const *declTxt); void assign(std::string *target, PathType pathType, char const *declTxt); void setPath(std::string *dest, int optChar, std::string const &defaultFilename, char const *defaultSuffix, char const *optionName); bool isFirstStypeDefinition() const; static Value valueOf(std::string const &key, Value byDefault, unsigned mask = ~0); }; #include "options.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/options/assign.cc0000664000175000017500000000054414700504612015550 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::assign(std::string *target, PathType pathType, char const *declTxt) { if (target->empty()) { d_warnOptions.insert(declTxt); *target = accept(pathType, declTxt); } else emsg << "%" << declTxt << " multiply specified" << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/options.ih0000664000175000017500000000034314700504612015767 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.h" #include #include #include #include namespace Global { void plainWarnings(); } #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setpath2.cc0000664000175000017500000000361614700504612016021 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" // 1 2 3 4 // --target %target --dest %dest action: (D: default) // ------------------------------------------------------ // 0 0 1 0 2 t+d (t may be empty) // 0 0 1 1 2 // 0 1 1 0 2 // 0 1 1 1 2 // 1 0 1 0 2 // 1 0 1 1 2 // 1 1 1 0 2 // 1 1 1 1 2 // 2 // 0 0 0 1 2 // 0 1 0 1 2 // 1 0 0 1 2 // 1 1 0 1 2 // // 1 0 0 0 1 t+D (t may be empty) // 1 1 0 0 1 // 0 1 0 0 1 // 0 0 0 0 1 // ------------------------------------------------------- void Options::setPath(string *dest, int optChar, string const &defaultFilename, char const *defaultSuffix, char const *optionName) { if ( d_arg.option(dest, optChar) // try to get the option && dest->find('/') != string::npos ) emsg << "`--" << optionName << "' option: no path names" << endl; if (dest->empty()) // no value in dest then use a default *dest = defaultFilename + defaultSuffix; // filename and suffix // d_warnOptions.insert(optionName); *dest = d_targetDirectory + *dest; // prefix the target (may be empty) } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setrequiredtokens.cc0000664000175000017500000000034714700504612020045 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setRequiredTokens(size_t nRequiredTokens) { if (d_requiredTokens != 0) emsg << "%required-tokens multiply specified " << endl; else d_requiredTokens = nRequiredTokens; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/options.f0000664000175000017500000001330314771267046015633 0ustar frankfrankinline bool Options::genDebug() const { return d_genDebug; } inline Options::OptInfo const &Options::defaultActions() const { return d_defaultActions; } inline Options::OptInfo const &Options::tagMismatches() const { return d_tagMismatches; } inline Options::OptInfo const &Options::constructorChecks() const { return d_constructorChecks; } inline std::string const &Options::baseClassHeader() const { return d_baseClassHeader; } inline std::string const &Options::skeletonDirectory() const { return d_skeletonDirectory; } inline std::string const &Options::baseClassSkeleton() const { return d_baseClassSkeleton; } inline std::string const &Options::classHeader() const { return d_classHeader; } inline std::string const &Options::className() const { return d_className; } inline std::string const &Options::classSkeleton() const { return d_classSkeleton; } inline bool Options::prompt() const { return d_prompt; } inline bool Options::threadSafe() const { return d_threadSafe; } inline bool Options::errorVerbose() const { return d_errorVerbose; } inline std::string const &Options::implementationHeader() const { return d_implementationHeader; } inline std::string const &Options::implementationSkeleton() const { return d_implementationSkeleton; } inline bool Options::lines() const { return d_lines; } inline bool Options::lspNeeded() const { return d_lspNeeded; } inline bool Options::polymorphic() const { return d_polymorphic; } inline std::string const &Options::ltype() const { return d_locationDecl; } inline std::string const &Options::nameSpace() const { return d_nameSpace; } inline std::string const &Options::parseSkeleton() const { return d_parsefunSkeleton; } inline std::string const &Options::parseSource() const { return d_parsefunSource; } inline std::string const &Options::polymorphicCodeSkeleton() const { return d_polymorphicCodeSkeleton; } inline std::string const &Options::polymorphicSkeleton() const { return d_polymorphicSkeleton; } inline std::string const &Options::preInclude() const { return d_preInclude; } inline bool Options::printTokens() const { return d_printTokens; } inline size_t Options::requiredTokens() const { return d_requiredTokens; } inline size_t Options::stackExpansion() const { return d_stackExpansion == 0 ? s_defaultStackExpansion : d_stackExpansion; } inline std::string const &Options::scannerClassName() const { return d_scannerClassName; } inline std::string const &Options::scannerInclude() const { return d_scannerInclude; } inline std::string const &Options::scannerMatchedTextFunction() const { return d_scannerMatchedTextFunction; } inline std::string const &Options::scannerTokenFunction() const { return d_scannerTokenFunction; } inline void Options::setPrompt() { d_prompt = true; } inline void Options::setThreadSafe() { d_threadSafe = true; } inline void Options::setBaseClassHeader() { assign(&d_baseClassHeader, FILENAME, "baseclass-header"); } inline void Options::setClassHeader() { assign(&d_classHeader, FILENAME, "class-header"); } inline void Options::setClassName() { assign(&d_className, FILENAME, "class-name"); } inline void Options::setTokenClass() { assign(&d_tokenClass, FILENAME, "token-class"); } inline void Options::setTokenNameSpace() { assign(&d_tokenNameSpace, FILENAME, "token-namespace"); } inline void Options::setTokenPath() { assign(&d_tokenPath, PATHNAME, "token-path"); } inline void Options::setErrorVerbose() { d_errorVerbose = true; } inline void Options::setGenDebug() { d_genDebug = true; } inline void Options::setGenericFilename() { assign(&d_genericFilename, FILENAME, "filenames"); } inline void Options::setFlex() { d_flex = true; } inline void Options::setImplementationHeader() { assign(&d_implementationHeader, FILENAME, "implementation-header"); } inline void Options::unsetLines() { d_lines = false; } inline void Options::setLspNeeded() { d_lspNeeded = true; } inline void Options::setMatched(std::string const &matched) { d_matched = &matched; } inline void Options::setNamespace() { assign(&d_nameSpace, FILENAME, "namespace"); } inline void Options::setParsefunSource() { assign(&d_parsefunSource, FILENAME, "parsefun-source"); } inline void Options::setPreInclude() { assign(&d_preInclude, PATHNAME, "baseclass-preinclude"); } inline void Options::setScannerClassName() { assign(&d_scannerClassName, FILENAME, "scanner-class-name"); } inline void Options::setScannerInclude() { assign(&d_scannerInclude, PATHNAME, "scanner"); } inline void Options::setScannerMatchedTextFunction() { assign(&d_scannerMatchedTextFunction, FILENAME, "scanner-matched-text-function"); } inline void Options::setScannerTokenFunction() { assign(&d_scannerTokenFunction, FILENAME, "scanner-token-function"); } inline void Options::setTargetDirectory() { assign(&d_targetDirectory, PATHNAME, "target-directory"); } inline std::string const &Options::stype() const { return d_stackDecl; } inline bool Options::strongTags() const { return d_strongTags; } inline void Options::unsetStrongTags() { d_strongTags = false; } inline bool Options::specified(std::string const &option) const { return d_warnOptions.find(option) != d_warnOptions.end(); } inline bool Options::useTokenPath() const { return not d_tokenPath.empty(); } inline std::string Options::tokenPath() const { return d_targetDirectory + d_tokenPath; } inline std::string const &Options::tokenClass() const { return d_tokenClass; } inline std::string const &Options::tokenNameSpace() const { return d_tokenNameSpace; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/settagmismatches.cc0000664000175000017500000000063114700504612017626 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" // Resulting values: ON, OFF void Options::setTagMismatches(string const &request, string const &filename, size_t lineNr) { Value value = valueOf(request, ON, ~WARN); // the mask turns WARN into ON if (value == QUIET) value = OFF; d_tagMismatches = OptInfo{value, filename, lineNr}; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setskeletons.cc0000664000175000017500000000173014700504612017005 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setSkeletons() { if (!d_arg.option(&d_baseClassSkeleton, 'B')) d_baseClassSkeleton = d_skeletonDirectory + s_defaultBaseClassSkeleton; if (!d_arg.option(&d_classSkeleton, 'C')) d_classSkeleton = d_skeletonDirectory + s_defaultClassSkeleton; if (!d_arg.option(&d_implementationSkeleton, 'I')) d_implementationSkeleton = d_skeletonDirectory + s_defaultImplementationSkeleton; if (!d_arg.option(&d_parsefunSkeleton, 'P')) d_parsefunSkeleton = d_skeletonDirectory + s_defaultParsefunSkeleton; if (!d_arg.option(&d_polymorphicSkeleton, 'M')) d_polymorphicSkeleton = d_skeletonDirectory + s_defaultPolymorphicSkeleton; if (!d_arg.option(&d_polymorphicCodeSkeleton, 'L')) d_polymorphicCodeSkeleton = d_skeletonDirectory + s_defaultPolymorphicCodeSkeleton; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setpolymorphicdecl.cc0000664000175000017500000000040114700504612020165 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" // define the polymorphic semantic value type, embedded in a shared_ptr void Options::setPolymorphicDecl() { if (isFirstStypeDefinition()) d_stackDecl = " using STYPE_ = Meta_::SType;\n"; d_polymorphic = true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setverbosity.cc0000664000175000017500000000064414700504612017027 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setVerbosity() { if ( d_arg.option('V') || d_arg.option(0, "construction") || d_arg.option(0, "own-debug") ) { // determine the output filename (d_verboseName = d_arg[0]) += ".output"; imsg.reset(d_verboseName); } else imsg.off(); // suppress verbose messages } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/warnnonpolymorphic.cc0000664000175000017500000000100014700504612020220 0ustar frankfrank//#include "options.ih" // //// static //void Options::warnNonPolymorphic(OptInfo &info, char const *name) //{ // if (info.lineNr == 0) // { // Global::plainWarnings(); // wmsg << "option --"; // } // else // { // wmsg.setTag(info.filename + ": warning"); // wmsg.setLineNr(info.lineNr); // wmsg << "directive %"; // } // // wmsg << name << " ignored:\n" // " only available for %polymorphic" << endl; // info.value = UNKNOWN; //} bisonc++-6.09.01/options/setstackexpansion.cc0000664000175000017500000000034114700504612020025 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::setStackExpansion(size_t stackExpansion) { if (d_stackExpansion != 0) return; if (stackExpansion >= s_defaultStackExpansion) d_stackExpansion = stackExpansion; } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/frame0000664000175000017500000000004514700504612014766 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" Options:: { } bisonc++-6.09.01/options/cleandir.cc0000664000175000017500000000024314700504612016041 0ustar frankfrank#include "options.ih" void Options::cleanDir(string &dir, bool append) { dir = undelimit(dir); if (append && *dir.rbegin() != '/') dir += '/'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parseconstruction0000775000175000017500000000133414700504612015773 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash if [ $# == 0 ] ; then echo ls documentation/regression echo echo provide directory name under documentation/regression to process echo the parser directory is copied to tmp/bin and parse.cc and echo Parserbase.h generated with the current bisonc++ are compared to echo those generated with tmp/bin/binary echo exit 0 fi rm -rf tmp/bin/parser cp -r documentation/regression/$1/parser tmp/bin cd tmp/bin/parser echo bisonc++ -i parser.ih grammar mv parse.cc p.cc mv *base.h base.h echo ../binary grammar echo echo 'diff of parse.cc < by ./binary, > by bisonc++' read diff parse.cc p.cc echo echo 'diff of *base.h < by ./binary, > by bisonc++' read diff *serbase.h base.h bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271462013567 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/parser/definepathname.cc0000664000175000017500000000027414700504612017035 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::definePathname(string *target) { if (target->empty()) // assign only if not yet assigned *target = Options::undelimit(*target); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/releasepolymorphic.cc0000664000175000017500000000021714700504612017770 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" Parser::StrStrMap Parser::releasePolymorphic() { d_polymorphic.erase("END_TAG_"); return move(d_polymorphic); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/openrule.cc0000664000175000017500000000152614700504612015717 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // I've seen the begin of a rule. If not yet defined, do so // now, and prepare for productions. void Parser::openRule(string const &ruleName) { NonTerminal *nt = requireNonTerminal(ruleName); // rule must start with N if (nt) { // quit if not if ( not d_rules.newRule(nt, d_scanner.filename(), d_scanner.lineNr()) ) { Rules::FileInfo const &fileInfo = d_rules.fileInfo(nt); wmsg << "Extending rule `" << ruleName << "', first defined in `" << fileInfo.first << "' (" << fileInfo.second << ")" << endl; } d_rules.addProduction(d_scanner.lineNr()); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svsptr.cc0000664000175000017500000000022314700504612015420 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" bool Parser::svsPtr(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return svsReplace(nElements, block, atd, "->"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/useterminal.cc0000664000175000017500000000110214700504612016404 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" Terminal *Parser::useTerminal() { string const &name = d_scanner.canonicalQuote(); if (Symbol *sp = d_symtab.lookup(name)) { if (sp->isTerminal()) return Terminal::downcast(sp); multiplyDefined(sp); return 0; } Terminal *tp = new Terminal(name, Symbol::CHAR_TERMINAL, d_scanner.number()); d_symtab.insert ( Symtab::value_type ( name, d_rules.insert(tp, d_matched) ) ); return tp; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/parser.h0000664000175000017500000003563414700504612015233 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef Parser_h_included #define Parser_h_included // $insert baseclass #include "parserbase.h" // $insert scanner.h #include "../scanner/scanner.h" #include class NonTerminal; class Terminal; class Symbol; struct Options; class AtDollar; namespace FBB { class Mstream; } #undef Parser class Parser: public ParserBase { // actions to taken given tokens returned by the lexical scanner using ActionMap = std::unordered_map; using Iterator = ActionMap::iterator; using Value = ActionMap::value_type; using StrStrMap = std::unordered_map; enum SemType // s_autoTypeLable must be synchronized with this { // enum SINGLE, UNION, POLYMORPHIC }; static char const *s_autoTypeLabel[]; // data members that are self-explanatory are not explicitly // described here. FBB::Arg &d_arg; Options &d_options; // $insert scannerobject Scanner d_scanner; std::string const &d_matched; Rules &d_rules; Symtab d_symtab; std::string d_expect; std::string d_field; // %union field or %polymorphic // Tag_ value in %type specifications bool d_typeDirective = false;// true following %type bool d_negativeDollarIndicesOK = false; SemType d_semType = SINGLE; // see set{union,polymorphic}decl.cc // ADfun: pointer to member function handling @ and $ constructions using ADfun = bool (Parser::*) (int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); // ADmap: unordered map returning a function given an // AtDollar::Pattern using ADmap = std::unordered_map; ADmap *d_atDollar = &s_single; Terminal::Association d_association; // associations between tags (keys) and types (values) of // polymorphic semantic values StrStrMap d_polymorphic; static size_t s_nHidden; // number of hidden nonterminals static std::ostringstream s_hiddenName; static std::string s_semanticValue; // name of the semantic value variable // used by the generated parser static std::string s_semanticValueStack; // name of the semantic value stack // used by the generated parser static char s_locationValueStack[]; // name of the location value stack // used by the generated parser static char s_locationValue[]; // name of the location value variable // used by the generated parser (@0) static std::string s_stype; // generic semantic value for POLYMORPHIC static std::string const s_undefined; static ADmap s_single; static ADmap s_union; static ADmap s_polymorphic; using ActionBlockInstaller = void (Parser::*)(std::string const &ruleType, Production const &prod); static ActionBlockInstaller s_defaultAction[2][3][3]; public: Parser(Rules &rules); int parse(); void cleanup(); // do cleanup following parse(); StrStrMap releasePolymorphic(); private: void updateDefaultActionLineNr(); void checkField(std::string const &field); // see inc/typename static void warnDefaultAction(Production const &prod); void installDefaultAction(Production const &prod, std::string const &rhs); void defaultPolymorphicAction(Production const &prod); static std::string const &nameOf(std::string const &typeName); // ih // see s_defaultAction[] for details static int typeIndex(std::string const &typeName); // 0: "", // 1: s_stype // 2: other types // no action block is installed void blkNop(std::string const &ruleType, Production const &prod); // no action block + error message void blkErr(std::string const &ruleType, Production const &prod); // a $$ = STYPE_{} action block void blkSTYPE(std::string const &ruleType, Production const &prod); // a $$ = $1.get... action block void blkAssign(std::string const &ruleType, Production const &prod); // a $$ = $1 action block void blkDirect(std::string const &ruleType, Production const &prod); // with equal types: blkAssign, otherwise blkErr void blkCheck(std::string const &ruleType, Production const &prod); // warns that no action block is installed void blkNopW(std::string const &ruleType, Production const &prod); // warns and blkSTYPE void blkSTYPEW(std::string const &ruleType, Production const &prod); // warns and blkAssign void blkAssignW(std::string const &ruleType, Production const &prod); // warns and blkDirect void blkDirectW(std::string const &ruleType, Production const &prod); // with equal types blkAssignW, otherwise blkErr void blkCheckW(std::string const &ruleType, Production const &prod); std::ostream &stdWmsg(AtDollar const &atd) const; std::ostream &stdEmsg(AtDollar const &atd) const; void warnNegativeDollarIndices(AtDollar const &atd) const; int indexToOffset(int idx, int nElements) const; bool existingTag(AtDollar const &atd) const; // false and emsg if // not an existing tag void errNoUnionPtr(AtDollar const &atd); bool errNoTag(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool errIndexTooLarge(AtDollar const &atd, int nElements) const; void warnForceLSP(size_t lineNr) const; void warnMissingSemval() const; void substituteBlock(int nElements, Block &block); // replacement members (see also handleProductionElement) // the dval*Replace return true for midRule actions, // because that prevents the missingSemval warning. bool dvalReplace(bool midRule, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix); bool svsReplace(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix); bool dvalUnionReplace(bool midRule, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix); bool svsUnionReplace(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix); bool dvalPolyReplace(bool midRule, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix); bool svsPolyReplace(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix); bool svsUnionTagReplace(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix); bool svsPolyTagReplace(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix); // returns s_semanticValueStack[index]: std::string svsElement(int nElements, int nr) const; // nr, not index! // empty, or tag associated with a production rule's element // requires: nr > 0 std::string const &productionTag(int nr) const; // ih // $- and @-handlers // @@ bool loc(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); // @nr bool locEl(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); // Wrt the dval* functions below: // 'refByScanner' means that the syntax used $$, but the scanner // changed that into _$$. In those cases mid-action rules should issue // warnings if the terminal has an associated type. Otherwise, an // explicit _$$ was used and no warning needs to be issued. // mid-rule actions (nElements < 0) should not issue missing Semval // warnings This is realized by returning true if nElements < 0 // $$ bool dval(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool dvalUnion(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool dvalRefUnion(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool dvalPoly(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); // $$( bool dvalPar(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool dvalUnionPar(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool dvalPolyPar(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); // $$. bool dvalMem(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool dvalUnionMem(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool dvalPolyMem(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); // $$-> bool dvalPtr(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool dvalUnionPtr(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool dvalPolyPtr(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); // $nr _$nr $-nr _$-nr bool svs(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool svsUnion(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool svsRefUnion(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool svsPoly(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); // $nr. $-nr. bool svsMem(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool svsUnionMem(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool svsPolyMem(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); // $nr-> $-nr-> bool svsPtr(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool svsUnionPtr(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool svsPolyPtr(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); // $-nr bool svsUnionTag(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool svsPolyTag(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); // $-nr. bool svsUnionTagMem(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool svsPolyTagMem(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); // $-nr-> bool svsUnionTagPtr(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); bool svsPolyTagPtr(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd); // ================================================================ void defaultAction() const; // ih void constructorChecks() const; // ih void warnTagMismatches() const; // ih std::string warnAutoTag(bool midRule, AtDollar const &atd) const; void addPolymorphic(std::string const &tag, std::string const &typeSpec); void addIncludeQuotes(std::string *target); // ensure ".." or <..> // around target name void checkEmptyBlocktype(); // ih void checkFirstType(); Symbol *defineNonTerminal(std::string const &name, std::string const &stype); void definePathname(std::string *target); void defineTerminal(std::string const &name, Symbol::Type type); void defineTokenName(std::string const &name, bool hasValue); void expectRules(); void setExpectedConflicts(); // ih void setLocationDecl(); void setNegativeDollarIndices(); // ih STYPE_ setPrecedence(size_t type); void setUnionDecl(); size_t extractIndex(int *idx, size_t pos); size_t extractType(std::string *type, size_t pos, Block &block); STYPE_ handleProductionElements(STYPE_ &first, STYPE_ const &second); void handleProductionElement(STYPE_ &last); void installAction(Block &block); void multiplyDefined(Symbol const *sp); void nestedBlock(Block &block); // define inner block as pseudo N std::string nextHiddenName(); void setStart(); void setPolymorphicDecl(); void openRule(std::string const &ruleName); void predefine(Terminal const *terminal); // Used by Parser() to // pre-enter into d_symtab NonTerminal *requireNonTerminal(std::string const &name); Symbol *useSymbol(); Terminal *useTerminal(); void error(); // called on (syntax) errors void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc); // ih int lex(); // returns the next token from // ih // the lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc // ih // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextCycle_(); void nextToken_(); void print_(); // used in, e.g., handleDollar // to obtain # elements for // end- or mid-rule actions static int nComponents(int nElements); // ih }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svspoly.cc0000664000175000017500000000026114700504612015600 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $nr _$nr $-nr _$-nr bool Parser::svsPoly(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return svsPolyReplace(nElements, block, atd, ""); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/parser1.cc0000664000175000017500000000101314700504612015432 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" Parser::Parser(Rules &rules) : d_arg(Arg::instance()), d_options(Options::instance()), d_scanner(d_arg[0]), d_matched(d_scanner.matched()), d_rules(rules) { d_options.setMatched(d_matched); int debugMode = d_arg.option(0, "own-debug") ? ON : OFF; if (d_arg.option('a')) debugMode |= ACTIONCASES; setDebug(debugMode); d_scanner.setDebug(d_arg.option(0, "scanner-debug")); predefine(Rules::errorTerminal()); predefine(Rules::eofTerminal()); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svsuniontagptr.cc0000664000175000017500000000026514700504612017173 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $-nr. bool Parser::svsUnionTagPtr(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return svsUnionTagReplace(nElements, block, atd, "->"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/typeindex.cc0000664000175000017500000000032014700504612016066 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // static int Parser::typeIndex(string const &typeName) { return typeName.empty() ? 0 : typeName == s_stype ? 1 : 2; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/blkerr.cc0000664000175000017500000000043614700504612015346 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::blkErr(string const &ruleType, Production const &prod) { emsg << '`' << &prod << "': type conflict ($$: " << nameOf(ruleType) << ", $1: " << nameOf(prod[0].sType()) << "): cannot auto-append default action `$$ = $1'" << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/addpolymorphic.cc0000664000175000017500000000130014700504612017072 0ustar frankfrank#define XERR #include "parser.ih" namespace { char const *names[] = { "STYPE_", "END_TYPE_" }; unordered_set reserved{ names, names + size(names) }; } void Parser::addPolymorphic(string const &tag, string const &typeSpec) { if (d_semType != POLYMORPHIC) return; if (auto iter = reserved.find(tag); iter != reserved.end()) emsg << "Polymorphic type cannot be " << *iter << endl; else if (d_polymorphic.find(tag) != d_polymorphic.end()) emsg << "Polymorphic semantic tag `" << tag << "' multiply defined" << endl; else d_polymorphic[tag] = typeSpec; // d_polymorphic["END_TAG_"] = "" is set in 'expectRules' } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalmem.cc0000664000175000017500000000024314700504612015506 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $$. bool Parser::dvalMem(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return dvalReplace(nElements < 0, block, atd, "."); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/error.cc0000664000175000017500000000101014700504612015203 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::error() { static bool repeated; static string lastMsg; if (d_expect.empty()) { if (not repeated) emsg << "unrecognized input (`" << d_matched << "') encountered." << endl; repeated = true; } else { if (lastMsg != d_expect) emsg << "at `" << d_matched << "': " << d_expect << " expected." << endl; repeated = false; } lastMsg = d_expect; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svsuniontagreplace.cc0000664000175000017500000000045014700504612017775 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" bool Parser::svsUnionTagReplace(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix) { block.replace(atd.pos(), atd.length(), svsElement(nElements, atd.nr()) + "." + atd.tag() + suffix); return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/data.cc0000664000175000017500000001343514700504612015001 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" size_t Parser::s_nHidden; ostringstream Parser::s_hiddenName; string Parser::s_semanticValue {"d_val_"}; // name of the semantic value variable // used by the generated parser. string Parser::s_semanticValueStack {"vs_("}; // name of the semantic value stack // used by the generated parser char Parser::s_locationValueStack[] = "lsp_("; // name of the location value stack // used by the generated parser char Parser::s_locationValue[] = "d_loc_"; // name of the location value variable // used by the generated parser (@0) string Parser::s_stype = "STYPE_"; // generic semantic value for POLYMORPHIC string const Parser::s_undefined{""}; char const *Parser::s_autoTypeLabel[] = { 0, "field", "tag" }; Parser::ADmap Parser::s_single = { {AtDollar::AA, &Parser::loc}, // @@ {AtDollar::An, &Parser::locEl}, // @nr {AtDollar::DD, &Parser::dval}, // $$ {AtDollar::refDD, &Parser::dval}, // _$$ {AtDollar::DDm, &Parser::dvalMem}, // $$. {AtDollar::DDp, &Parser::dvalPtr}, // $$-> {AtDollar::Dn, &Parser::svs}, // $nr {AtDollar::refDn, &Parser::svs}, // _$nr {AtDollar::Dnm, &Parser::svsMem}, // $nr. {AtDollar::Dnp, &Parser::svsPtr}, // $nr-> {AtDollar::D_, &Parser::svs}, // $-nr {AtDollar::refD_, &Parser::svs}, // _$-nr {AtDollar::D_m, &Parser::svsMem}, // $-nr. {AtDollar::D_p, &Parser::svsPtr}, // $-nr-> {AtDollar::Dt_, &Parser::errNoTag}, // $-nr {AtDollar::Dt_m, &Parser::errNoTag}, // $-nr. {AtDollar::Dt_p, &Parser::errNoTag}, // $-nr-> {AtDollar::DDpar, &Parser::dvalPar}, // $$( }; Parser::ADmap Parser::s_union = { {AtDollar::AA, &Parser::loc}, // @@ {AtDollar::An, &Parser::locEl}, // @nr {AtDollar::DD, &Parser::dvalUnion}, // $$ {AtDollar::refDD, &Parser::dvalRefUnion}, // _$$ {AtDollar::DDm, &Parser::dvalUnionMem}, // $$. {AtDollar::DDp, &Parser::dvalUnionPtr}, // $$-> {AtDollar::Dn, &Parser::svsUnion}, // $nr {AtDollar::refDn, &Parser::svsRefUnion}, // _$nr {AtDollar::Dnm, &Parser::svsUnionMem}, // $nr. {AtDollar::Dnp, &Parser::svsUnionPtr}, // $nr-> {AtDollar::D_, &Parser::svs}, // $-nr {AtDollar::refD_, &Parser::svs}, // _$-nr {AtDollar::D_m, &Parser::svsMem}, // $-nr. {AtDollar::D_p, &Parser::svsPtr}, // $-nr-> {AtDollar::Dt_, &Parser::svsUnionTag}, // $-nr {AtDollar::Dt_m, &Parser::svsUnionTagMem}, // $-nr. {AtDollar::Dt_p, &Parser::svsUnionTagPtr}, // $-nr-> {AtDollar::DDpar, &Parser::dvalUnionPar}, // $$( }; Parser::ADmap Parser::s_polymorphic = { {AtDollar::AA, &Parser::loc}, // @@ {AtDollar::An, &Parser::locEl}, // @nr {AtDollar::DD, &Parser::dvalPoly}, // $$ {AtDollar::refDD, &Parser::dval}, // _$$ {AtDollar::DDm, &Parser::dvalPolyMem}, // $$. {AtDollar::DDp, &Parser::dvalPolyPtr}, // $$-> {AtDollar::Dn, &Parser::svsPoly}, // $nr {AtDollar::refDn, &Parser::svs}, // _$nr {AtDollar::Dnm, &Parser::svsPolyMem}, // $nr. {AtDollar::Dnp, &Parser::svsPolyPtr}, // $nr-> {AtDollar::D_, &Parser::svs}, // $-nr {AtDollar::refD_, &Parser::svs}, // _$-nr {AtDollar::D_m, &Parser::svsMem}, // $-nr. {AtDollar::D_p, &Parser::svsPtr}, // $-nr-> {AtDollar::Dt_, &Parser::svsPolyTag}, // $-nr {AtDollar::Dt_m, &Parser::svsPolyTagMem}, // $-nr. {AtDollar::Dt_p, &Parser::svsPolyTagPtr}, // $-nr-> {AtDollar::DDpar, &Parser::dvalPolyPar}, // $$( }; Parser::ActionBlockInstaller Parser::s_defaultAction[2][3][3] = { // QUIET { // LHS: RHS: { // "" "" s_stype other &Parser::blkNop, &Parser::blkErr, &Parser::blkErr }, { // s_stype &Parser::blkSTYPE, &Parser::blkDirect, &Parser::blkAssign }, { // other &Parser::blkErr, &Parser::blkErr, &Parser::blkCheck }, }, // WARN { // LHS: { // "" "" s_stype other &Parser::blkNopW, &Parser::blkErr, &Parser::blkErr }, { // s_stype &Parser::blkSTYPEW, &Parser::blkDirectW, &Parser::blkAssignW }, { // other &Parser::blkErr, &Parser::blkErr, &Parser::blkCheckW }, }, }; bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalpoly.cc0000664000175000017500000000034114700504612015712 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $$ bool Parser::dvalPoly(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { // < 0 means: mid-rule action return dvalPolyReplace(nElements < 0, block, atd, ""); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dval.cc0000664000175000017500000000026614700504612015014 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // _$$ bool Parser::dval(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { return dvalReplace(nElements < 0 && atd.refByScanner(), block, atd, ""); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/requirenonterminal.cc0000664000175000017500000000231614700504612020007 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" NonTerminal *Parser::requireNonTerminal(string const &name) { string stype; Symbol *sp = d_symtab.lookup(name); if (sp) { if (sp->isNonTerminal()) // Only ok if already defined return NonTerminal::downcast(sp); // as non-terminal if (sp->isUndetermined()) // assumed terminal earlier, { // turns out to be nonterm. stype = sp->sType(); d_symtab.erase(d_symtab.find(name)); // now all occurrences of the terminal in existing production rules // must be changed into nonterminals. Also, sp must be removed from rule's // terminal vector d_terminal } else { multiplyDefined(sp); return 0; } } NonTerminal *np = new NonTerminal(name, stype); // If not yet defined, define // it now as a non-terminal d_symtab.insert ( Symtab::value_type ( name, d_rules.insert(np) ) ); if (sp) d_rules.termToNonterm(sp, np); return np; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalunionmem.cc0000664000175000017500000000025514700504612016562 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $$. bool Parser::dvalUnionMem(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return dvalUnionReplace(nElements < 0, block, atd, "."); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/handleproductionelement.cc0000664000175000017500000000164414700504612021003 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // See also README.polymorphic-technical void Parser::handleProductionElement(STYPE_ &last) { // maybe also when currentRule == 0 ? See addProduction if (!d_rules.hasRules()) // may happen if the first rule could not be return; // defined because of token/rulename clash switch (last.tag()) { case Tag_::TERMINAL: d_rules.addElement(last.get()); checkFirstType(); break; case Tag_::SYMBOL: d_rules.addElement(last.get()); checkFirstType(); break; case Tag_::BLOCK: installAction(last.get()); break; case Tag_::END_TAG_: checkFirstType(); return; default: // can't occur, but prevents a warning break; // from the compiler } } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/parse.cc0000664000175000017500000020015114771271011015175 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V6.09.01 on Thu, 27 Mar 2025 16:43:04 +0100 // base/comment // $insert class.ih #include "parser.ih" // The FIRST element of SR arrays shown below uses `d_type', defining the // state's type, and `d_lastIdx' containing the last element's index. If // d_lastIdx contains the REQ_TOKEN bitflag (see below) then the state needs // a token: if in this state d_token is Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_, nextToken() will be // called // The LAST element of SR arrays uses `d_token' containing the last retrieved // token to speed up the (linear) seach. Except for the first element of SR // arrays, the field `d_action' is used to determine what to do next. If // positive, it represents the next state (used with SHIFT); if zero, it // indicates `ACCEPT', if negative, -d_action represents the number of the // rule to reduce to. // `lookup()' tries to find d_token in the current SR array. If it fails, and // there is no default reduction UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_ is thrown, which is then // caught by the error-recovery function. // The error-recovery function will pop elements off the stack until a state // having bit flag ERR_ITEM is found. This state has a transition on errTok_ // which is applied. In this errTok_ state, while the current token is not a // proper continuation, new tokens are obtained by nextToken(). If such a // token is found, error recovery is successful and the token is // handled according to the error state's SR table and parsing continues. // During error recovery semantic actions are ignored. // A state flagged with the DEF_RED flag will perform a default // reduction if no other continuations are available for the current token. // The ACCEPT STATE never shows a default reduction: when it is reached the // parser returns ACCEPT(). During the grammar // analysis phase a default reduction may have been defined, but it is // removed during the state-definition phase. // So: // s_x[] = // { // [_field_1_] [_field_2_] // // First element: {state-type, idx of last element}, // Other elements: {required token, action to perform}, // ( < 0: reduce, // 0: ACCEPT, // > 0: next state) // } // base/declarations namespace // anonymous { char const author[] = "Frank B. Brokken (f.b.brokken@rug.nl)"; enum Reserved_ { UNDETERMINED_ = -2, EOF_ = -1, errTok_ = 256 }; enum StateType // modify statetype/data.cc when this enum changes { NORMAL, ERR_ITEM, REQ_TOKEN, ERR_REQ, // ERR_ITEM | REQ_TOKEN DEF_RED, // state having default reduction ERR_DEF, // ERR_ITEM | DEF_RED REQ_DEF, // REQ_TOKEN | DEF_RED ERR_REQ_DEF // ERR_ITEM | REQ_TOKEN | DEF_RED }; inline bool operator&(StateType lhs, StateType rhs) { return (static_cast(lhs) & rhs) != 0; } enum StateTransition { ACCEPT_ = 0, // `ACCEPT' TRANSITION }; struct PI_ // Production Info { size_t d_nonTerm; // identification number of this production's // non-terminal size_t d_size; // number of elements in this production }; struct SR_ // Shift Reduce info, see its description above { union { int _field_1_; // initializer, allowing initializations // of the SR s_[] arrays StateType d_type; int d_token; }; union { int _field_2_; int d_lastIdx; // if negative, the state uses SHIFT int d_action; // may be negative (reduce), // postive (shift), or 0 (accept) }; }; // $insert staticdata enum // size to expand the state-stack with when { // full STACK_EXPANSION_ = 10 }; // Productions Info Records: PI_ const s_productionInfo[] = { {0, 0}, // not used: reduction values are negative {313, 4}, // 1: input -> directives _two_percents rules optTwo_percents {315, 1}, // 2: _two_percents (TWO_PERCENTS) -> TWO_PERCENTS {318, 1}, // 3: identifier (IDENTIFIER) -> IDENTIFIER {319, 3}, // 4: typename ('<') -> '<' identifier '>' {320, 1}, // 5: optComma (',') -> ',' {320, 0}, // 6: optComma -> {321, 1}, // 7: optNumber (NUMBER) -> NUMBER {321, 0}, // 8: optNumber -> {322, 1}, // 9: optSemiCol (';') -> ';' {322, 0}, // 10: optSemiCol -> {323, 0}, // 11: _tokenname -> {324, 2}, // 12: optTypename -> typename _tokenname {324, 1}, // 13: optTypename -> _tokenname {317, 1}, // 14: optTwo_percents (TWO_PERCENTS) -> TWO_PERCENTS {317, 0}, // 15: optTwo_percents -> {325, 1}, // 16: _baseclass_header (BASECLASS_HEADER) -> BASECLASS_HEADER {326, 1}, // 17: _baseclass_preinclude (BASECLASS_PREINCLUDE) -> BASECLASS_PREINCLUDE {327, 1}, // 18: _class_header (CLASS_HEADER) -> CLASS_HEADER {328, 1}, // 19: _class_name (CLASS_NAME) -> CLASS_NAME {329, 1}, // 20: _expect (EXPECT) -> EXPECT {330, 1}, // 21: _filenames (FILENAMES) -> FILENAMES {331, 1}, // 22: _implementation_header (IMPLEMENTATION_HEADER) -> IMPLEMENTATION_HEADER {332, 0}, // 23: _incrementPrecedence -> {333, 2}, // 24: _left (LEFT) -> LEFT _typesymbol {335, 1}, // 25: _locationstruct (LOCATIONSTRUCT) -> LOCATIONSTRUCT {336, 1}, // 26: _ltype (LTYPE) -> LTYPE {337, 1}, // 27: _namespace (NAMESPACE) -> NAMESPACE {338, 2}, // 28: _nonassoc (NONASSOC) -> NONASSOC _typesymbol {339, 1}, // 29: _parsefun_source (PARSEFUN_SOURCE) -> PARSEFUN_SOURCE {340, 0}, // 30: _pushPrecedence -> {341, 1}, // 31: _required (REQUIRED) -> REQUIRED {342, 2}, // 32: _right (RIGHT) -> RIGHT _typesymbol {343, 1}, // 33: _scanner (SCANNER) -> SCANNER {344, 1}, // 34: _scanner_class_name (SCANNER_CLASS_NAME) -> SCANNER_CLASS_NAME {345, 1}, // 35: _scanner_token_function (SCANNER_TOKEN_FUNCTION) -> SCANNER_TOKEN_FUNCTION {346, 1}, // 36: _scanner_matched_text_function (SCANNER_MATCHED_TEXT_FUNCTION) -> SCANNER_MATCHED_TEXT_FUNCTION {347, 1}, // 37: _stack_expansion (STACK_EXPANSION) -> STACK_EXPANSION {348, 1}, // 38: _start (START) -> START {349, 0}, // 39: _symbol_exp -> {350, 1}, // 40: _symbol (QUOTE) -> QUOTE {350, 2}, // 41: _symbol -> identifier optNumber {351, 3}, // 42: _symbolList -> _symbolList optComma _symbol {351, 1}, // 43: _symbolList -> _symbol {352, 3}, // 44: _symbols -> _symbol_exp _symbolList optSemiCol {353, 1}, // 45: _target_directory (TARGET_DIRECTORY) -> TARGET_DIRECTORY {354, 1}, // 46: _type (TYPE) -> TYPE {355, 1}, // 47: _stype (STYPE) -> STYPE {334, 0}, // 48: _typesymbol -> {356, 2}, // 49: _token (TOKEN) -> TOKEN _typesymbol {357, 1}, // 50: _token_class (TOKEN_CLASS) -> TOKEN_CLASS {358, 1}, // 51: _token_namespace (TOKEN_NAMESPACE) -> TOKEN_NAMESPACE {359, 1}, // 52: _token_path (TOKEN_PATH) -> TOKEN_PATH {360, 1}, // 53: _union (UNION) -> UNION {361, 1}, // 54: _default_actions (DEFAULT_ACTIONS) -> DEFAULT_ACTIONS {362, 1}, // 55: _constructor_checks (CONSTRUCTOR_CHECKS) -> CONSTRUCTOR_CHECKS {363, 1}, // 56: _tag_mismatches (WARN_TAGS) -> WARN_TAGS {364, 1}, // 57: _polymorphic (POLYMORPHIC) -> POLYMORPHIC {365, 1}, // 58: _typespec (':') -> ':' {366, 3}, // 59: _polyspec -> identifier _typespec identifier {367, 3}, // 60: _polyspecs (';') -> _polyspecs ';' _polyspec {367, 1}, // 61: _polyspecs -> _polyspec {368, 2}, // 62: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _baseclass_header STRING {368, 2}, // 63: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _baseclass_preinclude STRING {368, 2}, // 64: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _class_header STRING {368, 2}, // 65: _directiveSpec (IDENTIFIER) -> _class_name IDENTIFIER {368, 1}, // 66: _directiveSpec (DEBUGFLAG) -> DEBUGFLAG {368, 1}, // 67: _directiveSpec (PROMPT) -> PROMPT {368, 1}, // 68: _directiveSpec (THREAD_SAFE) -> THREAD_SAFE {368, 1}, // 69: _directiveSpec (ERROR_VERBOSE) -> ERROR_VERBOSE {368, 2}, // 70: _directiveSpec (NUMBER) -> _expect NUMBER {368, 2}, // 71: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _filenames STRING {368, 1}, // 72: _directiveSpec (FLEX) -> FLEX {368, 2}, // 73: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _implementation_header STRING {368, 4}, // 74: _directiveSpec -> _left _incrementPrecedence optTypename _symbols {368, 3}, // 75: _directiveSpec (BLOCK) -> _locationstruct BLOCK optSemiCol {368, 1}, // 76: _directiveSpec (LSP_NEEDED) -> LSP_NEEDED {368, 2}, // 77: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _ltype STRING {368, 2}, // 78: _directiveSpec (IDENTIFIER) -> _namespace IDENTIFIER {368, 1}, // 79: _directiveSpec (NEG_DOLLAR) -> NEG_DOLLAR {368, 1}, // 80: _directiveSpec (NOLINES) -> NOLINES {368, 4}, // 81: _directiveSpec -> _nonassoc _incrementPrecedence optTypename _symbols {368, 2}, // 82: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _parsefun_source STRING {368, 1}, // 83: _directiveSpec (PRINT_TOKENS) -> PRINT_TOKENS {368, 2}, // 84: _directiveSpec (NUMBER) -> _required NUMBER {368, 4}, // 85: _directiveSpec -> _right _incrementPrecedence optTypename _symbols {368, 2}, // 86: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _scanner STRING {368, 2}, // 87: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _scanner_class_name STRING {368, 2}, // 88: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _scanner_token_function STRING {368, 2}, // 89: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _scanner_matched_text_function STRING {368, 2}, // 90: _directiveSpec (NUMBER) -> _stack_expansion NUMBER {368, 2}, // 91: _directiveSpec (IDENTIFIER) -> _start IDENTIFIER {368, 2}, // 92: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _stype STRING {368, 2}, // 93: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _target_directory STRING {368, 4}, // 94: _directiveSpec -> _token optTypename _pushPrecedence _symbols {368, 2}, // 95: _directiveSpec (IDENTIFIER) -> _token_class IDENTIFIER {368, 2}, // 96: _directiveSpec (IDENTIFIER) -> _token_namespace IDENTIFIER {368, 2}, // 97: _directiveSpec (STRING) -> _token_path STRING {368, 3}, // 98: _directiveSpec -> _type typename _symbols {368, 3}, // 99: _directiveSpec (BLOCK) -> _union BLOCK optSemiCol {368, 2}, // 100: _directiveSpec (IDENTIFIER) -> _default_actions IDENTIFIER {368, 2}, // 101: _directiveSpec (IDENTIFIER) -> _constructor_checks IDENTIFIER {368, 3}, // 102: _directiveSpec -> _polymorphic _polyspecs optSemiCol {368, 1}, // 103: _directiveSpec (WEAK_TAGS) -> WEAK_TAGS {368, 2}, // 104: _directiveSpec (IDENTIFIER) -> _tag_mismatches IDENTIFIER {368, 1}, // 105: _directiveSpec (errTok_) -> errTok_ {369, 1}, // 106: _directive -> _directiveSpec {314, 2}, // 107: directives -> directives _directive {314, 0}, // 108: directives -> {370, 1}, // 109: _precSpec (IDENTIFIER) -> IDENTIFIER {370, 1}, // 110: _precSpec (QUOTE) -> QUOTE {371, 1}, // 111: _productionElement (QUOTE) -> QUOTE {371, 1}, // 112: _productionElement (IDENTIFIER) -> IDENTIFIER {371, 1}, // 113: _productionElement (BLOCK) -> BLOCK {371, 2}, // 114: _productionElement (PREC) -> PREC _precSpec {372, 2}, // 115: _productionElements -> _productionElements _productionElement {372, 1}, // 116: _productionElements -> _productionElement {373, 1}, // 117: _production -> _productionElements {373, 0}, // 118: _production -> {374, 1}, // 119: _productionSeparator ('|') -> '|' {375, 3}, // 120: _productionList -> _productionList _productionSeparator _production {375, 1}, // 121: _productionList -> _production {376, 2}, // 122: _ruleName (':') -> identifier ':' {377, 3}, // 123: _rule (';') -> _ruleName _productionList ';' {316, 2}, // 124: rules -> rules _rule {316, 0}, // 125: rules -> {378, 1}, // 126: input_$ -> input }; // State info and SR_ transitions for each state. SR_ s_0[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 3} }, { { 313}, { 1} }, // input { { 314}, { 2} }, // directives { { 0}, { -108} }, }; SR_ s_1[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { EOF_}, { ACCEPT_} }, { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_2[] = { { { ERR_REQ}, { 82} }, { { 315}, { 3} }, // _two_percents { { 369}, { 4} }, // _directive { { 297}, { 5} }, // TWO_PERCENTS { { 368}, { 6} }, // _directiveSpec { { 325}, { 7} }, // _baseclass_header { { 326}, { 8} }, // _baseclass_preinclude { { 327}, { 9} }, // _class_header { { 328}, { 10} }, // _class_name { { 263}, { 11} }, // DEBUGFLAG { { 302}, { 12} }, // PROMPT { { 303}, { 13} }, // THREAD_SAFE { { 265}, { 14} }, // ERROR_VERBOSE { { 329}, { 15} }, // _expect { { 330}, { 16} }, // _filenames { { 268}, { 17} }, // FLEX { { 331}, { 18} }, // _implementation_header { { 333}, { 19} }, // _left { { 335}, { 20} }, // _locationstruct { { 273}, { 21} }, // LSP_NEEDED { { 336}, { 22} }, // _ltype { { 337}, { 23} }, // _namespace { { 276}, { 24} }, // NEG_DOLLAR { { 277}, { 25} }, // NOLINES { { 338}, { 26} }, // _nonassoc { { 339}, { 27} }, // _parsefun_source { { 283}, { 28} }, // PRINT_TOKENS { { 341}, { 29} }, // _required { { 342}, { 30} }, // _right { { 343}, { 31} }, // _scanner { { 344}, { 32} }, // _scanner_class_name { { 345}, { 33} }, // _scanner_token_function { { 346}, { 34} }, // _scanner_matched_text_function { { 347}, { 35} }, // _stack_expansion { { 348}, { 36} }, // _start { { 355}, { 37} }, // _stype { { 353}, { 38} }, // _target_directory { { 356}, { 39} }, // _token { { 357}, { 40} }, // _token_class { { 358}, { 41} }, // _token_namespace { { 359}, { 42} }, // _token_path { { 354}, { 43} }, // _type { { 360}, { 44} }, // _union { { 361}, { 45} }, // _default_actions { { 362}, { 46} }, // _constructor_checks { { 364}, { 47} }, // _polymorphic { { 301}, { 48} }, // WEAK_TAGS { { 363}, { 49} }, // _tag_mismatches { { errTok_}, { 50} }, // errTok_ { { 257}, { 51} }, // BASECLASS_HEADER { { 258}, { 52} }, // BASECLASS_PREINCLUDE { { 260}, { 53} }, // CLASS_HEADER { { 261}, { 54} }, // CLASS_NAME { { 266}, { 55} }, // EXPECT { { 267}, { 56} }, // FILENAMES { { 270}, { 57} }, // IMPLEMENTATION_HEADER { { 271}, { 58} }, // LEFT { { 272}, { 59} }, // LOCATIONSTRUCT { { 274}, { 60} }, // LTYPE { { 275}, { 61} }, // NAMESPACE { { 278}, { 62} }, // NONASSOC { { 280}, { 63} }, // PARSEFUN_SOURCE { { 285}, { 64} }, // REQUIRED { { 286}, { 65} }, // RIGHT { { 287}, { 66} }, // SCANNER { { 288}, { 67} }, // SCANNER_CLASS_NAME { { 290}, { 68} }, // SCANNER_TOKEN_FUNCTION { { 289}, { 69} }, // SCANNER_MATCHED_TEXT_FUNCTION { { 291}, { 70} }, // STACK_EXPANSION { { 292}, { 71} }, // START { { 294}, { 72} }, // STYPE { { 295}, { 73} }, // TARGET_DIRECTORY { { 296}, { 74} }, // TOKEN { { 304}, { 75} }, // TOKEN_CLASS { { 305}, { 76} }, // TOKEN_NAMESPACE { { 306}, { 77} }, // TOKEN_PATH { { 298}, { 78} }, // TYPE { { 299}, { 79} }, // UNION { { 264}, { 80} }, // DEFAULT_ACTIONS { { 262}, { 81} }, // CONSTRUCTOR_CHECKS { { 281}, { 82} }, // POLYMORPHIC { { 300}, { 83} }, // WARN_TAGS { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_3[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 2} }, { { 316}, { 84} }, // rules { { 0}, { -125} }, }; SR_ s_4[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -107} }, }; SR_ s_5[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -2} }, }; SR_ s_6[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -106} }, }; SR_ s_7[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 85} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_8[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 86} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_9[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 87} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_10[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 269}, { 88} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_11[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -66} }, }; SR_ s_12[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -67} }, }; SR_ s_13[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -68} }, }; SR_ s_14[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -69} }, }; SR_ s_15[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 279}, { 89} }, // NUMBER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_16[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 90} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_17[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -72} }, }; SR_ s_18[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 91} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_19[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 2} }, { { 332}, { 92} }, // _incrementPrecedence { { 0}, { -23} }, }; SR_ s_20[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 259}, { 93} }, // BLOCK { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_21[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -76} }, }; SR_ s_22[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 94} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_23[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 269}, { 95} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_24[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -79} }, }; SR_ s_25[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -80} }, }; SR_ s_26[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 2} }, { { 332}, { 96} }, // _incrementPrecedence { { 0}, { -23} }, }; SR_ s_27[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 97} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_28[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -83} }, }; SR_ s_29[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 279}, { 98} }, // NUMBER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_30[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 2} }, { { 332}, { 99} }, // _incrementPrecedence { { 0}, { -23} }, }; SR_ s_31[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 100} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_32[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 101} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_33[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 102} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_34[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 103} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_35[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 279}, { 104} }, // NUMBER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_36[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 269}, { 105} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_37[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 106} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_38[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 107} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_39[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 5} }, { { 324}, { 108} }, // optTypename { { 319}, { 109} }, // typename { { 323}, { 110} }, // _tokenname { { 60}, { 111} }, // '<' { { 0}, { -11} }, }; SR_ s_40[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 269}, { 112} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_41[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 269}, { 113} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_42[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 293}, { 114} }, // STRING { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_43[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 3} }, { { 319}, { 115} }, // typename { { 60}, { 111} }, // '<' { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_44[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 259}, { 116} }, // BLOCK { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_45[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 269}, { 117} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_46[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 269}, { 118} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_47[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 5} }, { { 367}, { 119} }, // _polyspecs { { 366}, { 120} }, // _polyspec { { 318}, { 121} }, // identifier { { 269}, { 122} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_48[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -103} }, }; SR_ s_49[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 269}, { 123} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_50[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -105} }, }; SR_ s_51[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -16} }, }; SR_ s_52[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -17} }, }; SR_ s_53[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -18} }, }; SR_ s_54[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -19} }, }; SR_ s_55[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -20} }, }; SR_ s_56[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -21} }, }; SR_ s_57[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -22} }, }; SR_ s_58[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 2} }, { { 334}, { 124} }, // _typesymbol { { 0}, { -48} }, }; SR_ s_59[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -25} }, }; SR_ s_60[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -26} }, }; SR_ s_61[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -27} }, }; SR_ s_62[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 2} }, { { 334}, { 125} }, // _typesymbol { { 0}, { -48} }, }; SR_ s_63[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -29} }, }; SR_ s_64[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -31} }, }; SR_ s_65[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 2} }, { { 334}, { 126} }, // _typesymbol { { 0}, { -48} }, }; SR_ s_66[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -33} }, }; SR_ s_67[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -34} }, }; SR_ s_68[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -35} }, }; SR_ s_69[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -36} }, }; SR_ s_70[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -37} }, }; SR_ s_71[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -38} }, }; SR_ s_72[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -47} }, }; SR_ s_73[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -45} }, }; SR_ s_74[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 2} }, { { 334}, { 127} }, // _typesymbol { { 0}, { -48} }, }; SR_ s_75[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -50} }, }; SR_ s_76[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -51} }, }; SR_ s_77[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -52} }, }; SR_ s_78[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -46} }, }; SR_ s_79[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -53} }, }; SR_ s_80[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -54} }, }; SR_ s_81[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -55} }, }; SR_ s_82[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -57} }, }; SR_ s_83[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -56} }, }; SR_ s_84[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 7} }, { { 317}, { 128} }, // optTwo_percents { { 377}, { 129} }, // _rule { { 297}, { 130} }, // TWO_PERCENTS { { 376}, { 131} }, // _ruleName { { 318}, { 132} }, // identifier { { 269}, { 122} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { -15} }, }; SR_ s_85[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -62} }, }; SR_ s_86[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -63} }, }; SR_ s_87[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -64} }, }; SR_ s_88[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -65} }, }; SR_ s_89[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -70} }, }; SR_ s_90[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -71} }, }; SR_ s_91[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -73} }, }; SR_ s_92[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 5} }, { { 324}, { 133} }, // optTypename { { 319}, { 109} }, // typename { { 323}, { 110} }, // _tokenname { { 60}, { 111} }, // '<' { { 0}, { -11} }, }; SR_ s_93[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 3} }, { { 322}, { 134} }, // optSemiCol { { 59}, { 135} }, // ';' { { 0}, { -10} }, }; SR_ s_94[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -77} }, }; SR_ s_95[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -78} }, }; SR_ s_96[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 5} }, { { 324}, { 136} }, // optTypename { { 319}, { 109} }, // typename { { 323}, { 110} }, // _tokenname { { 60}, { 111} }, // '<' { { 0}, { -11} }, }; SR_ s_97[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -82} }, }; SR_ s_98[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -84} }, }; SR_ s_99[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 5} }, { { 324}, { 137} }, // optTypename { { 319}, { 109} }, // typename { { 323}, { 110} }, // _tokenname { { 60}, { 111} }, // '<' { { 0}, { -11} }, }; SR_ s_100[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -86} }, }; SR_ s_101[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -87} }, }; SR_ s_102[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -88} }, }; SR_ s_103[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -89} }, }; SR_ s_104[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -90} }, }; SR_ s_105[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -91} }, }; SR_ s_106[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -92} }, }; SR_ s_107[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -93} }, }; SR_ s_108[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 2} }, { { 340}, { 138} }, // _pushPrecedence { { 0}, { -30} }, }; SR_ s_109[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 2} }, { { 323}, { 139} }, // _tokenname { { 0}, { -11} }, }; SR_ s_110[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -13} }, }; SR_ s_111[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 3} }, { { 318}, { 140} }, // identifier { { 269}, { 122} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_112[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -95} }, }; SR_ s_113[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -96} }, }; SR_ s_114[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -97} }, }; SR_ s_115[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 3} }, { { 352}, { 141} }, // _symbols { { 349}, { 142} }, // _symbol_exp { { 0}, { -39} }, }; SR_ s_116[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 3} }, { { 322}, { 143} }, // optSemiCol { { 59}, { 135} }, // ';' { { 0}, { -10} }, }; SR_ s_117[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -100} }, }; SR_ s_118[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -101} }, }; SR_ s_119[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 3} }, { { 322}, { 144} }, // optSemiCol { { 59}, { 145} }, // ';' { { 0}, { -10} }, }; SR_ s_120[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -61} }, }; SR_ s_121[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 3} }, { { 365}, { 146} }, // _typespec { { 58}, { 147} }, // ':' { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_122[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -3} }, }; SR_ s_123[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -104} }, }; SR_ s_124[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -24} }, }; SR_ s_125[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -28} }, }; SR_ s_126[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -32} }, }; SR_ s_127[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -49} }, }; SR_ s_128[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -1} }, }; SR_ s_129[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -124} }, }; SR_ s_130[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -14} }, }; SR_ s_131[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 9} }, { { 375}, { 148} }, // _productionList { { 373}, { 149} }, // _production { { 372}, { 150} }, // _productionElements { { 371}, { 151} }, // _productionElement { { 284}, { 152} }, // QUOTE { { 269}, { 153} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 259}, { 154} }, // BLOCK { { 282}, { 155} }, // PREC { { 0}, { -118} }, }; SR_ s_132[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 58}, { 156} }, // ':' { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_133[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 3} }, { { 352}, { 157} }, // _symbols { { 349}, { 142} }, // _symbol_exp { { 0}, { -39} }, }; SR_ s_134[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -75} }, }; SR_ s_135[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -9} }, }; SR_ s_136[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 3} }, { { 352}, { 158} }, // _symbols { { 349}, { 142} }, // _symbol_exp { { 0}, { -39} }, }; SR_ s_137[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 3} }, { { 352}, { 159} }, // _symbols { { 349}, { 142} }, // _symbol_exp { { 0}, { -39} }, }; SR_ s_138[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 3} }, { { 352}, { 160} }, // _symbols { { 349}, { 142} }, // _symbol_exp { { 0}, { -39} }, }; SR_ s_139[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -12} }, }; SR_ s_140[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 2} }, { { 62}, { 161} }, // '>' { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_141[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -98} }, }; SR_ s_142[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 6} }, { { 351}, { 162} }, // _symbolList { { 350}, { 163} }, // _symbol { { 284}, { 164} }, // QUOTE { { 318}, { 165} }, // identifier { { 269}, { 122} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_143[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -99} }, }; SR_ s_144[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -102} }, }; SR_ s_145[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 4} }, { { 366}, { 166} }, // _polyspec { { 318}, { 121} }, // identifier { { 269}, { 122} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { -9} }, }; SR_ s_146[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 3} }, { { 318}, { 167} }, // identifier { { 269}, { 122} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_147[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -58} }, }; SR_ s_148[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 4} }, { { 59}, { 168} }, // ';' { { 374}, { 169} }, // _productionSeparator { { 124}, { 170} }, // '|' { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_149[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -121} }, }; SR_ s_150[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 6} }, { { 371}, { 171} }, // _productionElement { { 284}, { 152} }, // QUOTE { { 269}, { 153} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 259}, { 154} }, // BLOCK { { 282}, { 155} }, // PREC { { 0}, { -117} }, }; SR_ s_151[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -116} }, }; SR_ s_152[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -111} }, }; SR_ s_153[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -112} }, }; SR_ s_154[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -113} }, }; SR_ s_155[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 4} }, { { 370}, { 172} }, // _precSpec { { 269}, { 173} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 284}, { 174} }, // QUOTE { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_156[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -122} }, }; SR_ s_157[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -74} }, }; SR_ s_158[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -81} }, }; SR_ s_159[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -85} }, }; SR_ s_160[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -94} }, }; SR_ s_161[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -4} }, }; SR_ s_162[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 50} }, { { 322}, { 175} }, // optSemiCol { { 320}, { 176} }, // optComma { { 59}, { 135} }, // ';' { { 44}, { 177} }, // ',' { { errTok_}, { -10} }, // errTok_ { { 257}, { -10} }, // BASECLASS_HEADER { { 258}, { -10} }, // BASECLASS_PREINCLUDE { { 260}, { -10} }, // CLASS_HEADER { { 261}, { -10} }, // CLASS_NAME { { 262}, { -10} }, // CONSTRUCTOR_CHECKS { { 263}, { -10} }, // DEBUGFLAG { { 264}, { -10} }, // DEFAULT_ACTIONS { { 265}, { -10} }, // ERROR_VERBOSE { { 266}, { -10} }, // EXPECT { { 267}, { -10} }, // FILENAMES { { 268}, { -10} }, // FLEX { { 285}, { -10} }, // REQUIRED { { 270}, { -10} }, // IMPLEMENTATION_HEADER { { 271}, { -10} }, // LEFT { { 272}, { -10} }, // LOCATIONSTRUCT { { 273}, { -10} }, // LSP_NEEDED { { 274}, { -10} }, // LTYPE { { 275}, { -10} }, // NAMESPACE { { 276}, { -10} }, // NEG_DOLLAR { { 277}, { -10} }, // NOLINES { { 278}, { -10} }, // NONASSOC { { 280}, { -10} }, // PARSEFUN_SOURCE { { 281}, { -10} }, // POLYMORPHIC { { 283}, { -10} }, // PRINT_TOKENS { { 286}, { -10} }, // RIGHT { { 287}, { -10} }, // SCANNER { { 288}, { -10} }, // SCANNER_CLASS_NAME { { 289}, { -10} }, // SCANNER_MATCHED_TEXT_FUNCTION { { 290}, { -10} }, // SCANNER_TOKEN_FUNCTION { { 291}, { -10} }, // STACK_EXPANSION { { 292}, { -10} }, // START { { 294}, { -10} }, // STYPE { { 295}, { -10} }, // TARGET_DIRECTORY { { 296}, { -10} }, // TOKEN { { 297}, { -10} }, // TWO_PERCENTS { { 298}, { -10} }, // TYPE { { 299}, { -10} }, // UNION { { 300}, { -10} }, // WARN_TAGS { { 301}, { -10} }, // WEAK_TAGS { { 302}, { -10} }, // PROMPT { { 303}, { -10} }, // THREAD_SAFE { { 304}, { -10} }, // TOKEN_CLASS { { 305}, { -10} }, // TOKEN_NAMESPACE { { 306}, { -10} }, // TOKEN_PATH { { 0}, { -6} }, }; SR_ s_163[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -43} }, }; SR_ s_164[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -40} }, }; SR_ s_165[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 3} }, { { 321}, { 178} }, // optNumber { { 279}, { 179} }, // NUMBER { { 0}, { -8} }, }; SR_ s_166[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -60} }, }; SR_ s_167[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -59} }, }; SR_ s_168[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -123} }, }; SR_ s_169[] = { { { REQ_DEF}, { 8} }, { { 373}, { 180} }, // _production { { 372}, { 150} }, // _productionElements { { 371}, { 151} }, // _productionElement { { 284}, { 152} }, // QUOTE { { 269}, { 153} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 259}, { 154} }, // BLOCK { { 282}, { 155} }, // PREC { { 0}, { -118} }, }; SR_ s_170[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -119} }, }; SR_ s_171[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -115} }, }; SR_ s_172[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -114} }, }; SR_ s_173[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -109} }, }; SR_ s_174[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -110} }, }; SR_ s_175[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -44} }, }; SR_ s_176[] = { { { REQ_TOKEN}, { 5} }, { { 350}, { 181} }, // _symbol { { 284}, { 164} }, // QUOTE { { 318}, { 165} }, // identifier { { 269}, { 122} }, // IDENTIFIER { { 0}, { 0} }, }; SR_ s_177[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -5} }, }; SR_ s_178[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -41} }, }; SR_ s_179[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -7} }, }; SR_ s_180[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -120} }, }; SR_ s_181[] = { { { DEF_RED}, { 1} }, { { 0}, { -42} }, }; // State array: SR_ *s_state[] = { s_0, s_1, s_2, s_3, s_4, s_5, s_6, s_7, s_8, s_9, s_10, s_11, s_12, s_13, s_14, s_15, s_16, s_17, s_18, s_19, s_20, s_21, s_22, s_23, s_24, s_25, s_26, s_27, s_28, s_29, s_30, s_31, s_32, s_33, s_34, s_35, s_36, s_37, s_38, s_39, s_40, s_41, s_42, s_43, s_44, s_45, s_46, s_47, s_48, s_49, s_50, s_51, s_52, s_53, s_54, s_55, s_56, s_57, s_58, s_59, s_60, s_61, s_62, s_63, s_64, s_65, s_66, s_67, s_68, s_69, s_70, s_71, s_72, s_73, s_74, s_75, s_76, s_77, s_78, s_79, s_80, s_81, s_82, s_83, s_84, s_85, s_86, s_87, s_88, s_89, s_90, s_91, s_92, s_93, s_94, s_95, s_96, s_97, s_98, s_99, s_100, s_101, s_102, s_103, s_104, s_105, s_106, s_107, s_108, s_109, s_110, s_111, s_112, s_113, s_114, s_115, s_116, s_117, s_118, s_119, s_120, s_121, s_122, s_123, s_124, s_125, s_126, s_127, s_128, s_129, s_130, s_131, s_132, s_133, s_134, s_135, s_136, s_137, s_138, s_139, s_140, s_141, s_142, s_143, s_144, s_145, s_146, s_147, s_148, s_149, s_150, s_151, s_152, s_153, s_154, s_155, s_156, s_157, s_158, s_159, s_160, s_161, s_162, s_163, s_164, s_165, s_166, s_167, s_168, s_169, s_170, s_171, s_172, s_173, s_174, s_175, s_176, s_177, s_178, s_179, s_180, s_181, }; } // anonymous namespace ends // $insert polymorphicCode namespace Meta_ { size_t const *t_nErrors; // $insert idoftag char const *idOfTag_[] = { "SYMBOL", "TERMINAL", "BLOCK", "TEXT", "SIZE_T", "BOOL", "EndPolyType_" }; size_t const *s_nErrors_; Base::~Base() {} } // namespace Meta_ // If the parsing function call (i.e., parse()' needs arguments, then provide // an overloaded function. The code below doesn't rely on parameters, so no // arguments are required. Furthermore, parse uses a function try block to // allow us to do ACCEPT and ABORT from anywhere, even from within members // called by actions, simply throwing the appropriate exceptions. // base/base1 ParserBase::ParserBase() : d_token(Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_), // $insert baseclasscode d_requiredTokens_(0) { Meta_::t_nErrors = &d_nErrors_; } // base/clearin void ParserBase::clearin_() { d_nErrors_ = 0; d_stackIdx = -1; d_stateStack.clear(); d_token = Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_; d_next = TokenPair{ Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_, STYPE_{} }; d_recovery = false; d_acceptedTokens_ = d_requiredTokens_; d_val_ = STYPE_{}; push_(0); } // base/debugfunctions void ParserBase::setDebug(bool mode) { d_actionCases_ = false; d_debug_ = mode; } void ParserBase::setDebug(DebugMode_ mode) { d_actionCases_ = mode & ACTIONCASES; d_debug_ = mode & ON; } // base/lex void ParserBase::lex_(int token) { d_token = token; if (d_token <= 0) d_token = Reserved_::EOF_; d_terminalToken = true; } // base/lookup int ParserBase::lookup_() const { // if the final transition is negative, then we should reduce by the rule // given by its positive value. SR_ const *sr = s_state[d_state]; SR_ const *last = sr + sr->d_lastIdx; for ( ; ++sr != last; ) // visit all but the last SR entries { if (sr->d_token == d_token) return sr->d_action; } if (sr == last) // reached the last element { if (sr->d_action < 0) // default reduction { return sr->d_action; } // No default reduction, so token not found, so error. throw UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_; } // not at the last element: inspect the nature of the action // (< 0: reduce, 0: ACCEPT, > 0: shift) int action = sr->d_action; return action; } // base/pop void ParserBase::pop_(size_t count) { if (d_stackIdx < static_cast(count)) { ABORT(); } d_stackIdx -= count; d_state = d_stateStack[d_stackIdx].first; d_vsp = &d_stateStack[d_stackIdx]; } // base/poptoken void ParserBase::popToken_() { d_token = d_next.first; d_val_ = d_token >= 0 ? std::move(d_next.second) : STYPE_{}; d_next.first = Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_; } // base/push void ParserBase::push_(size_t state) { size_t currentSize = d_stateStack.size(); if (stackSize_() == currentSize) { size_t newSize = currentSize + STACK_EXPANSION_; d_stateStack.resize(newSize); } ++d_stackIdx; d_stateStack[d_stackIdx] = StatePair{ d_state = state, std::move(d_val_) }; d_vsp = &d_stateStack[d_stackIdx]; if (d_stackIdx == 0) { } else { } } // base/pushtoken void ParserBase::pushToken_(int token) { d_next = TokenPair{ d_token, std::move(d_val_) }; d_token = token; } // base/redotoken void ParserBase::redoToken_() { if (d_token != Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_) pushToken_(d_token); } // base/reduce void ParserBase::reduce_(int rule) { PI_ const &pi = s_productionInfo[rule]; d_token = pi.d_nonTerm; pop_(pi.d_size); d_terminalToken = false; } // base/shift void ParserBase::shift_(int action) { push_(action); popToken_(); // token processed if (d_recovery and d_terminalToken) { d_recovery = false; d_acceptedTokens_ = 0; } } // base/startrecovery void ParserBase::startRecovery_() { int lastToken = d_token; // give the unexpected token a // chance to be processed // again. pushToken_(Reserved_::errTok_); // specify errTok_ as next token push_(lookup_()); // push the error state d_token = lastToken; // reactivate the unexpected // token (we're now in an // ERROR state). d_recovery = true; } // base/top inline size_t ParserBase::top_() const { return d_stateStack[d_stackIdx].first; } // derived/errorrecovery void Parser::errorRecovery_() { // When an error has occurred, pop elements off the stack until the top // state has an error-item. If none is found, the default recovery // mode (which is to abort) is activated. // // If EOF is encountered without being appropriate for the current state, // then the error recovery will fall back to the default recovery mode. // (i.e., parsing terminates) if (d_acceptedTokens_ >= d_requiredTokens_)// only generate an error- { // message if enough tokens ++d_nErrors_; // were accepted. Otherwise error(); // simply skip input } // get the error state while (not (s_state[top_()][0].d_type & ERR_ITEM)) { pop_(); } // In the error state, looking up a token allows us to proceed. // Continuation may be require multiple reductions, but eventually a // terminal-token shift is used. See nextCycle_ for details. startRecovery_(); } // derived/executeaction void Parser::executeAction_(int production) try { if (token_() != Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_) pushToken_(token_()); // save an already available token switch (production) { // $insert actioncases case 2: #line 48 "grammar" { expectRules(); } break; case 3: #line 3 "inc/identifier" { d_val_ = d_matched; } break; case 4: #line 5 "inc/typename" { checkField(vs_(-1).get()); } break; case 7: #line 9 "inc/opt" { d_val_ = true; } break; case 8: #line 13 "inc/opt" { d_val_ = false; } break; case 11: #line 25 "inc/opt" { d_expect = "token name"; } break; case 13: #line 35 "inc/opt" { d_field.clear(); } break; case 14: #line 42 "inc/opt" { wmsg << "Ignoring all input beyond the second %% token" << endl; ACCEPT(); } break; case 16: #line 3 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "baseclass header name"; } break; case 17: #line 10 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "baseclass pre-include name"; } break; case 18: #line 17 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "class header name"; } break; case 19: #line 24 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "class name"; } break; case 20: #line 31 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "number (of conflicts)"; } break; case 21: #line 38 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "generic name of files"; } break; case 22: #line 45 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "implementation header name"; } break; case 23: #line 51 "inc/directives" { Terminal::incrementPrecedence(); } break; case 24: #line 59 "inc/directives" { d_association = Terminal::LEFT; } break; case 25: #line 66 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "Location struct definition"; } break; case 26: #line 73 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "Location type specification"; } break; case 27: #line 80 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "Namespace identifier"; } break; case 28: #line 88 "inc/directives" { d_association = Terminal::NONASSOC; } break; case 29: #line 95 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "File name for the parse() member"; } break; case 30: #line 101 "inc/directives" { d_val_ = Terminal::sPrecedence(); Terminal::resetPrecedence(); } break; case 31: #line 109 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "Required number of tokens between errors"; } break; case 32: #line 117 "inc/directives" { d_association = Terminal::RIGHT; } break; case 33: #line 124 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "Path to the scanner header filename"; } break; case 34: #line 131 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "Name of the Scanner class"; } break; case 35: #line 138 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "Scanner function returning the next token"; } break; case 36: #line 145 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "Scanner function returning the matched text"; } break; case 37: #line 152 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "Stack expansion size"; } break; case 38: #line 159 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "Start rule" ; } break; case 39: #line 165 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "identifier or character-constant"; } break; case 40: #line 172 "inc/directives" { defineTerminal(d_scanner.canonicalQuote(), Symbol::CHAR_TERMINAL); } break; case 41: #line 178 "inc/directives" { defineTokenName(vs_(-1).get(), vs_(0).get()); } break; case 45: #line 197 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "target directory"; } break; case 46: #line 204 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "type-name"; d_typeDirective = true; } break; case 47: #line 212 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "STYPE type name" ; } break; case 48: #line 218 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "opt. identifier(s) or char constant(s)"; } break; case 49: #line 226 "inc/directives" { d_association = Terminal::UNDEFINED; } break; case 50: #line 233 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "token class name"; } break; case 51: #line 240 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "token namespace"; } break; case 52: #line 247 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "path to the token file"; } break; case 53: #line 254 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "Semantic value union definition"; } break; case 54: #line 261 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "%default-actions on/off specification"; } break; case 55: #line 268 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "%constructor-checks on/off specification"; } break; case 56: #line 275 "inc/directives" { d_expect = "%tag-mismatches on/off specification"; } break; case 57: #line 282 "inc/directives" { setPolymorphicDecl(); } break; case 58: #line 289 "inc/directives" { d_scanner.beginTypeSpec(); } break; case 59: #line 296 "inc/directives" { addPolymorphic(vs_(-2).get(), vs_(0).get()); } break; case 62: #line 311 "inc/directives" { d_options.setBaseClassHeader(); } break; case 63: #line 317 "inc/directives" { d_options.setPreInclude(); } break; case 64: #line 323 "inc/directives" { d_options.setClassHeader(); } break; case 65: #line 329 "inc/directives" { d_options.setClassName(); } break; case 66: #line 334 "inc/directives" { d_options.setGenDebug(); } break; case 67: #line 339 "inc/directives" { d_options.setPrompt(); } break; case 68: #line 344 "inc/directives" { d_options.setThreadSafe(); } break; case 69: #line 349 "inc/directives" { d_options.setErrorVerbose(); } break; case 70: #line 355 "inc/directives" { setExpectedConflicts(); } break; case 71: #line 361 "inc/directives" { d_options.setGenericFilename(); } break; case 72: #line 366 "inc/directives" { d_options.setFlex(); } break; case 73: #line 372 "inc/directives" { d_options.setImplementationHeader(); } break; case 75: #line 384 "inc/directives" { d_options.setLocationDecl(d_scanner.block().str()); } break; case 76: #line 389 "inc/directives" { d_options.setLspNeeded(); } break; case 77: #line 395 "inc/directives" { d_options.setLtype(); } break; case 78: #line 401 "inc/directives" { d_options.setNamespace(); } break; case 79: #line 406 "inc/directives" { setNegativeDollarIndices(); } break; case 80: #line 411 "inc/directives" { d_options.unsetLines(); } break; case 82: #line 422 "inc/directives" { d_options.setParsefunSource(); } break; case 83: #line 427 "inc/directives" { d_options.setPrintTokens(); } break; case 84: #line 433 "inc/directives" { d_options.setRequiredTokens(d_scanner.number()); } break; case 86: #line 444 "inc/directives" { d_options.setScannerInclude(); } break; case 87: #line 450 "inc/directives" { d_options.setScannerClassName(); } break; case 88: #line 456 "inc/directives" { d_options.setScannerTokenFunction(); } break; case 89: #line 462 "inc/directives" { d_options.setScannerMatchedTextFunction(); } break; case 90: #line 468 "inc/directives" { d_options.setStackExpansion(d_scanner.number()); } break; case 91: #line 474 "inc/directives" { setStart(); } break; case 92: #line 480 "inc/directives" { d_options.setStype(); } break; case 93: #line 486 "inc/directives" { d_options.setTargetDirectory(); } break; case 94: #line 494 "inc/directives" { Terminal::set_sPrecedence(vs_(-1).get()); } break; case 95: #line 500 "inc/directives" { d_options.setTokenClass(); } break; case 96: #line 506 "inc/directives" { d_options.setTokenNameSpace(); } break; case 97: #line 512 "inc/directives" { d_options.setTokenPath(); } break; case 99: #line 523 "inc/directives" { setUnionDecl(); } break; case 100: #line 529 "inc/directives" { defaultAction(); } break; case 101: #line 535 "inc/directives" { constructorChecks(); } break; case 103: #line 544 "inc/directives" { d_options.unsetStrongTags(); } break; case 104: #line 550 "inc/directives" { warnTagMismatches(); } break; case 106: #line 560 "inc/directives" { d_expect.erase(); d_typeDirective = false; } break; case 109: #line 3 "inc/rules" { d_val_.assign(IDENTIFIER); } break; case 110: #line 8 "inc/rules" { d_val_.assign(QUOTE); } break; case 111: #line 15 "inc/rules" { d_val_ = useTerminal(); } break; case 112: #line 20 "inc/rules" { d_val_ = useSymbol(); } break; case 113: #line 25 "inc/rules" { d_val_ = d_scanner.block(); } break; case 114: #line 31 "inc/rules" { d_val_ = setPrecedence(vs_(0).get()); } break; case 115: #line 38 "inc/rules" { d_val_ = handleProductionElements(vs_(-1), vs_(0)); } break; case 116: #line 45 "inc/rules" { d_val_ = vs_(0); } break; case 117: #line 52 "inc/rules" { handleProductionElement(vs_(0)); } break; case 118: #line 58 "inc/rules" { checkEmptyBlocktype(); } break; case 119: #line 67 "inc/rules" { d_rules.addProduction(d_scanner.lineNr()); } break; case 122: #line 81 "inc/rules" { openRule(vs_(-1).get()); } break; case 123: #line 90 "inc/rules" { updateDefaultActionLineNr(); } break; } } catch (std::exception const &exc) { exceptionHandler(exc); } // derived/nextcycle void Parser::nextCycle_() try { if (s_state[state_()]->d_type & REQ_TOKEN) nextToken_(); // obtain next token int action = lookup_(); // lookup d_token in d_state if (action > 0) // SHIFT: push a new state { shift_(action); return; } if (action < 0) // REDUCE: execute and pop. { if (recovery_()) redoToken_(); else executeAction_(-action); // next token is the rule's LHS reduce_(-action); return; } if (recovery_()) ABORT(); else ACCEPT(); } catch (ErrorRecovery_) { if (not recovery_()) errorRecovery_(); else { if (token_() == Reserved_::EOF_) ABORT(); popToken_(); // skip the failing token } } // derived/nexttoken void Parser::nextToken_() { // If d_token is Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_ then if savedToken_() is // Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_ another token is obtained from lex(). Then // savedToken_() is assigned to d_token. // no need for a token: got one already if (token_() != Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_) { return; } if (savedToken_() != Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_) { popToken_(); // consume pending token } else { ++d_acceptedTokens_; // accept another token (see // errorRecover()) lex_(lex()); print_(); } print(); } // derived/print void Parser::print_() { // $insert print } // derived/parse int Parser::parse() try { // The parsing algorithm: // Initially, state 0 is pushed on the stack, and all relevant variables // are initialized by Base::clearin_. // // Then, in an eternal loop: // // 1. If a state is a REQ_TOKEN type, then the next token is obtained // from nextToken(). This may very well be the currently available // token. When retrieving a terminal token d_terminal is set to true. // // 2. lookup() is called, d_token is looked up in the current state's // SR_ array. // // 4. Depending on the result of the lookup() function the next state is // shifted on the parser's stack, a reduction by some rule is applied, // or the parsing function returns ACCEPT(). When a reduction is // called for, any action that may have been defined for that // reduction is executed. // // 5. An error occurs if d_token is not found, and the state has no // default reduction. clearin_(); // initialize, push(0) while (true) { // $insert prompt nextCycle_(); } } catch (Return_ retValue) { return retValue or d_nErrors_; } // derived/tail bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svspolytagptr.cc0000664000175000017500000000026314700504612017024 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $-nr. bool Parser::svsPolyTagPtr(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return svsPolyTagReplace(nElements, block, atd, "->"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svspolytag.cc0000664000175000017500000000025514700504612016277 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $-nr bool Parser::svsPolyTag(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return svsPolyTagReplace(nElements, block, atd, ""); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalpolyreplace.cc0000664000175000017500000000106414700504612017251 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" bool Parser::dvalPolyReplace(bool midRule, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix) { string tag = warnAutoTag(midRule, atd); // get the element's tag block.replace(atd.pos(), atd.length(), s_semanticValue + ( tag.empty() ? ""s : ".get()" ) + suffix); return midRule || block.assignment(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/blknop.cc0000664000175000017500000000034514700504612015351 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // unused parameters are required when initializing s_defaultAction in data.cc void Parser::blkNop([[maybe_unused]] string const &ruleType, [[maybe_unused]] Production const &prod) { } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalunion.cc0000664000175000017500000000025114700504612016057 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $$ bool Parser::dvalUnion(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { return dvalUnionReplace(nElements < 0, block, atd, ""); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/substituteblock.cc0000664000175000017500000000216114700504612017310 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // Stack_offset is the number of values in the current alternative so far, so // it is d_elements.size(). It indicates where to find $0 with respect to the // top of the (?) stack. // If nElements is negative then this is a mid-action block, automatically // resulting in negative dollar indices // $-expressions in blocks are filled by the scanner, calling d_block.dollar // d_block.atIndex, d_block.dollarIndex, d_block.idIndex void Parser::substituteBlock(int nElements, Block &block) { // Look for special characters. Do this from the end of the // block-text to the beginning, to keep the positions of earlier // special characters unaltered. bool explicitReturn = false; // block return type as yet // unknown for (auto &atd: ranger(block.rbeginAtDollar(), block.rendAtDollar())) { if (not errIndexTooLarge(atd, nElements)) explicitReturn |= (this->*(*d_atDollar)[atd.pattern()])(nElements, block, atd); } if (not explicitReturn) warnMissingSemval(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/blkcheck.cc0000664000175000017500000000042314700504612015627 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::blkCheck(string const &ruleType, Production const &prod) { (this->* ( ruleType == prod[0].sType() ? &Parser::blkAssign : &Parser::blkErr ) )(ruleType, prod); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalpolypar.cc0000664000175000017500000000076214700504612016424 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $$( bool Parser::dvalPolyPar(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { string tag = warnAutoTag(nElements < 0, atd); block.replace(atd.pos(), atd.length(), s_semanticValue + ( tag.empty() ? "("s // ) : ".assign(" // ) ) ); return true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svspolyptr.cc0000664000175000017500000000025614700504612016332 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $nr. $-nr. bool Parser::svsPolyPtr(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { return svsPolyReplace(nElements, block, atd, "->"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalreplace.cc0000664000175000017500000000104414700504612016343 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // see parser.h about refByScanner for info why midRule // returns true. bool Parser::dvalReplace(bool midRule, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix) { warnAutoTag(midRule, atd); block.replace(atd.pos(), atd.length(), s_semanticValue + suffix); return midRule || block.assignment(); // midrule assumes assignments, // to prevent warnings from // warnMissingSemval } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/nexthiddenname.cc0000664000175000017500000000032614700504612017056 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" string Parser::nextHiddenName() { s_hiddenName.clear(); s_hiddenName.str(""); s_hiddenName << "#" << setfill('0') << setw(4) << ++s_nHidden; return s_hiddenName.str(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/blknopw.cc0000664000175000017500000000046014700504612015536 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // unused ruleType is required when initializing s_defaultAction in data.cc void Parser::blkNopW([[maybe_unused]] string const &ruleType, Production const &prod) { wmsg << '`' << &prod << "': no default action block was installed" << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svspolymem.cc0000664000175000017500000000025514700504612016302 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $nr. $-nr. bool Parser::svsPolyMem(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { return svsPolyReplace(nElements, block, atd, "."); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/blkstypew.cc0000664000175000017500000000033314700504612016105 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::blkSTYPEW(string const &ruleType, Production const &prod) { wmsg << '`' << &prod << "': installed $$ = STYPE_{} action block" << endl; blkSTYPE(ruleType, prod); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/setuniondecl.cc0000664000175000017500000000101514700504612016553 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::setUnionDecl() { d_options.setUnionDecl(d_scanner.block().str()); d_semType = UNION; // if a %union is used, then the rules d_atDollar = &s_union; // MUST have an associated return type if } // a plain $$ is used. Also, a union must // be available if a $ construction // is used. (unless default-actions std is // was specified bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/usesymbol.cc0000664000175000017500000000050614700504612016105 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" Symbol *Parser::useSymbol() { if (Symbol *sp = d_symtab.lookup(d_matched)) return sp; NonTerminal *np = new NonTerminal(d_matched); d_symtab.insert ( Symtab::value_type ( d_matched, d_rules.insert(np) ) ); return np; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/locel.cc0000664000175000017500000000045214700504612015161 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" bool Parser::locEl(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { ostringstream os; os << s_locationValueStack << indexToOffset(atd.nr(), nElements) << ')'; block.replace(atd.pos(), atd.length(), os.str()); warnForceLSP(atd.lineNr()); return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svsmem.cc0000664000175000017500000000024514700504612015375 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $nr. $-nr. bool Parser::svsMem(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { return svsReplace(nElements, block, atd, "."); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/parser.ih0000664000175000017500000000363514700504612015400 0ustar frankfrank // Include this file in the sources of the class Parser. #include "../xerr/xerr.ih" // $insert class.h #include "parser.h" #include #include #include #include #include "../block/block.h" #include "../options/options.h" // static inline std::string const &Parser::nameOf(std::string const &typeName) { return typeName.empty() ? s_undefined : typeName; } inline std::string const &Parser::productionTag(int nr) const { return nr == std::numeric_limits::max() ? d_rules.sType() : d_rules.sType(nr); } inline void Parser::checkEmptyBlocktype() { checkFirstType(); } inline void Parser::warnTagMismatches() const { d_options.setTagMismatches(d_scanner.matched(), d_scanner.filename(), d_scanner.lineNr()); } inline void Parser::constructorChecks() const { d_options.setConstructorChecks(d_scanner.matched(), d_scanner.filename(), d_scanner.lineNr()); } inline void Parser::defaultAction() const { d_options.setDefaultAction(d_scanner.matched(), d_scanner.filename(), d_scanner.lineNr()); } inline int Parser::nComponents(int nElements) { return nElements >= 0 ? nElements : -nElements - 1; } inline void Parser::print() { if (d_arg.option('T')) print_(); } inline void Parser::setNegativeDollarIndices() { d_negativeDollarIndicesOK = true; } inline void Parser::setExpectedConflicts() { Rules::setExpectedConflicts(d_scanner.number()); } // $insert lex inline int Parser::lex() { return d_scanner.lex(); } inline void Parser::exceptionHandler( [[maybe_unused]] std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svsrefunion.cc0000664000175000017500000000051514700504612016444 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $nr _$nr $-nr _$-nr bool Parser::svsRefUnion(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return (this->* (atd.refByScanner() ? &Parser::svsUnionReplace : &Parser::svsReplace ) )(nElements, block, atd, ""); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/existingtag.cc0000664000175000017500000000037114700504612016411 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" bool Parser::existingTag(AtDollar const &atd) const { if (d_polymorphic.find(atd.tag()) != d_polymorphic.end()) return true; stdEmsg(atd) << "tag `" << atd.tag() << "' not defined" << endl; return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svsreplace.cc0000664000175000017500000000053314700504612016232 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" bool Parser::svsReplace(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix) { warnNegativeDollarIndices(atd); block.replace(atd.pos(), atd.length(), svsElement(nElements, atd.nr()) + suffix); return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/stdemsg.cc0000664000175000017500000000027314700504612015532 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" ostream &Parser::stdEmsg(AtDollar const &atd) const { emsg.setLineNr(atd.lineNr()); emsg << "rule " << &d_rules.lastProduction() << ": "; return emsg; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svspolytagreplace.cc0000664000175000017500000000055314700504612017634 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" bool Parser::svsPolyTagReplace(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix) { if (existingTag(atd)) block.replace(atd.pos(), atd.length(), svsElement(nElements, atd.nr()) + ".get()" + suffix ); return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/definenonterminal.cc0000664000175000017500000000062414700504612017565 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" Symbol *Parser::defineNonTerminal(string const &name, string const &stype) { if (Symbol *sp = d_symtab.lookup(name)) { multiplyDefined(sp); return 0; } NonTerminal *np = new NonTerminal(name, stype); d_symtab.insert ( Symtab::value_type ( name, d_rules.insert(np) ) ); return np; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/warnnegativedollarindices.cc0000664000175000017500000000047614700504612021320 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::warnNegativeDollarIndices(AtDollar const &atd) const { if (d_negativeDollarIndicesOK || atd.nr() > 0) return; stdWmsg(atd) << "negative $-index used in action block `" << atd.text() << '\'' << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalptr.cc0000664000175000017500000000023314700504612015534 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" bool Parser::dvalPtr(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { return dvalReplace(nElements < 0, block, atd, "->"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svselement.cc0000664000175000017500000000041614700504612016250 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // note: 2nd arg. is the production rule's element NUMBER, not index. string Parser::svsElement(int nElements, int nr) const { ostringstream os; os << s_semanticValueStack << indexToOffset(nr, nElements) << ')'; return os.str(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/installaction.cc0000664000175000017500000000053514700504612016731 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::installAction(Block &block) { // process the block for the last // production rule, having a given number // of elements. substituteBlock(d_rules.nElements(), block); d_rules.setAction(block); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svstagref.cc0000664000175000017500000000024314700504612016065 0ustar frankfrank//#include "parser.ih" // //bool Parser::svsTagRef(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) //{ // return svsTagReplace(nElements, block, atd, ""); //} bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svspolytagmem.cc0000664000175000017500000000026214700504612016774 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $-nr. bool Parser::svsPolyTagMem(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return svsPolyTagReplace(nElements, block, atd, "."); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/warnforcelsp.cc0000664000175000017500000000037214700504612016571 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::warnForceLSP(size_t lineNr) const { if (not d_options.lspNeeded()) { wmsg << "@ used at line " << lineNr << ": %lsp-needed forced" << endl; d_options.setLspNeeded(); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/indextooffset.cc0000664000175000017500000000477214700504612016755 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // When a block is read, process its $ and @ symbols. If it's a nested // block, it inherits the outer rule's stype, but it can only sensibly // have negative stack indices up to the number of elements of the current // rule. The stack starts with 0 elements, and its topmost element is // having the highest index value. Then, a stack element related to a rule // element `i' is reached using index tos - n + i, where `tos' is the // number of elements on the stack, `n' the number of elements in the // production rule, and `i' the $-index ($1, $2, $3, etc.). Assuming tos // is the pointer to the current stacktop, and assuming that a rule has // `n' elements so far, indicated as $1, $2, ... $n, followed by the // nested block, the stack, when the nested block's action is called, has // the following contents (behind the $i's the proper index relative to // the nested block number of elements are indicated): // [higher indices in the stack] // // tos -> $n [tos - n + n] = [tos + 1 - 1] // ... // $2 // $1 [tos - n + 1] = [tos + 1 - n] // // [lower indices in the stack] // So, if the action called at this moment is a nested block's action, // then its `n' is 0, so element $n (its grammar rule's predecessor) is // reached as element 0: [tos - 0 - 0], element $n-1 is reached as [tos - // 0 - 1] etc, etc.. However, in order to make the counting more // intuitively, $0 is not used, but instead $-element are, like their // positive counterparts, counted as pure negative values. So, with hidden // numbers, the block-processor will add 1 to negative indices. // With mid-rule actions nElements is negative, counting the action block // as an element. A construction like // rule: // TOK1 TOK2 // { // cout << $1 << ' ' << $2; // } // TOK3 // // is translated using a hidden block into: // // #0001 // { // cout << $-1 << ' ' << $0; // } // TOK3 // // rule: // TOK1 TOK2 // #0001 // TOK3 // // Therefore, $1 becomes $-1, $2 becomes $0. The index can be computed // as idx + nElements + 1 int Parser::indexToOffset(int idx, int nElements) const { if (idx < 0 || nElements < 0) ++idx; return nElements >= 0 ? idx - nElements : idx + nElements; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svsunionptr.cc0000664000175000017500000000026214700504612016474 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $nr-> $-nr-> bool Parser::svsUnionPtr(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { return svsUnionReplace(nElements, block, atd, "->"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/updatedefaultactionlinenr.cc0000664000175000017500000000017714700504612021324 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::updateDefaultActionLineNr() { d_rules.updateDefaultActionLineNr(d_scanner.lineNr()); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svsunion.cc0000664000175000017500000000026314700504612015747 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $nr _$nr $-nr _$-nr bool Parser::svsUnion(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return svsUnionReplace(nElements, block, atd, ""); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/handleproductionelements.cc0000664000175000017500000000222414700504612021161 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" Parser::STYPE_ Parser::handleProductionElements(STYPE_ &first, STYPE_ const &second) { // the first PTag was a %prec specification if (first.tag() == Tag_::END_TAG_) return second; // the second PTag was a %prec specification: if (second.tag() == Tag_::END_TAG_) return first; // postpone handling of first // maybe also when currentRule == 0 ? See addProduction if (!d_rules.hasRules()) // may happen if the first rule could not be return first; // defined because of token/rulename clash switch (first.tag()) { case Tag_::TERMINAL: d_rules.addElement(first.get()); break; case Tag_::SYMBOL: d_rules.addElement(first.get()); break; case Tag_::BLOCK: nestedBlock(first.get()); break; default: // can't occur, but used to keep the break; // compiler from generating a warning } return second; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalunionreplace.cc0000664000175000017500000000112714700504612017416 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // see parser.h about refByScanner for info why midRule // returns true. bool Parser::dvalUnionReplace(bool midRule, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix) { string tag = warnAutoTag(midRule, atd); // get the element's tag if (string("->") == suffix and tag.empty()) errNoUnionPtr(atd); else block.replace(atd.pos(), atd.length(), s_semanticValue + (tag.empty() ? ""s : "." + tag) + suffix); return midRule || block.assignment(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/extractindex.cc0000664000175000017500000000025114700504612016562 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" size_t Parser::extractIndex(int *idx, size_t pos) { istringstream is(d_scanner.block().substr(pos)); is >> *idx; return is.tellg(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svsuniontag.cc0000664000175000017500000000025714700504612016446 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $-nr bool Parser::svsUnionTag(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return svsUnionTagReplace(nElements, block, atd, ""); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/multiplydefined.cc0000664000175000017500000000044614700504612017264 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::multiplyDefined(Symbol const *sp) { Terminal::inserter(&Terminal::plainName); NonTerminal::inserter(&NonTerminal::plainName); emsg << (sp->isTerminal() ? "Terminal " : "Nonterminal ") << sp << " multiply defined" << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/blkassign.cc0000664000175000017500000000052414700504612016040 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // unused ruleType is required when initializing s_defaultAction in data.cc void Parser::blkAssign([[maybe_unused]] string const &ruleType, Production const &prod) { installDefaultAction( prod, svsElement(prod.size(), 1) + ".get()" ); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/tokens.h0000664000175000017500000000221014700504612015222 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef INCLUDED_TOKENS_ #define INCLUDED_TOKENS_ struct Tokens { // Symbolic tokens: enum Tokens_ { BASECLASS_HEADER = 257, BASECLASS_PREINCLUDE, BLOCK, CLASS_HEADER, CLASS_NAME, CONSTRUCTOR_CHECKS, DEBUGFLAG, DEFAULT_ACTIONS, ERROR_VERBOSE, EXPECT, FILENAMES, FLEX, IDENTIFIER, IMPLEMENTATION_HEADER, LEFT, LOCATIONSTRUCT, LSP_NEEDED, LTYPE, NAMESPACE, NEG_DOLLAR, NOLINES, NONASSOC, NUMBER, PARSEFUN_SOURCE, POLYMORPHIC, PREC, PRINT_TOKENS, QUOTE, REQUIRED, RIGHT, SCANNER, SCANNER_CLASS_NAME, SCANNER_MATCHED_TEXT_FUNCTION, SCANNER_TOKEN_FUNCTION, STACK_EXPANSION, START, STRING, STYPE, TARGET_DIRECTORY, TOKEN, TWO_PERCENTS, TYPE, UNION, WARN_TAGS, WEAK_TAGS, PROMPT, THREAD_SAFE, TOKEN_CLASS, TOKEN_NAMESPACE, TOKEN_PATH, }; }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/extracttype.cc0000664000175000017500000000133514700504612016440 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // expect or not, if not at a `<' character size_t Parser::extractType(string *type, size_t pos, Block &block) { if (pos >= block.length()) // block ends prematurely. throw 1; if (block[pos] != '<') // no explicit type return 0; size_t begin = pos + 1; // first char of the type // saw the opening bracket, find the `>' size_t end = block.find('>', begin); if (end == string::npos) // no `>' found throw 1; // caught as incomplete $ specification *type = block.substr(begin, end - begin); return end + 1 - pos; // length of specification } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svsunionreplace.cc0000664000175000017500000000103114700504612017275 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" bool Parser::svsUnionReplace(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix) { string tag = productionTag(atd.nr()); // get the element's tag if (string("->") == suffix and tag.empty()) errNoUnionPtr(atd); else block.replace(atd.pos(), atd.length(), svsElement(nElements, atd.nr()) + (tag.empty() ? ""s : "." + tag) + suffix); return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/defineterminal.cc0000664000175000017500000000572014700504612017054 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // Only with %type a symbol may already exist. // // Symbols are defined by %token, %left etc. as terminals only. // // At a %type declaration, their types can be set, but only if their types // haven't been set yet. // // A %type can also define an undetermined nonterminal: eventually // it must be defined as a nonterminal by a rule. // // If a %type is followed by a %token etc. then those latter directives may // change the kind to symbol into terminal, but not their type. // // This function is called by the `symbol' rule // Unknown symbol: // // Define the terminal as UNDETERMINED with %type, otherwise as `type' // // known symbol: // --------------------------------------------------------------------- // Second: // --------------------------------------------------------- // %token %type (-> d_typeDirective) // --------------------------------------------------------------------- // First: // (%type -> UNDETERMINED) // --------------------------------------------------------------------- // %token mult.def'd OK, unless token's %type is specified // and different from %type. If equal: warn // // %type OK, same as OK, same as upper right // upper right // --------------------------------------------------------------------- void Parser::defineTerminal(string const &name, Symbol::Type type) { if (Symbol *sp = d_symtab.lookup(name)) // known symbol? { // known symbol: upper left alternative if (not sp->isUndetermined() && not d_typeDirective) { multiplyDefined(sp); return; } if (sp->sType().empty()) sp->setStype(d_field); else if (sp->sType() == d_field) wmsg << '`' << name << "' type repeatedly specified as <" << d_field << ">" << endl; else // type clash emsg << "can't redefine type <" << sp->sType() << "> of `" << name << "' to <" << d_field << ">" << endl; } else // new symbol: insert it as (provisional or definitive) terminal d_symtab.insert ( Symtab::value_type ( name, d_rules.insert ( new Terminal(name, d_typeDirective ? Symbol::UNDETERMINED : type, type == Symbol::CHAR_TERMINAL ? d_scanner.number() : Terminal::DEFAULT, d_association, d_field), d_matched ) ) ); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/README.dollar0000664000175000017500000002550314700504612015714 0ustar frankfrank Single: AtDollar handler: Pattern represents: (empty: see up) ------------------------------------------------------------------ $$ - DD d_val dval _$$ - refDD d_val dval $$. - DDm d_val. dvalMem $$-> - DDp d_val-> dvalPtr $$( DDpar d_val( dvalPar $nr - Dn d_vsp[idx] dvsp _$nr - refDn d_vsp[idx] dvsp $nr. - Dnm d_vsp[idx]. svsMem $nr-> - Dnp d_vsp[idx]-> svsPtr $-nr - D_ d_vsp[idx] dvsp _$-nr - refD_ d_vsp[idx] dvsp $-nr. - D_m d_vsp[idx]. svsMem $-nr-> - D_p d_vsp[idx]-> svsPtr $-nr - Dt_ err errNoTag $-nr. - Dt_m err $-nr-> - Dt_p err ----------------------------------------------------------------- =============================================================================================== Unions: represents: AtDollar --------------------------------- handler: Pattern tagged: untagged: x = (empty: see up) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $$ - DD d_val.TAG d_val d_val dvalUnion _$$ - refDD d_val or dval.Tag d_val dvalRefUnion $$. - DDm d_val.TAG. d_val. dvalUnionMem $$-> - DDp d_val.TAG-> d_val-> dvalUnionPtr $$( DDpar d_val( dvalPar $nr - Dn d_vsp[idx].TAG d_vsp[idx] d_vsp[idx] svsUnion _$nr - refDn d_vsp[idx] or ...Tag d_vsp[idx] svsRefUnion $nr. - Dnm d_vsp[idx].TAG. d_vsp[idx]. svsUnionMem $nr-> - Dnp d_vsp[idx].TAG-> d_vsp[idx]-> svsUnionPtr $-nr - D_ d_vsp[idx] d_vsp[idx] d_vsp[idx] svs _$-nr - refD_ d_vsp[idx] d_vsp[idx] $-nr. - D_m d_vsp[idx]. d_vsp[idx]. svsMem $-nr-> - D_p d_vsp[idx]-> d_vsp[idx]-> svsPtr $-nr - Dt_ d_vsp[idx].TAG svsUnionTag $-nr. - Dt_m d_vsp[idx].TAG. svsUnionTagMem $-nr-> - Dt_p d_vsp[idx].TAG-> svsUnionTagPtr ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =============================================================================================== Polymorphic: represents: AtDollar --------------------------------- handler: Pattern tagged: untagged: x = (empty: see up) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $$ - DD d_val.get() d_val d_val dvalPoly _$$ - refDD d_val d_val dval $$. - DDm d_val.get(). d_val. dvalPolyMem $$-> - DDp d_val.get()-> d_val-> dvalPolyPtr $$( DDpar d_val( dvalPolyPar $nr - Dn d_vsp[idx].get() d_vsp[idx] d_vsp[idx] svsPoly _$nr - refDn d_vsp[idx] d_vsp[idx] svs $nr. - Dnm d_vsp[idx].get(). d_vsp[idx]. svsPolyMem $nr-> - Dnp d_vsp[idx].get()-> d_vsp[idx]-> svsPolyPtr $-nr - D_ d_vsp[idx] d_vsp[idx] d_vsp[idx] svs _$-nr - refD_ d_vsp[idx] d_vsp[idx] $-nr. - D_m d_vsp[idx]. d_vsp[idx]. svsMem $-nr-> - D_p d_vsp[idx]-> d_vsp[idx]-> svsPtr $-nr - Dt_ d_vsp[idx].get() svsPolyTag $-nr. - Dt_m d_vsp[idx].get(). svsPolyTagMem $-nr-> - Dt_p d_vsp[idx].get()-> svsPolyTagPtr ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ========================= BELOW: OLD, IGNORE ================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== Handling $-specifications: see semtag.cc ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Negative $-index e.g,, ($-1, S-1): ------------------------------------------------------------------------- specification: action: ------------------------------------------------------------------------- $-1 d_negativeDollarIndicesOK or SINGLE or no auto assoc: no action else: warn STYPE_ is used $-1 err: no allowed for neg. indices ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- $$. or $i. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- $$. and $i. are handled like $$ and $1, but the action `AUTO' (auto was specified, but $$. or $i. was used) the warnAutoIgnored warning is issued, and no field substitution takes place ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- auto: $: action: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- id - NONE (AUTO fm semTag): warnAutoIgnored (all other combinations: as with $$ and $i, below) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- $$ or $i specifications (i >= 0): ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- auto: $: action: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - NONE STYPE_ NONE SINGLE: err: not defined semType UNION: EXPLICIT POLYMORPHIC: existing tag: EXPLICIT otherwise: ERR not defined ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- STYPE_ - NONE STYPE_ NONE SINGLE: err: not defined semType UNION: EXPLICIT POLYMORPHIC: existing tag: EXPLICIT otherwise: ERR not defined ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- id OK for UNION, possibly OK for POLYMORHPHIC - AUTO STYPE_ NONE semType UNION: EXPLICIT POLYMORPHIC: existing tag: EXPLICIT + warn otherwise: ERR not defined ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- illegal id only possible for POLYMORHPHIC - ERR: not defined STYPE_ NONE semType UNION: EXPLICIT POLYMORPHIC: existing tag: EXPLICIT otherwise: ERR not defined ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- $$( : (followed by an optional argument list and ); ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- only available for POLYMORPHIC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- rule not associated with a %type tag: invalid. calls d_val_ = STYPE_::semantic(... d_val is directly initialized (no default constructor for the rule's semantic type is required) with a semantic value, constructed using the perfectly forwarded arguments passed to $$( ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- NONE: parse.cc does not use a field specification AUTO: replace the $-spec by d_val_.field or d_val_.get<>() from d_rules.sType() EXPLICIT: replace the $-spec by d_val_.field or d_val_.get<>() from atd.id() ============================================================================= lhs type none bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/blkassignw.cc0000664000175000017500000000034414700504612016227 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::blkAssignW(string const &ruleType, Production const &prod) { wmsg << '`' << &prod << "': installed $$ = $1.get() action block" << endl; blkAssign(ruleType, prod); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalunionptr.cc0000664000175000017500000000026114700504612016606 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $$-> bool Parser::dvalUnionPtr(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { return dvalUnionReplace(nElements < 0, block, atd, "->"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/defaultpolymorphicaction.cc0000664000175000017500000000130114700504612021165 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::defaultPolymorphicAction(Production const &prod) { Options::Value actionType = d_options.defaultActions().value; if (actionType == Options::OFF) // no default action block if return; // suppressed // semantic value of the rule's rhs string const &ruleType = d_rules.sType(); // try to add a default action block (this->*s_defaultAction [actionType == Options::WARN] // 0: action block w/o warning [ typeIndex(ruleType)] [ typeIndex( prod[0].sType() ) ])(ruleType, prod); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svsuniontagmem.cc0000664000175000017500000000026414700504612017143 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $-nr. bool Parser::svsUnionTagMem(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return svsUnionTagReplace(nElements, block, atd, "."); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/warndefaultaction.cc0000664000175000017500000000027014700504612017573 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // static void Parser::warnDefaultAction(Production const &prod) { wmsg << '`' << &prod << "': installed $$ = STYPE_{} action block" << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/installdefaultaction.cc0000664000175000017500000000131314700504612020271 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::installDefaultAction(Production const &prod, string const &rhs) { Block block; block.open(prod.lineNr() - 1, prod.fileName()); block += "\n" " " + s_semanticValue + " = " + ( d_semType == POLYMORPHIC ? "std::move(" + rhs + ")" : rhs ) + ";\n" "}"; d_rules.setAction(block, true); // true: last actionblock was default // action. Requires update of the // action block's line number. } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalunionpar.cc0000664000175000017500000000025114700504612016562 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $$( bool Parser::dvalUnionPar(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { return dvalReplace(nElements < 0, block, atd, "("); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/nestedblock.cc0000664000175000017500000000163314700504612016362 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // Add a hidden rule consisting of one action block. void Parser::nestedBlock(Block &block) { string name = nextHiddenName(); // Since the inner block is a block, simply assume that its return value // matches the type of the rule in which it is nested. NonTerminal *np = NonTerminal::downcast( defineNonTerminal(name, d_rules.sType()) ); d_rules.addElement(np); // add the block as a hidden rule // process the block as a nested block // preceded by nElements() -1 // production elements. substituteBlock(-d_rules.nElements(), block); d_rules.setHiddenAction(block); // define the action in the hidden // terminal's production rule } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/inc/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612014324 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/parser/inc/identifier0000664000175000017500000000010114700504612016361 0ustar frankfrankidentifier: IDENTIFIER { $$ = d_matched; } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/inc/rules0000664000175000017500000000261514700504612015405 0ustar frankfrank_precSpec: IDENTIFIER { $$(IDENTIFIER); } | QUOTE { $$(QUOTE); } ; _productionElement: QUOTE { $$ = useTerminal(); } | IDENTIFIER { $$ = useSymbol(); } | BLOCK { $$ = d_scanner.block(); } | PREC _precSpec { $$ = setPrecedence($2); } ; _productionElements: _productionElements _productionElement { $$ = handleProductionElements($1, $2); // process the first element, return the second // if the 1st element is a block, handle it as a nested block } | _productionElement { $$ = $1; } ; _production: _productionElements { handleProductionElement($1); // process the returned element: if it's a block, it becomes the // production's action block } | { // nothing to do for this empty production. But do check for a typed // nonterminal. checkEmptyBlocktype(); } ; _productionSeparator: '|' { d_rules.addProduction(d_scanner.lineNr()); } ; _productionList: _productionList _productionSeparator _production | _production ; _ruleName: identifier ':' { openRule($1); } ; _rule: _ruleName _productionList ';' { updateDefaultActionLineNr(); } ; rules: rules _rule | // empty ; bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/inc/typename0000664000175000017500000000014214700504612016066 0ustar frankfranktypename: '<' identifier '>' { checkField($2); // d_field = $2; } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/inc/opt0000664000175000017500000000075114700504612015054 0ustar frankfrankoptComma: ',' | // empty ; optNumber: NUMBER { $$ = true; } | { $$ = false; } ; optSemiCol: ';' | // empty ; _tokenname: { d_expect = "token name"; } ; optTypename: typename _tokenname | _tokenname { d_field.clear(); } ; optTwo_percents: TWO_PERCENTS { wmsg << "Ignoring all input beyond the second %% token" << endl; ACCEPT(); } | // empty ; bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/inc/directives0000664000175000017500000001710014700504612016407 0ustar frankfrank_baseclass_header: BASECLASS_HEADER { d_expect = "baseclass header name"; } ; _baseclass_preinclude: BASECLASS_PREINCLUDE { d_expect = "baseclass pre-include name"; } ; _class_header: CLASS_HEADER { d_expect = "class header name"; } ; _class_name: CLASS_NAME { d_expect = "class name"; } ; _expect: EXPECT { d_expect = "number (of conflicts)"; } ; _filenames: FILENAMES { d_expect = "generic name of files"; } ; _implementation_header: IMPLEMENTATION_HEADER { d_expect = "implementation header name"; } ; _incrementPrecedence: { Terminal::incrementPrecedence(); } ; _left: LEFT _typesymbol { d_association = Terminal::LEFT; } ; _locationstruct: LOCATIONSTRUCT { d_expect = "Location struct definition"; } ; _ltype: LTYPE { d_expect = "Location type specification"; } ; _namespace: NAMESPACE { d_expect = "Namespace identifier"; } ; _nonassoc: NONASSOC _typesymbol { d_association = Terminal::NONASSOC; } ; _parsefun_source: PARSEFUN_SOURCE { d_expect = "File name for the parse() member"; } ; _pushPrecedence: { $$ = Terminal::sPrecedence(); Terminal::resetPrecedence(); } ; _required: REQUIRED { d_expect = "Required number of tokens between errors"; } ; _right: RIGHT _typesymbol { d_association = Terminal::RIGHT; } ; _scanner: SCANNER { d_expect = "Path to the scanner header filename"; } ; _scanner_class_name: SCANNER_CLASS_NAME { d_expect = "Name of the Scanner class"; } ; _scanner_token_function: SCANNER_TOKEN_FUNCTION { d_expect = "Scanner function returning the next token"; } ; _scanner_matched_text_function: SCANNER_MATCHED_TEXT_FUNCTION { d_expect = "Scanner function returning the matched text"; } ; _stack_expansion: STACK_EXPANSION { d_expect = "Stack expansion size"; } ; _start: START { d_expect = "Start rule" ; } ; _symbol_exp: { d_expect = "identifier or character-constant"; } ; _symbol: QUOTE { defineTerminal(d_scanner.canonicalQuote(), Symbol::CHAR_TERMINAL); } | identifier optNumber { // try to define as defineTokenName($1, $2); // symbolic terminal } ; _symbolList: _symbolList optComma _symbol | _symbol ; _symbols: _symbol_exp _symbolList optSemiCol ; _target_directory: TARGET_DIRECTORY { d_expect = "target directory"; } ; _type: TYPE { d_expect = "type-name"; d_typeDirective = true; } ; _stype: STYPE { d_expect = "STYPE type name" ; } ; _typesymbol: { d_expect = "opt. identifier(s) or char constant(s)"; } ; _token: TOKEN _typesymbol { d_association = Terminal::UNDEFINED; } ; _token_class: TOKEN_CLASS { d_expect = "token class name"; } ; _token_namespace: TOKEN_NAMESPACE { d_expect = "token namespace"; } ; _token_path: TOKEN_PATH { d_expect = "path to the token file"; } ; _union: UNION { d_expect = "Semantic value union definition"; } ; _default_actions: DEFAULT_ACTIONS { d_expect = "%default-actions on/off specification"; } ; _constructor_checks: CONSTRUCTOR_CHECKS { d_expect = "%constructor-checks on/off specification"; } ; _tag_mismatches: WARN_TAGS { d_expect = "%tag-mismatches on/off specification"; } ; _polymorphic: POLYMORPHIC { setPolymorphicDecl(); } ; _typespec: ':' { d_scanner.beginTypeSpec(); } ; _polyspec: identifier _typespec identifier // identifier holds the typespec { addPolymorphic($1, $3); } ; _polyspecs: _polyspecs ';' _polyspec | _polyspec ; _directiveSpec: _baseclass_header STRING { d_options.setBaseClassHeader(); } | _baseclass_preinclude STRING { d_options.setPreInclude(); } | _class_header STRING { d_options.setClassHeader(); } | _class_name IDENTIFIER { d_options.setClassName(); } | DEBUGFLAG { d_options.setGenDebug(); } | PROMPT { d_options.setPrompt(); } | THREAD_SAFE { d_options.setThreadSafe(); } | ERROR_VERBOSE { d_options.setErrorVerbose(); } | _expect NUMBER { setExpectedConflicts(); } | _filenames STRING { d_options.setGenericFilename(); } | FLEX { d_options.setFlex(); } | _implementation_header STRING { d_options.setImplementationHeader(); } | _left _incrementPrecedence optTypename _symbols | _locationstruct BLOCK optSemiCol { d_options.setLocationDecl(d_scanner.block().str()); } | LSP_NEEDED { d_options.setLspNeeded(); } | _ltype STRING { d_options.setLtype(); } | _namespace IDENTIFIER { d_options.setNamespace(); } | NEG_DOLLAR { setNegativeDollarIndices(); } | NOLINES { d_options.unsetLines(); } | _nonassoc _incrementPrecedence optTypename _symbols | _parsefun_source STRING { d_options.setParsefunSource(); } | PRINT_TOKENS { d_options.setPrintTokens(); } | _required NUMBER { d_options.setRequiredTokens(d_scanner.number()); } | _right _incrementPrecedence optTypename _symbols | _scanner STRING { d_options.setScannerInclude(); } | _scanner_class_name STRING { d_options.setScannerClassName(); } | _scanner_token_function STRING { d_options.setScannerTokenFunction(); } | _scanner_matched_text_function STRING { d_options.setScannerMatchedTextFunction(); } | _stack_expansion NUMBER { d_options.setStackExpansion(d_scanner.number()); } | _start IDENTIFIER { setStart(); } | _stype STRING { d_options.setStype(); } | _target_directory STRING { d_options.setTargetDirectory(); } | _token optTypename _pushPrecedence // make sure %token precedences are zero _symbols { Terminal::set_sPrecedence($3); } | _token_class IDENTIFIER { d_options.setTokenClass(); } | _token_namespace IDENTIFIER { d_options.setTokenNameSpace(); } | _token_path STRING { d_options.setTokenPath(); } | _type typename _symbols | _union BLOCK optSemiCol { setUnionDecl(); } | _default_actions IDENTIFIER { defaultAction(); } | _constructor_checks IDENTIFIER { constructorChecks(); } | _polymorphic _polyspecs optSemiCol | WEAK_TAGS { d_options.unsetStrongTags(); } | _tag_mismatches IDENTIFIER { warnTagMismatches(); } | error ; _directive: _directiveSpec { d_expect.erase(); d_typeDirective = false; } ; directives: directives _directive | // empty ; bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/checkfirsttype.cc0000664000175000017500000000172414700504612017115 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // the production for which this member is called has elements, // but does not define an action block. // Now check if the production's FIRST element's stype is equal // to the rule's stype or whether the rule's stype is empty (default) void Parser::checkFirstType() { // The default (STD) action is to add $$ = $1, unconditionally // stype and union types by default use the $$ = $1 option // polymorphic types check the semantic value type of the first // production element Production const &prod = d_rules.lastProduction(); Options::Value actionType = d_options.defaultActions().value; if (actionType == Options::OFF) return; size_t nElements = prod.size(); if (nElements == 0) return; if (actionType != Options::STD && d_semType == POLYMORPHIC) defaultPolymorphicAction(prod); else installDefaultAction(prod, svsElement(nElements, 1) ); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/setstart.cc0000664000175000017500000000027614700504612015740 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::setStart() { if (d_rules.startRule().size()) emsg << "%start multiply specified" << endl; else d_rules.setStartRule(d_matched); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/blkdirectw.cc0000664000175000017500000000033014700504612016210 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::blkDirectW(string const &ruleType, Production const &prod) { wmsg << '`' << &prod << "': installed $$ = $1 action block" << endl; blkDirect(ruleType, prod); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/setpolymorphicdecl.cc0000664000175000017500000000032714700504612017775 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::setPolymorphicDecl() { d_expect = "Polymorphic base class specifications"; d_options.setPolymorphicDecl(); d_semType = POLYMORPHIC; d_atDollar = &s_polymorphic; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/errindextoolarge.cc0000664000175000017500000000103614700504612017437 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" bool Parser::errIndexTooLarge(AtDollar const &atd, int elements) const { if (not atd.stackElement()) // when referring to $$ or @@ return false; int nElements = nComponents(elements); if (atd.nr() <= nElements) return false; emsg << "rule " << &d_rules.lastProduction() << ":\n" "\t\t" << atd.text() << ": index " << atd.nr() << " exceeds # components before " "the action block (" << nElements << ")." << endl; return true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svspolyreplace.cc0000664000175000017500000000113014700504612017130 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" bool Parser::svsPolyReplace(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd, char const *suffix) { string tag = productionTag(atd.nr()); // get the element's tag if (tag == s_stype) tag.clear(); block.replace(atd.pos(), atd.length(), svsElement(nElements, atd.nr()) + ( tag.empty() ? ""s : ".get()" ) + suffix); return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/grammar0000664000175000017500000000306014700504612015123 0ustar frankfrank//%debug //%print-tokens //%no-lines %filenames parser %default-actions off %scanner ../scanner/scanner.h %token-path tokens.h %baseclass-preinclude preheaders.h %token BASECLASS_HEADER BASECLASS_PREINCLUDE BLOCK CLASS_HEADER CLASS_NAME CONSTRUCTOR_CHECKS DEBUGFLAG DEFAULT_ACTIONS ERROR_VERBOSE EXPECT FILENAMES FLEX IDENTIFIER IMPLEMENTATION_HEADER LEFT LOCATIONSTRUCT LSP_NEEDED LTYPE NAMESPACE NEG_DOLLAR NOLINES NONASSOC NUMBER PARSEFUN_SOURCE POLYMORPHIC PREC PRINT_TOKENS QUOTE REQUIRED RIGHT SCANNER SCANNER_CLASS_NAME SCANNER_MATCHED_TEXT_FUNCTION SCANNER_TOKEN_FUNCTION STACK_EXPANSION START STRING STYPE TARGET_DIRECTORY TOKEN TWO_PERCENTS TYPE UNION WARN_TAGS WEAK_TAGS PROMPT THREAD_SAFE TOKEN_CLASS TOKEN_NAMESPACE TOKEN_PATH %polymorphic BOOL: bool; SIZE_T: size_t; TEXT: std::string; BLOCK: Block; TERMINAL: Terminal *; SYMBOL: Symbol * %type identifier %type optNumber %type _pushPrecedence _precSpec // NEW: USE THIS TO ASSIGN A GENERIC POLYMORPHIC VALUE TO (NON-)TERMINALS // these (non-)terminals MUST explicitly return an STYPE_ %type _productionElements _productionElement %% input: directives _two_percents rules optTwo_percents ; _two_percents: TWO_PERCENTS { expectRules(); } ; %include inc/identifier %include inc/typename %include inc/opt %include inc/directives %include inc/rules bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/errnotag.cc0000664000175000017500000000060714700504612015706 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // Unused parameters are required for the initialization of s_single in // data.cc bool Parser::errNoTag([[maybe_unused]] int nElements, [[maybe_unused]] Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { stdEmsg(atd) << "the STYPE_ semantic value type does not support " "tags (`" << atd.text() << "')" << endl; return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/predefine.cc0000664000175000017500000000043714700504612016027 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::predefine(Terminal const *terminal) { d_symtab.insert ( Symtab::value_type ( terminal->name(), d_rules.insert(const_cast(terminal), terminal->name()) ) ).first->second->used(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalpolyptr.cc0000664000175000017500000000025714700504612016446 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $$-> bool Parser::dvalPolyPtr(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { return dvalPolyReplace(nElements < 0, block, atd, "->"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/checkfield.cc0000664000175000017500000000147314700504612016150 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::checkField(std::string const &field) { string msg; switch (d_semType) { case SINGLE: msg = "%type not available for %stype semantic values"; break; case POLYMORPHIC: if ( field != s_stype // STYPE_ is OK && d_polymorphic.find(field) == d_polymorphic.end() ) msg = "no polymorphic tag `" + field + '\''; break; case UNION: { Pattern pattern("\\b" + field + "\\b"); if (not (pattern << d_options.stype())) msg = "no union field `" + field + '\''; break; } } if (not msg.empty()) emsg << msg << endl; d_field = field; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/warnuntaggedvalue.cc0000664000175000017500000000040514700504612017604 0ustar frankfrank//#include "parser.ih" // //void Parser::warnUntaggedValue(AtDollar const &atd) const //{ // wmsg.setLineNr(atd.lineNr()); // wmsg << "rule " << &d_rules.lastProduction() << // ": using untagged semantic value `" << atd.text() << '\'' << endl; //} bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/cleanup.cc0000664000175000017500000000135714700504612015517 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::cleanup() { d_rules.clearLocations(); // locations aren't required anymore if (!d_rules.hasRules() || !d_rules.nProductions()) fmsg << "No production rules" << noid; emsg.setTag("error"); if (emsg.count()) // Terminate if parsing produced errors. throw 1; d_options.setAccessorVariables(); d_rules.augmentGrammar(d_symtab.lookup(d_rules.startRule())); d_options.setVerbosity(); // prepare Msg for verbose output // (--verbose, --construction) d_options.showFilenames(); // shows the verbosity-filename, otherwise // independent of the verbosity setting } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/setprecedence.cc0000664000175000017500000000202014700504612016665 0ustar frankfrank//#define XERR #include "parser.ih" Parser::STYPE_ Parser::setPrecedence(size_t type) { if (d_rules.empty()) { emsg << "`%prec " << d_matched << "': `%prec' requires a non-empty production" << endl; return STYPE_{}; } Symbol *sp = 0; // to prevent `sp uninitialized' warning by the // compiler switch (type) // the %prec argument: either a named operator or { // a char-operator case IDENTIFIER: sp = d_symtab.lookup(d_matched); break; case QUOTE: sp = d_symtab.lookup(d_scanner.canonicalQuote()); break; } // set the precedence of the current production rule. // if (sp && sp->isTerminal()) d_rules.setPrecedence(Terminal::downcast(sp)); else emsg << "`%prec " << d_matched << "': `" << d_matched << "' must be a declared terminal token" << endl; return STYPE_{}; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/definetokenname.cc0000664000175000017500000000055014700504612017216 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::defineTokenName(string const &name, bool hasValue) { defineTerminal(name, Symbol::SYMBOLIC_TERMINAL); if (hasValue) { wmsg << "deprecated use of explicit value: `" << name << ' ' << d_scanner.number() << '\'' << endl; d_rules.setLastTerminalValue(d_scanner.number()); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/loc.cc0000664000175000017500000000046714700504612014646 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // unused `nElements' is required when initializing s_union in data.cc bool Parser::loc([[maybe_unused]] int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { block.replace(atd.pos(), atd.length(), s_locationValue); warnForceLSP(atd.lineNr()); return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/blkdirect.cc0000664000175000017500000000042414700504612016025 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // unused ruleType is required when initializing s_defaultAction in data.cc void Parser::blkDirect([[maybe_unused]] string const &ruleType, Production const &prod) { installDefaultAction(prod, svsElement(prod.size(), 1) ); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/errnounionptr.cc0000664000175000017500000000022114700504612017001 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::errNoUnionPtr(AtDollar const &atd) { stdEmsg(atd) << "cannot use -> " "with plain union types" << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/frame0000664000175000017500000000005314700504612014566 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" Parser::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/expectrules.cc0000664000175000017500000000156214700504612016431 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::expectRules() { if (not d_polymorphic.empty()) d_polymorphic["END_TAG_"] = ""; // EndPolyType_ d_options.setParsingOptions(); // by default $$ = $1 actions are added when there's no action block. if (d_options.defaultActions().value == Options::UNKNOWN) d_options.setDefaultAction("std", "", 0); d_scanner.clearBlock(); Terminal::resetPrecedence(); // Incremented terminal priority must be // reset to 0: any terminal char-tokens // seen below in the rules must again // receive the initial (0) priority // at the end, inspect all nonterminals. if there are any undetermined // nonterminals left, change them into true nonterminals. d_rules.setNonTerminalTypes(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalpolymem.cc0000664000175000017500000000025314700504612016413 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $$. bool Parser::dvalPolyMem(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return dvalPolyReplace(nElements < 0, block, atd, "."); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/stdwmsg.cc0000664000175000017500000000033514700504612015553 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" ostream &Parser::stdWmsg(AtDollar const &atd) const { wmsg.setLineNr(atd.lineNr()); wmsg << "rule " << &d_rules.lastProduction() << ": "; wmsg.setLineNr(atd.lineNr()); return wmsg; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalrefunion.cc0000664000175000017500000000057314700504612016563 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // see parser.h about refByScanner for info why nElements < 0 // returns true. // $$ bool Parser::dvalRefUnion(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { return atd.refByScanner() ? dvalUnionReplace(nElements < 0, block, atd, "") : dvalReplace(false, block, atd, "") or nElements < 0; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/warnautotag.cc0000664000175000017500000000064214700504612016420 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" string Parser::warnAutoTag(bool midRule, AtDollar const &atd) const { string tag = productionTag(atd.nr()); // get the element's tag if (midRule and not tag.empty()) { stdWmsg(atd) << " auto " << s_autoTypeLabel[d_semType] << " `" << tag << "' ignored in mid-rule action" << endl; tag.clear(); } return tag; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svsunionmem.cc0000664000175000017500000000025714700504612016451 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $nr. $-nr. bool Parser::svsUnionMem(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { return svsUnionReplace(nElements, block, atd, "."); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/parserbase.h0000664000175000017500000003143414771271011016062 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Bisonc++ V6.09.01 on Thu, 27 Mar 2025 16:43:04 +0100 // hdr/includes #ifndef ParserBase_h_included #define ParserBase_h_included #include #include #include // $insert polyincludes #include // $insert preincludes #include "preheaders.h" #include "tokens.h" // hdr/baseclass namespace // anonymous { struct PI_; } // $insert polymorphic enum class Tag_ { SYMBOL, TERMINAL, BLOCK, TEXT, SIZE_T, BOOL, END_TAG_ }; class EndPolyType_ {}; namespace Meta_ { extern size_t const *t_nErrors; extern size_t const *s_nErrors_; template struct TagOf; template struct TypeOf; // $insert polymorphicSpecializations extern char const *idOfTag_[]; template <> struct TagOf { static Tag_ const tag = Tag_::SYMBOL; }; template <> struct TagOf { static Tag_ const tag = Tag_::TERMINAL; }; template <> struct TagOf { static Tag_ const tag = Tag_::BLOCK; }; template <> struct TagOf { static Tag_ const tag = Tag_::TEXT; }; template <> struct TagOf { static Tag_ const tag = Tag_::SIZE_T; }; template <> struct TagOf { static Tag_ const tag = Tag_::BOOL; }; template <> struct TagOf { static Tag_ const tag = Tag_::END_TAG_; }; template <> struct TypeOf { using type = Symbol *; }; template <> struct TypeOf { using type = Terminal *; }; template <> struct TypeOf { using type = Block; }; template <> struct TypeOf { using type = std::string; }; template <> struct TypeOf { using type = size_t; }; template <> struct TypeOf { using type = bool; }; template <> struct TypeOf { using type = EndPolyType_; }; // Individual semantic value classes are derived from Base, offering a // member returning the value's Tag_, a member cloning the object of its // derived Semantic and a member returning a pointerr to its // derived Semantic data. See also Bisonc++'s distribution file // README.polymorphic-techical class Base { protected: Tag_ d_baseTag; // d_baseTag is assigned by Semantic. public: Base() = default; Base(Base const &other) = delete; virtual ~Base(); Tag_ tag() const; Base *clone() const; void *data() const; private: virtual Base *vClone() const = 0; virtual void *vData() const = 0; }; inline Base *Base::clone() const { return vClone(); } inline void *Base::data() const { return vData(); } inline Tag_ Base::tag() const { return d_baseTag; } // The class Semantic stores a semantic value of the type matching tg_ template class Semantic: public Base { typename TypeOf::type d_data; public: Semantic(); Semantic(Semantic const &other); // req'd for cloning // This constructor member template forwards its arguments to // d_data, allowing it to be initialized using whatever // constructor is available for DataType template Semantic(Params &&...params); private: Base *vClone() const override; void *vData() const override; }; template Semantic::Semantic() { d_baseTag = tg_; // Base's data member: } template Semantic::Semantic(Semantic const &other) : d_data(other.d_data) { d_baseTag = other.d_baseTag; } template template Semantic::Semantic(Params &&...params) : d_data(std::forward(params) ...) { d_baseTag = tg_; } template Base *Semantic::vClone() const { return new Semantic{*this}; } template void *Semantic::vData() const { return const_cast::type *>(&d_data); } // The class SType wraps a pointer to Base. It becomes the polymorphic // STYPE_ type. It also defines get members, allowing constructions like // $$.get to be used. class SType: private std::unique_ptr { using BasePtr = std::unique_ptr; public: SType(); SType(SType const &other); SType(SType &&tmp); ~SType() = default; // Specific overloads are needed for SType = SType assignments SType &operator=(SType const &rhs); SType &operator=(SType &rhs); // required so it is used // instead of the template op= SType &operator=(SType &&tmp); // $insert polymorphicOpAssignDecl SType &operator=(Symbol * const &value); SType &operator=(Symbol * &&tmp); SType &operator=(Terminal * const &value); SType &operator=(Terminal * &&tmp); SType &operator=(Block const &value); SType &operator=(Block &&tmp); SType &operator=(std::string const &value); SType &operator=(std::string &&tmp); SType &operator=(size_t const &value); SType &operator=(size_t &&tmp); SType &operator=(bool const &value); SType &operator=(bool &&tmp); SType &operator=(EndPolyType_ const &value); SType &operator=(EndPolyType_ &&tmp); template void assign(Args &&...args); // By default the get()-members check whether the specified // matches the tag returned by SType::tag (d_data's tag). If they // don't match a run-time fatal error results. template typename TypeOf::type &get(); template typename TypeOf::type const &get() const; Tag_ tag() const; }; inline SType::SType() : std::unique_ptr(new Semantic{}) {} inline SType::SType(SType const &other) : BasePtr{ other->clone() } {} inline SType::SType(SType &&tmp) : BasePtr{ std::move(tmp) } { tmp = SType{}; // tmp remains valid } inline SType &SType::operator=(SType const &rhs) { reset(rhs->clone()); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(SType &rhs) { reset(rhs->clone()); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(SType &&tmp) { BasePtr::operator=(std::move(tmp)); return *this; } // $insert polymorphicOpAssignImpl inline SType &SType::operator=(Symbol * const &value) { assign< Tag_::SYMBOL >(value); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(Symbol * &&tmp) { assign< Tag_::SYMBOL >(std::move(tmp)); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(Terminal * const &value) { assign< Tag_::TERMINAL >(value); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(Terminal * &&tmp) { assign< Tag_::TERMINAL >(std::move(tmp)); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(Block const &value) { assign< Tag_::BLOCK >(value); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(Block &&tmp) { assign< Tag_::BLOCK >(std::move(tmp)); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(std::string const &value) { assign< Tag_::TEXT >(value); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(std::string &&tmp) { assign< Tag_::TEXT >(std::move(tmp)); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(size_t const &value) { assign< Tag_::SIZE_T >(value); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(size_t &&tmp) { assign< Tag_::SIZE_T >(std::move(tmp)); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(bool const &value) { assign< Tag_::BOOL >(value); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(bool &&tmp) { assign< Tag_::BOOL >(std::move(tmp)); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(EndPolyType_ const &value) { assign< Tag_::END_TAG_ >(value); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(EndPolyType_ &&tmp) { assign< Tag_::END_TAG_ >(std::move(tmp)); return *this; } template void SType::assign(Args &&...args) { reset(new Semantic(std::forward(args) ...)); } template typename TypeOf::type &SType::get() { // $insert warnTagMismatches if (tag() != tg) { if (*t_nErrors != 0) const_cast(this)->assign(); else { std::cerr << "[Fatal] calling `.get(tg)] << ">()', but Tag " << idOfTag_[static_cast(tag())] << " is encountered. Try " "option --debug and call setDebug(Parser::ACTIONCASES)\n"; throw 1; // ABORTs } } return *static_cast::type *>( (*this)->data() ); } template typename TypeOf::type const &SType::get() const { // $insert warnTagMismatches if (tag() != tg) { if (*t_nErrors != 0) const_cast(this)->assign(); else { std::cerr << "[Fatal] calling `.get(tg)] << ">()', but Tag " << idOfTag_[static_cast(tag())] << " is encountered. Try " "option --debug and call setDebug(Parser::ACTIONCASES)\n"; throw 1; // ABORTs } } return *static_cast::type *>( (*this)->data() ); } inline Tag_ SType::tag() const { return (*this)->tag(); } } // namespace Meta_ // $insert parserbase class ParserBase: public Tokens { public: enum DebugMode_ { OFF = 0, ON = 1 << 0, ACTIONCASES = 1 << 1 }; // $insert tokens // $insert STYPE using STYPE_ = Meta_::SType; private: // state semval using StatePair = std::pair; // token semval using TokenPair = std::pair; int d_stackIdx = -1; std::vector d_stateStack; StatePair *d_vsp = 0; // points to the topmost value stack size_t d_state = 0; TokenPair d_next; int d_token; bool d_terminalToken = false; bool d_recovery = false; protected: enum Return_ { PARSE_ACCEPT_ = 0, // values used as parse()'s return values PARSE_ABORT_ = 1 }; enum ErrorRecovery_ { UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_, }; bool d_actionCases_ = false; // set by options/directives bool d_debug_ = true; size_t d_requiredTokens_; size_t d_nErrors_; // initialized by clearin() size_t d_acceptedTokens_; STYPE_ d_val_; ParserBase(); void ABORT() const; void ACCEPT() const; void ERROR() const; STYPE_ &vs_(int idx); // value stack element idx int lookup_() const; int savedToken_() const; int token_() const; size_t stackSize_() const; size_t state_() const; size_t top_() const; void clearin_(); void errorVerbose_(); void lex_(int token); void popToken_(); void pop_(size_t count = 1); void pushToken_(int token); void push_(size_t nextState); void redoToken_(); bool recovery_() const; void reduce_(int rule); void shift_(int state); void startRecovery_(); public: void setDebug(bool mode); void setDebug(DebugMode_ mode); }; // hdr/abort inline void ParserBase::ABORT() const { throw PARSE_ABORT_; } // hdr/accept inline void ParserBase::ACCEPT() const { throw PARSE_ACCEPT_; } // hdr/error inline void ParserBase::ERROR() const { throw UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_; } // hdr/savedtoken inline int ParserBase::savedToken_() const { return d_next.first; } // hdr/opbitand inline ParserBase::DebugMode_ operator&(ParserBase::DebugMode_ lhs, ParserBase::DebugMode_ rhs) { return static_cast( static_cast(lhs) & rhs); } // hdr/opbitor inline ParserBase::DebugMode_ operator|(ParserBase::DebugMode_ lhs, ParserBase::DebugMode_ rhs) { return static_cast(static_cast(lhs) | rhs); }; // hdr/recovery inline bool ParserBase::recovery_() const { return d_recovery; } // hdr/stacksize inline size_t ParserBase::stackSize_() const { return d_stackIdx + 1; } // hdr/state inline size_t ParserBase::state_() const { return d_state; } // hdr/token inline int ParserBase::token_() const { return d_token; } // hdr/vs inline ParserBase::STYPE_ &ParserBase::vs_(int idx) { return (d_vsp + idx)->second; } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/blkstype.cc0000664000175000017500000000040514700504612015716 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // unused ruleType is required when initializing s_defaultAction in data.cc void Parser::blkSTYPE([[maybe_unused]] string const &ruleType, Production const &prod) { installDefaultAction(prod, s_stype + "{}"); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/blkcheckw.cc0000664000175000017500000000042514700504612016020 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::blkCheckW(string const &ruleType, Production const &prod) { (this->* ( ruleType == prod[0].sType() ? &Parser::blkAssignW : &Parser::blkErr ) )(ruleType, prod); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/preheaders.h0000664000175000017500000000035214700504612016046 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_PREHEADERS_H_ #define _INCLUDED_PREHEADERS_H_ #include #include #include #include #include #include "../rules/rules.h" #include "../symtab/symtab.h" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/driver/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612015046 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/parser/driver/build0000775000175000017500000003746614700504612016113 0ustar frankfrank#!/usr/bin/icmake -qt/tmp/driver // script generated by the C++ icmake script version 2.30 /* Configurable defines: CLASSES: string of directory-names under which sources of classes are found. E.g., CLASSES = "class1 class2" All class-names must be stored in one string. If classes are removed from the CLASSES definition or if the names in the CLASSES definition are reordered, the compilation should start again from scratch. */ string CLASSES; void setClasses() { // ADD ADDITIONAL DIRECTORIES CONTAINING SOURCES OF CLASSES HERE // Use the construction `CLASSES += "classname1 classname2";' etc. CLASSES += " "; } /* Default values for the following variables are found in $IM/default/defines.im BISON_FLAGS: This directive is only used when a grammar is generated using bison++. It defines the set of flags that are given to bison++ when bison++ generates the parser. By default the following flags are specified: -v -l The -d and -o flags are always provided (not configurable) BUILD_LIBRARY: define this if you want to create a library for the object modules. Undefined by default: so NO LIBRARY IS BUILT. This links ALL object files to a program, which is a faster process than linking to a library. But it can bloat the executable: all o-modules, rather than those that are really used, become part of the program's code. BUILD_PROGRAM: define if a program is to be built. If not defined, library maintenance is assumed (by default it is defined to the name of the program to be created). COMPILER: The compiler to use. COPT: C-options used by COMPILER LOPT: Define this (default: to "`wx-config --lib`") if a wxWindows program is constructed. In that case, you probably also want to define the COPT option `wx-config --cxxflags`, using, e.g., the following definition: #define COPT "-Wall `wx-config --cxxflags`" ECHO_REQUEST: ON (default) if command echoing is wanted, otherwise: set to OFF GDB: define if gdb-symbolic debug information is wanted (not defined by default) GRAMMAR_LINES: When this directive is defined, #line directives will be generated at the first C++ compound statement in each individual grammar specification file. Undefine if no such #line directives are required. LIBS: Extra libraries used for linking LIBPATH: Extra library-searchpaths used for linking QT: Define this (default: to "qt") if the unthreaded QT library is used. Define as "qt-mt" if the threaded QT library is used. If set, header files are grepped for the occurrence of the string '^[[:space:]]*Q_OBJECT[[:space:]]*$'. If found, moc -o moc.cc .h is called if the moc-file doesn't exist or is older than the .h file. Also, if defined the proper QT library is linked, assuming that the library is found in the ld-search path (E.g., see the environment variable $LIBRARY_PATH). Note that namespaces are NOT part of the build-script: they are only listed below for convenience. When they must be altered, the defaults must be changed in $IM/default/defines.im RELINK: Defined by default, causing a program to be relinked every time the script is called. Do not define it if relinking should only occur if a source is compiled. No effect for library maintenance. Current values: */ //#define BUILD_LIBRARY #define BUILD_PROGRAM "driver" #define COMPILER "g++" #define COPT "-Wall" //#define LOPT "`wx-config --libs`" #define ECHO_REQUEST 1 //#define GDB "-g" #define LIBS "" #define LIBPATH "" // local namespace is: FBB // using-declarations generated for: std:FBB // qt-mt can be used to select the threaded QT library //#define QT "qt" // NO CONFIGURABLE PARTS BELOW THIS LINE /* V A R S . I M */ string // contain options for cwd, // current WD libs, // extra libs, e.g., "-lrss -licce" libpath, // extra lib-paths, eg, "-L../rss" copt, // Compiler options lopt, // Linker options libxxx, // full library-path ofiles, // wildcards for o-files sources, // sources to be used current, // contains name of current dir. programname; // the name of the program to create int nClasses, // number of classes/subdirectories program; // 1: program is built list classes; // list of classes/directories /* parser.im */ void parser() { #ifdef GRAMBUILD chdir("parser/gramspec"); #ifdef GRAMMAR_LINES system("./grambuild lines"); #else system("./grambuild"); #endif chdir(".."); if ( exists("grammar") && "grammar" younger "parse.cc" ) // new parser needed #ifdef BISON_FLAGS exec("bisonc++", BISON_FLAGS, "grammar"); #else exec("bisonc++", "grammar"); #endif chdir(".."); #endif } /* S C A N N E R . I M */ void scanner() { string interactive; #ifdef INTERACTIVE interactive = "-I"; #endif #ifdef GRAMBUILD chdir("scanner"); if ( // new lexer needed exists("lexer") && ( "lexer" younger "yylex.cc" || ( exists("../parser/parser.h") && "../parser/parser.h" younger "yylex.cc" ) ) ) exec("flex", interactive, "lexer"); chdir(".."); #endif } /* I N I T I A L . I M */ void initialize() { echo(ECHO_REQUEST); sources = "*.cc"; ofiles = "o/*.o"; // std set of o-files copt = COPT; #ifdef GDB copt += " " + GDB; #endif #ifdef BUILD_PROGRAM program = 1; programname = BUILD_PROGRAM; #else program = 0; #endif; cwd = chdir("."); #ifdef GRAMBUILD if (exists("parser")) // subdir parser exists { CLASSES += "parser "; parser(); } if (exists("scanner")) // subdir scanner exists { CLASSES += "scanner "; scanner(); } #endif setClasses(); // remaining classes classes = strtok(CLASSES, " "); // list of classes nClasses = sizeof(classes); } /* M O C . I M */ void moc(string class) { string hfile; string mocfile; int ret; hfile = class + ".h"; mocfile = "moc" + class + ".cc"; if ( hfile younger mocfile // no mocfile or younger h file && // and Q_OBJECT found in .h file !system(P_NOCHECK, "grep '^[[:space:]]*Q_OBJECT[;[:space:]]*$' " + hfile) ) // then call moc. system("moc -o " + mocfile + " " + hfile); } /* O B J F I L E S . I M */ list objfiles(list files) { string file, objfile; int i; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(files); i++) { file = element(i, files); // determine element of the list objfile = "./o/" + change_ext(file, "o"); // make obj-filename if (objfile younger file) // objfile is younger { files -= (list)file; // remove the file from the list i--; // reduce i to test the next } } return (files); } /* A L T E R E D . I M */ list altered(list files, string target) { int i; string file; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(files); i++) // try all elements of the list { file = element(i, files); // use element i of the list if (file older target) // a file is older than the target { files -= (list)file; // remove the file from the list i--; // reduce i to inspect the next } // file of the list } return (files); // return the new list } /* F I L E L I S T . I M */ list file_list(string type, string library) { list files; files = makelist(type); // make all files of certain type #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY files = altered(files, library); // keep all files newer than lib. #endif files = objfiles(files); // remove if younger .obj exist return (files); } /* L I N K . I M */ void link(string library) { printf("\n"); exec(COMPILER, "-o", programname, #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY "-l" + library, #else ofiles, #endif libs, #ifdef QT "-l" + QT, #endif "-L.", libpath, lopt #ifdef LOPT , LOPT #endif #ifndef GDB , "-s" #endif ); printf("ok: ", programname, "\n"); } /* P R E F I X C L . I M */ void prefix_class(string class_id) { list o_files; string o_file; int i; chdir("o"); o_files = makelist("*.o"); for (i = 0; o_file = element(i, o_files); i++) exec("mv", o_file, class_id + o_file); chdir(".."); } /* R M C L A S S P . I M */ #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY string rm_class_id(string class_id, string ofile) { string ret; int index, n; n = strlen(ofile); for (index = strlen(class_id); index < n; index++) ret += element(index, ofile); return ret; } #endif void rm_class_prefix(string class_id) { #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY list o_files; string o_file; int i; chdir("o"); o_files = makelist("*.o"); for (i = 0; o_file = element(i, o_files); i++) exec("mv", o_file, rm_class_id(class_id, o_file)); chdir(".."); #endif } /* C C O M P I L E . I M */ void c_compile(list cfiles) { string nextfile; int i; if (!exists("o")) system("mkdir o"); if (sizeof(cfiles)) // files to compile ? { printf("\ncompiling: ", current, "\n\n"); // compile all files separately for (i = 0; nextfile = element(i, cfiles); i++) exec(COMPILER, "-c -o o/" + change_ext(nextfile, "o"), copt, nextfile); printf("\n"); } printf("ok: ", current, "\n"); } /* U P D A T E L I . I M */ void updatelib(string library) { #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY list arlist, objlist; string to, from; objlist = makelist("o/*.o"); if (!sizeof(objlist)) return; printf("\n"); exec("ar", "rvs", library, "o/*.o"); exec("rm", "o/*.o"); printf("\n"); #endif } /* S T D C P P . I M */ void std_cpp(string library) { list cfiles; cfiles = file_list(sources, library); // make list of all cpp-files c_compile(cfiles); // compile cpp-files } /* C P P M A K E . C CPP files are processed by stdmake. Arguments of CPPMAKE: cpp_make( string mainfile, : name of the main .cpp file, or "" for library maintenance string library, : name of the local library to use/create (without lib prefix or .a/.so suffix (E.g., use `main' for `libmain.a') ) Both mainfile and library MUST be in the current directory */ void cpp_make(string mainfile, string library) { int index; string class; if (nClasses) ofiles += " */o/*.o"; // set ofiles for no LIBRARY use // make library name #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY libxxx = chdir(".") + "lib" + library + ".a"; #endif // first process all classes for (index = 0; index < nClasses; index++) { class = element(index, classes); // next class to process chdir(class); // change to directory current = "subdir " + class; #ifdef QT moc(class); // see if we should call moc #endif std_cpp(libxxx); // compile all files chdir(cwd); // go back to parent dir } current = "auxiliary " + sources + " files"; std_cpp(libxxx); // compile all files in current dir #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY // prefix class-number for .o files for (index = 0; index < nClasses; index++) { current = element(index, classes); // determine class name chdir( current); // chdir to a class directory. prefix_class((string)index); updatelib(libxxx); chdir(cwd); // go back to parent dir } current = ""; // no class anymore updatelib(libxxx); // update lib in current dir #endif if (mainfile != "") // mainfile -> do link { link(library); printf ( "\nProgram construction completed.\n" "\n" ); } } /* S E T L I B S . I M */ void setlibs() { #ifdef LIBS int n, index; list cut; cut = strtok(LIBS, " "); // cut op libraries n = sizeof(cut); for (index = 0; index < n; index++) libs += " -l" + element(index, cut); cut = strtok(LIBPATH, " "); // cut up the paths n = sizeof(cut); for (index = 0; index < n; index++) libpath += " -L" + element(index, cut); #endif } void main() { initialize(); setlibs(); #ifdef BUILD_PROGRAM cpp_make ( "driver.cc", // program source "driver" // static program library ); #else cpp_make ( "", "driver" // static- or so-library ); #endif } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/driver/driver.cc0000664000175000017500000000045314700504612016652 0ustar frankfrank/* driver.cc */ #include "driver.h" #include "../inputgrammar.h" using namespace std; using namespace FBB; int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) { Arg &arg = Arg::initialize("", argc, argv); InputGrammar input; input.parse(); return 0; } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/driver/driver.h0000664000175000017500000000024614700504612016514 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_DRIVER_H_ #define _INCLUDED_DRIVER_H_ #include #include namespace FBB { } using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/dvalpar.cc0000664000175000017500000000024414700504612015513 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $$( bool Parser::dvalPar(int nElements, Block &block, AtDollar const &atd) { return dvalReplace(nElements < 0, block, atd, "("); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/svs.cc0000664000175000017500000000025114700504612014673 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" // $nr _$nr $-nr _$-nr bool Parser::svs(int nElements, Block &block,AtDollar const &atd) { return svsReplace(nElements, block, atd, ""); } bisonc++-6.09.01/parser/warnmissingsemval.cc0000664000175000017500000000055214700504612017635 0ustar frankfrank#include "parser.ih" void Parser::warnMissingSemval() const { string const &stype = d_rules.sType(); if (stype.empty() or d_options.tagMismatches().value != Options::ON) return; wmsg << "`rule " << &d_rules.lastProduction() << "': confirm action block returns a required " << stype << " value" << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/plainwarnings.cc0000664000175000017500000000023014700504612015435 0ustar frankfrank#include namespace Global { void plainWarnings() { FBB::wmsg.setTag("Warning"); FBB::wmsg.noLineNr(); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/production/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012014450 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/production/production.h0000664000175000017500000001003014700504612016776 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_PRODUCTION_ #define _INCLUDED_PRODUCTION_ #include #include #include #include #include "../block/block.h" #include "../symbol/symbol.h" #include "../terminal/terminal.h" // NOTE: To obtain all productions of a certain Non-Terminal, use // NonTerminal's `productions()' member // A Production is a vector of symbols. Its elements specify the RHS elements // of the producion LHS -> RHS. Several of the vector's public members are // available, see the public: section. class Production: private std::vector { using Inherit = std::vector; friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, Production const *production); Terminal const *d_precedence; // 0 or a pointer to some terminal // defining this production's // precedence (through %prec) Block d_action; // action associated with this // production. Symbol const *d_nonTerminal; // pointer to the lhs nonterminal of // this production size_t d_nr; // production order number // over all productions, // starts at 1 mutable bool d_used; // true once this production has been // used. size_t d_lineNr; // line in the grammar file where the // production is defined. size_t d_nameIdx; // index in s_filename of the name of // the file in which this production // is defined. static size_t s_nr; // incremented at each new production static bool s_unused; // prevents multiple 'unused // production rules' warnings static Production const *s_startProduction; // a pointer to the start // production rule. static std::vector s_fileName; public: using Inherit::size; using Inherit::begin; using Inherit::end; using Inherit::rbegin; using Inherit::rend; using Inherit::push_back; using Vector = std::vector; using ConstVector = std::vector; using ConstIter = ConstVector::const_iterator; Production(Symbol const *nonTerminal, size_t lineNr); Block const &action() const; void setBlockLineNr(size_t lineNr); Symbol const &operator[](size_t idx) const; // same as rhs(idx) Symbol const *rhs(size_t idx) const; // idx-ed symbol in the rhs Symbol const *lhs() const; Terminal const *precedence() const; bool hasAction() const; bool isEmpty() const; size_t nr() const; void used() const; // d_used is mutable void setAction(Block const &block); void setPrecedence(Terminal const *terminal); std::string const &fileName() const; size_t lineNr() const; static Production const *start(); static void insertAction(Production const *prod, std::ostream &out, bool lineDirectives, size_t indent); static void setStart(Production const *production); static void termToNonterm(Production *pPtr, Symbol *terminal, Symbol *nonTerminal); static void unused(Production const *production); static bool notUsed(); static void storeFilename(std::string const &filename); void setLineNr(size_t lineNr); private: Symbol *vectorIdx(size_t idx) const; std::ostream &standard(std::ostream &out) const; }; #include "production.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/production/insertaction.cc0000664000175000017500000000144114700504612017456 0ustar frankfrank#include "production.ih" void Production::insertAction(Production const *prod, std::ostream &out, bool lineDirectives, size_t indent) { if (! prod->hasAction()) return; out << setw(indent) << "" << "case " << prod->nr() << ":\n"; size_t begin = 0; Block const &block = prod->action(); if (lineDirectives) out << "#line " << block.lineNr() << " \"" << block.source() << "\"\n"; while (true) { size_t end = block.find_first_of('\n', begin); out << setw(indent) << "" << block.substr(begin, end - begin) << "\n"; if (end == string::npos) break; begin = end + 1; } out << setw(indent) << "" << "break;\n" "\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/production/production.ih0000664000175000017500000000020714700504612017154 0ustar frankfrank#include "production.h" #include #include #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/production/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000025014700504612015662 0ustar frankfrank#include "production.ih" size_t Production::s_nr; bool Production::s_unused; Production const *Production::s_startProduction; vector Production::s_fileName; bisonc++-6.09.01/production/unused.cc0000664000175000017500000000047414700504612016264 0ustar frankfrank#include "production.ih" void Production::unused(Production const *production) { if (!production->d_used) { if (!s_unused) { wmsg << "Unused production rule(s):" << endl; s_unused = true; } wmsg << " " << production << endl; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/production/production.f0000664000175000017500000000320714700504612017004 0ustar frankfrankinline void Production::setBlockLineNr(size_t lineNr) { d_action.setLineNr(lineNr); } inline void Production::setLineNr(size_t lineNr) { d_lineNr = lineNr; } inline std::string const &Production::fileName() const { return s_fileName[d_nameIdx]; } inline size_t Production::lineNr() const { return d_lineNr; } inline bool Production::notUsed() { return s_unused; } inline Symbol const *Production::rhs(size_t idx) const { return vectorIdx(idx); } inline Symbol const *Production::lhs() const { return d_nonTerminal; } inline size_t Production::nr() const { return d_nr; } inline void Production::used() const { d_used = true; } inline Block const &Production::action() const { return d_action; } inline bool Production::hasAction() const { return !d_action.empty(); } inline bool Production::isEmpty() const { return empty() && d_action.empty(); } inline Terminal const *Production::precedence() const { return d_precedence; } inline Symbol const &Production::operator[](size_t idx) const { return *vectorIdx(idx); } inline void Production::setAction(Block const &block) { d_action = block; } inline void Production::setStart(Production const *production) { s_startProduction = production; } inline Production const *Production::start() { return s_startProduction; } inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, Production const *prod) { return prod->standard(out); } inline void Production::termToNonterm(Production *pPtr, Symbol *terminal, Symbol *nonTerminal) { std::replace(pPtr->begin(), pPtr->end(), terminal, nonTerminal); } bisonc++-6.09.01/production/storeFilename.cc0000664000175000017500000000035314700504612017552 0ustar frankfrank#include "production.ih" void Production::storeFilename(string const &filename) { if ( find(s_fileName.begin(), s_fileName.end(), filename) == s_fileName.end() ) s_fileName.push_back(filename); } bisonc++-6.09.01/production/production1.cc0000664000175000017500000000036514700504612017227 0ustar frankfrank#include "production.ih" Production::Production(Symbol const *nonTerminal, size_t lineNr) : d_precedence(0), d_nonTerminal(nonTerminal), d_nr(++s_nr), d_used(false), d_lineNr(lineNr), d_nameIdx(s_fileName.size() - 1) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/production/standard.cc0000664000175000017500000000062014700504612016552 0ustar frankfrank#include "production.ih" std::ostream &Production::standard(std::ostream &out) const { out << d_nr << ": " << lhs(); if (d_precedence != 0) out << " (" << d_precedence << ')'; out << " -> "; if (size() == 0) out << " "; else { for (const_iterator sym = begin(); sym != end(); ++sym) out << ' ' << *sym; } return out; } bisonc++-6.09.01/production/setprecedence.cc0000664000175000017500000000021214700504612017560 0ustar frankfrank#include "production.ih" #include void Production::setPrecedence(Terminal const *terminal) { d_precedence = terminal; } bisonc++-6.09.01/production/frame0000664000175000017500000000006314700504612015461 0ustar frankfrank#include "production.ih" Production::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/production/vectoridx.cc0000664000175000017500000000022514700504612016762 0ustar frankfrank#include "production.ih" Symbol *Production::vectorIdx(size_t idx) const { return idx >= size() ? 0 : std::vector::operator[](idx); } bisonc++-6.09.01/README-0.980000664000175000017500000000237714700504612013544 0ustar frankfrankBisonc++ 0.98 is a complete rewrite of the well-known bison(++) parser generator. See the manual page for details. Several demo programs are found below the bisonc++/documentation/examples directory. In that directory there's a README file describing the purposes of the various examples. The (original) bison documentation is provided in html format in the directory bisonc++/documentation/html. The Debian package (bisonc++*.deb) installs that documentation below /usr/share/doc/bisonc++. Note that bisonc++'s specifications differs from bison's specifications, in particular with respect to the declaration section. The production rule specification section is, however, practically identical to the one defined for bison. There are some differences, though. Consult bisonc++'s manpage (installed by the Debian package, otherwise available in the directory bisonc++/documentation/man) for the differences. Since it is a complete rewrite it is quite likely that bugs will be encountered. Bison itself offers an extensive input grammar, and I may easily have overlooked various subtleties. Do not hesitate to contact me when you encounter a bug. A (small) grammar illustrating your point is then always extremely useful. Frank. May 2005-April 2006 (f.b.brokken@rug.nl) bisonc++-6.09.01/README.class-setup0000664000175000017500000000504614700504612015406 0ustar frankfrankThis hierarchy defines the header and the implementation dependencies among the classes. The topmost class is not dependent on any class. Lines should be read down-to-up to find the the lowest class in the hierarchy on which a given class depends (e.g., LookaheadSet depends on Grammar, and possibly uses the classes used by Grammar; RmReduction does not depend on any other class). AtDollar Element | | Block FirstSet | | +-------+ Symbol | | | | | Terminal | | | | +---------------+ | | | Production | | | NonTerminal | | | +---------------+ | | | | Symtab Rules | | | | +--------+------+ | | | | | Grammar | | | | | LookaheadSet | | | | | +-----------+ | | | | | | Item RRData RmShift RmReduction | | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | | | | EnumSolution StateType StateItem | | | | | | | | | +--+ | | | | | | | | +---------------+---------------+ | | | | | | | Next | | | | | | Options | SrConflict RRConflict | | | | | | | | +------------------+ | | | | | +----------- | --------+ State | | | | | +---+ | | Writer | | | | Scanner | +----------------+ | | | +----------------+ | | | Parser Generator | | +--------------------------+ | bisonc++ bisonc++-6.09.01/README.flex0000664000175000017500000000110514700504612014071 0ustar frankfrank About the lexical scanner ========================= Bisonc++ uses a lexical scanner generated by flex. The file bisonc++/scanner/yylex.cc depends on a file FlexLexer.h having different contents over different `flex' versions. Bisonc++ therefore also depends on flex being installed, callable as the program `flex'. Starting with Bisonc++ version 2.4.2 the build process will create scanner/yylex.cc from the file scanner/lexer and scanner/yylex.cc is no longer included in Bisonc++'s distribution. Frank. bisonc++-6.09.01/README.insertions0000664000175000017500000000104414700504612015332 0ustar frankfrankClasses Item, Next, NonTerminal, StateItem and Terminal use a static inserter() function to define the way the object is inserted into a stream. These functions expect addresses of member functions defining a particular insertion as their arguments. In the class header files the members that define an insertion type are listed immediately following the inserter() prototype. Currently only the Terminal class supports a manipulator functionality for these member functions, allowing a insertion mode-switch within a single insertion statement. bisonc++-6.09.01/README.lookaheads0000664000175000017500000000053514700504612015253 0ustar frankfrankThe algorithm that is used to compute the look-ahead sets of all items of all states of a grammar is described in chapter 7 (The Bisonc++ Parser Algorithm) of Bisonc++'s user mannual, as well as in the state/determinelasets.cc source file. Please refer to these documentation sources for further information about the LA sets computation algorithm. bisonc++-6.09.01/README.output0000664000175000017500000000063414700504612014501 0ustar frankfrankOutput to the xxx.output file by the --verbose or --construction flags are mostly handled from the State::allStates() function. This function calls State's operator<<, which is initialized by a pointer pointing to either insertStd, insertExt or skipInsertion. Inspect state/insertstd.cc for the standard insertion method and state/insertext.cc for the extensive insertion method. bisonc++-6.09.01/README.parser0000664000175000017500000000413214700504612014432 0ustar frankfrankBisonc++ 2.0.0 uses a grammar specification file (parser/grammar) defining the input language that it will recognize. The grammar specification file was initially written to be used with Bisonc++ 1.6.1, but once Bisonc++ 2.0.0 was available it was split into various subfiles, each having a well defined function. As a result, the individual grammar specification files are fairly small, which facilitates understanding of the grammar. The main grammar specification file is the file parser/grammar, the subdirectory parser/spec contains the grammar specification subfiles: parser/spec/messages parser/spec/precedence parser/spec/optrules parser/spec/directives parser/spec/symbols parser/spec/rules parser/spec/productionlist parser/spec/auxiliary parser/grammar: A short file, defining tokens, the semantic value union, the grammar's start rule and one support rule used by the start rule. parser/spec/messages: Defines all rules that expect a token and assign an appropriate text to the syntactic error message variable `d_msg'. All these rules end in _t. Another set of rules (ending in _m) merely set the `d_msg' data member. parser/spec/precedence: Defines support rules when recognizing the precedence (LEFT, RIGHT, NONASSOC) and TOKEN terminals directives. These rules end in _p. parser/spec/optrules Defines rules for all tokens that may optionally be given. These rules all start with the phrase `opt'. parser/spec/directives Defines the syntax for each of Bisonc++'s directives. parser/spec/symbols All precedence directives, the %token directive and the %type directive all expect one or more symbols. The `symbols' rule is defined in this file. parser/spec/rules Defines the grammar recognizing Bisonc++'s rules parser/spec/productionlist Defines the grammar recognizing the production rules recognized by Bisonc++. parser/spec/auxiliary Defines rules that are used in at least two specification files. These rules all end in _a. bisonc++-6.09.01/README.polymorphic0000664000175000017500000000031114700504612015476 0ustar frankfrankA short demo program is found in documentation/manual/grammar/poly/; A demo illustrating the way polymorphic semantic type assignment works is provided in documentation/manual/grammar/essence/demo.cc. bisonc++-6.09.01/README.polymorphic-technical0000664000175000017500000001154314700504612017437 0ustar frankfrankPolymorphic semantic values are used when the %polymorphic directive is used. E.g., in the specification '%polymorphic TEXT: std::string;' 'TEXT' is the semantic value tag name used in the grammar specification, and 'std::string' is the C++ type that's used when referring to TEXT. The (polymorphic) semantic value type used by the grammar is 'Parser::STYPE_'. By associating non-terminals with a polymorphic semantic value type (using %type specifications, like '%type identifier') $$ values used by the specified non-terminal automatically use the indicated semantic value tag name. E.g., identifier: IDENTIFIER { $$ = d_matched; } ; When using %type specifications a C++ type can directly be assigned to $$, and the intended semantic value tag does not have to be specified. Parser::STYPE_ is available in Parser, but it's defined in parserbase.h. Thus the type is 'owned' by bisonc++, and cannot be modified in the Parser class. In addition to the polymorphic tag types defined in the grammar file, a final %polymorphic specification is added to the generated grammar: %polymorphic END_TAG_: EndPolyType_ where both END_TAG_ and EndPolyType_ are (because of the trailing underscores) names that cannot be used otherwise. A default constructed STYPE_ object refers to END_TAG_ and contains an End_PolyType value: it is merely used to ensure that an STYPE_ value is always defined. E.g., it is used in Parser::setPrecedence. The parserbase.h file is generated by members of the class Generator, starting with the skeletons/bisonc++base.h file (in this README file the names used by default are used). When generating files the skeletons use $insert specifications which are recognized by Generator::filter, calling the corresponding functions specified in Generator::s_insert (generator/data.cc). The names of those functions are identical to the names used at the $insert specifications (e.g. '$insert polymorphic' Generator::polymorphic is called to generate that part of the generated file). It starts by defining the enum class Tag_ followed by the definiton of the (empty) class EndPolyType_. E.g., for bisonc++ itself it is: // $insert polymorphic enum class Tag_ { SYMBOL, TERMINAL, BLOCK, TEXT, SIZE_T, BOOL, END_TAG_ }; class EndPolyType_ {}; Semantic value handling is defined in the namespace Meta_ (covered below). Once the Meta_ namespace has been defined the class ParserBase is defined ($insert parserbase). Here, STYPE_ is defined by using STYPE_ = Meta_::SType; For each polymorphic tag / C++ type combination the Meta_ namespace defines template struct TagOf; and template struct TypeOf; and also specializations for the semantic value tags / C++ types, defining, respectively the associated C++ types and semantic value tags. E.g., template <> struct TagOf { static Tag_ const tag = Tag_::TEXT; }; and template <> struct TypeOf { using type = std::string; }; Meta_::SType is a wrapper class, derived from std::unique_ptr It contains the common constructors (default, copy, move), operator= members for all polymorphic C++ types, an explicit assign member template handling the assignments in the operator= members, as in: inline SType &SType::operator=(std::string const &value) { assign< Tag_::TEXT >(value); return *this; } and get() members returning the C++ data values of the polymorphic semantic types (called, assuming STYPE_ value is available) as value.get(). If 'value' does holds a different polymorphic semantic value then a fatal error results. Finally, it has a member 'tag()' returning the STYPE_'s Tag_ value. Next, the Meta_ namespace defines the polymorphic base class Base. Each STYPE_ object contains a pointer to a Base object, which in fact points to an instantiation of the class template Semantic (see below), where each Semantic object is constructed for a particular Tag_ (like Semantic_, constructed for the %polymorphic TEXT: std::string polymorphic value. As Base is the polymorphic base class, all characteristics of the various Semantic types are accessed via Base members: Tag_ tag() const; returns the Semantic value's tag Base *clone() const; returns a pointer to a newly allocated copy of the current Semantic object void *data() const; returns a pointer to the data of the Semantic object. The class template Semantic has standard constructors and a template constructor member specifying the required argument(s) and Tag_. Other than that, its vClone and vData member implementations are provided in parserbase.h bisonc++-6.09.01/README.states0000664000175000017500000002215614700504612014447 0ustar frankfrankThis file contains a short description about the way states and look-aheads (LA's) are constructed. The example does not cover new information. In fact, it follows the construction of the states of the grammar given in example 4.42 in Aho et al. A more extensive description is found in documentation/manual/algorithm.yo The grammar has the following production rules (numbered 1-3): 1 S' -> S 2 S -> CC 3 C -> cC 4 C -> d Production rule 1 is added to the grammar, representing the so-called augmented grammar. When this rule is recognized at end-of-input (represented by $) then the input is grammatically correct, and the parser will flag `success'. $ is called a `look ahead' (LA) token. LA's may be in sets, which are used to determine whether a rule (when potentially recognized) will be reduced or not. So, when recognizing S, it is only reduced to S' (by rule S' -> S) if $ is indeed the next input token (i.e., if the end-of-input has been reached. With the starting rule an `item' is associated. An items consists of a rule, having a `dot' and a LA-set. The dot (.) represents the point to where input has been recognized. So, initially we have, starting from rule 1 and using [] to contain the LA token(s): S' -> . S [$] This is the starting point, state 0, and this point of departure defines the `kernel' of a state. To the kernel additional (production) rules and new LA-sets may be added as follows: New rules: If a . is followed by a non-terminal all production rules of that non-terminal are added to the item as new items having dots in postion 0. This process is followed for the newly added production rules as well until no more rules are added. LA-sets: Here is where it gets a bit complicated. To find LA-sets the FIRST function must be defined first. The FIRST function defines the set of terminal tokens that can be encountered at the start of a (series of) grammatical tokens. This FIRST-set is determined as follows: - if X is a terminal token x, FIRST(X) is [x]. - if X is empty FIRST(X) is [e] (the empty set) - if X is a production rule X1 X2 ... Xn then: FIRST(X) is FIRST(X1), except [e]. If [e] was removed, FIRST(X2) is added to the set, again removing [e], if it was now added to the set. This process is repeated until an Xi was without [e], or until FIRST(Xn) was added to the set. In this final case, if FIRST(Xn) contains [e] it is kept For our little grammar, we have the following FIRST sets: S' -> S FIRST(S') = FIRST(S) S -> CC FIRST(S) = FIRST(C) C -> cC FIRST(cC) = [c] C -> d FIRST(d) = [d] so, FIRST(S') = FIRST(S) = FIRST(C) = FIRST(S) = [cd] Back to the LA-sets: In a state having an item: A -> x . B y, [a] with A, B non-terminals, x, y possibly empty series of terminal symbols and [a] the LA-set belonging to this item (so, x . B y is a production rule of A with a dot), all B's production rules are added to the state having FIRST(ya) as its LA-set. Having constructed a state, the dots are moved one symbol to the right. Every unique grammar symbol thus shifted represents a `shift' in the parsing process to another state. A shift may result in a shift to an earlier state. This earlier state may thus see its LA-set expanded, which expansion must then propagate to all states derived from that state. When no shift is possible, a reduction takes place. If a state has only a single reduction, then this becomes the default reduction (on any symbol not resulting in a shift). If a state has multiple reductions, then this is ok if their LA-sets are different. Otherwise the grammar contains a reduce-reduce conflict. Analogously, if a reduction on a certain LA-set is indicated, but there's also a shift required for (one or more) terminal tokens in the LA-set, then the grammar contains a shift-reduce conflict. At each rule in each state actions/gotos are specified: `goto' a state if the symbol following a dot is a nonterminal, `shift' to a state if the symbol following a dot is a terminal, or reduce according to a production rule if the dot is at the end of a production rule. This indicates that a rule has been recognized, and if an action block has been defined for such a production rule, it is executed at that point (i.e., at the point where the reduction takes place). Now it's time to start constructing states, called S0, S1, S2, etc. Production rules are numbered by their original number. S0: 1 S' -> . S [$] On S goto S1 for S' -> . S [$] compute, matching A -> x . B y, [a], FIRST(y a) as FIRST( $), which is: [$], LA for the next S rule: add S-rule: 2 S -> . C C [$] On C goto S2 for S -> . C C [$] compute, matching A -> x . B y, [a], FIRST(y a) as FIRST(C $), which is: [cd], LA for the next C rules: add C-rules: 3 C -> . c C [cd] On c shift S3 4 C -> . d [cd] On d shift S4 having (of course) the same LA set. `Of course', since the LA set does not depend on this production rule, but on the rule causing this addition. So, once a nonterminal is added, the LA-set of its production rules is determined once. Continuing this way, each of the previous state's items is processed in turn: S1: 1 S' -> S . [$] Reduce to S' by rule 1. This is the ACCEPT state S2: 2 S -> C . C [$] On C goto S5 for S -> C . C [$] compute, matching A -> x . B y, [a] FIRST(y a) as FIRST( $), which is: [$], LA for the next C rules: 3 C -> . c C [$] On c shift S3 (Adding [$] to S3's LA-set) 4 C -> . d [$] On d shift S4 (Adding [$] to S4's LA-set) S3: 3 C -> c . C [cd]+[$] from S2 On C goto S6 (Adding [cd] to S5's LA-set) for C -> c . C [cd]+[$] compute, matching A -> x . B y, [a] FIRST(y a ) as FIRST( [cd]), which is: [cd]+[$] 3 C -> . c C [cd]+[$] On c shift S3 4 C -> . d [cd]+[$] On d shift S4 S4: 4 C -> d . [cd]+[$] from S2 Reduce to C by rule 4 S5: 2 S -> C C . [$] Reduce to S by rule 2 S6: 3 C -> c C . [cd]+[$] Reduce to C by rule 3 Now, the action/goto table can be summarized: ------------------------------------ action goto ------------------------------------ State c d $ S C ------------------------------------ 0 s3 s4 s1 s2 1 acc 2 s3 s4 s5 3 s3 s4 s6 4 r4 r4 r4 5 r2 [d] 6 r3 r3 r3 ------------------------------------ [d]: use this by default for every next token If a grammatical rule has an empty production the same procedure is followed. Consider: 1 S' -> S 2 S -> S E 3 S -> 4 E -> n 5 E -> i (representing a grammar accepting possibly empty series of numbers and identifiers). The grammar is constructed as follows: FIRST(E) = [in], FIRST(S') = FIRST(S) = [in$] S0: S' -> . S [$] On S: goto S1 Obtaining [$] from the above rule: S -> . S E [$] On S: goto S1 S -> . [$] Default: reduce to S S1: S' -> S . [$] On $: ACCEPT S -> S . E [$] On E: goto S2 Add E-rules: match A -> b . B y [a] with: S -> S . E [$] E -> . n [$] On n shift S3 E -> . i [$] On i shift S4 S2: S -> S E . [$] REDUCE S3: E -> n . [$] REDUCE S4: E -> i . [$] REDUCE Action/Goto table: ------------------------------------ action goto ------------------------------------ State i n $ S E ------------------------------------ 0 r3[d] s1 1 s3 s4 acc s2 2 r2[d] 3 r4[d] 4 r5[d] ------------------------------------ bisonc++-6.09.01/README.states-and-conflicts0000664000175000017500000002500214700504612017162 0ustar frankfrankThe information in this file is closely related to what's happening in state/define.cc. Refer to define.cc for the implementation of the process described below. All functions mentioned below are defined by the class State. Defining states proceeds as follows: 0. The initial state is constructed. It contains the augmented grammar's production rule. This part is realized by the static member initialState(); Following this, states are constructed via State::construct, initially called for the initial state (state 0) State construction (i.e., State::construct) consists of two steps: 1. All items are defined in State::setItems as either reducible items (no transitions) or non-reducible items (when the dot is not beyond the last item's symbol). Whenever there are non-reducible items 2. 1. From the state's kernel item(s) all implied rules are added as additional state items. This results in a vector of (kernel/non-kernel) items, >>!! as well as per item the numbers of the items that are affected by this item. This information is used later on to propagate the LA's. This part is realized by the member setItems() This fills the StateItem::Vector vector. A StateItem contains 1. an item (containing a production rule, dot position, and LA set) 2. a size_t vector of indices of `dependent' items, indicating which items have LA sets that depend on the current item (StateItem::d_child). 3. The size_t field `d_nextIdx' holds the index in d_nextVector, allowing quick access of the d_nextVector element defining the state having the current item as its kernel. A next value 'npos' indicates that the item does not belong to a next-kernel. E.g., StateItem: ------------------------------------- item LA-set dependent next stateitems state ------------------------------------- S* -> . S, EOF, (1, 2) 0 ... ------------------------------------- Also, State::d_nextVector vector is filled. A Next element contains 0. The symbol on which the transition takes place 1. The number of the next state 2. The indices of the StateItem::Vector defining the next state's kernel E.g., Next: ------------------------------- On next next kernel Symbol state from items ------------------------------- S ? (0, 1) ... ------------------------------- Empty production rules don't require special handling as they won't appear in the Next table, since there's no transition on them. Next, from these facilities all states are constructed. LA propagation is performed after the state construction State construction takes place (in the while loop in State::define.cc following the initial state construction). 2. After the state construction the LA sets of the items are computed. State 0's single kernel item is S_$: . S, and represents the augmented grammar's start rule, just before observing the grammar's start symbol. The LA sets are computed by State::determineLAsets. The file state/determinelasets.cc contains a description of the implemented algorithm, as does chapter 7 (The Bisonc++ Parser Algorithm) of Bisonc++'s User Guide. The reader is referred to these documentation sources for further information about the LA set computation algorithm. 3. Once all states have been constructed, conflicts are located and solved. If a state contains conflict, they are resolved and information about these conflicts is stored in an SRConflict::Vector and/or RRConflict::Vector. Conflicts are identified and resolved by the member: State::checkConflicts(); 4. S/R conflicts are handled by the d_srConflict object. This object received at construction time a context consisting of the state's d_itemVector and d_nextVector as well as d_reducible containing all indices of reducible items. Each of these indices is the index of a reducible item which is, together with a context consisting of the state's d_itemVector and d_nextVector, passed to Next::checkShiftReduceConflict(), which solves the observed shift-reduce conflicts. Here is how this is done: Assume a state's itemVector holds the following StateItems: 0: [P11 3] expression -> expression '-' expression . { EOLN '+' '-' '*' '/' ')' } 0, 1, () -1 1: [P10 1] expression -> expression . '+' expression { EOLN '+' '-' '*' '/' ')' } 0, 0, () 0 2: [P11 1] expression -> expression . '-' expression { EOLN '+' '-' '*' '/' ')' } 0, 0, () 1 3: [P12 1] expression -> expression . '*' expression { EOLN '+' '-' '*' '/' ')' } 0, 0, () 2 4: [P13 1] expression -> expression . '/' expression { EOLN '+' '-' '*' '/' ')' } 0, 0, () 3 and the associated nextVector is: 0: On '+' to state 15 with (1 ) 1: On '-' to state 16 with (2 ) 2: On '*' to state 17 with (3 ) 3: On '/' to state 18 with (4 ) Conflicts are inspected for all reducible items. Here the reducible item is the item having index 0. Inspection involves (but see below for an extension of this process when the LHS of a reducible item differs from the LHS of a non-reducible item): 1. The nextVector's symbols are searched for in the LA set of the reduction item (so, subsequently '+', '-', '*' and '/' are searched for in the LA set of itemVector[0]). 2. In this case, all are found and depending on the token's priority and the rule's priority either a shift or a reduce is selected. Production rules received their priority setting either explicitly (using %prec) or from their first terminal token. See also rules/updateprecedences.cc What happens if neither occurs? In a rule like 'expr: term' there is no first terminal token and there is no %prec being used. In these cases the rule is removed, by default using a shift instead of a reduce (until 4.00.00 this was handled incorrectly by giving the reduction rule the highest precedence, using a reduce rather than a shift) The problem with rules without precedence was originally brought to my attention by Ramanand Mandayam. Different LHS elements of items: As pointed out by Ramanand Mandayam, S/R conflicts may be observed when reducible rules merely consist of non-terminals. Here is an example: %left '*' %token ID %% expr: term ; term: term '*' primary | ID ; primary: '-' expr | ID ; This grammar contains the following state State 2: 0: [P1 1] expr -> term . { } 1, () -1 1: [P2 1] term -> term . '*' primary { '*' } 0, () 0 0: On '*' to state 4 with (1 ) Reduce item(s): 0 Here, item 0 reduces to N 'expr' and item 1 requires a shift in a production rule of the N 'term'. In these cases the rule 'expr -> term .' has no precedence that can be derived from either %prec or an initial terminal. Such reductions automatically receive the highest possible precedence and 'reduce' is used, rather than 'shift'. Since there is no explicit basis for this choice the choice between shift and reduce is flagged as a conflict. Here is another illustration. Consider the familiar unary minus operator, but with a somewhat different grammar than usual: %left '-' %right UNARY expr: NR | expr '-' expr | expr '-' ; When this grammar is analyzed one of its states looks like this (the items are reordered so that items transiting to identical next states are clustered: 0: [P2 2] expr -> expr '-' . expr { '-' } 0 3: [P2 0] expr -> . expr '-' expr { '-' } 0 4: [P3 0] expr -> . expr '-' { '-' } 0 0: On expr to state 4 with (0 3 4 ) 2: [P1 0] expr -> . NR { '-' } 1 1: On NR to state 2 with (2 ) 1: [P3 2] expr -> expr '-' . { '-' } -1 Reduce item(s): 1 Even though the rule expr: expr '-' has a higher priority than the binary minus operator it is not automatically selected. To see why look at the nextVector's symbols: for items 0, 3, and 4 this is 'expr'; for item 2 this is NR. But the look-ahead set does not contain these symbols, and so there is no conflict. So, when encountering the following input: expr '-' expr '-' the parser will, after processing the leftmost minus, parse the second expr, followed by a transition to another state, where expr '-' expr is reduced to expr. Only then the second minus is processed. After changing the grammar so that we get the familiar unary minus specification (expr: '-' expr %prec UMINUS) the comparable state looks like this: 0: [P3 2] expr -> '-' expr . { '-' } -1 1: [P2 1] expr -> expr . '-' expr { '-' } 0 0 (removed by precedence): On '-' to state 4 with (1 ) Reduce item(s): 0 In this case there *is* a conflict: item 1 would transit to state 4 when the minus is the next symbol to process. But the minus is also in item 0's lookahead set, hence the conflict. Now the priorities of the two rules determines which one is selected. As the priority of the production rule referred to by item 0 is higher than the priority of the production rule referred to by item 1, item 1 is removed from the set of items, and the unary minus is processed (a reduce action), while the shift implied by item 1 never occurs as item 1 is reoved from the set of items. As a further illustration consider what happens if the unary minus's priority is set to a lower priority than the binary minus operator. In that case we encounter this state: 0: [P3 2] expr -> '-' expr . { } -1 1: [P2 1] expr -> expr . '-' expr { '-' } 0 0: On '-' to state 4 with (1 ) Reduce item(s): 0 Here the minus has disappeared from the LA set of the reducible item; there is no conflict anymore, and a minus token results in a shift to state 4. In other cases item 0 is selected, reducing expr '-' to an expr. bisonc++-6.09.01/rebis0000775000175000017500000000246314700504612013316 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash # See also: http://www.alchemylab.com/dictionary.htm#sectH: # The Hermaphrodite represents Sulfur and Mercury after their # Conjunction. Rebis (something double in characteristics) is another # designation for this point in the alchemy of transformation. prompt() { echo "$*" read A [ "$A" == "y" ] && return 1 return 0 } echo Press enter to execute commands ending in ... echo prompt " 0. Cleaning up ./self ..." mkdir -p self | exit 1 rm -rf self/* prompt " 1. Copying the grammar to self..." cp -r parser/grammar parser/inc self prompt \ " 2. Run (in ./self) ../tmp/bin/binary on the grammar using ../skeletons" cd self && ../tmp/bin/binary -S ../skeletons grammar cd .. prompt " 3. Copy the generated parserbase.h and parse.cc to ./parser" cp ./self/parse.cc ./self/parserbase.h ./parser prompt " 4. Rebuild: rebuilding the program ('build program')" touch scanner/a rm -f scanner/scanner.ih.gch parser/parser.ih.gch build -P program || exit 1 echo prompt " 5. Again: run '../tmp/bin/binary' on grammar" cd self && ../tmp/bin/binary -S ../skeletons grammar cd .. echo " 6. Diffs should show differences in timestamps only:" for file in parserbase.h parse.cc do prompt " RUN: 'diff self/$file parser' ..." diff self/$file parser echo done bisonc++-6.09.01/release.yo0000664000175000017500000000006514771261054014261 0ustar frankfrankSUBST(_CurVers_)(6.09.01) SUBST(_CurYrs_)(2005-2025) bisonc++-6.09.01/replace0000664000175000017500000000121514700504612013614 0ustar frankfrank#, std::allocator ## #, std::allocator ## #, std::allocator ## #, std::allocator ## #, std::allocator ## #, std::allocator ## // replace objdump's idea of what a string is by ours: #std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator >#std::string# #, std::hash, std::equal_to, std::allocator > ## #__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator >#Next::ConstIter # #std::set const*> >#std::set# #[abi:cxx11]## bisonc++-6.09.01/required0000664000175000017500000000075314700504612014027 0ustar frankfrankThis file lists non-standard software only. Thus, standard utilities like cp, mv, sed, etc, etc, are not explicitly mentioned. Neither is the g++ compiler explicitly mentioned, but a fairly recent one is assumed. Required software for building Bisonc++ --------------------------------------- The most recent versions of: icmake (for using the provided build-script) libbobcat-dev yodl (for constructing the manual and man-pages) bisonc++-6.09.01/rmreduction/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012014615 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/rmreduction/rmreduction1.cc0000664000175000017500000000034214700504612017534 0ustar frankfrank#include "rmreduction.ih" RmReduction::RmReduction(size_t idx, size_t next, Symbol const *symbol, bool forced) : d_idx(idx), d_next(next), d_symbol(symbol), d_forced(forced) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/rmreduction/rmreduction.ih0000664000175000017500000000010514700504612017463 0ustar frankfrank#include "rmreduction.h" #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/rmreduction/rmreduction.f0000664000175000017500000000046014700504612017314 0ustar frankfrankinline size_t RmReduction::idx() const { return d_idx; } inline Symbol const *RmReduction::symbol() const { return d_symbol; } inline size_t RmReduction::next() const { return d_next; } inline bool RmReduction::isForced(RmReduction const &rmReduction) { return rmReduction.d_forced; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rmreduction/frame0000664000175000017500000000005514700504612015627 0ustar frankfrank#include "rmreduction.ih" RmReduction:: { } bisonc++-6.09.01/rmreduction/rmreduction.h0000664000175000017500000000204714700504612017321 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_RMREDUCTION_ #define _INCLUDED_RMREDUCTION_ #include #include class Symbol; class RmReduction { public: using Vector = std::vector; using ConstIter = Vector::const_iterator; private: size_t d_idx; // idx in a StateItem::Vector of // reduce-production size_t d_next; // next state when shifting Symbol const *d_symbol; // symbol causing the S/R conflict bool d_forced; // forced if not based on precedence or // associativity public: RmReduction() = default; // Only needed for vectors RmReduction(size_t idx, size_t next, Symbol const *symbol, bool forced); size_t idx() const; size_t next() const; Symbol const *symbol() const; static bool isForced(RmReduction const &rmReduction); }; #include "rmreduction.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/rmshift/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012013736 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/rmshift/rmshift.ih0000664000175000017500000000010114700504612015721 0ustar frankfrank#include "rmshift.h" #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/rmshift/rmshift.h0000664000175000017500000000136014700504612015560 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef INCLUDED_RMSHIFT_ #define INCLUDED_RMSHIFT_ #include #include class RmShift { public: using Vector = std::vector; using ConstIter = Vector::const_iterator; private: size_t d_idx; // idx of the Next vector to remove. bool d_forced; // forced if not based on precedence or // associativity public: RmShift() = default; // only needed for vectors RmShift(size_t idx, bool forced); size_t idx() const; bool forced() const; }; inline size_t RmShift::idx() const { return d_idx; } inline bool RmShift::forced() const { return d_forced; } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/rmshift/rmshift1.cc0000664000175000017500000000015314700504612015776 0ustar frankfrank#include "rmshift.ih" RmShift::RmShift(size_t idx, bool forced) : d_idx(idx), d_forced(forced) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/rmshift/frame0000664000175000017500000000004514700504612014747 0ustar frankfrank#include "rmshift.ih" RmShift:: { } bisonc++-6.09.01/rrconflict/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012014427 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/rrconflict/removeconflicts.cc0000664000175000017500000000026414700504612020137 0ustar frankfrank#include "rrconflict.ih" void RRConflict::removeConflicts(StateItem::Vector &itemVector) { for (auto &rm: d_rmReduction) StateItem::removeRRConflict(rm, itemVector); } bisonc++-6.09.01/rrconflict/insert.cc0000664000175000017500000000134114700504612016236 0ustar frankfrank#include "rrconflict.ih" ostream &RRConflict::insert(ostream &out) const { RRData::ConstIter iter = d_rmReduction.begin(); RRData::ConstIter end = d_rmReduction.end(); while ((iter = find_if(iter, end, RRData::isForced)) != end) { StateItem const &reduced = d_itemVector[iter->reduceIdx()]; out << "Solved RR CONFLICT for rules " << d_itemVector[iter->keepIdx()].nr() << " and " << reduced.nr() << ":\n" "\tremoved " << iter->lookaheadSet() << " from the LA set of " << (reduced.lookaheadSetSize() == 0 ? "(removed) " : "") << "rule " << reduced.nr() << '\n'; ++iter; } return out; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rrconflict/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000007314700504612015644 0ustar frankfrank#include "rrconflict.ih" size_t RRConflict::s_nConflicts; bisonc++-6.09.01/rrconflict/rrconflict.h0000664000175000017500000000356414700504612016752 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_RRCONFLICT_ #define _INCLUDED_RRCONFLICT_ #include #include "../stateitem/stateitem.h" #include "../lookaheadset/lookaheadset.h" #include "../rrdata/rrdata.h" class Rules; class RRConflict { friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, RRConflict const &conflict); StateItem::Vector const &d_itemVector; // items involved in the RR // conflict std::vector const &d_reducible; // the numbers of rules that // can be reduced size_t d_firstIdx; // index of the first // reducible rule LookaheadSet const *d_firstLA; // pointer to the LA set of // the first reducible rule RRData::Vector d_rmReduction; // RRData of rules to remove // size_t d_rrNr; // previous first rule nr at a // // RR conflict static size_t s_nConflicts; // number of RR conflicts public: RRConflict(StateItem::Vector const &stateItem, std::vector const &reducible); void inspect(); void removeConflicts(StateItem::Vector &itemVector); static size_t nConflicts(); void showConflicts(Rules const &rules) const; private: std::ostream &insert(std::ostream &out) const; void visitReduction(size_t first); void compareReductions(size_t *rrIndex, size_t second); }; inline size_t RRConflict::nConflicts() { return s_nConflicts; } inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, RRConflict const &conflict) { return conflict.insert(out); } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/rrconflict/visitreduction.cc0000664000175000017500000000077214700504612020014 0ustar frankfrank#include "rrconflict.ih" void RRConflict::visitReduction(size_t first) { d_firstIdx = d_reducible[first]; d_firstLA = &d_itemVector[d_firstIdx].lookaheadSet(); size_t rrNr = 0; // set to d_itemVector[d_firstIdx].nr() // at a conflict in compareReuctions // this MUST be second < d_reducible.size() !! for (size_t second = first + 1; second < d_reducible.size(); ++second) compareReductions(&rrNr, second); } bisonc++-6.09.01/rrconflict/showconflicts.cc0000664000175000017500000000211314700504612017615 0ustar frankfrank#include "rrconflict.ih" void RRConflict::showConflicts(Rules const &rules) const { RRData::ConstIter iter = d_rmReduction.begin(); RRData::ConstIter end = d_rmReduction.end(); unordered_map> conflict; while ((iter = find_if(iter, end, RRData::isForced)) != end) { conflict[d_itemVector[iter->keepIdx()].nr()].push_back( d_itemVector[iter->reduceIdx()].nr() ); ++iter; } if (conflict.empty()) return; for (auto &rule: conflict) { auto prodPtr = rules.productions()[rule.first - 1]; wmsg << " keeping rule " << rule.first << " (" << prodPtr->fileName() << ", line " << prodPtr->lineNr() << "), dropping\n"; for (size_t idx: rule.second) { prodPtr = rules.productions()[idx - 1]; wmsg << " rule " << idx << " (" << prodPtr->fileName() << ", line " << prodPtr->lineNr() << ")\n"; } } } bisonc++-6.09.01/rrconflict/rrconflict.ih0000664000175000017500000000025314700504612017113 0ustar frankfrank#include "rrconflict.h" #include #include #include "../rules/rules.h" #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/rrconflict/comparereductions.cc0000664000175000017500000000261114700504612020461 0ustar frankfrank#include "rrconflict.ih" void RRConflict::compareReductions(size_t *rrNr, size_t second) { second = d_reducible[second]; RRData rrData( d_firstLA->intersection( d_itemVector[second].lookaheadSet() ) ); if (rrData.empty()) // no overlap return; StateItem const &firstItem = d_itemVector[d_firstIdx]; StateItem const &secondItem = d_itemVector[second]; switch ( Terminal::comparePrecedence( firstItem.precedence(), secondItem.precedence() ) ) { case Terminal::EQUAL: rrData.setIdx( firstItem.nr() < secondItem.nr() ? RRData::KEEP_FIRST : RRData::KEEP_SECOND, d_firstIdx, second ); if (size_t firstNr = firstItem.nr(); firstNr != *rrNr) { // found a new RR conflict for firstItem: *rrNr = firstNr; // store its nr, and inc. s_nConflicts ++s_nConflicts; } break; case Terminal::SMALLER: // first precedence < second prec. rrData.setIdx(d_firstIdx); break; case Terminal::LARGER: // shift precedence > prod. prec. rrData.setIdx(second); break; } d_rmReduction.push_back(rrData); } bisonc++-6.09.01/rrconflict/rrconflict1.cc0000664000175000017500000000031414700504612017157 0ustar frankfrank#include "rrconflict.ih" RRConflict::RRConflict(StateItem::Vector const &stateItem, vector const &reducible) : d_itemVector(stateItem), d_reducible(reducible) { } bisonc++-6.09.01/rrconflict/frame0000664000175000017500000000005314700504612015437 0ustar frankfrank#include "rrconflict.ih" RRConflict:: { } bisonc++-6.09.01/rrconflict/inspect.cc0000664000175000017500000000023214700504612016375 0ustar frankfrank#include "rrconflict.ih" void RRConflict::inspect() { for (unsigned first = 0; first < d_reducible.size(); ++first) visitReduction(first); } bisonc++-6.09.01/rrdata/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012013537 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/rrdata/rrdata.ih0000664000175000017500000000007714700504612015337 0ustar frankfrank#include "rrdata.h" #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/rrdata/rrdata.f0000664000175000017500000000075614700504612015170 0ustar frankfrankinline LookaheadSet const &RRData::lookaheadSet() const { return d_laSet; } inline bool RRData::empty() const { return d_laSet.empty(); } inline size_t RRData::size() const { return d_laSet.fullSize(); } inline void RRData::setIdx(size_t reduce) { d_idx = reduce; } inline size_t RRData::reduceIdx() const { return d_idx; } inline size_t RRData::keepIdx() const { return d_kept; } inline bool RRData::isForced(RRData const &rrData) { return rrData.d_forced; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rrdata/rrdata1.cc0000664000175000017500000000016714700504612015405 0ustar frankfrank#include "rrdata.ih" RRData::RRData(LookaheadSet laSet) : d_laSet(laSet), d_forced(false), d_kept(~0) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/rrdata/rrdata.h0000664000175000017500000000216614700504612015167 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_RRDATA_ #define _INCLUDED_RRDATA_ #include #include "../lookaheadset/lookaheadset.h" // Data used when processing R/R conflicts. Used by, e.g., StateItem class RRData { public: using Vector = std::vector; using ConstIter = Vector::const_iterator; enum Keep { KEEP_FIRST, KEEP_SECOND, }; private: LookaheadSet d_laSet; // set of LA symbols bool d_forced; // true if one of the two rules is explicitly // kept. size_t d_idx; // index of item with reduced LA set size_t d_kept; // index of item with kept LA set public: RRData(LookaheadSet first); bool empty() const; size_t keepIdx() const; size_t reduceIdx() const; size_t size() const; LookaheadSet const &lookaheadSet() const; void setIdx(Keep keep, size_t first, size_t second); void setIdx(size_t reduce); // non-forced static bool isForced(RRData const &rrData); }; #include "rrdata.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/rrdata/setidx.cc0000664000175000017500000000041414700504612015342 0ustar frankfrank#include "rrdata.ih" void RRData::setIdx(Keep keep, size_t first, size_t second) { if (keep == KEEP_FIRST) { d_idx = second; d_kept = first; } else { d_idx = first; d_kept = second; } d_forced = true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012013414 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/rules/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000055314700504612014634 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" size_t Rules::s_lastLineNr; size_t Rules::s_nExpectedConflicts; size_t Rules::s_acceptProductionNr; Symbol *Rules::s_startSymbol; Terminal Rules::s_errorTerminal("error", "errTok_", Symbol::SYMBOLIC_TERMINAL); Terminal Rules::s_eofTerminal("EOF", "EOF_", Symbol::SYMBOLIC_TERMINAL); bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/updateprecedence.cc0000664000175000017500000000206414700504612017222 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::updatePrecedence(Production *production) { if (production->precedence()) // a precedence has already been set return; auto symbolIter = find_if(production->begin(), production->end(), isTerminal); if (symbolIter != production->end()) production->setPrecedence(Terminal::downcast(*symbolIter)); } // elaborate compound stmnt after if (production->precedence): // { // if // ( // not (*production)[0].isTerminal() // || // production->size() < 2 // || // not (*production)[1].isNonTerminal() // ) // { // emsg.setTag(production->fileName() + ": error"); // emsg.setLineNr(production->lineNr()); // emsg << "Rule " << production << // " %prec " << production->precedence() << // ": 1st element must be a terminal token, 2nd " // "element a non-terminal token" << endl; // } // return; // } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/assignnonterminalnumbers.cc0000664000175000017500000000033514700504612021050 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::assignNonTerminalNumbers() { NonTerminal::setFirstNr(Terminal::maxValue() + 1); for_each(d_nonTerminal.begin(), d_nonTerminal.end(), &NonTerminal::setNr); } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/newrule.cc0000664000175000017500000000147114700504612015404 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" bool Rules::newRule(NonTerminal *np, string const &source, size_t lineNr) { // If the terminal definition is really requested (it isn't shown in bisonc++ // 2.8.0) then pass yylineno from parser/openrule.cc and // rules/augmentgrammar.cc to this function so the line can be shown. // // imsg << endl; // // imsg.setLineNr(lineNr); // imsg << "Adding production rule for `" << np->name() << "'" << endl; s_lastLineNr = lineNr; Production::storeFilename(source); if (!d_startRule.length()) d_startRule = np->name(); d_currentRule = np; NFileInfoMap::iterator nfIter = d_location.find(np); if (nfIter != d_location.end()) return false; // extending an existing rulename d_location[np] = FileInfo(source, lineNr); return true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/showunusedterminals.cc0000664000175000017500000000027514700504612020047 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::showUnusedTerminals() const { Terminal::inserter(&Terminal::valueQuotedName); for_each(d_terminal.begin(), d_terminal.end(), &Terminal::unused); } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/rules.f0000664000175000017500000000514314700504612014715 0ustar frankfrank inline Rules::Rules() : d_defaultAction(false), d_currentRule(0), d_currentProduction(0) {} inline void Rules::clearLocations() { d_location.clear(); } inline void Rules::setExpectedConflicts(size_t value) { s_nExpectedConflicts = value; } inline Terminal const *Rules::eofTerminal() { return &s_eofTerminal; } inline Terminal const *Rules::errorTerminal() { return &s_errorTerminal; } inline size_t Rules::acceptProductionNr() { return s_acceptProductionNr; } inline size_t Rules::expectedConflicts() { return s_nExpectedConflicts; } inline Production const &Rules::lastProduction() const { return *d_currentProduction; } inline std::string const &Rules::name() const { return d_currentRule->name(); } inline std::string const &Rules::sType() const { return d_currentRule->sType(); } inline size_t Rules::nProductions() const { return d_currentRule->nProductions(); } inline bool Rules::hasRules() const { return d_currentRule; } inline size_t Rules::nElements() const { return d_currentProduction->size(); } inline void Rules::setLastTerminalValue(size_t value) { d_terminal.back()->setValue(value); } inline void Rules::setLastPrecedence(size_t value) { d_terminal.back()->setPrecedence(value); } inline void Rules::setStartRule(std::string const &start) { d_startRule = start; } inline std::string const &Rules::startRule() const { return d_startRule; } inline Production const *Rules::startProduction() { return d_currentProduction; } inline Symbol const *Rules::startSymbol() { return s_startSymbol; } inline std::vector const &Rules::nonTerminals() const { void const *vp = &d_nonTerminal; return *reinterpret_cast const *> (vp); } inline std::vector const &Rules::terminals() const { void const *vp = &d_terminal; return *reinterpret_cast const *>(vp); } inline std::vector const &Rules::productions() const { void const *vp = &d_production; return *reinterpret_cast const *>(vp); } inline Rules::FileInfo const &Rules::fileInfo(NonTerminal const *nt) const { return d_location.find(nt)->second; } inline Symbol const *Rules::symbol(size_t idx) const { return d_currentProduction->rhs(idx - 1); } inline bool Rules::empty() const // true: production rule w/o symbols { return d_currentProduction->size() == 0; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/updateprecedences.cc0000664000175000017500000000056114700504612017405 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" // The precedence of a production rule is defined either explicitly (using // %prec) or it is defined as the priority setting of the rule's first // terminal token. If none is found the production rule has a default // priority. void Rules::updatePrecedences() { for (auto production: d_production) updatePrecedence(production); } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/showunusedrules.cc0000664000175000017500000000035714700504612017204 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::showUnusedRules() const { Terminal::inserter(&Terminal::plainName); for_each(d_production.begin(), d_production.end(), &Production::unused); if (Production::notUsed()) imsg << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/termtononterm.cc0000664000175000017500000000040714700504612016636 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::termToNonterm(Symbol *term, Symbol *nonTerm) { d_terminal.erase(find(d_terminal.begin(), d_terminal.end(), term)); for (auto pPtr: d_production) Production::termToNonterm(pPtr, term, nonTerm); delete term; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/showrules.cc0000664000175000017500000000077514700504612015764 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::showRules() const { if (!imsg.isActive()) return; imsg << "\n" "Production Rules:\n" " (precedences (shown between parentheses) were set by %prec;\n" " are equal to the precedence of the rules' 1st terminal tokens;\n" " or (if not shown) are equal to the default (max) precedence)\n"; copy(d_production.begin(), d_production.end(), ostream_iterator(imsg, "\n")); imsg << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/showunusednonterminals.cc0000664000175000017500000000064314700504612020561 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::showUnusedNonTerminals() const { for_each(d_nonTerminal.begin(), d_nonTerminal.end(), &NonTerminal::unused); if (NonTerminal::notUsed()) imsg << endl; for_each(d_nonTerminal.begin(), d_nonTerminal.end(), &NonTerminal::undefined); if (NonTerminal::notDefined()) imsg << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/rules.ih0000664000175000017500000000051314700504612015064 0ustar frankfrank#include "../xerr/xerr.ih" #include "rules.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include inline bool Rules::isTerminal(Symbol const *symbol) { return symbol->isTerminal(); } #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/insert1.cc0000664000175000017500000000037214700504612015307 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" Terminal *Rules::insert(Terminal *terminal, std::string const &literal) { d_terminal.push_back(terminal); if (terminal->name() != literal) d_terminal.back()->setLiteral(literal); return d_terminal.back(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/sethiddenaction.cc0000664000175000017500000000177114700504612017073 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::setHiddenAction(Block const &block) { // create (hidden) production // (when shown, 90000 is added to // the line nr to flag a hidden // action production rule Production *pp = new Production(d_nonTerminal.back(), //90000 + s_lastLineNr); // 20160412 apparently the 90000 flag is nowhere used, so I decided // not to use it anymore d_production.push_back(pp); // put production in production // vector // add production to the hidden // rule d_nonTerminal.back()->addProduction(d_production.back()); d_production.back()->setAction(block); } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/stype.cc0000664000175000017500000000043214700504612015063 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" namespace { string const ret; } string const &Rules::sType(size_t idx) const { size_t size = d_currentProduction->size(); return (idx && idx <= size) ? (*d_currentProduction)[idx - 1].sType() : ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/addelement.cc0000664000175000017500000000077714700504612016035 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::addElement(Symbol *symbol) { d_currentProduction->push_back(symbol); // If the display of the new element is really requested (it isn't shown in // bisonc++ 2.8.0) then pass yylineno from parser/handleproductionelement.cc // and parser/nestedblock.cc to this function so the line can be // imsg.setLineNr(lineNr); // imsg << " $" << d_currentProduction->size() << ": " << symbol << // endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/insert2.cc0000664000175000017500000000023214700504612015303 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" NonTerminal *Rules::insert(NonTerminal *nonTerminal) { d_nonTerminal.push_back(nonTerminal); return d_nonTerminal.back(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/showfirst.cc0000664000175000017500000000065014700504612015751 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::showFirst() const { if (!Arg::instance().option(0, "construction")) return; imsg << "\n" "FIRST sets:\n"; NonTerminal::inserter(&NonTerminal::nameAndFirstset); Terminal::inserter(&Terminal::plainName); copy(d_nonTerminal.begin(), d_nonTerminal.end(), ostream_iterator(imsg, "\n")); imsg << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/determinefirst.cc0000664000175000017500000000142514700504612016746 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::determineFirst() { size_t lastCount = 0; // counts the number of first-elements. while (true) { // Process all non-terminals (N). Handle all the production rules of // these non-terminals. For an empty production, the N gets . // For non-empty productions: add those element's first symbols, and // stop if an element has no empty production. If, at the end, the // final element has an empty production, add as well NonTerminal::resetCounter(); for_each(d_nonTerminal.begin(), d_nonTerminal.end(), &NonTerminal::setFirst); if (lastCount == NonTerminal::counter()) break; lastCount = NonTerminal::counter(); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/updatedefaultactionlinenr.cc0000664000175000017500000000034114700504612021153 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::updateDefaultActionLineNr(size_t lineNr) { if (d_defaultAction && d_currentProduction) { d_currentProduction->setBlockLineNr(lineNr); d_defaultAction = false; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/setaction.cc0000664000175000017500000000025014700504612015706 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::setAction(Block const &block, bool defaultAction) { d_defaultAction = defaultAction; d_currentProduction->setAction(block); } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/augmentgrammar.cc0000664000175000017500000000074114700504612016731 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" // following this call, d_currentRule points to the augmented grammar's // startrule, which derives the startrule and has EOF in its FOLLOW set. void Rules::augmentGrammar(Symbol *start) { string augment = start->name() + "_$"; newRule(insert(new NonTerminal(augment)), "-N.A.-", 0); addProduction(0); s_acceptProductionNr = d_currentProduction->nr(); s_startSymbol = start; addElement(start); d_currentRule->used(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/addproduction.cc0000664000175000017500000000246114700504612016562 0ustar frankfrank//#define XERR #include "rules.ih" void Rules::addProduction(size_t lineNr) { if (d_currentRule == 0) // there may be no return; // rule (cf. Justin // Madru's grammar in // the changelog. In // that case there's // also no production. // xerr("PRODUCTION at line " << lineNr); updateDefaultActionLineNr(lineNr); s_lastLineNr = lineNr; // create production d_currentProduction = new Production(d_currentRule, lineNr); d_production.push_back(d_currentProduction); // put production in // production vector d_currentRule->addProduction(d_currentProduction); // add production to // current rule. // imsg.setLineNr(lineNr); // imsg << " Adding production rule " << // d_currentRule->nProductions() << // " (" << d_production.size() << " productions in total)" << // endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/rules.h0000664000175000017500000002147214700504612014722 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_RULES_ #define _INCLUDED_RULES_ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "../block/block.h" #include "../terminal/terminal.h" #include "../nonterminal/nonterminal.h" #include "../production/production.h" #include "../symbol/symbol.h" // A Rule contains the information about a rule. // Its number, and a vector of Alternatives. an Alternative is a vector of // iterators into the symbol table class Rules { bool d_defaultAction; // last action was default action: // requires line update at the next // rule definition public: // For each rule, maintain a record of file/line combinations // indicating where the rule was first seen. This allows me to // generate warnings when a rule is defined as full rule // definitions rather than as alternatives. There's nothing // inherently wrong with that, but it may also be a typo causing // unexpected conflicts using FileInfo = std::pair; //FBB: 20160412 - see also sethiddenaction.cc for the use // of the 90000 line number flag that was used to flag // a hidden action. Apparently it was nowhere used // so I decided not to use it anymore. private: using NFileInfoMap = std::unordered_map; Terminal::Vector d_terminal; // the vector holding information // about defined terminal symbols NonTerminal::Vector d_nonTerminal; // the vector holding information // about defined nonterminals NFileInfoMap d_location; // the map holding information // about initial rule locations NonTerminal *d_currentRule; // Pointer to the N currently // processed. Initially 0 std::string d_startRule; // name of the startrule Production::Vector d_production; // the vector holding information // about all productions // productions hold Symbol // elements, they contain // information about type and // index of their elements in the // (non)terminal vectors Production *d_currentProduction; // currently processed production // rule (pointer to a Production // also in d_production) static size_t s_acceptProductionNr; // index in d_production of the // accept rule static size_t s_nExpectedConflicts; // how many conflicts to expect? static Terminal s_errorTerminal; // predefined 'error' terminal static Terminal s_eofTerminal; // predefined eof terminal static Symbol *s_startSymbol; // derived from the initial N or // from the N defined as the // star tsymbol by // augmentGrammar(). static size_t s_lastLineNr; // last received line nr, used by // setHiddenAction() public: Rules(); // f static void setExpectedConflicts(size_t value); // f static Terminal const *eofTerminal(); // f static Terminal const *errorTerminal(); // f static size_t acceptProductionNr(); // f static size_t expectedConflicts(); // f void clearLocations(); // clear d_location // f Terminal *insert(Terminal *terminal, std::string const &literal); // 1 NonTerminal *insert(NonTerminal *nonTerminal); // 2 void addElement(Symbol *symbol); // add the symbol as the next element of the // rule-production that's currently being defined. void updateDefaultActionLineNr(size_t lineNr); void addProduction(size_t lineNr); // add a new production to the set of productions of the // rule currently being defined bool newRule(NonTerminal *nonTerminal, std::string const &source, size_t lineNr); // add a new rule. If startrule has not // yet been set, define this rule as the startrule. // return true if a really new rule was added, rather than // expanding a rule defined earlier. void assignNonTerminalNumbers(); void augmentGrammar(Symbol *start); Production const &lastProduction() const; // f FileInfo const &fileInfo(NonTerminal const *nt) const; // f // return the FileInfo of the // first definition of rule `nt' std::string const &name() const; // return the name of the // f // currently defined rule std::string const &sType() const; // return the value type // f // associated with the // currently defined rule. std::string const &sType(size_t idx) const; // return the value type // associated with element idx of // the currently defined production Symbol const *symbol(size_t idx) const; // f // return the symbol // associated with element idx of // the currently defined production // Note: symbol idx MUST exist size_t nProductions() const; // f size_t nElements() const; // f void determineFirst(); bool empty() const; // true: empty production rule // f bool hasRules() const; // f // associate an action with the currently defined rule // production void setAction(Block const &block, bool defaultAction = false); void setHiddenAction(Block const &block); void setLastTerminalValue(size_t value); // f void setLastPrecedence(size_t value); // f void updatePrecedences(); // try to assign a precedence to // productions that don't yet have a // precedence associated to them void setPrecedence(Terminal const *terminal); // Set the explicit precedence of the currently defined // production to the precedence of the given terminal. void showFirst() const; // show the First-sets void showTerminals() const; // show symbolic terminals and their // values void showRules() const; // show the rule/productions void showUnusedTerminals() const; void showUnusedNonTerminals() const; void showUnusedRules() const; void setStartRule(std::string const &start); // f std::string const &startRule() const; // f Production const *startProduction(); // f static Symbol const *startSymbol() ; // f std::vector const &nonTerminals() const; // f std::vector const &terminals() const; // f std::vector const &productions() const; // f void setNonTerminalTypes(); void termToNonterm(Symbol *term, Symbol *nonTerm); private: static bool isTerminal(Symbol const *symbol); static void updatePrecedence(Production *production); }; #include "rules.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/showterminals.cc0000664000175000017500000000056214700504612016622 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::showTerminals() const { if (!imsg.isActive()) return; imsg.setTag(""); imsg << "\n" "Symbolic Terminal tokens:\n"; Terminal::inserter(&Terminal::valueQuotedName); copy(d_terminal.begin(), d_terminal.end(), ostream_iterator(imsg, "\n")); imsg << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/setprecedence.cc0000664000175000017500000000102714700504612016531 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" // called from parser/setprecedence to set the precedence of the // current production rule void Rules::setPrecedence(Terminal const *terminal) { if (not d_currentProduction->precedence()) { d_currentProduction->setPrecedence(terminal); terminal->used(); } else emsg << "%prec " << terminal << ": precedence already set to " << &Terminal::quotedName << d_currentProduction->precedence() << &Terminal::plainName << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/setnonterminaltypes.cc0000664000175000017500000000024214700504612020045 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" void Rules::setNonTerminalTypes() { for_each(d_nonTerminal.begin(), d_nonTerminal.end(), &NonTerminal::setNonTerminal); } bisonc++-6.09.01/rules/frame0000664000175000017500000000005114700504612014422 0ustar frankfrank#include "rules.ih" Rules::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/runtmp0000775000175000017500000000032614700504612013533 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/sh PRE=`dirname $0` if [ $# == 0 ] then echo " Provide arguments to $PRE/tmp/bin/bisonc++. The skeletons in ${PRE}/skeletons are used. " exit 1 fi ${PRE}/tmp/bin/bisonc++ -S ${PRE}/skeletons $* bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271462013724 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/checkzeronumber.cc0000664000175000017500000000023614700504612017406 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" void Scanner::checkZeroNumber() { if (d_number == 0) emsg << "Quoted constant " << d_matched << " equals zero" << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/settags.cc0000664000175000017500000000036114700504612015671 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" void Scanner::setTags() const { emsg.setTag(filename() + ": error"); fmsg.setTag(filename() + ": fatal"); imsg.setTag(filename() + " (info)"); wmsg.setTag(filename() + ": warning"); setLineNrs(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/escape.cc0000664000175000017500000000156314700504612015464 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" namespace { pair escapeChars[] = { pair('a', '\a'), pair('b', '\b'), pair('f', '\f'), pair('n', '\n'), pair('r', '\r'), pair('t', '\t'), pair('v', '\v'), }; static size_t const n = sizeof(escapeChars) / sizeof(pair); class Find { size_t d_key; public: Find(size_t key) : d_key(key) {} bool operator()(pair const &element) const { return element.first == d_key; } }; } void Scanner::escape() { d_number = find_if(escapeChars, escapeChars + n, Find(d_matched[2]))->second; } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/lex.cc0000664000175000017500000053145714771271012015031 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Flexc++ V2.17.01 on Thu, 27 Mar 2025 16:43:06 +0100 #include #include #include #include #include // $insert class_ih #include "scanner.ih" // s_ranges_: use (unsigned) characters as index to obtain // that character's range-number. // The range for EOF is defined in a constant in the // class header file size_t const ScannerBase::s_ranges_[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,16,17,18,19,20,20, 20,20,20,20,20,20,21,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,29,29,29,29,29,30,30,30,30, 30,30,30,30,30,30,30,31,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,33,34,35,35,36,37,38,39,40, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65, 66,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67, 67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67, 67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67, 67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67, 67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67, 67,67,67,67,67,67, }; // $insert startcondinfo // s_dfa_ contains the rows of *all* DFAs ordered by start state. The // enum class StartCondition_is defined in the baseclass header. // StartCondition_::INITIAL is always 0. Each entry defines the row to // transit to if the column's character range was sensed. Row numbers are // relative to the used DFA, and d_dfaBase_ is set to the first row of // the subset to use. The row's final two values are respectively the // rule that may be matched at this state, and the rule's FINAL flag. If // the final value equals FINAL (= 1) then, if there's no continuation, // the rule is matched. If the BOL flag (8) is also set (so FINAL + BOL (= // 9) is set) then the rule only matches when d_atBOL is also true. int const ScannerBase::s_dfa_[][71] = { // INITIAL { 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, 5, 1, 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 7, 8, 8, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 9, 9, 9, 9, 1, 1, 1, 9, 1, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,10, 1, 1, 1,-1, -1, -1}, // 0 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 74, -1}, // 1 {-1, 2,-1,-1,-1, 2,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 1, -1}, // 2 {-1,-1, 3,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 2, -1}, // 3 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 71, -1}, // 4 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,11,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,12, 13,14,15,16,-1,-1,17,-1,-1,18,-1,19,-1,20,-1,21,22,23,24,-1, 25,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 74, -1}, // 5 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 70, -1}, // 6 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,26,-1,-1,-1,27, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 74, -1}, // 7 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 8, 8,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 73, -1}, // 8 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 9, 9,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 9, 9, 9, 9,-1,-1,-1, 9,-1, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 72, -1}, // 9 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 0, -1}, // 10 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 69, -1}, // 11 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,28,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 12 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,29,-1,-1,30,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 13 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,31,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 14 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,32,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,33,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 15 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,34,-1,-1,35,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 16 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,36,37,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 17 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,38,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,39,-1,-1,-1,40,41,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 18 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,42,-1, -1,-1,43,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,44,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 19 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,45,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,46,-1,-1,47,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 20 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,48,-1,-1,-1,49,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 21 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 50,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,51,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 22 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,52,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,53,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,54,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,55,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 23 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,56,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 24 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,57,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 25 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 4, -1}, // 26 {27,27,-1,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27, 27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27, 27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27, 27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,-1, 3, -1}, // 27 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,58,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 28 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,59,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 29 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,60,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 30 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,61, -1,-1,-1,62,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 31 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,63,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 32 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,64,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 33 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,65,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 34 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,66,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 35 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,67,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 36 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 68,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 37 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,69,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 38 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 70,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 39 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,71,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 40 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,72,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 41 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,73,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 42 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,74,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 43 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,75,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,76,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 44 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,77,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 45 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,78,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 46 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,79,-1,-1,-1,80,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,81,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 47 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,82,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 48 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,83,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 49 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,84,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 50 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,85,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,86,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 51 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,87,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,88,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 52 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,89,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 53 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,90,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 54 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,91,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 55 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,92,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 56 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,93,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 57 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,94,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 58 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,95,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 59 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,96,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 60 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,97,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 61 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,98,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 62 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,99,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 63 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,100,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 64 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,101,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 65 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,102,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 66 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,103,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 67 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,104,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 68 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,105,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 69 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,106,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 70 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,107,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 71 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,108,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 72 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,109,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 73 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,110,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 74 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,111,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 75 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,112,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 76 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,113,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 77 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,114,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 78 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 115,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 79 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,116,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 80 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,117,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 81 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,118,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 82 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,119,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 83 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,120,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 84 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 121,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,122,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 85 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,123,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 86 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,124,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 87 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,125,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 88 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,126,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 89 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,127,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 90 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,128,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 91 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,129,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 92 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,130,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 93 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 131,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 94 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,132,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 95 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,133,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 96 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,134,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 97 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,135,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 98 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,136,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 99 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 137,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 100 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,138,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 101 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 34, -1}, // 102 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,139,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 103 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,140,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 104 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 37, -1}, // 105 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,141,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 106 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,142,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 107 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,143,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 108 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,144,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 109 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,145,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 110 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,146,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 111 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,147,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 112 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,148,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 113 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,149,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 114 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 47, -1}, // 115 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,150,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 116 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,151,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 117 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,152,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 118 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,153,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 119 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,154,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 120 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,155,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 121 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,156,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 122 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,157,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 123 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,158,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 124 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,159,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 125 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,160,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 126 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,161,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 127 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 66, -1}, // 128 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,162,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 129 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,163,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 130 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,164,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 131 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,165,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 132 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,166,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 133 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 30, -1}, // 134 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,167,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 135 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,168,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 136 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,169,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 137 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,170,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 138 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,171,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 139 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,172,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 140 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,173,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 141 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,174,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 142 {-1,175,-1,-1,-1,175,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 143 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,176,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 144 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,177,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 145 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,178,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 146 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,179,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 147 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,180,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 148 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,181,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 149 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,182,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 150 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,183,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 151 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,184,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 152 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 51, -1}, // 153 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,185,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 154 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,186,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 155 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 57, -1}, // 156 {-1,187,-1,-1,-1,187,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 157 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,188,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 158 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,189,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 159 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,190,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 160 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,191,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 62, -1}, // 161 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 67, -1}, // 162 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,192,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 163 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,193,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 164 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,194,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,195,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 165 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,196,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 166 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,197,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 167 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,198, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 168 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 32, -1}, // 169 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,199,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 170 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,200,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 171 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,201,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 172 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,202,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 173 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,203,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 174 {-1,175,-1,-1,-1,175,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 40, -1}, // 175 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,204,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 176 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,205, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 177 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,206,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 178 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,207,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 179 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,208,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 180 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,209,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 181 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,210,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 182 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 49, -1}, // 183 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,211,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 184 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,212,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 185 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,213,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 186 {-1,187,-1,-1,-1,187,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 58, -1}, // 187 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,214,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 188 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,215,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 189 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,216,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 190 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 217,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,218,-1,219,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 191 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,220,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 192 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,221,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 193 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,222,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 194 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,223,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 195 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 224,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 196 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,225,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 197 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,226,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 198 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,227,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 199 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,228,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 200 {-1,229,-1,-1,-1,229,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 201 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,230,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 202 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,231,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 203 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 232,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 204 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,233,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 205 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,234,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 206 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 235,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 207 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,236,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 208 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,237,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 209 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,238,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 210 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,239,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 211 {-1,240,-1,-1,-1,240,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,241,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 212 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,242,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 213 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,243,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 214 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,244,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 215 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,245,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 216 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,246,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 217 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,247,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 218 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,248,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 219 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,249,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 220 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,250,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 221 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,251,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 222 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,252,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 223 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,253,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 224 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,254,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 225 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,255,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 226 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,256,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 227 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,257,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 228 {-1,229,-1,-1,-1,229,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 36, -1}, // 229 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,258,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 230 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,259,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 231 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,260,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 232 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,261,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 233 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 43, -1}, // 234 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 44, -1}, // 235 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,262,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 236 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,263,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 237 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,264,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 238 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,265,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 239 {-1,240,-1,-1,-1,240,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 52, -1}, // 240 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 266,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,267,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,268,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 241 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,269,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 242 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,270,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 243 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,271,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 244 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,272,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 245 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,273,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 246 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,274,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 247 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,275,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 248 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,276,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 249 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,277,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 250 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,278,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 251 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,279,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 252 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,280,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 253 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 281,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 254 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,282, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 255 {-1,283,-1,-1,-1,283,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 256 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,284,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 257 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,285,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 258 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,286,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 259 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 41, -1}, // 260 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,287,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 261 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,288,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 262 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,289,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 263 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,290,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 264 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,291,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 265 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,292,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 266 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,293,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 267 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,294,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 268 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,295,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 269 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,296,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 270 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,297,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 271 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,298,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 272 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,299,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 273 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,300,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 274 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,301,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 275 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 68, -1}, // 276 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,302,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,303,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 277 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,304,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 278 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 27, -1}, // 279 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,305,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 280 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,306,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 281 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,307,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 282 {-1,283,-1,-1,-1,283,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 33, -1}, // 283 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,308,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 284 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,309,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 285 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 39, -1}, // 286 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,310,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 287 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,311,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 288 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 312,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 289 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,313,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 290 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,314,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 291 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,315,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 292 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,316,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 293 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,317,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 294 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,318,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 295 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 319,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 296 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,320,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 297 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,321,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 298 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,322,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 299 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,323,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 300 {-1,324,-1,-1,-1,324,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 301 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,325,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 302 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,326,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 303 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,327,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 304 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,328,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 305 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,329,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 306 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,330,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 307 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,331,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 308 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,332,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 309 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,333,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 310 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,334,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 311 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 46, -1}, // 312 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,335,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 313 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,336,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 314 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,337,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 315 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 338,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 316 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,339,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 317 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,340,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 318 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,341,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 319 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 342,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 320 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 61, -1}, // 321 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 63, -1}, // 322 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,343,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 323 {-1,324,-1,-1,-1,324,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 65, -1}, // 324 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,344,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 325 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,345,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 326 {-1,346,-1,-1,-1,346,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 327 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 347,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 328 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,348,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 329 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,349,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 330 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,350,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 331 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 351,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 332 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,352,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 333 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,353,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 334 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 48, -1}, // 335 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,354,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 336 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,355,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 337 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,356,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 338 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,357,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 339 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,358,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 340 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,359,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 341 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,360,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 342 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,361,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 343 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,362,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 344 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,363,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 345 {-1,346,-1,-1,-1,346,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 26, -1}, // 346 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,364,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 347 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,365,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 348 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 31, -1}, // 349 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,366,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 350 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,367,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 351 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,368,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 352 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 369,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 353 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,370,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 354 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,371,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 355 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,372,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 356 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,373,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 357 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,374,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 358 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,375,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 359 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,376,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 360 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 377,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 361 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,378,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 362 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,379,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 363 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,380,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 364 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,381,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 365 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,382,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 366 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 38, -1}, // 367 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,383,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 368 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,384,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 369 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,385,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 370 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,386,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 371 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,387,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 372 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,388,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 373 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,389,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 374 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 59, -1}, // 375 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,390,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 376 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,391,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 377 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,392,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 378 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 393,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 379 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 394,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 380 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 29, -1}, // 381 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,395,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 382 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,396,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 383 {-1,397,-1,-1,-1,397,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 384 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 50, -1}, // 385 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,398,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 386 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,399,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 387 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,400,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 388 {-1,401,-1,-1,-1,401,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 389 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,402,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 390 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 64, -1}, // 391 {-1,403,-1,-1,-1,403,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 392 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,404,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 393 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,405,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 394 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,406,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 395 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,407,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 396 {-1,397,-1,-1,-1,397,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 45, -1}, // 397 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,408,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 398 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,409,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 399 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,410,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 400 {-1,401,-1,-1,-1,401,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 56, -1}, // 401 {-1,411,-1,-1,-1,411,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 402 {-1,403,-1,-1,-1,403,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 24, -1}, // 403 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,412,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 404 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,413,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 405 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,414,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 406 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,415,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 407 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,416,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 408 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,417,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 409 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 418,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 410 {-1,411,-1,-1,-1,411,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 60, -1}, // 411 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,419,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 412 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 28, -1}, // 413 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,420,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 414 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,421,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 415 {-1,422,-1,-1,-1,422,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 416 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,423,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 417 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,424,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 418 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,425,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 419 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,426,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 420 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,427,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 421 {-1,422,-1,-1,-1,422,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 53, -1}, // 422 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,428,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 423 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,429,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 424 {-1,430,-1,-1,-1,430,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 425 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,431,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 426 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 432,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 427 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,433,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 428 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,434,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 429 {-1,430,-1,-1,-1,430,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 25, -1}, // 430 {-1,435,-1,-1,-1,435,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 431 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,436,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 432 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,437,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 433 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,438,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 434 {-1,435,-1,-1,-1,435,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 35, -1}, // 435 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,439,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 436 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,440,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 437 {-1,441,-1,-1,-1,441,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 438 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 42, -1}, // 439 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,442,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 440 {-1,441,-1,-1,-1,441,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 54, -1}, // 441 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 443,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 442 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,444,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 443 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,445,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 444 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,446,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 445 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,447,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 446 {-1,448,-1,-1,-1,448,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 447 {-1,448,-1,-1,-1,448,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 55, -1}, // 448 // xstring { 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1, -1, -1}, // 0 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 90, -1}, // 1 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 87, -1}, // 2 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 4,-1,-1,-1, 5, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 90, -1}, // 3 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 89, -1}, // 4 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 88, -1}, // 5 // pstring { 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1, -1, -1}, // 0 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 85, -1}, // 1 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 86, -1}, // 2 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 83, -1}, // 3 { 5, 5,-1, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,-1, 85, -1}, // 4 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 84, -1}, // 5 // pxstring { 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1, -1, -1}, // 0 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 77, -1}, // 1 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 78, -1}, // 2 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 75, -1}, // 3 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 76, -1}, // 4 // string { 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1, -1, -1}, // 0 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 81, -1}, // 1 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 82, -1}, // 2 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 79, -1}, // 3 { 5, 5,-1, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,-1, 81, -1}, // 4 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 80, -1}, // 5 // rawstring { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1, -1, -1}, // 0 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 92, -1}, // 1 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 3,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 4, 4, 4, 4,-1,-1,-1, 4,-1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 92, -1}, // 2 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 91, -1}, // 3 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 3,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 4, 4,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 4, 4, 4, 4,-1,-1,-1, 4,-1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 4 // comment { 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1, -1, -1}, // 0 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 93, -1}, // 1 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 94, -1}, // 2 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 4, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 93, -1}, // 3 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 95, -1}, // 4 // quote { 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1, -1, -1}, // 0 { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,-1, -1, -1}, // 1 { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,-1, -1, -1}, // 2 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 5,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 3 { 7, 7, 2, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,10,10, 7, 7, 7,10, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,10, 7, 7, 7,10, 7,10, 7,10, 7,11, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,-1, -1, -1}, // 4 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 100, -1}, // 5 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 101, -1}, // 6 { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,12, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,-1, -1, -1}, // 7 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,12,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 100, -1}, // 8 { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,12, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 13, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,-1, -1, -1}, // 9 { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,14, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,-1, -1, -1}, // 10 { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,12, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 15,15, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,15, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,15,15, 15,15,15,15, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,-1, -1, -1}, // 11 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 99, -1}, // 12 { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 16, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,-1, -1, -1}, // 13 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 98, -1}, // 14 { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 17,17, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,17, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,17,17, 17,17,17,17, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,-1, -1, -1}, // 15 { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,18, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,-1, -1, -1}, // 16 { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,19, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,-1, -1, -1}, // 17 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 96, -1}, // 18 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 97, -1}, // 19 // block { 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 5, 1, 1, 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 7, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 8, 1, 1, 9, 1, 1, 1, 1,10, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,11, 1,12, 1,-1, -1, -1}, // 0 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 23, -1}, // 1 {-1, 2,-1,-1,-1, 2,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 1, -1}, // 2 {-1,-1, 3,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 2, -1}, // 3 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 7, -1}, // 4 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,13,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,14,-1,-1, 15,15,-1,-1,16,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 23, -1}, // 5 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 8, -1}, // 6 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,17,-1,-1,-1,18, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 23, -1}, // 7 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 19,19,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,20,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 23, -1}, // 8 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,21,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 23, -1}, // 9 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,22,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 23, -1}, // 10 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 0, -1}, // 11 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 6, -1}, // 12 {-1,23,23,-1,-1,23,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,24,-1,-1,-1,25,26,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,27,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 15, -1}, // 13 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 15,15,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 14 {-1,28,28,-1,-1,28,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,29,30,-1, 15,15,-1,-1,-1,31,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 18, -1}, // 15 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,32,32,32,32,-1,-1,-1,32,-1,32,32, 32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32, 32,32,32,32,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 16 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 4, -1}, // 17 {18,18,-1,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18, 18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18, 18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18, 18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,-1, 3, -1}, // 18 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 19,19,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 13, -1}, // 19 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 12, -1}, // 20 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,33,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,34,34,34,34,-1,-1,-1,34,-1,34,34, 34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34, 34,34,34,34,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 21 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,35,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,36,-1,-1, 37,37,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 22 {-1,23,23,-1,-1,23,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,27,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 23 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 11, -1}, // 24 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,38,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 25 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 15, -1}, // 26 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 9, -1}, // 27 {-1,28,28,-1,-1,28,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,31,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 28 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,39,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 29 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 19, -1}, // 30 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 10, -1}, // 31 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 32,32,-1,-1,-1,-1,40,-1,-1,32,32,32,32,-1,-1,-1,32,-1,32,32, 32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32, 32,32,32,32,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 32 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 5, -1}, // 33 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,33,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 34,34,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,34,34,34,34,-1,-1,-1,34,-1,34,34, 34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34, 34,34,34,34,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 34 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 14, -1}, // 35 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 37,37,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 36 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 37,37,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 17, -1}, // 37 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 16, -1}, // 38 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 20, -1}, // 39 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,41,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 40 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 42,42,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 41 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,43,44,-1, 42,42,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 21, -1}, // 42 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,45,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1, -1}, // 43 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 21, -1}, // 44 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 22, -1}, // 45 // typespec { 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1, -1, -1}, // 0 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 104, -1}, // 1 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 102, -1}, // 2 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 107, -1}, // 3 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 6,-1,-1,-1, 7, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 104, -1}, // 4 { 8, 8,-1, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,-1, 104, -1}, // 5 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 106, -1}, // 6 { 7, 7,-1, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,-1, 105, -1}, // 7 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 103, -1}, // 8 // typecomment { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1, -1, -1}, // 0 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 108, -1}, // 1 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 3, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 108, -1}, // 2 {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 109, -1}, // 3 }; int const (*ScannerBase::s_dfaBase_[])[71] = { s_dfa_ + 0, s_dfa_ + 449, s_dfa_ + 455, s_dfa_ + 461, s_dfa_ + 466, s_dfa_ + 472, s_dfa_ + 477, s_dfa_ + 482, s_dfa_ + 502, s_dfa_ + 548, s_dfa_ + 557, }; size_t ScannerBase::s_istreamNr = 0; // $insert inputImplementation ScannerBase::Input::Input() : d_in(0), d_lineNr(1) {} ScannerBase::Input::Input(std::istream *iStream, size_t lineNr) : d_in(iStream), d_lineNr(lineNr) {} size_t ScannerBase::Input::get() { switch (size_t ch = next()) // get the next input char { case '\n': ++d_lineNr; [[fallthrough]]; default: if (s_debug_) { s_out_ << "Input::get() returns "; if (isprint(ch)) s_out_ << '`' << static_cast(ch) << '\''; else s_out_ << "(int)" << static_cast(ch); s_out_ << '\n' << dflush_; } return ch; } } size_t ScannerBase::Input::next() { size_t ch; if (d_deque.empty()) // deque empty: next char fm d_in { if (d_in == 0) return AT_EOF; ch = d_in->get(); return *d_in ? ch : static_cast(AT_EOF); } ch = d_deque.front(); d_deque.pop_front(); return ch; } void ScannerBase::Input::reRead(size_t ch) { if (ch < 0x100) { if (s_debug_) s_out_ << "Input::reRead(" << ch << ")\n" << dflush_; if (ch == '\n') --d_lineNr; d_deque.push_front(ch); } } void ScannerBase::Input::reRead(std::string const &str, size_t fm) { for (size_t idx = str.size(); idx-- > fm; ) reRead(str[idx]); } ScannerBase::ScannerBase(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out, bool keepCwd) : d_out(new std::ostream(out.rdbuf())), // $insert interactiveInit d_in(0), d_dfaBase_(s_dfa_) { if (keepCwd) d_cwd = std::filesystem::current_path().string(); p_pushStream(s_istream, new std::istream(in.rdbuf())); } void ScannerBase::switchStream_(std::istream &in, size_t lineNr) { d_input->close(); d_streamStack.back().input = { new std::istream(in.rdbuf()), lineNr }; } ScannerBase::ScannerBase(std::string const &infilename, std::string const &outfilename, bool keepCwd) : d_out(outfilename == "-" ? new std::ostream(std::cout.rdbuf()) : outfilename == "" ? new std::ostream(std::cerr.rdbuf()) : new std::ofstream(outfilename)), d_dfaBase_(s_dfa_) { if (keepCwd) d_cwd = std::filesystem::current_path().string(); p_pushStream(infilename, { new std::ifstream(infilename) }); toCwd(); } void ScannerBase::switchStreams(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out) { switchStream_(in, 1); switchOstream(out); } void ScannerBase::switchIstream(std::string const &infilename) { d_input->close(); d_filename = infilename; std::ifstream *ptr = new std::ifstream(infilename); d_streamStack.back() = StreamStruct{ chgWorkingDir(d_filename), { ptr } }; d_atBOL = true; } void ScannerBase::switchStreams(std::string const &infilename, std::string const &outfilename) { switchOstream(outfilename); switchIstream(infilename); } void ScannerBase::pushStream(std::istream &istr) { p_pushStream("(istream)", new std::istream(istr.rdbuf())); //streamPtr); } void ScannerBase::pushStream(std::string const &name) { std::istream *streamPtr = new std::ifstream(name); if (!*streamPtr) { delete streamPtr; throw std::runtime_error("Cannot read " + name); } p_pushStream(name, streamPtr); } void ScannerBase::toCwd() const { using namespace std; using namespace filesystem; if (d_cwd.empty()) return; error_code ec; current_path(d_cwd, ec); } // static std::string ScannerBase::chgWorkingDir(std::string const &name) // any name { using namespace std; using namespace filesystem; if (name == s_istream) // used with istreams return name; // a filename: get its auto path = absolute(name); // full pathname error_code ec; current_path(path.parent_path(), ec); return path.string(); // return the pathname } void ScannerBase::p_pushStream(std::string const &name, std::istream *streamPtr) { if (d_streamStack.size() == s_maxSizeofStreamStack_) { delete streamPtr; throw std::length_error("Max stream stack size exceeded"); } d_filename = name; d_streamStack.push_back( StreamStruct{chgWorkingDir(d_filename), { streamPtr } } ); d_input = &d_streamStack.back().input; d_atBOL = true; } void ScannerBase::switchOstream(std::ostream &out) { *d_out << std::flush; d_out.reset(new std::ostream(out.rdbuf())); } // $insert debugFunctions bool ScannerBase::s_debug_ = true; std::ostringstream ScannerBase::s_out_; void ScannerBase::setDebug(bool onOff) { s_debug_ = onOff; } bool ScannerBase::debug() const { return s_debug_; } std::ostream &ScannerBase::dflush_(std::ostream &out) { std::ostringstream &s_out_ = dynamic_cast(out); std::cout << " " << s_out_.str() << std::flush; s_out_.clear(); s_out_.str(""); return out; } void ScannerBase::redo(size_t nChars) { size_t from = nChars >= length() ? 0 : length() - nChars; d_input->reRead(d_matched, from); d_matched.resize(from); } void ScannerBase::switchOstream(std::string const &outfilename) { *d_out << std::flush; d_out.reset( outfilename == "-" ? new std::ostream(std::cout.rdbuf()) : outfilename == "" ? new std::ostream(std::cerr.rdbuf()) : new std::ofstream(outfilename)); } bool ScannerBase::popStream() { using namespace std::filesystem; d_input->close(); if (d_streamStack.size() <= 1) return false; d_streamStack.pop_back(); d_filename = path{ chgWorkingDir(d_streamStack.back().pushedName) }.filename().string(); d_input = &d_streamStack.back().input; return true; } // See the manual's section `Run-time operations' section for an explanation // of this member. ScannerBase::ActionType_ ScannerBase::actionType_(size_t range) { d_nextState = d_dfaBase_[d_state][range]; if (d_nextState != -1) // transition is possible return ActionType_::CONTINUE; if (knownFinalState()) // FINAL state reached return ActionType_::MATCH; if (d_matched.size()) return ActionType_::ECHO_FIRST; // no match, echo the 1st char return range != s_rangeOfEOF_ ? ActionType_::ECHO_CH : ActionType_::RETURN; } void ScannerBase::accept(size_t nChars) // old name: less { if (nChars < d_matched.size()) { d_input->reRead(d_matched, nChars); d_matched.resize(nChars); } } void ScannerBase::setMatchedSize(size_t length) { d_input->reRead(d_matched, length); // reread the tail section d_matched.resize(length); // return what's left } // At this point a rule has been matched. The next character is not part of // the matched rule and is sent back to the input. The final match length // is determined, the index of the matched rule is determined, and then // d_atBOL is updated. Finally the rule's index is returned. // The numbers behind the finalPtr assignments are explained in the // manual's `Run-time operations' section. size_t ScannerBase::matched_(size_t ch) { // $insert debug if (s_debug_) s_out_ << "MATCH" << "\n" << dflush_; d_input->reRead(ch); FinalData *finalPtr; if (not d_atBOL) // not at BOL finalPtr = &d_final.std; // then use the std rule (3, 4) // at BOL else if (not available(d_final.std.rule)) // only a BOL rule avail. finalPtr = &d_final.bol; // use the BOL rule (6) else if (not available(d_final.bol.rule)) // only a std rule is avail. finalPtr = &d_final.std; // use the std rule (7) else if ( // Both are available (8) d_final.bol.length != // check lengths of matched texts d_final.std.length // unequal lengths, use the rule ) // having the longer match length finalPtr = d_final.bol.length > d_final.std.length ? &d_final.bol : &d_final.std; else // lengths are equal: use 1st rule finalPtr = d_final.bol.rule < d_final.std.rule ? &d_final.bol : &d_final.std; setMatchedSize(finalPtr->length); // size check needed since g++-15 d_atBOL = d_matched.size() > 0 and d_matched.back() == '\n'; // $insert debug if (s_debug_) s_out_ << "match buffer contains `" << d_matched << "'" << "\n" << dflush_; return finalPtr->rule; } size_t ScannerBase::getRange_(int ch) // using int to prevent casts { return ch == AT_EOF ? as(s_rangeOfEOF_) : s_ranges_[ch]; } // At this point d_nextState contains the next state and continuation is // possible. The just read char. is appended to d_match void ScannerBase::continue_(int ch) { // $insert debug if (s_debug_) s_out_ << "CONTINUE, NEXT STATE: " << d_nextState << "\n" << dflush_; d_state = d_nextState; if (ch != AT_EOF) d_matched += ch; } void ScannerBase::echoCh_(size_t ch) { // $insert debug if (s_debug_) s_out_ << "ECHO_CH" << "\n" << dflush_; *d_out << as(ch); d_atBOL = ch == '\n'; } // At this point there is no continuation. The last character is // pushed back into the input stream as well as all but the first char. in // the buffer. The first char. in the buffer is echoed to stderr. // If there isn't any 1st char yet then the current char doesn't fit any // rules and that char is then echoed void ScannerBase::echoFirst_(size_t ch) { // $insert debug if (s_debug_) s_out_ << "ECHO_FIRST" << "\n" << dflush_; d_input->reRead(ch); d_input->reRead(d_matched, 1); echoCh_(d_matched[0]); } // Update the rules associated with the current state, do this separately // for BOL and std rules. // If a rule was set, update the rule index and the current d_matched // length. void ScannerBase::updateFinals_() { size_t len = d_matched.size(); int const *rf = d_dfaBase_[d_state] + s_finIdx_; if (rf[0] != -1) // update to the latest std rule { // $insert debug if (s_debug_) s_out_ << "latest std rule: " << rf[0] << ", len = " << len << "\n" << dflush_; d_final.std = FinalData { as(rf[0]), len }; } if (rf[1] != -1) // update to the latest bol rule { // $insert debug if (s_debug_) s_out_ << "latest BOL rule: " << rf[0] << ", len = " << len << "\n" << dflush_; d_final.bol = FinalData { as(rf[1]), len }; } } void ScannerBase::reset_() { d_final = Final{ FinalData{s_unavailable, 0}, FinalData {s_unavailable, 0} }; d_state = 0; d_return = true; if (!d_more) d_matched.clear(); d_more = false; } int Scanner::executeAction_(size_t ruleIdx) try { // $insert debug if (s_debug_) s_out_ << "Executing actions of rule " << ruleIdx << "\n" << dflush_; switch (ruleIdx) { // $insert actions case 0: { #line 23 "lexer" { d_block.open(lineNr(), filename()); begin(StartCondition_::block); } } break; case 1: { #line 33 "lexer" { if (d_block) d_block += " "; } } break; case 2: { #line 38 "lexer" { setLineNrs(); if (d_block) d_block += "\n"; } } break; case 4: { #line 49 "lexer" { d_commentChar[0] = ' '; begin(StartCondition_::comment); } } break; case 5: { #line 60 "lexer" rawString(); } break; case 6: { #line 62 "lexer" { if (d_block.close()) { begin(StartCondition_::INITIAL); return Tokens::BLOCK; } } } break; case 7: { #line 70 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::string); more(); } } break; case 8: { #line 75 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::quote); more(); } } break; case 9: case 10: { #line 88 "lexer" assignment(); } break; case 11: case 12: case 13: case 14: case 15: case 16: case 17: case 18: case 19: case 20: case 21: case 22: { #line 101 "lexer" d_block.atDollar(lineNr(), d_matched, false); } break; case 23: { #line 103 "lexer" d_block(d_matched); } break; case 24: { #line 106 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::BASECLASS_HEADER; } } break; case 25: { #line 110 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::BASECLASS_PREINCLUDE; } } break; case 26: { #line 114 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::CLASS_HEADER; } } break; case 27: { #line 118 "lexer" return Tokens::CLASS_NAME; } break; case 28: { #line 119 "lexer" return Tokens::CONSTRUCTOR_CHECKS; } break; case 29: { #line 120 "lexer" return Tokens::DEFAULT_ACTIONS; } break; case 30: { #line 121 "lexer" return Tokens::DEBUGFLAG; } break; case 31: { #line 122 "lexer" return Tokens::ERROR_VERBOSE; } break; case 32: { #line 123 "lexer" return Tokens::EXPECT; } break; case 33: { #line 124 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::FILENAMES; } } break; case 34: { #line 128 "lexer" return Tokens::FLEX; } break; case 35: { #line 129 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::IMPLEMENTATION_HEADER; } } break; case 36: { #line 133 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); d_include = true; } } break; case 37: { #line 137 "lexer" return Tokens::LEFT; } break; case 38: { #line 138 "lexer" return Tokens::LOCATIONSTRUCT; } break; case 39: { #line 139 "lexer" return Tokens::LSP_NEEDED; } break; case 40: { #line 140 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::xstring); return Tokens::LTYPE; } } break; case 41: { #line 144 "lexer" return Tokens::NAMESPACE; } break; case 42: { #line 145 "lexer" return Tokens::NEG_DOLLAR; } break; case 43: { #line 146 "lexer" return Tokens::NOLINES; } break; case 44: { #line 147 "lexer" return Tokens::NONASSOC; } break; case 45: { #line 148 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::PARSEFUN_SOURCE; } } break; case 46: { #line 152 "lexer" return Tokens::POLYMORPHIC; } break; case 47: { #line 153 "lexer" return Tokens::PREC; } break; case 48: { #line 154 "lexer" return Tokens::PRINT_TOKENS; } break; case 49: { #line 155 "lexer" return Tokens::PROMPT; } break; case 50: { #line 156 "lexer" return Tokens::REQUIRED; } break; case 51: { #line 157 "lexer" return Tokens::RIGHT; } break; case 52: { #line 158 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::SCANNER; } } break; case 53: { #line 162 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::SCANNER_CLASS_NAME; } } break; case 54: { #line 166 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::SCANNER_TOKEN_FUNCTION; } } break; case 55: { #line 170 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::SCANNER_MATCHED_TEXT_FUNCTION; } } break; case 56: { #line 175 "lexer" return Tokens::STACK_EXPANSION; } break; case 57: { #line 176 "lexer" return Tokens::START; } break; case 58: { #line 177 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::xstring); return Tokens::STYPE; } } break; case 59: { #line 181 "lexer" return Tokens::WARN_TAGS; } break; case 60: { #line 182 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::TARGET_DIRECTORY; } } break; case 61: { #line 186 "lexer" return Tokens::THREAD_SAFE; } break; case 62: { #line 187 "lexer" return Tokens::TOKEN; } break; case 63: { #line 188 "lexer" return Tokens::TOKEN_CLASS; } break; case 64: { #line 189 "lexer" return Tokens::TOKEN_NAMESPACE; } break; case 65: { #line 190 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::TOKEN_PATH; } } break; case 66: { #line 194 "lexer" return Tokens::TYPE; } break; case 67: { #line 195 "lexer" return Tokens::UNION; } break; case 68: { #line 196 "lexer" return Tokens::WEAK_TAGS; } break; case 69: { #line 197 "lexer" return Tokens::TWO_PERCENTS; } break; case 70: { #line 199 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::quote); more(); } } break; case 71: { #line 204 "lexer" { begin(StartCondition_::string); more(); } } break; case 72: { #line 209 "lexer" return Tokens::IDENTIFIER; } break; case 73: { #line 211 "lexer" { d_number = stoul(d_matched); return Tokens::NUMBER; } } break; case 74: { #line 216 "lexer" return d_matched[0]; } break; case 75: { #line 221 "lexer" { more(); begin(StartCondition_::string); } } break; case 76: { #line 225 "lexer" { more(); begin(StartCondition_::pstring); } } break; case 77: { #line 229 "lexer" { accept(0); begin(StartCondition_::xstring); } } break; case 78: { #line 233 "lexer" return eoln(); } break; case 79: { #line 239 "lexer" { if (handleXstring(0)) return Tokens::STRING; } } break; case 80: case 81: { #line 244 "lexer" more(); } break; case 82: { #line 245 "lexer" return eoln(); } break; case 83: { #line 250 "lexer" { if (handleXstring(0)) return Tokens::STRING; } } break; case 84: case 85: { #line 255 "lexer" more(); } break; case 86: { #line 256 "lexer" return eoln(); } break; case 87: { #line 262 "lexer" { if (handleXstring(1)) return Tokens::STRING; } } break; case 88: case 89: { #line 268 "lexer" { if (handleXstring(2)) return Tokens::STRING; } } break; case 90: { #line 273 "lexer" more(); } break; case 91: { #line 277 "lexer" checkEndOfRawString(); } break; case 92: { #line 279 "lexer" more(); } break; case 94: { #line 284 "lexer" { setLineNrs(); d_commentChar[0] = '\n'; } } break; case 95: { #line 288 "lexer" { if (!d_block) begin(StartCondition_::INITIAL); else { d_block += d_commentChar; begin(StartCondition_::block); } } } break; case 96: { #line 303 "lexer" returnQuoted(&Scanner::octal); } break; case 97: { #line 305 "lexer" returnQuoted(&Scanner::hexadecimal); } break; case 98: { #line 307 "lexer" { if (d_block(d_matched)) begin(StartCondition_::block); else { begin(StartCondition_::INITIAL); escape(); return Tokens::QUOTE; } } } break; case 99: { #line 318 "lexer" returnQuoted(&Scanner::matched2); } break; case 100: { #line 320 "lexer" returnQuoted(&Scanner::matched1); } break; case 101: { #line 322 "lexer" returnQuoted(&Scanner::multiCharQuote); } break; case 102: { #line 330 "lexer" d_typeName += ' '; } break; case 103: case 104: { #line 333 "lexer" d_typeName += matched(); } break; case 106: { #line 338 "lexer" begin(StartCondition_::typecomment); } break; case 107: { #line 340 "lexer" returnTypeSpec(); } break; case 109: { #line 346 "lexer" { d_typeName += ' '; begin(StartCondition_::typespec); } } break; } // $insert debug if (s_debug_) s_out_ << "Rule " << ruleIdx << " did not do 'return'" << "\n" << dflush_; noReturn_(); return 0; } catch (Leave_ value) { return static_cast(value); } int Scanner::lex_() { reset_(); preCode(); while (true) { size_t ch = get_(); // fetch next char size_t range = getRange_(ch); // determine the range updateFinals_(); // update the state's Final info switch (actionType_(range)) // determine the action { case ActionType_::CONTINUE: continue_(ch); continue; case ActionType_::MATCH: { d_token_ = executeAction_(matched_(ch)); if (return_()) { print(); toCwd(); return d_token_; } break; } case ActionType_::ECHO_FIRST: echoFirst_(ch); break; case ActionType_::ECHO_CH: echoCh_(ch); break; case ActionType_::RETURN: // $insert debug if (s_debug_) s_out_ << "EOF_REACHED" << "\n" << dflush_; if (!popStream()) { postCode(PostEnum_::END); toCwd(); return 0; } postCode(PostEnum_::POP); continue; } // switch postCode(PostEnum_::WIP); reset_(); preCode(); } // while } void ScannerBase::print_() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/hexadecimal.cc0000664000175000017500000000023114700504612016457 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" void Scanner::hexadecimal() { istringstream istr(d_matched.substr(3)); istr >> hex >> d_number; checkZeroNumber(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/popstream.cc0000664000175000017500000000023314700504612016227 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" bool Scanner::popStream() { bool ret = ScannerBase::popStream(); d_inclusionDepth -= ret; setTags(); return ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/returnquoted.cc0000664000175000017500000000105714700504612016763 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" void Scanner::returnQuoted(void (Scanner::*handler)()) { if (d_block) { d_block += d_matched; begin(StartCondition_::block); } else { begin(StartCondition_::INITIAL); (this->*handler)(); // handles quoted // octal constant (octal) or // hex constant (hexadecimal) // why not escape sequence? (escape) leave(Tokens::QUOTE); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/scanner.ih0000664000175000017500000000072014700504612015662 0ustar frankfrank#include "../xerr/xerr.ih" #include "scanner.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "../parser/tokens.h" #include "../options/options.h" inline void Scanner::matched1() { d_number = d_matched[1]; } inline void Scanner::matched2() { d_number = d_matched[2]; } #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/returntypespec.cc0000664000175000017500000000056114700504612017315 0ustar frankfrank#define XERR #include "scanner.ih" void Scanner::returnTypeSpec() { string trimmed = String::trim(d_typeName); push(matched()); // return '%' or ';' for renewed scanning trimmed.resize(trimmed.length()); setMatched(String::trim(trimmed)); d_typeName.clear(); begin(StartCondition_::INITIAL); leave(Tokens::IDENTIFIER); } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/octal.cc0000664000175000017500000000040614700504612015321 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" void Scanner::octal() { istringstream istr(d_matched.substr(2)); istr >> oct >> d_number; if (d_number > 0xff) emsg << "Quoted constant " << d_matched << " exceeds 0177" << endl; else checkZeroNumber(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/canonicalquote.cc0000664000175000017500000000033114700504612017221 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" string const &Scanner::canonicalQuote() { ostringstream oss; oss << "'\\x" << setfill('0') << setw(2) << hex << d_number << "'"; return d_canonicalQuote = oss.str(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/handlerawstring.cc0000664000175000017500000000043114700504612017411 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" void Scanner::rawString() { d_rawString = matched(); d_rawString.erase(0, 1); // rm the R d_rawString.front() = ')'; // end sentinel is )IDENTIFIER" d_rawString.back() = '"'; more(); begin(StartCondition_::rawstring); } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/scanner.h0000664000175000017500000000524714700504612015522 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Flexc++ V0.09.50 on Wed, 08 Feb 2012 11:05:26 +0100 #ifndef Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ #define Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ // $insert baseclass_h #include "scannerbase.h" #include #include #include #include "../block/block.h" namespace FBB { class Mstream; } // $insert classHead class Scanner: public ScannerBase { size_t d_number; // only valid after tokens NUMBER and // after escape(), octal() and // hexadecimal(). Illegal (long) // character constants (> 1 char) have bit // 8 set. bool d_include; // set to true/false by lexer-actions char d_commentChar[2]; // set to ' ' in `lexer' when C // comment without \n is matched, // otherwise set to \n. See // `lexer' for details Block d_block; // action block retrieved fm the input std::string d_canonicalQuote; // canonical quoted ident. std::string d_rawString; // Raw-string sentinel std::string d_typeName; // type specification at %polymorphic std::string const &d_matched; size_t d_maxDepth; // max. file inclusion depth size_t d_inclusionDepth; // actual inclusion depth public: Scanner(std::string const &infile); // $insert lexFunctionDecl int lex(); Block &block(); std::string const &canonicalQuote(); void clearBlock(); size_t number() const; bool hasBlock() const; void beginTypeSpec(); private: void assignment(); void print(); int lex_(); int executeAction_(size_t ruleNr); void preCode(); // re-implement this function for code that must // be exec'ed before the patternmatching starts void postCode(PostEnum_ type); bool handleXstring(size_t nRedo); // performs pushStream int eoln(); void returnTypeSpec(); void returnQuoted(void (Scanner::*handler)()); // handle quoted // constants void escape(); void checkZeroNumber(); void octal(); void hexadecimal(); void matched2(); void matched1(); void multiCharQuote(); void rawString(); void checkEndOfRawString(); void setTags() const; void setLineNrs() const; bool popStream(); }; #include "scanner.f" #endif // Scanner_H_INCLUDED_ bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/handlexstring.cc0000664000175000017500000000137514700504612017077 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" bool Scanner::handleXstring(size_t nRedo) { redo(nRedo); setLineNrs(); if (d_block) { begin(StartCondition_::block); d_block += d_matched; return false; } begin(StartCondition_::INITIAL); if (not d_include) return true; d_include = false; string filename = string("\"<").find(d_matched[0]) == 0 ? Options::undelimit(d_matched) : d_matched; if (++d_inclusionDepth > d_maxDepth) fmsg << "maximum inclusion depth (" << d_inclusionDepth << ", " << d_maxDepth << ") exceeded" << noid; pushStream(filename); setTags(); return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/setlinenrs.cc0000664000175000017500000000026414700504612016407 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" void Scanner::setLineNrs() const { emsg.setLineNr(lineNr()); fmsg.setLineNr(lineNr()); imsg.setLineNr(lineNr()); wmsg.setLineNr(lineNr()); } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/scanner1.cc0000664000175000017500000000061314700504612015731 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" Scanner::Scanner(std::string const &infile) : ScannerBase(infile, ""), d_include(false), d_matched(matched()), d_inclusionDepth(1) { memset(d_commentChar, 0, 2); setTags(); Arg &arg = Arg::instance(); string value; if (arg.option(&value, "max-inclusion-depth")) d_maxDepth = stoul(value); else d_maxDepth = 10; } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/scanner.f0000664000175000017500000000107014700504612015506 0ustar frankfrank// $insert inlineLexFunction inline int Scanner::lex() { return lex_(); } inline void Scanner::preCode() { } inline void Scanner::postCode([[maybe_unused]] PostEnum_ type) { } inline void Scanner::print() { print_(); } inline Block &Scanner::block() { return d_block; } inline void Scanner::clearBlock() { d_block.clear(); } inline size_t Scanner::number() const { return d_number; } inline bool Scanner::hasBlock() const { return not d_block.empty(); } inline void Scanner::beginTypeSpec() { begin(StartCondition_::typespec); } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/lexer0000664000175000017500000003053214700504612014755 0ustar frankfrank%filenames scanner %class-name = "Scanner" %debug // %print-tokens %x xstring pstring pxstring string rawstring comment quote block typespec %x typecomment OCTAL [0-7] OCT3 {OCTAL}{3} HEX [[:xdigit:]] HEX2 {HEX}{2} ID1 [[:alpha:]_] ID2 [[:alnum:]_] IDENT {ID1}{ID2}* NR [[:digit:]]+ %% { "{" { // open or count a nested a block d_block.open(lineNr(), filename()); begin(StartCondition_::block); } // The whitespace-eating RegExes (REs) will normally simply consume the // WS. However, if d_retWS is unequal 0 then WS is returned. This is // sometimes needed (e.g., inside code blocks to be able to return the ws // as part of the code-block). Comment is part of the WS returning REs [ \t]+ { if (d_block) d_block += " "; } [\n]+ { setLineNrs(); if (d_block) d_block += "\n"; } "//".* // ignore eoln comment in source blocks // If comment is entered from `block' either a blank or a newline will be // added to the block as soon as the matching end-comment is seen, and // the scanner will return to its block-miniscanner state "/*" { d_commentChar[0] = ' '; begin(StartCondition_::comment); } } // Blocks start at { and end at their matching } char. They may contain // comment and whitespace, but whitespace is reduced to single blanks or // newlines. All STRING and QUOTE constants are kept as-is, and are // registered as skip-ranges for $-checks { R\"{IDENT}?\( rawString(); "}" { if (d_block.close()) // close a block { begin(StartCondition_::INITIAL); return Tokens::BLOCK; } } "\"" { begin(StartCondition_::string); more(); } "'" { begin(StartCondition_::quote); more(); } // negative dollar indices with tag indicate a .get request. // there is no reference option: // "_$<"{IDENT}">"-{NR} | // refDid_n // see: parser/substituteblock.cc // AtDollar Pattern: "$$"[ \t\n]*= | // assignments are refDD or refD_ "$"-?{NR}[ \t\n]*= assignment(); "$$(" | @@ | @{NR} | "_$$" | "$$"\.? | "$$->" | "_$"-?{NR} | \$-?{NR} | \$-?{NR}\. | \$-?{NR}"->" | "$<"{IDENT}">"-{NR}\.? | "$<"{IDENT}">"-{NR}"->" d_block.atDollar(lineNr(), d_matched, false); . d_block(d_matched); } %baseclass-header[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::BASECLASS_HEADER; } %baseclass-preinclude[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::BASECLASS_PREINCLUDE; } %class-header[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::CLASS_HEADER; } %class-name return Tokens::CLASS_NAME; %constructor-checks return Tokens::CONSTRUCTOR_CHECKS; %default-actions return Tokens::DEFAULT_ACTIONS; %debug return Tokens::DEBUGFLAG; %error-verbose return Tokens::ERROR_VERBOSE; %expect return Tokens::EXPECT; %filenames[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::FILENAMES; } "%flex" return Tokens::FLEX; %implementation-header[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::IMPLEMENTATION_HEADER; } %include[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); d_include = true; } %left return Tokens::LEFT; %locationstruct return Tokens::LOCATIONSTRUCT; %lsp-needed return Tokens::LSP_NEEDED; %ltype[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::xstring); return Tokens::LTYPE; } %namespace return Tokens::NAMESPACE; %negative-dollar-indices return Tokens::NEG_DOLLAR; %no-lines return Tokens::NOLINES; %nonassoc return Tokens::NONASSOC; %parsefun-source[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::PARSEFUN_SOURCE; } %polymorphic return Tokens::POLYMORPHIC; %prec return Tokens::PREC; %print-tokens return Tokens::PRINT_TOKENS; %prompt return Tokens::PROMPT; %required-tokens return Tokens::REQUIRED; %right return Tokens::RIGHT; %scanner[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::SCANNER; } %scanner-class-name[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::SCANNER_CLASS_NAME; } %scanner-token-function[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::SCANNER_TOKEN_FUNCTION; } %scanner-matched-text-function[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::SCANNER_MATCHED_TEXT_FUNCTION; } %stack-expansion[ \t]+ return Tokens::STACK_EXPANSION; %start return Tokens::START; %stype[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::xstring); return Tokens::STYPE; } %tag-mismatches return Tokens::WARN_TAGS; %target-directory[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::TARGET_DIRECTORY; } %thread-safe return Tokens::THREAD_SAFE; %token return Tokens::TOKEN; %token-class return Tokens::TOKEN_CLASS; %token-namespace return Tokens::TOKEN_NAMESPACE; %token-path[ \t]+ { begin(StartCondition_::pxstring); return Tokens::TOKEN_PATH; } %type return Tokens::TYPE; %union return Tokens::UNION; %weak-tags return Tokens::WEAK_TAGS; "%%" return Tokens::TWO_PERCENTS; "'" { begin(StartCondition_::quote); more(); } "\"" { begin(StartCondition_::string); more(); } {IDENT} return Tokens::IDENTIFIER; [[:digit:]]+ { d_number = stoul(d_matched); return Tokens::NUMBER; } . return d_matched[0]; // pxstring is activated after a directive has been sensed. // it extracts a string, pstring or any sequence of non-blank characters, { "\"" { more(); begin(StartCondition_::string); } "<" { more(); begin(StartCondition_::pstring); } . { accept(0); begin(StartCondition_::xstring); } \n return eoln(); } // string may be entered from block and pxstring // strings are all series (including escaped chars, like \") surrounded by // double quotes: { "\"" { if (handleXstring(0)) return Tokens::STRING; } "\\". | . more(); \n return eoln(); } // a pstring is a string surrounded by < and > { ">" { if (handleXstring(0)) return Tokens::STRING; } "\\". | . more(); \n return eoln(); } // xstring returns the next string delimited by either blanks, tabs, // newlines or C/C++ comment. { [[:space:]] { if (handleXstring(1)) return Tokens::STRING; } "//" | "/*" { if (handleXstring(2)) return Tokens::STRING; } . more(); } { \){IDENT}?\" checkEndOfRawString(); .|\n more(); } { . \n { setLineNrs(); d_commentChar[0] = '\n'; } "*/" { if (!d_block) begin(StartCondition_::INITIAL); else { d_block += d_commentChar; begin(StartCondition_::block); } } } // quote may be entered from INITIAL and block. // quoted constants start with a quote. They may be octal or hex numbers, // escaped chars, or quoted constants { "\\"{OCT3}"'" returnQuoted(&Scanner::octal); "\\x"{HEX2}"'" returnQuoted(&Scanner::hexadecimal); "\\"[abfnrtv]"'" { if (d_block(d_matched)) begin(StartCondition_::block); else { begin(StartCondition_::INITIAL); escape(); // quoted escape char return Tokens::QUOTE; } } "\\"."'" returnQuoted(&Scanner::matched2); ."'" returnQuoted(&Scanner::matched1); [^']+"'" returnQuoted(&Scanner::multiCharQuote); } // a typespec holds all chars after a ':' until a ';' or '%' (which are // pushed back). It is used as a type specification in // parser/inc/directives. Escape characters are interpreted { \n d_typeName += ' '; // convert newlines to spaces \\. | // add escaped chars as-is [^;%] d_typeName += matched(); // accept all until ; or % "//".* // ignore EOLN comment // ignore std C comment "/*" begin(StartCondition_::typecomment); [;%] returnTypeSpec(); // back to INITIAL, returns IDENTIFIER } { .|\n // ignored "*/" { d_typeName += ' '; begin(StartCondition_::typespec); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/multicharquote.cc0000664000175000017500000000023014700504612017260 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" void Scanner::multiCharQuote() { emsg << "multiple characters in quoted constant " << d_matched << endl; d_number = 0; } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/scannerbase.h0000664000175000017500000003132314771271012016352 0ustar frankfrank// Generated by Flexc++ V2.17.01 on Thu, 27 Mar 2025 16:43:06 +0100 #ifndef ScannerBASE_H_INCLUDED #define ScannerBASE_H_INCLUDED #include #include #include #include #include #include // $insert baseIncludes #include #include #include class ScannerBase { // idx: rule, value: tail length (NO_INCREMENTS if no tail) using VectorInt = std::vector; static size_t const s_unavailable = std::numeric_limits::max(); static constexpr char const s_istream[] = "(istream)"; enum { AT_EOF = -1 }; protected: enum Leave_ {}; enum class ActionType_ { CONTINUE, // transition succeeded, go on ECHO_CH, // echo ch itself (d_matched empty) ECHO_FIRST, // echo d_matched[0], push back the rest MATCH, // matched a rule RETURN, // no further continuation, lex returns 0. }; enum class PostEnum_ { END, // postCode called when lex_() ends POP, // postCode called after switching files RETURN, // postCode called when lex_() returns WIP // postCode called when a non-returning rule // was matched }; public: // $insert startcondenum enum class StartCondition_{ INITIAL, xstring, pstring, pxstring, string, rawstring, comment, quote, block, typespec, typecomment, }; private: struct FinalData { size_t rule; size_t length; }; struct Final { FinalData std; FinalData bol; }; // class Input encapsulates all input operations. // Its member get() returns the next input character // $insert inputInterface class Input { std::deque d_deque; // pending input chars std::istream *d_in; // ptr for easy streamswitching size_t d_lineNr; // line count public: Input(); // iStream: dynamically allocated Input(std::istream *iStream, size_t lineNr = 1); size_t get(); // the next range void reRead(size_t ch); // push back 'ch' (if < 0x100) // push back str from idx 'fmIdx' void reRead(std::string const &str, size_t fmIdx); size_t lineNr() const; size_t nPending() const; void setPending(size_t size); void close(); // force closing the stream private: size_t next(); // obtain the next character }; protected: struct StreamStruct { std::string pushedName; Input input; }; private: std::string d_cwd; std::vector d_streamStack; std::string d_filename; // name of the currently processed static size_t s_istreamNr; // file. With istreams it receives // the name "", where // # is the sequence number of the // istream (starting at 1) int d_startCondition = 0; int d_lopSC = 0; size_t d_state = 0; int d_nextState; std::shared_ptr d_out; bool d_atBOL = true; // the matched text starts at BOL Final d_final; // only used interactively: std::istream *d_in; // points to the input stream std::shared_ptr d_line; // holds line fm d_in std::string d_matched; // matched characters std::string d_lopMatched; // matched lop-rule characters std::string::iterator d_lopIter; std::string::iterator d_lopTail; std::string::iterator d_lopEnd; size_t d_lopPending; // # pending input chars at lop1_ bool d_return; // return after a rule's action bool d_more = false; // set to true by more() size_t (ScannerBase::*d_get)() = &ScannerBase::getInput; // $insert inputDeclaration Input *d_input; // input now in d_streamStack protected: std::istream *d_in_; int d_token_; // returned by lex_ // $insert debugDecl static bool s_debug_; static std::ostringstream s_out_; static std::ostream &dflush_(std::ostream &out); private: int const (*d_dfaBase_)[71]; static int const s_dfa_[][71]; static int const (*s_dfaBase_[])[71]; enum: bool { s_interactive_ = false }; enum: size_t { s_rangeOfEOF_ = 68, s_finIdx_ = 69, s_nRules_ = 110, s_maxSizeofStreamStack_ = 10 }; static size_t const s_ranges_[]; static size_t const s_rf_[][2]; public: ScannerBase(ScannerBase const &other) = delete; bool debug() const; std::string const &filename() const; std::string const &cwd() const; std::string const &matched() const; size_t length() const; size_t lineNr() const; void setDebug(bool onOff); void switchOstream(std::ostream &out); void switchOstream(std::string const &outfilename); void switchStreams(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out = std::cout); void switchIstream(std::string const &infilename); void switchStreams(std::string const &infilename, std::string const &outfilename); // $insert interactiveDecl protected: ScannerBase(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out, bool keepCwd = true); ScannerBase(std::string const &infilename, std::string const &outfilename, bool keepCwd = true); ~ScannerBase(); bool popStream(); std::ostream &out(); void echo() const; void leave(int retValue) const; void toCwd() const; // `accept(n)' returns all but the first `n' characters of the current // token back to the input stream, where they will be rescanned when the // scanner looks for the next match. // So, it matches n of the characters in the input buffer, and so it accepts // n characters, rescanning the rest. void accept(size_t nChars = 0); // former: less void redo(size_t nChars = 0); // rescan the last nChar // characters, reducing // length() by nChars void more(); void push(size_t ch); // push char to Input void push(std::string const &txt); // same: chars std::vector const &streamStack() const; void pushStream(std::istream &curStream); void pushStream(std::string const &curName); void setFilename(std::string const &name); void setMatched(std::string const &text); static std::string istreamName_(); // members used by lex_(): they end in _ and should not be used // otherwise. ActionType_ actionType_(size_t range); // next action bool return_(); // 'return' from codeblock size_t matched_(size_t ch); // handles a matched rule size_t getRange_(int ch); // convert char to range size_t get_(); // next character size_t state_() const; // current state void continue_(int ch); // handles a transition void echoCh_(size_t ch); // echoes ch, sets d_atBOL void echoFirst_(size_t ch); // handles unknown input void updateFinals_(); // update a state's Final info void noReturn_(); // d_return to false void print_() const; // optionally print token void pushFront_(size_t ch); // return char to Input void reset_(); // prepare for new cycle // next input stream: void switchStream_(std::istream &in, size_t lineNr); void lopf_(size_t tail); // matched fixed size tail void lop1_(int lopSC); // matched ab for a/b void lop2_(); // matches the LOP's b tail void lop3_(); // catch-all while matching b void lop4_(); // matches the LOP's a head // $insert startconddecl StartCondition_ startCondition() const; // current start condition void begin(StartCondition_ startCondition); private: static StartCondition_ constexpr SC(int sc); static int constexpr SC(StartCondition_ sc); size_t getInput(); size_t getLOP(); void p_pushStream(std::string const &name, std::istream *streamPtr); void setMatchedSize(size_t length); bool knownFinalState(); static std::string chgWorkingDir(std::string const &filename); template static ReturnType constexpr as(ArgType value); static bool constexpr available(size_t value); }; // $insert inputInline inline size_t ScannerBase::Input::lineNr() const { return d_lineNr; } inline size_t ScannerBase::Input::nPending() const { return d_deque.size(); } inline void ScannerBase::Input::setPending(size_t size) { d_deque.erase(d_deque.begin(), d_deque.end() - size); } inline void ScannerBase::Input::close() { delete d_in; d_in = 0; // switchStreams also closes } inline ScannerBase::~ScannerBase() { d_input->close(); } template inline ReturnType constexpr ScannerBase::as(ArgType value) { return static_cast(value); } // $insert startcondimpl inline ScannerBase::StartCondition_ constexpr ScannerBase::SC(int sc) { return as(sc); } inline int constexpr ScannerBase::SC(StartCondition_ sc) { return as(sc); } inline ScannerBase::StartCondition_ ScannerBase::startCondition() const { return SC(d_startCondition); } inline void ScannerBase::begin(StartCondition_ startCondition) { if (s_debug_) s_out_ << "Switching to StartCondition_ # " << as(startCondition) << '\n'; // d_state is reset to 0 by reset_() d_dfaBase_ = s_dfaBase_[d_startCondition = SC(startCondition)]; } inline bool ScannerBase::knownFinalState() { return (d_atBOL && available(d_final.bol.rule)) || available(d_final.std.rule); } inline bool constexpr ScannerBase::available(size_t value) { return value != std::numeric_limits::max(); } inline std::ostream &ScannerBase::out() { return *d_out; } inline void ScannerBase::push(size_t ch) { d_input->reRead(ch); } inline void ScannerBase::push(std::string const &str) { d_input->reRead(str, 0); } inline std::vector const &ScannerBase::streamStack() const { return d_streamStack; } inline void ScannerBase::setFilename(std::string const &name) { d_filename = name; } inline void ScannerBase::setMatched(std::string const &text) { d_matched = text; } inline std::string const &ScannerBase::matched() const { return d_matched; } inline std::string const &ScannerBase::cwd() const { return d_cwd; } inline std::string const &ScannerBase::filename() const { return d_filename; } inline void ScannerBase::echo() const { *d_out << d_matched; } inline size_t ScannerBase::length() const { return d_matched.size(); } inline void ScannerBase::leave(int retValue) const { throw as(retValue); } inline size_t ScannerBase::lineNr() const { return d_input->lineNr(); } inline void ScannerBase::more() { d_more = true; } inline size_t ScannerBase::state_() const { return d_state; } inline size_t ScannerBase::get_() { return (this->*d_get)(); } inline size_t ScannerBase::getInput() { return d_input->get(); } inline bool ScannerBase::return_() { return d_return; } inline void ScannerBase::noReturn_() { d_return = false; } #endif // ScannerBASE_H_INCLUDED bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/eoln.cc0000664000175000017500000000016714700504612015160 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" int Scanner::eoln() { begin(StartCondition_::INITIAL); setLineNrs(); return '\n'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/checkendofrawstring.cc0000664000175000017500000000027414700504612020254 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" void Scanner::checkEndOfRawString() { if (matched().rfind(d_rawString) == length() - d_rawString.length()) begin(StartCondition_::block); more(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/frame0000664000175000017500000000005514700504612014725 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" Scanner::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/driver/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612015203 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/driver/build0000775000175000017500000003750314700504612016240 0ustar frankfrank#!/usr/bin/icmake -qt/tmp/driver // script generated by the C++ icmake script version 2.30 /* Configurable defines: CLASSES: string of directory-names under which sources of classes are found. E.g., CLASSES = "class1 class2" All class-names must be stored in one string. If classes are removed from the CLASSES definition or if the names in the CLASSES definition are reordered, the compilation should start again from scratch. */ string CLASSES; void setClasses() { // ADD ADDITIONAL DIRECTORIES CONTAINING SOURCES OF CLASSES HERE // Use the construction `CLASSES += "classname1 classname2";' etc. CLASSES += " "; } /* Default values for the following variables are found in $IM/default/defines.im BISON_FLAGS: This directive is only used when a grammar is generated using bison++. It defines the set of flags that are given to bison++ when bison++ generates the parser. By default the following flags are specified: -v -l The -d and -o flags are always provided (not configurable) BUILD_LIBRARY: define this if you want to create a library for the object modules. Undefined by default: so NO LIBRARY IS BUILT. This links ALL object files to a program, which is a faster process than linking to a library. But it can bloat the executable: all o-modules, rather than those that are really used, become part of the program's code. BUILD_PROGRAM: define if a program is to be built. If not defined, library maintenance is assumed (by default it is defined to the name of the program to be created). COMPILER: The compiler to use. COPT: C-options used by COMPILER LOPT: Define this (default: to "`wx-config --lib`") if a wxWindows program is constructed. In that case, you probably also want to define the COPT option `wx-config --cxxflags`, using, e.g., the following definition: #define COPT "-Wall `wx-config --cxxflags`" ECHO_REQUEST: ON (default) if command echoing is wanted, otherwise: set to OFF GDB: define if gdb-symbolic debug information is wanted (not defined by default) GRAMMAR_LINES: When this directive is defined, #line directives will be generated at the first C++ compound statement in each individual grammar specification file. Undefine if no such #line directives are required. LIBS: Extra libraries used for linking LIBPATH: Extra library-searchpaths used for linking QT: Define this (default: to "qt") if the unthreaded QT library is used. Define as "qt-mt" if the threaded QT library is used. If set, header files are grepped for the occurrence of the string '^[[:space:]]*Q_OBJECT[[:space:]]*$'. If found, moc -o moc.cc .h is called if the moc-file doesn't exist or is older than the .h file. Also, if defined the proper QT library is linked, assuming that the library is found in the ld-search path (E.g., see the environment variable $LIBRARY_PATH). Note that namespaces are NOT part of the build-script: they are only listed below for convenience. When they must be altered, the defaults must be changed in $IM/default/defines.im RELINK: Defined by default, causing a program to be relinked every time the script is called. Do not define it if relinking should only occur if a source is compiled. No effect for library maintenance. Current values: */ //#define BUILD_LIBRARY #define BUILD_PROGRAM "driver" #define COMPILER "g++" #define COPT "-Wall" //#define LOPT "`wx-config --libs`" #define ECHO_REQUEST 1 //#define GDB "-g" #define LIBS "bisonc++" #define LIBPATH "../.." // local namespace is: FBB // using-declarations generated for: std:FBB // qt-mt can be used to select the threaded QT library //#define QT "qt" // NO CONFIGURABLE PARTS BELOW THIS LINE /* V A R S . I M */ string // contain options for cwd, // current WD libs, // extra libs, e.g., "-lrss -licce" libpath, // extra lib-paths, eg, "-L../rss" copt, // Compiler options lopt, // Linker options libxxx, // full library-path ofiles, // wildcards for o-files sources, // sources to be used current, // contains name of current dir. programname; // the name of the program to create int nClasses, // number of classes/subdirectories program; // 1: program is built list classes; // list of classes/directories /* parser.im */ void parser() { #ifdef GRAMBUILD chdir("parser/gramspec"); #ifdef GRAMMAR_LINES system("./grambuild lines"); #else system("./grambuild"); #endif chdir(".."); if ( exists("grammar") && "grammar" younger "parse.cc" ) // new parser needed #ifdef BISON_FLAGS exec("bisonc++", BISON_FLAGS, "grammar"); #else exec("bisonc++", "grammar"); #endif chdir(".."); #endif } /* S C A N N E R . I M */ void scanner() { string interactive; #ifdef INTERACTIVE interactive = "-I"; #endif #ifdef GRAMBUILD chdir("scanner"); if ( // new lexer needed exists("lexer") && ( "lexer" younger "yylex.cc" || ( exists("../parser/parser.h") && "../parser/parser.h" younger "yylex.cc" ) ) ) exec("flex", interactive, "lexer"); chdir(".."); #endif } /* I N I T I A L . I M */ void initialize() { echo(ECHO_REQUEST); sources = "*.cc"; ofiles = "o/*.o"; // std set of o-files copt = COPT; #ifdef GDB copt += " " + GDB; #endif #ifdef BUILD_PROGRAM program = 1; programname = BUILD_PROGRAM; #else program = 0; #endif; cwd = chdir("."); #ifdef GRAMBUILD if (exists("parser")) // subdir parser exists { CLASSES += "parser "; parser(); } if (exists("scanner")) // subdir scanner exists { CLASSES += "scanner "; scanner(); } #endif setClasses(); // remaining classes classes = strtok(CLASSES, " "); // list of classes nClasses = sizeof(classes); } /* M O C . I M */ void moc(string class) { string hfile; string mocfile; int ret; hfile = class + ".h"; mocfile = "moc" + class + ".cc"; if ( hfile younger mocfile // no mocfile or younger h file && // and Q_OBJECT found in .h file !system(P_NOCHECK, "grep '^[[:space:]]*Q_OBJECT[;[:space:]]*$' " + hfile) ) // then call moc. system("moc -o " + mocfile + " " + hfile); } /* O B J F I L E S . I M */ list objfiles(list files) { string file, objfile; int i; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(files); i++) { file = element(i, files); // determine element of the list objfile = "./o/" + change_ext(file, "o"); // make obj-filename if (objfile younger file) // objfile is younger { files -= (list)file; // remove the file from the list i--; // reduce i to test the next } } return (files); } /* A L T E R E D . I M */ list altered(list files, string target) { int i; string file; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(files); i++) // try all elements of the list { file = element(i, files); // use element i of the list if (file older target) // a file is older than the target { files -= (list)file; // remove the file from the list i--; // reduce i to inspect the next } // file of the list } return (files); // return the new list } /* F I L E L I S T . I M */ list file_list(string type, string library) { list files; files = makelist(type); // make all files of certain type #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY files = altered(files, library); // keep all files newer than lib. #endif files = objfiles(files); // remove if younger .obj exist return (files); } /* L I N K . I M */ void link(string library) { printf("\n"); exec(COMPILER, "-o", programname, #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY "-l" + library, #else ofiles, #endif libs, #ifdef QT "-l" + QT, #endif "-L.", libpath, lopt #ifdef LOPT , LOPT #endif #ifndef GDB , "-s" #endif ); printf("ok: ", programname, "\n"); } /* P R E F I X C L . I M */ void prefix_class(string class_id) { list o_files; string o_file; int i; chdir("o"); o_files = makelist("*.o"); for (i = 0; o_file = element(i, o_files); i++) exec("mv", o_file, class_id + o_file); chdir(".."); } /* R M C L A S S P . I M */ #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY string rm_class_id(string class_id, string ofile) { string ret; int index, n; n = strlen(ofile); for (index = strlen(class_id); index < n; index++) ret += element(index, ofile); return ret; } #endif void rm_class_prefix(string class_id) { #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY list o_files; string o_file; int i; chdir("o"); o_files = makelist("*.o"); for (i = 0; o_file = element(i, o_files); i++) exec("mv", o_file, rm_class_id(class_id, o_file)); chdir(".."); #endif } /* C C O M P I L E . I M */ void c_compile(list cfiles) { string nextfile; int i; if (!exists("o")) system("mkdir o"); if (sizeof(cfiles)) // files to compile ? { printf("\ncompiling: ", current, "\n\n"); // compile all files separately for (i = 0; nextfile = element(i, cfiles); i++) exec(COMPILER, "-c -o o/" + change_ext(nextfile, "o"), copt, nextfile); printf("\n"); } printf("ok: ", current, "\n"); } /* U P D A T E L I . I M */ void updatelib(string library) { #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY list arlist, objlist; string to, from; objlist = makelist("o/*.o"); if (!sizeof(objlist)) return; printf("\n"); exec("ar", "rvs", library, "o/*.o"); exec("rm", "o/*.o"); printf("\n"); #endif } /* S T D C P P . I M */ void std_cpp(string library) { list cfiles; cfiles = file_list(sources, library); // make list of all cpp-files c_compile(cfiles); // compile cpp-files } /* C P P M A K E . C CPP files are processed by stdmake. Arguments of CPPMAKE: cpp_make( string mainfile, : name of the main .cpp file, or "" for library maintenance string library, : name of the local library to use/create (without lib prefix or .a/.so suffix (E.g., use `main' for `libmain.a') ) Both mainfile and library MUST be in the current directory */ void cpp_make(string mainfile, string library) { int index; string class; if (nClasses) ofiles += " */o/*.o"; // set ofiles for no LIBRARY use // make library name #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY libxxx = chdir(".") + "lib" + library + ".a"; #endif // first process all classes for (index = 0; index < nClasses; index++) { class = element(index, classes); // next class to process chdir(class); // change to directory current = "subdir " + class; #ifdef QT moc(class); // see if we should call moc #endif std_cpp(libxxx); // compile all files chdir(cwd); // go back to parent dir } current = "auxiliary " + sources + " files"; std_cpp(libxxx); // compile all files in current dir #ifdef BUILD_LIBRARY // prefix class-number for .o files for (index = 0; index < nClasses; index++) { current = element(index, classes); // determine class name chdir( current); // chdir to a class directory. prefix_class((string)index); updatelib(libxxx); chdir(cwd); // go back to parent dir } current = ""; // no class anymore updatelib(libxxx); // update lib in current dir #endif if (mainfile != "") // mainfile -> do link { link(library); printf ( "\nProgram construction completed.\n" "\n" ); } } /* S E T L I B S . I M */ void setlibs() { #ifdef LIBS int n, index; list cut; cut = strtok(LIBS, " "); // cut op libraries n = sizeof(cut); for (index = 0; index < n; index++) libs += " -l" + element(index, cut); cut = strtok(LIBPATH, " "); // cut up the paths n = sizeof(cut); for (index = 0; index < n; index++) libpath += " -L" + element(index, cut); #endif } void main() { initialize(); setlibs(); #ifdef BUILD_PROGRAM cpp_make ( "driver.cc", // program source "driver" // static program library ); #else cpp_make ( "", "driver" // static- or so-library ); #endif } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/driver/driver.cc0000664000175000017500000000066214700504612017011 0ustar frankfrank/* driver.cc */ #include "driver.h" int main(int argc, char **argv) try { Scanner scanner(argv[1]); while (true) { Scanner::Token t = scanner.lex(); if (t == Scanner::ENDFILE) break; cout << "Token " << t << ": " << scanner.text() << endl; } } catch (exception const &err) { cout << err.what() << " (" << errno << ")" << endl; return 1; } bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/driver/driver.h0000664000175000017500000000032314700504612016645 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_DRIVER_H_ #define _INCLUDED_DRIVER_H_ #include #include #include #include "../scanner.h" namespace FBB {} using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/driver/grammar0000664000175000017500000000116714700504612016561 0ustar frankfrank%union { int i; size_t/*unsigned*/ u; std::string *s; }; %type NUMBER number %class-name Parser %filenames parser %parsefun-source parse.cc %debug %token NUMBER %% startrule: expressions 'q' { cout << "Done\n"; ACCEPT(); } ; expressions: expressions expression | expression ; expression: number '+' number '=' { cout << $1 << " + " << $3 << " = " << $1 + $3 << endl; } ; number: NUMBER { $$ = atoi(d_scanner.YYText()); cout << "Saw " << d_scanner.YYText() << endl; } ; bisonc++-6.09.01/scanner/assignment.cc0000664000175000017500000000041314700504612016365 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner.ih" void Scanner::assignment() { d_block.atDollar(lineNr(), "_" + d_matched.substr(0, length() - 1), d_matched[1] == '$', // saw '$$ =', so $$-assignment true); // ref. by the scanner push(" ="); } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612014266 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/debugfunctions2.in0000664000175000017500000000066414700504612017725 0ustar frankfrankstd::string \@Base::symbol_(int value) const { using namespace std; ostringstream ostr; SMap::const_iterator it = s_symbol.find(value); if (it != s_symbol.end()) ostr << '\'' << it->second << '\''; else if (isprint(value)) ostr << '`' << static_cast(value) << "' (" << value << ')'; else ostr << "'\\x" << setfill('0') << hex << setw(2) << value << '\''; return ostr.str(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/bisonc++.ih0000664000175000017500000000125514700504612016216 0ustar frankfrank // Include this file in the sources of the class \@. $insert class.h $insert namespace-open inline void \@::error() { std::cerr << "Syntax error\n"; } $insert lex inline void \@::print() { } inline void \@::exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc) { throw; // re-implement to handle exceptions thrown by actions } $insert namespace-close // Add here includes that are only required for the compilation // of \@'s sources. $insert namespace-use // UN-comment the next using-declaration if you want to use // int \@'s sources symbols from the namespace std without // specifying std:: //using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/debuglookup.in0000664000175000017500000000056514700504612017144 0ustar frankfrankif (d_debug_) { s_out_ << "encountered " << symbol_(token_()) << " in state " << state_() << ": "; if (action < 0) // a reduction was found s_out_ << ": reducing by rule " << -action; else if (action == 0) s_out_ << "ACCEPT"; else s_out_ << "next state: " << action; s_out_ << '\n' << dflush_; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/bisonc++polymorphic.code0000664000175000017500000000012514700504612021011 0ustar frankfrank$insert idoftag size_t const *s_nErrors_; Base::~Base() {} } // namespace Meta_ bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/bisonc++polymorphic0000664000175000017500000001117014700504612020102 0ustar frankfrank extern size_t const *s_nErrors_; template struct TagOf; template struct TypeOf; $insert polymorphicSpecializations // Individual semantic value classes are derived from Base, offering a // member returning the value's Tag_, a member cloning the object of its // derived Semantic and a member returning a pointerr to its // derived Semantic data. See also Bisonc++'s distribution file // README.polymorphic-techical class Base { protected: Tag_ d_baseTag; // d_baseTag is assigned by Semantic. public: Base() = default; Base(Base const &other) = delete; virtual ~Base(); Tag_ tag() const; Base *clone() const; void *data() const; private: virtual Base *vClone() const = 0; virtual void *vData() const = 0; }; inline Base *Base::clone() const { return vClone(); } inline void *Base::data() const { return vData(); } inline Tag_ Base::tag() const { return d_baseTag; } // The class Semantic stores a semantic value of the type matching tg_ template class Semantic: public Base { typename TypeOf::type d_data; public: Semantic(); Semantic(Semantic const &other); // req'd for cloning // This constructor member template forwards its arguments to // d_data, allowing it to be initialized using whatever // constructor is available for DataType template Semantic(Params &&...params); private: Base *vClone() const override; void *vData() const override; }; template Semantic::Semantic() { d_baseTag = tg_; // Base's data member: } template Semantic::Semantic(Semantic const &other) : d_data(other.d_data) { d_baseTag = other.d_baseTag; } template template Semantic::Semantic(Params &&...params) : d_data(std::forward(params) ...) { d_baseTag = tg_; } template Base *Semantic::vClone() const { return new Semantic{*this}; } template void *Semantic::vData() const { return const_cast::type *>(&d_data); } // The class SType wraps a pointer to Base. It becomes the polymorphic // STYPE_ type. It also defines get members, allowing constructions like // $$.get to be used. class SType: private std::unique_ptr { using BasePtr = std::unique_ptr; public: SType(); SType(SType const &other); SType(SType &&tmp); ~SType() = default; // Specific overloads are needed for SType = SType assignments SType &operator=(SType const &rhs); SType &operator=(SType &rhs); // required so it is used // instead of the template op= SType &operator=(SType &&tmp); $insert polymorphicOpAssignDecl template void assign(Args &&...args); // By default the get()-members check whether the specified // matches the tag returned by SType::tag (d_data's tag). If they // don't match a run-time fatal error results. template typename TypeOf::type &get(); template typename TypeOf::type const &get() const; Tag_ tag() const; }; inline SType::SType() : std::unique_ptr(new Semantic{}) {} inline SType::SType(SType const &other) : BasePtr{ other->clone() } {} inline SType::SType(SType &&tmp) : BasePtr{ std::move(tmp) } { tmp = SType{}; // tmp remains valid } inline SType &SType::operator=(SType const &rhs) { reset(rhs->clone()); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(SType &rhs) { reset(rhs->clone()); return *this; } inline SType &SType::operator=(SType &&tmp) { BasePtr::operator=(std::move(tmp)); return *this; } $insert polymorphicOpAssignImpl template void SType::assign(Args &&...args) { reset(new Semantic(std::forward(args) ...)); } template typename TypeOf::type &SType::get() { $insert warnTagMismatches return *static_cast::type *>( (*this)->data() ); } template typename TypeOf::type const &SType::get() const { $insert warnTagMismatches return *static_cast::type *>( (*this)->data() ); } inline Tag_ SType::tag() const { return (*this)->tag(); } } // namespace Meta_ bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/bisonc++.h0000664000175000017500000000145714700504612016051 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef \@$_h_included #define \@$_h_included $insert baseclass $insert scanner.h $insert namespace-open $insert undefparser class \@: public \@Base { $insert 4 scannerobject public: \@() = default; int parse(); private: void error(); // called on (syntax) errors int lex(); // returns the next token from the // lexical scanner. void print(); // use, e.g., d_token, d_loc void exceptionHandler(std::exception const &exc); // support functions for parse(): void executeAction_(int ruleNr); void errorRecovery_(); void nextCycle_(); void nextToken_(); void print_(); }; $insert namespace-close #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/bisonc++base.h0000664000175000017500000000742214700504612016702 0ustar frankfrank// hdr/includes #ifndef \@$Base_h_included #define \@$Base_h_included #include #include #include $insert polyincludes $insert preincludes $insert debugincludes // hdr/baseclass namespace // anonymous { struct PI_; } $insert namespace-open $insert polymorphic $insert parserbase { public: enum DebugMode_ { OFF = 0, ON = 1 << 0, ACTIONCASES = 1 << 1 }; $insert tokens $insert LTYPE $insert STYPE private: // state semval using StatePair = std::pair; // token semval using TokenPair = std::pair; int d_stackIdx = -1; std::vector d_stateStack; StatePair *d_vsp = 0; // points to the topmost value stack size_t d_state = 0; TokenPair d_next; int d_token; bool d_terminalToken = false; bool d_recovery = false; $insert LTYPEstack protected: enum Return_ { PARSE_ACCEPT_ = 0, // values used as parse()'s return values PARSE_ABORT_ = 1 }; enum ErrorRecovery_ { UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_, }; bool d_actionCases_ = false; // set by options/directives bool d_debug_ = true; size_t d_requiredTokens_; size_t d_nErrors_; // initialized by clearin() size_t d_acceptedTokens_; STYPE_ d_val_; $insert LTYPEdata \@Base(); $insert debugdecl void ABORT() const; void ACCEPT() const; void ERROR() const; STYPE_ &vs_(int idx); // value stack element idx int lookup_() const; int savedToken_() const; int token_() const; size_t stackSize_() const; size_t state_() const; size_t top_() const; void clearin_(); void errorVerbose_(); void lex_(int token); void popToken_(); void pop_(size_t count = 1); void pushToken_(int token); void push_(size_t nextState); void redoToken_(); bool recovery_() const; void reduce_(int rule); void shift_(int state); void startRecovery_(); public: void setDebug(bool mode); void setDebug(DebugMode_ mode); }; // hdr/abort inline void \@Base::ABORT() const { $insert 4 debug "ABORT(): Parsing unsuccessful" throw PARSE_ABORT_; } // hdr/accept inline void \@Base::ACCEPT() const { $insert 4 debug "ACCEPT(): Parsing successful" throw PARSE_ACCEPT_; } // hdr/error inline void \@Base::ERROR() const { $insert 4 debug "ERROR(): Forced error condition" throw UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_; } // hdr/savedtoken inline int \@Base::savedToken_() const { return d_next.first; } // hdr/opbitand inline \@Base::DebugMode_ operator&(\@Base::DebugMode_ lhs, \@Base::DebugMode_ rhs) { return static_cast<\@Base::DebugMode_>( static_cast(lhs) & rhs); } // hdr/opbitor inline \@Base::DebugMode_ operator|(\@Base::DebugMode_ lhs, \@Base::DebugMode_ rhs) { return static_cast<\@Base::DebugMode_>(static_cast(lhs) | rhs); }; // hdr/recovery inline bool \@Base::recovery_() const { return d_recovery; } // hdr/stacksize inline size_t \@Base::stackSize_() const { return d_stackIdx + 1; } // hdr/state inline size_t \@Base::state_() const { return d_state; } // hdr/token inline int \@Base::token_() const { return d_token; } // hdr/vs inline \@Base::STYPE_ &\@Base::vs_(int idx) { return (d_vsp + idx)->second; } $insert notokens $insert namespace-close #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/ltypedata.in0000664000175000017500000000012514700504612016603 0ustar frankfrankLTYPE_ d_loc_; LTYPE_ const &lsp_(int idx) const { return *(d_lsp + idx); } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/print.in0000664000175000017500000000026414700504612015754 0ustar frankfrankstd::cout << "Token: " << symbol_(token_()) << ", text: `"; if (token_() == Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_) std::cout << "'\n"; else std::cout << \@matchedtextfunction << "'\n"; bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/debugincludes.in0000664000175000017500000000014514700504612017433 0ustar frankfrank#include #include #include #include #include bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/bisonc++.cc0000664000175000017500000003405714700504612016211 0ustar frankfrank// base/comment $insert class.ih // The FIRST element of SR arrays shown below uses `d_type', defining the // state's type, and `d_lastIdx' containing the last element's index. If // d_lastIdx contains the REQ_TOKEN bitflag (see below) then the state needs // a token: if in this state d_token is Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_, nextToken() will be // called // The LAST element of SR arrays uses `d_token' containing the last retrieved // token to speed up the (linear) seach. Except for the first element of SR // arrays, the field `d_action' is used to determine what to do next. If // positive, it represents the next state (used with SHIFT); if zero, it // indicates `ACCEPT', if negative, -d_action represents the number of the // rule to reduce to. // `lookup()' tries to find d_token in the current SR array. If it fails, and // there is no default reduction UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_ is thrown, which is then // caught by the error-recovery function. // The error-recovery function will pop elements off the stack until a state // having bit flag ERR_ITEM is found. This state has a transition on errTok_ // which is applied. In this errTok_ state, while the current token is not a // proper continuation, new tokens are obtained by nextToken(). If such a // token is found, error recovery is successful and the token is // handled according to the error state's SR table and parsing continues. // During error recovery semantic actions are ignored. // A state flagged with the DEF_RED flag will perform a default // reduction if no other continuations are available for the current token. // The ACCEPT STATE never shows a default reduction: when it is reached the // parser returns ACCEPT(). During the grammar // analysis phase a default reduction may have been defined, but it is // removed during the state-definition phase. // So: // s_x[] = // { // [_field_1_] [_field_2_] // // First element: {state-type, idx of last element}, // Other elements: {required token, action to perform}, // ( < 0: reduce, // 0: ACCEPT, // > 0: next state) // } // base/declarations $insert debugincludes namespace // anonymous { char const author[] = "Frank B. Brokken (f.b.brokken@rug.nl)"; enum Reserved_ { UNDETERMINED_ = -2, EOF_ = -1, errTok_ = 256 }; enum StateType // modify statetype/data.cc when this enum changes { NORMAL, ERR_ITEM, REQ_TOKEN, ERR_REQ, // ERR_ITEM | REQ_TOKEN DEF_RED, // state having default reduction ERR_DEF, // ERR_ITEM | DEF_RED REQ_DEF, // REQ_TOKEN | DEF_RED ERR_REQ_DEF // ERR_ITEM | REQ_TOKEN | DEF_RED }; inline bool operator&(StateType lhs, StateType rhs) { return (static_cast(lhs) & rhs) != 0; } enum StateTransition { ACCEPT_ = 0, // `ACCEPT' TRANSITION }; struct PI_ // Production Info { size_t d_nonTerm; // identification number of this production's // non-terminal size_t d_size; // number of elements in this production }; struct SR_ // Shift Reduce info, see its description above { union { int _field_1_; // initializer, allowing initializations // of the SR s_[] arrays StateType d_type; int d_token; }; union { int _field_2_; int d_lastIdx; // if negative, the state uses SHIFT int d_action; // may be negative (reduce), // postive (shift), or 0 (accept) }; }; $insert 4 staticdata $insert namespace-open $insert polymorphicCode // If the parsing function call (i.e., parse()' needs arguments, then provide // an overloaded function. The code below doesn't rely on parameters, so no // arguments are required. Furthermore, parse uses a function try block to // allow us to do ACCEPT and ABORT from anywhere, even from within members // called by actions, simply throwing the appropriate exceptions. // base/base1 \@Base::\@Base() : d_token(Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_), $insert 4 baseclasscode } // base/clearin void \@Base::clearin_() { d_nErrors_ = 0; d_stackIdx = -1; d_stateStack.clear(); $insert 4 LTYPEclear d_token = Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_; d_next = TokenPair{ Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_, STYPE_{} }; d_recovery = false; d_acceptedTokens_ = d_requiredTokens_; d_val_ = STYPE_{}; push_(0); } // base/debugfunctions $insert debugfunctions void \@Base::setDebug(bool mode) { d_actionCases_ = false; d_debug_ = mode; } void \@Base::setDebug(DebugMode_ mode) { d_actionCases_ = mode & ACTIONCASES; d_debug_ = mode & ON; } // base/lex void \@Base::lex_(int token) { d_token = token; if (d_token <= 0) d_token = Reserved_::EOF_; d_terminalToken = true; } // base/lookup int \@Base::lookup_() const { // if the final transition is negative, then we should reduce by the rule // given by its positive value. SR_ const *sr = s_state[d_state]; SR_ const *last = sr + sr->d_lastIdx; for ( ; ++sr != last; ) // visit all but the last SR entries { if (sr->d_token == d_token) return sr->d_action; } if (sr == last) // reached the last element { if (sr->d_action < 0) // default reduction { $insert 12 debug "\nLOOKUP: [" << state_() << ", " << symbol_(d_token) << "] -> default reduce using rule " << -sr->d_action return sr->d_action; } // No default reduction, so token not found, so error. throw UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_; } // not at the last element: inspect the nature of the action // (< 0: reduce, 0: ACCEPT, > 0: shift) int action = sr->d_action; $insert 0 debuglookup return action; } // base/pop void \@Base::pop_(size_t count) { $insert 4 debug "pop " << count << " elements from the stack having size " << stackSize_() if (d_stackIdx < static_cast(count)) { $insert 8 debug "Terminating parse(): state stack underflow at token " << symbol_(d_token) ABORT(); } d_stackIdx -= count; d_state = d_stateStack[d_stackIdx].first; d_vsp = &d_stateStack[d_stackIdx]; $insert 4 LTYPEpop $insert 4 debug "next: [" << state_() << ", " << symbol_(d_token) << ']' << stype_(". Semantic: ", vs_(0)) } // base/poptoken void \@Base::popToken_() { d_token = d_next.first; d_val_ = d_token >= 0 ? std::move(d_next.second) : STYPE_{}; d_next.first = Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_; } // base/push void \@Base::push_(size_t state) { size_t currentSize = d_stateStack.size(); if (stackSize_() == currentSize) { size_t newSize = currentSize + STACK_EXPANSION_; d_stateStack.resize(newSize); $insert 8 LTYPEresize } ++d_stackIdx; $insert 4 LTYPEpush d_stateStack[d_stackIdx] = StatePair{ d_state = state, std::move(d_val_) }; d_vsp = &d_stateStack[d_stackIdx]; if (d_stackIdx == 0) { $insert 4 debug "\nPUSH 0 (initializing the state stack)" } else { $insert 4 debug "\nPUSH: [" << (d_vsp - 1)->first << ", " << symbol_(d_token) << "] -> " << state << stype_(" (semantic TOS = ", d_val_, ")") } } // base/pushtoken void \@Base::pushToken_(int token) { d_next = TokenPair{ d_token, std::move(d_val_) }; d_token = token; } // base/redotoken void \@Base::redoToken_() { if (d_token != Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_) pushToken_(d_token); } // base/reduce void \@Base::reduce_(int rule) { PI_ const &pi = s_productionInfo[rule]; d_token = pi.d_nonTerm; $insert 4 debug "rule " << (&pi - s_productionInfo) << ": pop " << pi.d_size << " elements. Next will be: [" << d_stateStack[d_stackIdx - pi.d_size].first << ", " << symbol_(d_token) << ']' pop_(pi.d_size); d_terminalToken = false; } // base/shift void \@Base::shift_(int action) { push_(action); popToken_(); // token processed if (d_recovery and d_terminalToken) { $insert 8 debug "ERROR RECOVERED: next state " << action d_recovery = false; d_acceptedTokens_ = 0; } } // base/startrecovery void \@Base::startRecovery_() { int lastToken = d_token; // give the unexpected token a // chance to be processed // again. pushToken_(Reserved_::errTok_); // specify errTok_ as next token push_(lookup_()); // push the error state d_token = lastToken; // reactivate the unexpected // token (we're now in an // ERROR state). d_recovery = true; } // base/top inline size_t \@Base::top_() const { return d_stateStack[d_stackIdx].first; } // derived/errorrecovery void \@::errorRecovery_() { // When an error has occurred, pop elements off the stack until the top // state has an error-item. If none is found, the default recovery // mode (which is to abort) is activated. // // If EOF is encountered without being appropriate for the current state, // then the error recovery will fall back to the default recovery mode. // (i.e., parsing terminates) $insert 4 debug "\nERROR: [" << top_() << ", " << symbol_(token_()) << "] -> ??. Errors: " << (d_nErrors_ + 1) if (d_acceptedTokens_ >= d_requiredTokens_)// only generate an error- { // message if enough tokens ++d_nErrors_; // were accepted. Otherwise error(); // simply skip input $insert 8 errorverbose } // get the error state while (not (s_state[top_()][0].d_type & ERR_ITEM)) { $insert 8 debug "pop state: " << top_() << " (not an ERROR state)" pop_(); } $insert 4 debug "Reached ERROR state " << top_() // In the error state, looking up a token allows us to proceed. // Continuation may be require multiple reductions, but eventually a // terminal-token shift is used. See nextCycle_ for details. startRecovery_(); } // derived/executeaction void \@::executeAction_(int production) try { if (token_() != Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_) pushToken_(token_()); // save an already available token $insert 4 debug "execute action " << production << " ..." $insert executeactioncases switch (production) { $insert 8 actioncases } $insert 4 debug "... completed" << stype_(", semantic: ", vs_(0)) } catch (std::exception const &exc) { exceptionHandler(exc); } // derived/nextcycle void \@::nextCycle_() try { if (s_state[state_()]->d_type & REQ_TOKEN) nextToken_(); // obtain next token int action = lookup_(); // lookup d_token in d_state if (action > 0) // SHIFT: push a new state { shift_(action); return; } if (action < 0) // REDUCE: execute and pop. { $insert 8 debug "\nREDUCE: rule " << -action if (recovery_()) redoToken_(); else executeAction_(-action); // next token is the rule's LHS reduce_(-action); return; } if (recovery_()) ABORT(); else ACCEPT(); } catch (ErrorRecovery_) { if (not recovery_()) errorRecovery_(); else { if (token_() == Reserved_::EOF_) ABORT(); popToken_(); // skip the failing token } } // derived/nexttoken void \@::nextToken_() { // If d_token is Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_ then if savedToken_() is // Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_ another token is obtained from lex(). Then // savedToken_() is assigned to d_token. // no need for a token: got one already if (token_() != Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_) { $insert 8 debug "available token " << symbol_(token_()) return; } if (savedToken_() != Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_) { popToken_(); // consume pending token $insert 8 debug "retrieved token " << symbol_(token_()) << stype_(", semantic = ", d_val_) } else { ++d_acceptedTokens_; // accept another token (see // errorRecover()) lex_(lex()); print_(); $insert 8 debug "scanner token " << symbol_(token_()) } print(); } // derived/print void \@::print_() { $insert print } // derived/parse int \@::parse() try { // The parsing algorithm: // Initially, state 0 is pushed on the stack, and all relevant variables // are initialized by Base::clearin_. // // Then, in an eternal loop: // // 1. If a state is a REQ_TOKEN type, then the next token is obtained // from nextToken(). This may very well be the currently available // token. When retrieving a terminal token d_terminal is set to true. // // 2. lookup() is called, d_token is looked up in the current state's // SR_ array. // // 4. Depending on the result of the lookup() function the next state is // shifted on the parser's stack, a reduction by some rule is applied, // or the parsing function returns ACCEPT(). When a reduction is // called for, any action that may have been defined for that // reduction is executed. // // 5. An error occurs if d_token is not found, and the state has no // default reduction. $insert 4 debug "parse(): Parsing starts" clearin_(); // initialize, push(0) while (true) { $insert prompt nextCycle_(); } } catch (Return_ retValue) { $insert 4 debug "parse(): returns " << retValue << " or " << d_nErrors_ return retValue or d_nErrors_; } // derived/tail $insert namespace-close bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/ltype.in0000664000175000017500000000024314700504612015752 0ustar frankfrank@ltype \@ltype @else struct LTYPE_ { int timestamp; int first_line; int first_column; int last_line; int last_column; char *text; }; @end bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/debugfunctions3.in0000664000175000017500000000074414700504612017725 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@Base::errorVerbose_() { std::cout << "Parser State stack containing " << (d_stackIdx_ + 1) << "elements:\n" "Each line shows a stack index followed " "by the value of that stack element\n"; for (size_t idx = d_stackIdx_ + 1; idx--; ) std::cout << std::setw(2) << idx << ": " << std::setw(3) << d_stateStack_[idx] << '\n'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/lex.in0000664000175000017500000000012414700504612015403 0ustar frankfrankinline int \@::lex() { @printtokens print(); @end return \@tokenfunction; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/debugdecl.in0000664000175000017500000000034614700504612016537 0ustar frankfrankstatic std::ostringstream s_out_; std::string symbol_(int value) const; std::string stype_(char const *pre, STYPE_ const &semVal, char const *post = "") const; static std::ostream &dflush_(std::ostream &out); bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/debugfunctions1.in0000664000175000017500000000102614700504612017715 0ustar frankfrankstd::ostringstream \@Base::s_out_; std::ostream &\@Base::dflush_(std::ostream &out) { std::ostringstream &s_out_ = dynamic_cast(out); std::cout << " " << s_out_.str() << std::flush; s_out_.clear(); s_out_.str(""); return out; } std::string \@Base::stype_(char const *pre, STYPE_ const &semVal, char const *post) const { @insert-stype using namespace std; ostringstream ostr; ostr << pre << semVal << post; return ostr.str(); @else return ""; @end } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons/undef.in0000664000175000017500000000042714700504612015722 0ustar frankfrank#undef \@ // CAVEAT: between the baseclass-include directive and the // #undef directive in the previous line references to \@ // are read as \@Base. // If you need to include additional headers in this file // you should do so after these comment-lines. bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612015054 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/build0000775000175000017500000000205614700504612016104 0ustar frankfrank#!/bin/bash for x in base/comment \ base/declarations \ base/base1 \ base/clearin \ base/debugfunctions \ base/lex \ base/lookup \ base/pop \ base/poptoken \ base/push \ base/pushtoken \ base/redotoken \ base/reduce \ base/shift \ base/startrecovery \ base/top do echo "// $x" >> bisonc++.cc cat $x >> bisonc++.cc echo >> bisonc++.cc done for x in \ derived/errorrecovery \ derived/executeaction \ derived/nextcycle \ derived/nexttoken \ derived/print \ derived/parse \ derived/tail do echo "// $x" >> bisonc++.cc cat $x >> bisonc++.cc echo >> bisonc++.cc done for x in hdr/includes \ hdr/baseclass \ hdr/abort \ hdr/accept \ hdr/error \ hdr/savedtoken \ hdr/opbitand \ hdr/opbitor \ hdr/recovery \ hdr/stacksize \ hdr/state \ hdr/token \ hdr/vs \ hdr/tail do echo "// $x" >> bisonc++base.h cat $x >> bisonc++base.h echo >> bisonc++base.h done mv bisonc++* ../skeletons/ bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612015766 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/pushtoken0000664000175000017500000000016214700504612017730 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@Base::pushToken_(int token) { d_next = TokenPair{ d_token, std::move(d_val_) }; d_token = token; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/debugfunctions0000664000175000017500000000034314700504612020730 0ustar frankfrank$insert debugfunctions void \@Base::setDebug(bool mode) { d_actionCases_ = false; d_debug_ = mode; } void \@Base::setDebug(DebugMode_ mode) { d_actionCases_ = mode & ACTIONCASES; d_debug_ = mode & ON; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/comment0000664000175000017500000000424114700504612017354 0ustar frankfrank $insert class.ih // The FIRST element of SR arrays shown below uses `d_type', defining the // state's type, and `d_lastIdx' containing the last element's index. If // d_lastIdx contains the REQ_TOKEN bitflag (see below) then the state needs // a token: if in this state d_token is Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_, nextToken() will be // called // The LAST element of SR arrays uses `d_token' containing the last retrieved // token to speed up the (linear) seach. Except for the first element of SR // arrays, the field `d_action' is used to determine what to do next. If // positive, it represents the next state (used with SHIFT); if zero, it // indicates `ACCEPT', if negative, -d_action represents the number of the // rule to reduce to. // `lookup()' tries to find d_token in the current SR array. If it fails, and // there is no default reduction UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_ is thrown, which is then // caught by the error-recovery function. // The error-recovery function will pop elements off the stack until a state // having bit flag ERR_ITEM is found. This state has a transition on errTok_ // which is applied. In this errTok_ state, while the current token is not a // proper continuation, new tokens are obtained by nextToken(). If such a // token is found, error recovery is successful and the token is // handled according to the error state's SR table and parsing continues. // During error recovery semantic actions are ignored. // A state flagged with the DEF_RED flag will perform a default // reduction if no other continuations are available for the current token. // The ACCEPT STATE never shows a default reduction: when it is reached the // parser returns ACCEPT(). During the grammar // analysis phase a default reduction may have been defined, but it is // removed during the state-definition phase. // So: // s_x[] = // { // [_field_1_] [_field_2_] // // First element: {state-type, idx of last element}, // Other elements: {required token, action to perform}, // ( < 0: reduce, // 0: ACCEPT, // > 0: next state) // } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/shift0000664000175000017500000000042214700504612017024 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@Base::shift_(int action) { push_(action); popToken_(); // token processed if (d_recovery and d_terminalToken) { $insert 8 debug "ERROR RECOVERED: next state " << action d_recovery = false; d_acceptedTokens_ = 0; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/lex0000664000175000017500000000021514700504612016477 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@Base::lex_(int token) { d_token = token; if (d_token <= 0) d_token = Reserved_::EOF_; d_terminalToken = true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/top0000664000175000017500000000012214700504612016506 0ustar frankfrankinline size_t \@Base::top_() const { return d_stateStack[d_stackIdx].first; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/reduce0000664000175000017500000000053514700504612017163 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@Base::reduce_(int rule) { PI_ const &pi = s_productionInfo[rule]; d_token = pi.d_nonTerm; $insert 4 debug "rule " << (&pi - s_productionInfo) << ": pop " << pi.d_size << " elements. Next will be: [" << d_stateStack[d_stackIdx - pi.d_size].first << ", " << symbol_(d_token) << ']' pop_(pi.d_size); d_terminalToken = false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/base10000664000175000017500000000012414700504612016701 0ustar frankfrank\@Base::\@Base() : d_token(Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_), $insert 4 baseclasscode } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/poptoken0000664000175000017500000000021614700504612017547 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@Base::popToken_() { d_token = d_next.first; d_val_ = std::move(d_next.second); d_next.first = Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/startrecovery0000664000175000017500000000113314700504612020623 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@Base::startRecovery_() { int lastToken = d_token; // give the unexpected token a // chance to be processed // again. pushToken_(Reserved_::errTok_); // specify errTok_ as next token push_(lookup_()); // push the error state d_token = lastToken; // reactivate the unexpected // token (we're now in an // ERROR state). d_recovery = true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/declarations0000664000175000017500000000366414700504612020372 0ustar frankfrank$insert debugincludes namespace // anonymous { char const author[] = "Frank B. Brokken (f.b.brokken@rug.nl)"; enum Reserved_ { UNDETERMINED_ = -2, EOF_ = -1, errTok_ = 256 }; enum StateType // modify statetype/data.cc when this enum changes { NORMAL, ERR_ITEM, REQ_TOKEN, ERR_REQ, // ERR_ITEM | REQ_TOKEN DEF_RED, // state having default reduction ERR_DEF, // ERR_ITEM | DEF_RED REQ_DEF, // REQ_TOKEN | DEF_RED ERR_REQ_DEF // ERR_ITEM | REQ_TOKEN | DEF_RED }; enum StateTransition { ACCEPT_ = 0, // `ACCEPT' TRANSITION }; struct PI_ // Production Info { size_t d_nonTerm; // identification number of this production's // non-terminal size_t d_size; // number of elements in this production }; struct SR_ // Shift Reduce info, see its description above { union { int _field_1_; // initializer, allowing initializations // of the SR s_[] arrays StateType d_type; int d_token; }; union { int _field_2_; int d_lastIdx; // if negative, the state uses SHIFT int d_action; // may be negative (reduce), // postive (shift), or 0 (accept) }; }; $insert 4 staticdata $insert namespace-open $insert polymorphicCode // If the parsing function call (i.e., parse()' needs arguments, then provide // an overloaded function. The code below doesn't rely on parameters, so no // arguments are required. Furthermore, parse uses a function try block to // allow us to do ACCEPT and ABORT from anywhere, even from within members // called by actions, simply throwing the appropriate exceptions. bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/push0000664000175000017500000000126414700504612016673 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@Base::push_(size_t state) { size_t currentSize = d_stateStack.size(); if (stackSize_() == currentSize) { size_t newSize = currentSize + STACK_EXPANSION_; d_stateStack.resize(newSize); $insert 8 LTYPEresize } ++d_stackIdx; $insert 4 LTYPEpush d_stateStack[d_stackIdx] = StatePair{ d_state = state, std::move(d_val_) }; d_vsp = &d_stateStack[d_stackIdx]; if (d_stackIdx == 0) { $insert 4 debug "\nPUSH 0 (initializing the state stack)" } else { $insert 4 debug "\nPUSH: [" << (d_vsp - 1)->first << ", " << symbol_(d_token) << "] -> " << state << stype_(" (semantic TOS = ", d_val_, ")") } } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/pop0000664000175000017500000000102414700504612016504 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@Base::pop_(size_t count) { $insert 4 debug "pop " << count << " elements from the stack having size " << stackSize_() if (d_stackIdx < static_cast(count)) { $insert 8 debug "Terminating parse(): state stack underflow at token " << symbol_(d_token) ABORT(); } d_stackIdx -= count; d_state = d_stateStack[d_stackIdx].first; d_vsp = &d_stateStack[d_stackIdx]; $insert 4 LTYPEpop $insert 4 debug "next: [" << state_() << ", " << symbol_(d_token) << ']' << stype_(". Semantic: ", vs_(0)) } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/clearin0000664000175000017500000000050314700504612017324 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@Base::clearin_() { d_nErrors_ = 0; d_stackIdx = -1; d_stateStack.clear(); $insert 4 LTYPEclear d_token = Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_; d_next = TokenPair{ Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_, STYPE_{} }; d_recovery = false; d_acceptedTokens_ = d_requiredTokens_; d_val_ = STYPE_{}; push_(0); } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/redotoken0000664000175000017500000000015014700504612017677 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@Base::redoToken_() { if (d_token != Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_) pushToken_(d_token); } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/base/lookup0000664000175000017500000000172014700504612017222 0ustar frankfrankint \@Base::lookup_() const { // if the final transition is negative, then we should reduce by the rule // given by its positive value. SR_ const *sr = s_state[d_state]; SR_ const *last = sr + sr->d_lastIdx; for ( ; ++sr != last; ) // visit all but the last SR entries { if (sr->d_token == d_token) return sr->d_action; } if (sr == last) // reached the last element { if (sr->d_action < 0) // default reduction { $insert 12 debug "\nLOOKUP: [" << state_() << ", " << symbol_(d_token) << "] -> default reduce using rule " << -sr->d_action return sr->d_action; } // No default reduction, so token not found, so error. throw UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_; } // not at the last element: inspect the nature of the action // (< 0: reduce, 0: ACCEPT, > 0: shift) int action = sr->d_action; $insert 0 debuglookup return action; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612015631 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/state0000664000175000017500000000007514700504612016676 0ustar frankfrankinline size_t \@Base::state_() const { return d_state; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/recovery0000664000175000017500000000010114700504612017402 0ustar frankfrankinline bool \@Base::recovery_() const { return d_recovery; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/vs0000664000175000017500000000012314700504612016200 0ustar frankfrankinline \@Base::STYPE_ &\@Base::vs_(int idx) { return (d_vsp + idx)->second; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/baseclass0000664000175000017500000000432514700504612017520 0ustar frankfrank namespace // anonymous { struct PI_; } $insert namespace-open $insert polymorphic class \@Base { public: enum DebugMode_ { OFF = 0, ON = 1 << 0, ACTIONCASES = 1 << 1 }; $insert tokens $insert LTYPE $insert STYPE private: // state semval using StatePair = std::pair; // token semval using TokenPair = std::pair; int d_stackIdx = -1; std::vector d_stateStack; StatePair *d_vsp = 0; // points to the topmost value stack size_t d_state = 0; TokenPair d_next; int d_token; bool d_terminalToken = false; bool d_recovery = false; $insert LTYPEstack protected: enum Return_ { PARSE_ACCEPT_ = 0, // values used as parse()'s return values PARSE_ABORT_ = 1 }; enum ErrorRecovery_ { UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_, }; bool d_actionCases_ = false; // set by options/directives bool d_debug_ = true; size_t d_requiredTokens_; size_t d_nErrors_; // initialized by clearin() size_t d_acceptedTokens_; STYPE_ d_val_; $insert LTYPEdata \@Base(); $insert debugdecl void ABORT() const; void ACCEPT() const; void ERROR() const; STYPE_ &vs_(int idx); // value stack element idx int lookup_() const; int savedToken_() const; int token_() const; size_t stackSize_() const; size_t state_() const; size_t top_() const; void clearin_(); void errorVerbose_(); void lex_(int token); void popToken_(); void pop_(size_t count = 1); void pushToken_(int token); void push_(size_t nextState); void redoToken_(); bool recovery_() const; void reduce_(int rule); void shift_(int state); void startRecovery_(); public: void setDebug(bool mode); void setDebug(DebugMode_ mode); }; bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/opbitand0000664000175000017500000000032314700504612017352 0ustar frankfrankinline \@Base::DebugMode_ operator&(\@Base::DebugMode_ lhs, \@Base::DebugMode_ rhs) { return static_cast<\@Base::DebugMode_>( static_cast(lhs) & rhs); } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/tail0000664000175000017500000000024714700504612016510 0ustar frankfrank// For convenience, when including ParserBase.h its symbols are available as // symbols in the class Parser, too. #define \@ \@Base $insert namespace-close #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/stacksize0000664000175000017500000000011014700504612017544 0ustar frankfrankinline size_t \@Base::stackSize_() const { return d_stackIdx + 1; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/accept0000664000175000017500000000016014700504612017010 0ustar frankfrankinline void \@Base::ACCEPT() const { $insert 4 debug "ACCEPT(): Parsing successful" throw PARSE_ACCEPT_; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/savedtoken0000664000175000017500000000010414700504612017712 0ustar frankfrankinline int \@Base::savedToken_() const { return d_next.first; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/error0000664000175000017500000000016514700504612016707 0ustar frankfrankinline void \@Base::ERROR() const { $insert 4 debug "ERROR(): Forced error condition" throw UNEXPECTED_TOKEN_; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/debug0000664000175000017500000000007314700504612016642 0ustar frankfrankinline bool \@Base::debug() const { return d_debug_; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/opbitor0000664000175000017500000000031014700504612017224 0ustar frankfrankinline \@Base::DebugMode_ operator|(\@Base::DebugMode_ lhs, \@Base::DebugMode_ rhs) { return static_cast<\@Base::DebugMode_>(static_cast(lhs) | rhs); }; bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/includes0000664000175000017500000000026114700504612017361 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef \@$Base_h_included #define \@$Base_h_included #include #include #include $insert polyincludes $insert preincludes $insert debugincludes bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/abort0000664000175000017500000000015614700504612016665 0ustar frankfrankinline void \@Base::ABORT() const { $insert 4 debug "ABORT(): Parsing unsuccessful" throw PARSE_ABORT_; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/hdr/token0000664000175000017500000000007214700504612016673 0ustar frankfrankinline int \@Base::token_() const { return d_token; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/derived/0000775000175000017500000000000014700504612016476 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/derived/executeaction0000664000175000017500000000066514700504612021270 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@::executeAction_(int production) try { if (token_() != Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_) pushToken_(token_()); // save an already available token $insert 4 debug "execute action " << production << " ..." $insert executeactioncases switch (production) { $insert 8 actioncases } $insert 4 debug "... completed" << stype_(", semantic: ", vs_(0)) } catch (std::exception const &exc) { exceptionHandler(exc); } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/derived/nexttoken0000664000175000017500000000162414700504612020443 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@::nextToken_() { // If d_token is Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_ then if savedToken_() is // Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_ another token is obtained from lex(). Then // savedToken_() is assigned to d_token. // no need for a token: got one already if (token_() != Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_) { $insert 8 debug "available token " << symbol_(token_()) return; } if (savedToken_() != Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_) { popToken_(); // consume pending token $insert 8 debug "retrieved token " << symbol_(token_()) << stype_(", semantic = ", d_val_) } else { ++d_acceptedTokens_; // accept another token (see // errorRecover()) lex_(lex()); print_(); $insert 8 debug "scanner token " << symbol_(token_()) } print(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/derived/parse0000664000175000017500000000244714700504612017542 0ustar frankfrankint \@::parse() try { // The parsing algorithm: // Initially, state 0 is pushed on the stack, and all relevant variables // are initialized by Base::clearin_. // // Then, in an eternal loop: // // 1. If a state is a REQ_TOKEN type, then the next token is obtained // from nextToken(). This may very well be the currently available // token. When retrieving a terminal token d_terminal is set to true. // // 2. lookup() is called, d_token is looked up in the current state's // SR_ array. // // 4. Depending on the result of the lookup() function the next state is // shifted on the parser's stack, a reduction by some rule is applied, // or the parsing function returns ACCEPT(). When a reduction is // called for, any action that may have been defined for that // reduction is executed. // // 5. An error occurs if d_token is not found, and the state has no // default reduction. $insert 4 debug "parse(): Parsing starts" clearin_(); // initialize, push(0) while (true) { $insert prompt nextCycle_(); } } catch (Return_ retValue) { $insert 4 debug "parse(): returns " << retValue << " or " << d_nErrors_ return retValue or d_nErrors_; } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/derived/tail0000664000175000017500000000003114700504612017344 0ustar frankfrank $insert namespace-close bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/derived/print0000664000175000017500000000004414700504612017553 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@::print_() { $insert print } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/derived/errorrecovery0000664000175000017500000000244314700504612021334 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@::errorRecovery_() { // When an error has occurred, pop elements off the stack until the top // state has an error-item. If none is found, the default recovery // mode (which is to abort) is activated. // // If EOF is encountered without being appropriate for the current state, // then the error recovery will fall back to the default recovery mode. // (i.e., parsing terminates) $insert 4 debug "\nERROR: [" << top_() << ", " << symbol_(token_()) << "] -> ??. Errors: " << (d_nErrors_ + 1) if (d_acceptedTokens_ >= d_requiredTokens_)// only generate an error- { // message if enough tokens ++d_nErrors_; // were accepted. Otherwise error(); // simply skip input $insert 8 errorverbose } // get the error state while (not (s_state[top_()][0].d_type & ERR_ITEM)) { $insert 8 debug "pop state: " << top_() << " (not an ERROR state)" pop_(); } $insert 4 debug "Reached ERROR state " << top_() // In the error state, looking up a token allows us to proceed. // Continuation may be require multiple reductions, but eventually a // terminal-token shift is used. See nextCycle_ for details. startRecovery_(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/skeletons.src/derived/nextcycle0000664000175000017500000000165714700504612020430 0ustar frankfrankvoid \@::nextCycle_() try { if (s_state[state_()]->d_type & REQ_TOKEN) nextToken_(); // obtain next token int action = lookup_(); // lookup d_token in d_state if (action > 0) // SHIFT: push a new state { shift_(action); return; } if (action < 0) // REDUCE: execute and pop. { $insert 8 debug "\nREDUCE: rule " << -action if (recovery_()) redoToken_(); else executeAction_(-action); // next token is the rule's LHS reduce_(-action); return; } if (recovery_()) ABORT(); else ACCEPT(); } catch (ErrorRecovery_) { if (not recovery_()) errorRecovery_(); else { if (token_() == Reserved_::EOF_) ABORT(); popToken_(); // skip the failing token } } bisonc++-6.09.01/spch0000664000175000017500000000153114771270727013156 0ustar frankfrank#include "scanner/scanner.ih" #include "srconflict/srconflict.ih" #include "writer/writer.ih" #include "statetype/statetype.ih" #include "stateitem/stateitem.ih" #include "rmshift/rmshift.ih" #include "generator/generator.ih" #include "next/next.ih" #include "rmreduction/rmreduction.ih" #include "options/options.ih" #include "rrdata/rrdata.ih" #include "atdollar/atdollar.ih" #include "parser/parser.ih" #include "grammar/grammar.ih" #include "item/item.ih" #include "block/block.ih" #include "production/production.ih" #include "main.ih" #include "rrconflict/rrconflict.ih" #include "element/element.ih" #include "state/state.ih" #include "firstset/firstset.ih" #include "symbol/symbol.ih" #include "symtab/symtab.ih" #include "rules/rules.ih" #include "terminal/terminal.ih" #include "nonterminal/nonterminal.ih" #include "lookaheadset/lookaheadset.ih" bisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012014430 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/insert.cc0000664000175000017500000000110414700504612016234 0ustar frankfrank#include "srconflict.ih" ostream &SRConflict::insert(ostream &out) const { RmReduction::ConstIter iter = d_rmReduction.begin(); RmReduction::ConstIter end = d_rmReduction.end(); while ((iter = find_if(iter, end, RmReduction::isForced)) != end) { out << "Solved SR CONFLICT on " << iter->symbol() << ":\n" "\tshift to state " << iter->next() << ", removed " << iter->symbol() << " from LA-set of rule " << d_itemVector[iter->idx()].nr() << ")\n"; ++iter; } return out; } bisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000007314700504612015645 0ustar frankfrank#include "srconflict.ih" size_t SRConflict::s_nConflicts; bisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/visitreduction.cc0000664000175000017500000000530314700504612020010 0ustar frankfrank#include "srconflict.ih" // Assume the itemVector of a state is as follows (StateItems): // 0: [P11 3] expression -> expression '-' expression . // { EOLN '+' '-' '*' '/' ')' } 0, 1, () -1 // 1: [P10 1] expression -> expression . '+' expression // { EOLN '+' '-' '*' '/' ')' } 0, 0, () 0 // 2: [P11 1] expression -> expression . '-' expression // { EOLN '+' '-' '*' '/' ')' } 0, 0, () 1 // 3: [P12 1] expression -> expression . '*' expression // { EOLN '+' '-' '*' '/' ')' } 0, 0, () 2 // 4: [P13 1] expression -> expression . '/' expression // { EOLN '+' '-' '*' '/' ')' } 0, 0, () 3 // // and the associated nextVector is: // // 0: On '+' to state 15 with (1 ) // 1: On '-' to state 16 with (2 ) // 2: On '*' to state 17 with (3 ) // 3: On '/' to state 18 with (4 ) // // // Conflicts are inspected for all reducible elements, so for index element 0 // in the above example, as follows: // // 1. The nextVector's symbols are searched in the LA set of the reduction // item (so, subsequently '+', '-', '*' and '/' are searched in the LA // set of itemVector[0]. // 2. In this case, all are found and depending on the token's priority // and the rule's priority either a shift or a reduce is selected. // // Production rules received their priority setting either explicitly (using // %prec) or from their first terminal token. See also // rules/updateprecedences.cc // // What happens if neither occurs? In a rule like 'expr: term' there is no // first terminal token and there is no %prec being used. // In these cases the rule automatically receives the highest precedence and // a shift/reduce conflict is reported (as pointed out by Ramanand // Mandayam). // idx is the index of a reducible item. That item can be reached as // d_itemVector[idx] void SRConflict::visitReduction(size_t reducibleIdx) { auto nextIter = d_nextVector.begin(); auto reducibleLAset = d_itemVector[reducibleIdx].lookaheadSet(); while (true) { nextIter = // check whether a nextVector symbol find_if( // is in the reduction item's LA set. nextIter, d_nextVector.end(), // if so, there is a S/R [&](Next const &next) // conflict, solved below { return next.inLAset(reducibleLAset); } ); if (nextIter == d_nextVector.end()) return; processShiftReduceConflict(nextIter, reducibleIdx); ++nextIter; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/srconflict.h0000664000175000017500000000510514700504612016745 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_SRCONFLICT_ #define _INCLUDED_SRCONFLICT_ #include #include #include "../rmreduction/rmreduction.h" #include "../next/next.h" class Rules; class SRConflict { friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, SRConflict const &conflict); Next::Vector const &d_nextVector; // the Next objects describing // states to transit to StateItem::Vector const &d_itemVector; // the items which have S/R // conflicts with the // reducible items std::vector const &d_reducible; // the indices of the // reducible rules RmReduction::Vector d_rmReduction; // Vector of reducible rules // to remove for this conflict RmShift::Vector d_rmShift; // vector of indices of items // having shift conflicts that // are removed size_t d_lastItemIdx; // used in handlesrconflict.cc size_t d_lastNext; static size_t s_nConflicts; // the number of S/R conflicts // that could not be solved by // preference/association // decisions. public: SRConflict(Next::Vector const &next, StateItem::Vector const &stateItem, std::vector const &reducible); void inspect(); // returns # of shifts that were removed size_t removeShifts(Next::Vector &nextVector); void removeReductions(StateItem::Vector &itemVector); static size_t nConflicts(); void showConflicts(Rules const &rules) const; private: std::ostream &insert(std::ostream &out) const; void processShiftReduceConflict(Next::ConstIter const &next, size_t itemIdx); void handleSRconflict(Next::ConstIter const &next, size_t reducibleItemIdx); void visitReduction(size_t idx); }; inline size_t SRConflict::nConflicts() { return s_nConflicts; } inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, SRConflict const &conflict) { return conflict.insert(out); } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/handlesrconflict.cc0000664000175000017500000000405514700504612020262 0ustar frankfrank#include "srconflict.ih" // called fm processshiftreduceconflict.cc // A conflict was observed as item 'reducibleItemIdx' and // 'shiftableItemIdx' have identical LA symbols // void SRConflict::handleSRconflict(Next::ConstIter const &next, size_t reducibleItemIdx) { using Solution = Enum::Solution; StateItem::Vector const &itemVector = d_itemVector; Symbol const *precedence = itemVector[reducibleItemIdx].precedence(); bool forced = false; Solution solution; // the reducible item does not if (precedence == 0) // have an explicit precedence { // solution = Solution::REDUCE; // force a reduction solution = Solution::SHIFT; // force a shift forced = true; ++s_nConflicts; // and a conflict } else // otherwise try to solve by { // precedence or association solution = next->solveByPrecedence(precedence); if (solution == Solution::UNDECIDED) solution = next->solveByAssociation(); } switch (solution) // perform SHIFT or REDUCE { case Solution::REDUCE: d_rmShift.push_back( RmShift( next - d_nextVector.begin(), forced) ); return; case Solution::UNDECIDED: forced = true; ++s_nConflicts; break; default: // case SHIFT: break; } if (d_lastItemIdx == reducibleItemIdx and d_lastNext == next->next()) { if (forced) --s_nConflicts; return; } d_lastItemIdx = reducibleItemIdx; d_lastNext = next->next(); d_rmReduction.push_back( RmReduction{ reducibleItemIdx, next->next(), next->symbol(), forced } ); } bisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/showconflicts.cc0000664000175000017500000000154314700504612017624 0ustar frankfrank#include "srconflict.ih" void SRConflict::showConflicts(Rules const &rules) const { RmReduction::ConstIter iter = d_rmReduction.begin(); RmReduction::ConstIter end = d_rmReduction.end(); unordered_map> conflict; while ((iter = find_if(iter, end, RmReduction::isForced)) != end) { conflict[d_itemVector[iter->idx()].nr()].push_back(iter->symbol()); ++iter; } if (conflict.empty()) return; for (auto &rule: conflict) { auto prodPtr = rules.productions()[rule.first - 1]; wmsg << " rule " << rule.first << " (" << prodPtr->fileName() << ", line " << prodPtr->lineNr() << "): shifts at "; for (Symbol const *symbol: rule.second) wmsg << symbol << ", "; } wmsg << '\n'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/removeshifts.cc0000664000175000017500000000034714700504612017456 0ustar frankfrank#include "srconflict.ih" size_t SRConflict::removeShifts(Next::Vector &nextVector) { size_t nRemoved = 0; for (auto &rmShift: d_rmShift) Next::removeShift(rmShift, nextVector, &nRemoved); return nRemoved; } bisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/srconflict1.cc0000664000175000017500000000061414700504612017164 0ustar frankfrank#include "srconflict.ih" SRConflict::SRConflict(Next::Vector const &nextVector, StateItem::Vector const &itemVector, std::vector const &reducible) : d_nextVector(nextVector), d_itemVector(itemVector), d_reducible(reducible), d_lastItemIdx(numeric_limits::max()), d_lastNext(numeric_limits::max()) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/srconflict.ih0000664000175000017500000000034714700504612017121 0ustar frankfrank#include "srconflict.h" #include #include #include #include "../enumsolution/enumsolution.h" #include "../rules/rules.h" #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/removereductions.cc0000664000175000017500000000026514700504612020334 0ustar frankfrank#include "srconflict.ih" void SRConflict::removeReductions(StateItem::Vector &itemVector) { for (auto &rm: d_rmReduction) StateItem::removeReduction(rm, itemVector); } bisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/frame0000664000175000017500000000005314700504612015440 0ustar frankfrank#include "srconflict.ih" SRConflict:: { } bisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/processshiftreduceconflict.cc0000664000175000017500000000110114700504612022353 0ustar frankfrank#include "srconflict.ih" // called by visitreduction.cc // // Next::ConstIter const &next: // the element in an item's next-set that has a LA symbol that is also // found in the LA set of a reducible item // // size_t reducibleItemIdx: the index of the reducible item. void SRConflict::processShiftReduceConflict(Next::ConstIter const &next, size_t reducibleItemIdx) { for ([[maybe_unused]] auto shiftableItemIdx: next->kernel()) handleSRconflict(next, reducibleItemIdx); } bisonc++-6.09.01/srconflict/inspect.cc0000664000175000017500000000053514700504612016404 0ustar frankfrank#include "srconflict.ih" // Each reducible item index is passed to visitReduction() which handles an // observed S/R conflict. See README.states-and-conflicts for a description of // the conflict resolution process. // called fm: State::checkConflicts void SRConflict::inspect() { for (auto idx: d_reducible) visitReduction(idx); } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012013402 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/state/state.h0000664000175000017500000001351314700504612014673 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_STATE_H_ #define _INCLUDED_STATE_H_ #include #include #include #include "../statetype/statetype.h" #include "../next/next.h" #include "../srconflict/srconflict.h" #include "../rrconflict/rrconflict.h" class Item; class Production; class StateItem; class Rules; class State { using Vector = std::vector; public: using ConstIter = Vector::const_iterator; private: friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, State const *state); StateItem::Vector d_itemVector; size_t d_nKernelItems; std::vector d_reducible; // d_itemVector offsets containing // reducible items size_t d_nTransitions; // elements in d_nextVector minus // removed elements because of // conflicts size_t d_nReductions; // elements in d_reducible minus // reductions having empty LA-sets size_t d_defaultReducible; // the d_reducible index of // the reduction to use as default // (or npos) size_t d_maxLAsize; // the default reduction becomes // the one having the largest // LAset size size_t d_summedLAsize; // sum of all lookaheadsets of all // non-default reductions. Next::Vector d_nextVector; // Vector of Next elements // describing where to transit to // next. size_t d_idx; // index of this state in the // vector of States size_t d_nTerminalTransitions; SRConflict d_srConflict; RRConflict d_rrConflict; StateType d_stateType; static Vector s_state; static State *s_acceptState; static std::ostream &(State::*s_insert)(std::ostream &out) const; public: bool isAcceptState() const; bool nextContains(Next::ConstIter *iter, Symbol const *symbol) const; size_t idx() const; size_t nextOn(Symbol const *token) const; // All reduction members operate with indices in d_reducible, // so *not* with d_stateItem indices size_t defaultReduction() const; // def. reduction idx or npos StateItem const *reduction(size_t idx) const; // 0 or reduction item size_t reductions() const; // number of reductions size_t reductionsLAsize() const; // summed LA set sizes of all // non-default reductions Symbol const *nextTerminal(size_t *idx) const; // Next terminal at // d_next[*idx], 0 if none size_t terminalTransitions() const; size_t transitions() const; Next::Vector const &next() const; static size_t nStates(); static void allStates(); // defines all grammar-states and // lookahead sets static void define(Rules const &rules); static ConstIter begin(); // iterator to the first State * static ConstIter end(); // and beyond the last int type() const; // StateType accessor private: State(size_t idx); void addDependents(Symbol const *symbol, size_t itemIdx); // from notreducible from setitems: determine all // dependent state items and X-link d_itemVector // and d_nextVector void addKernelItem(StateItem const &stateItem); void addNext(Symbol const *symbol, size_t idx); // from notreducible from setitems: // add a new Next element to d_nextVector void addState(Item::Vector const &kernel); void construct(); // construct a state, and by recursion all other // states as well size_t findKernel(Item::Vector const &kernel) const; void notReducible(size_t idx); // handle items in setItems() that aren't // reducible void setItems(); // fill d_itemVector with this state's items // add the productions of `symbol' to d_itemVector, // make them depend on d_itemVector[idx] void addProductions(Symbol const *symbol); Next::ConstIter nextFind(Symbol const *symbol) const; std::ostream &insertStd(std::ostream &out) const; std::ostream &insertExt(std::ostream &out) const; std::ostream &skipInsertion(std::ostream &out) const; static void initialState(); static State &newState(); void nextState(Next &next); bool hasKernel(Item::Vector const &kernel) const; void checkConflicts(); void summarizeActions(); void showSRConflicts(Rules const &rules) const; void showRRConflicts(Rules const &rules) const; static void determineLAsets(); void computeLAsets(); void distributeLAsetOf(StateItem &item); void inspectTransitions(std::set &todo); }; #include "state.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/state/summarizeactions.cc0000664000175000017500000000152514700504612017306 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" void State::summarizeActions() { if ((d_nReductions = d_reducible.size()) != 0) { for (size_t idx = 0; idx != d_nReductions; ++idx) { StateItem const &stateItem = d_itemVector[idx]; size_t laSize = stateItem.lookaheadSetSize(); if (laSize < d_maxLAsize) // add small LA sets to d_summedLAsize += laSize; // summedLAsize else // default LA set becomes the { // largest and doesn't count d_summedLAsize += d_maxLAsize; // for summedLAsize, since d_maxLAsize = laSize; // all its elements collapse d_defaultReducible = idx; // into one element. } } } } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/addkernelitem.cc0000664000175000017500000000021414700504612016513 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" void State::addKernelItem(StateItem const &stateItem) { d_itemVector.push_back(stateItem); ++d_nKernelItems; } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/findkernel.cc0000664000175000017500000000074014700504612016030 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" // return the index of a state having all items listed in `searchKernel'. If // no such state is found, return s_state's size. size_t State::findKernel(Item::Vector const &searchKernel) const { return find_if ( s_state.begin(), s_state.end(), [&](State const *state) { return state->hasKernel(searchKernel); } ) - s_state.begin(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000021414700504612014614 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" vector State::s_state; State *State::s_acceptState; ostream &(State::*State::s_insert)(ostream &out) const; bisonc++-6.09.01/state/state.ih0000664000175000017500000000132614700504612015043 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "../rules/rules.h" #include "../nonterminal/nonterminal.h" #include "../production/production.h" #include "../item/item.h" #include "../lookaheadset/lookaheadset.h" #include "../stateitem/stateitem.h" inline void State::addDependents(Symbol const *symbol, size_t idx) { d_itemVector[idx].setNext(Next::addToKernel(d_nextVector, symbol, idx)); } inline std::ostream &State::skipInsertion(std::ostream &out) const { return out; } #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/state/newstate.cc0000664000175000017500000000021314700504612015534 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" State &State::newState() { State *ret = new State(s_state.size()); s_state.push_back(ret); return *ret; } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/haskernel.cc0000664000175000017500000000121714700504612015663 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" // return true if `state' contains all items stored in `searchKernel' bool State::hasKernel(Item::Vector const &searchKernel) const { return d_nKernelItems == searchKernel.size() && searchKernel.size() == static_cast( count_if ( searchKernel.begin(), searchKernel.end(), [&](Item const &searchItem) { return StateItem::containsKernelItem(searchItem, d_nKernelItems, d_itemVector); } ) ); } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/nexton.cc0000664000175000017500000000027514700504612015225 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" size_t State::nextOn(Symbol const *symbol) const { Next::ConstIter iter = nextFind(symbol); return iter == d_nextVector.end() ? string::npos : iter->next(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/inspecttransitions.cc0000664000175000017500000000356014700504612017655 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" // All Next objects in the state's d_nextVector are inspected. The Next // objects hold // - the state index of a state to transfer to from the current state // - a size_t vector of item transitions. Each element is the index of an // item in the current state (the source-item), its index is the index of a // (kernel) item of the state to transfer to (the destination index). // If the LA set of the destination item is enlarged using the LA set of the // source item then then the LA sets of the destination state's items must be // recomputed. This is realized by inserting the destation state's index into // the `todo' set. void State::inspectTransitions(set &todo) { for (Next const &next: d_nextVector) { size_t nextStateIdx = next.next(); if (nextStateIdx == string::npos) // no transitions: try the continue; // next Next object // state to transfer to State &nextState = *s_state[nextStateIdx]; // visit all source-destination for ( // item pairs size_t nextIdx = 0, end = next.kernel().size(); nextIdx != end; ++nextIdx ) // if the dest. item's LA set is { // enlarged, recompute the LA sets if ( // of the dest. state's items. nextState.d_itemVector[nextIdx].enlargeLA( d_itemVector[next.kernel()[nextIdx]].lookaheadSet() ) ) todo.insert(nextStateIdx); // kernel items were enlarged then // recompute its LA sets } } } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/insertext.cc0000664000175000017500000000174114700504612015736 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" ostream &State::insertExt(ostream &out) const { out << "State " << d_idx << ":\n"; // set the ways the insertions must be done Terminal::inserter(&Terminal::plainName); NonTerminal::inserter(&NonTerminal::nameAndFirstset); Item::inserter(&Item::pNrDotItem); StateItem::inserter(&StateItem::itemContext); Next::inserter(&Next::transitionKernel); // display the items for (size_t idx = 0; idx != d_itemVector.size(); ++idx) out << idx << ": " << d_itemVector[idx] << '\n'; // Next elements for (size_t idx = 0; idx != d_nextVector.size(); ++idx) out << " " << idx << d_nextVector[idx] << '\n'; if (d_reducible.size()) { out << " Reduce item(s): "; copy(d_reducible.begin(), d_reducible.end(), ostream_iterator(out, " ")); out << '\n'; } return out << d_srConflict << d_rrConflict << '\n'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/addnext.cc0000664000175000017500000000073614700504612015343 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" void State::addNext(Symbol const *symbol, size_t idx) { d_itemVector[idx].setNext(d_nextVector.size()); // then add symbol to d_nextVector d_nextVector.push_back(Next(symbol, idx)); // add all production rules of `symbol' to // d_itemVector. if (symbol->isNonTerminal()) // set dependent elements addProductions(symbol); else ++d_nTerminalTransitions; } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/nextstate.cc0000664000175000017500000000120414700504612015722 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" void State::nextState(Next &next) { if (next.next() != string::npos) // state is already defined return; // if next indicates so. Item::Vector kernel; // build a new kernel next.buildKernel(&kernel, d_itemVector); size_t idx = findKernel(kernel); // return the next State's idx next.setNext(idx); // set the next state to go to from // here on Next's symbol if (idx == s_state.size()) addState(kernel); // create and add a new state } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/nextfindfrom.cc0000664000175000017500000000055614700504612016417 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" Next::ConstIter State::nextFind(Symbol const *symbol) const { return find_if( d_nextVector.begin(), d_nextVector.end(), [=](Next const &next) { return next.hasSymbol(symbol); } ); // FnWrap::unary(Next::hasSymbol, symbol)); } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/insertstd.cc0000664000175000017500000000100514700504612015721 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" ostream &State::insertStd(ostream &out) const { out << "State " << d_idx << ":\n"; for (size_t idx = 0; idx != d_nKernelItems; ++idx) out << d_itemVector[idx] << '\n'; for (size_t idx = 0; idx != d_nextVector.size(); ++idx) out << " " << idx << d_nextVector[idx] << '\n'; for (size_t idx = 0; idx != d_reducible.size(); ++idx) out << " Reduce by " << d_itemVector[d_reducible[idx]] << '\n'; return out << d_srConflict << d_rrConflict << '\n'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/distributelasetof.cc0000664000175000017500000000514214700504612017444 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" // The LA set of an item tt(`idx') is distributed over the items representing // production rules of the non-terminal to the right of item idx's dot // position, using the following algorithm: // distributeLAsetOfItem(idx): // the item's production rule specification is matched with the // specification a.Bc, where a and c are (possibly empty) sequences of // grammatical symbols, and B is a (possibly empty) non-terminal // symbol appearing immediately to the right of the item's dot // position. // // if B is empty return // // compute the set b = FIRST(c). // // If b contains e (i.e., the element representing the empty set), // then add the item's current LA set to b. // // for each item `itm' containing a production rule for B // { // if b has unique elements compared to item itm's LA set // { // add the unique elements of b to item itm's LA set // distributeLAsetOfItem(itm). // } // } void State::distributeLAsetOf(StateItem &stateItem) { Item const &item = stateItem.item(); Symbol const *beyondDot = item.beyondDotIsNonTerminal(); if (not beyondDot) // no additional rules if the item return; // byond the dot is not a // non-terminal symbol LookaheadSet candidate; // the candidate LA set for items // representing rules of symbol // beyondDot // FIRST(c) of rule a.Bc // if true, FIRST(c) contained // epsilon and so also receives // current LA-set if (item.firstBeyondDot(&candidate.firstSet())) candidate += stateItem.lookaheadSet(); for (StateItem &stItem: d_itemVector) // inspect all STATEitems of this { // state if ( stItem.lhs() == beyondDot // if item is a productionrule of && // B (= beyondDot) stItem.enlargeLA(candidate) // and unique elements of ) // candidate could be added distributeLAsetOf(stItem); // then distribute the updated LA } // set of that state-item. } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/state.f0000664000175000017500000000313214700504612014665 0ustar frankfrankinline int State::type() const { return d_stateType.type(); } inline size_t State::idx() const { return d_idx; } inline size_t State::nStates() { return s_state.size(); } inline size_t State::terminalTransitions() const { return d_nTerminalTransitions; } inline size_t State::transitions() const { return d_nTransitions; } inline StateItem const *State::reduction(size_t idx) const { return idx >= d_reducible.size() ? 0 : &d_itemVector[d_reducible[idx]]; } inline size_t State::defaultReduction() const { return d_defaultReducible; } inline size_t State::reductions() const { return d_nReductions; } inline size_t State::reductionsLAsize() const { return d_summedLAsize; } inline State::ConstIter State::begin() { return s_state.begin(); } inline State::ConstIter State::end() { return s_state.end(); } inline Next::Vector const &State::next() const { return d_nextVector; } inline bool State::isAcceptState() const { return this == s_acceptState; } inline bool State::nextContains(Next::ConstIter *iter, Symbol const *symbol) const { return (*iter = nextFind(symbol)) != d_nextVector.end(); } inline void State::showSRConflicts(Rules const &rules) const { d_srConflict.showConflicts(rules); } inline void State::showRRConflicts(Rules const &rules) const { d_rrConflict.showConflicts(rules); } inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, State const *state) { return (state->*State::s_insert)(out); // One of: insertStd, insertExt or skipInsertion. } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/determinelasets.cc0000664000175000017500000001000314700504612017070 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" // The LA sets of the items of a state (state tt(idx)) are computed by first // computing the LA sets of its items, followed by propagating the LA sets of // items to the states for which state transitions have been defined. // // 1. A set (todo) contains the indices of the states whose LA sets must be // (re)computed. Initially it contains 0 // // 2. First the LA sets of the state's items are computed, starting from the // LA sets of its kernel items. The LA set of each kernel item is // distributed (by distributeLAsetOf) over the items which are implied by // the item being considered. E.g., for item X: a . Y z, where a and z // are any sequence of grammar symbols and X and Y are non-terminal // symbols all of Y's production rules are added as new items to the // current state. // // 3. The member distributeLAsetOfItem(idx) matches the item's rule // specification with the specification a.Bc, where a and c are (possibly // empty) sequences of grammatical symbols, and B is a (possibly empty) // non-terminal symbol appearing immediately to the right of the item's // dot position. if B is empty then there are no additional production // rules and distributeLAsetOf may return. Otherwise, the set b = // FIRST(c) is computed. This set holds all symbols which may follow // B. If b contains e (i.e., the element representing the empty set), // then the currently defined LA set of the item can also be observed. In // that case e is removed, and the currently defined LA set is added to // b. Finally, the LA sets of all items representing a production rule // for B are inspected: if b contains unique elements compared to the LA // sets of these items, then the unique elements of b are added to those // item's LA sets and distributeLAsetOfItem() is recursively called for // those items whose LA sets have been enlarged. // // 4. Once the LA sets of the items of a state have been computed, // inspectTransitions() is called to propagate the LA sets of items from // where transitions to other states are possible to the affected items // of those other (destination) states. The member inspectTransitions() // inspects all Next objects of the current state's d_nextVector. Next // objects hold // - the state index of a state to transfer to from the current state // - a size_t vector of item transitions. Each element is the index of an // item in the current state (the source-item), its index is the index // of a (kernel) item of the state to transfer to (the destination // index). // If the LA set of the destination item is enlarged from the LA set of // the source item then the LA sets of the destination state's items // must be recomputed. This is realized by inserting the destation // state's index into the `todo' set. // // 5. Once the `todo' set is empty all LA sets of all items have been // computed. namespace { size_t zero; } void State::determineLAsets() { set todo(&zero, &zero + 1); // initialize to the first State idx. while (not todo.empty()) { auto iter = todo.begin(); State &state = *s_state[*iter]; // determine LA sets of the items of // this state. todo.erase(iter); state.computeLAsets(); // compute the LA sets of `state's // items state.inspectTransitions(todo); // possibly update the LA sets of // kernel items of states to which a // transition is possible from // `state'. If so, the indices of // those target states are inserted // into `todo', causing the LA sets of // their items to be recomputed. } } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/define.cc0000664000175000017500000001631214700504612015143 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" // Defining states proceeds like this: // // 0. The initial state is constructed. It contains the augmented grammar's // production rule. This part is realized by the static member // // initialState(); // // The LA set of the kernel item of state 0 (the item representing the // augmented grammar's production rule `S_$: . S') is by definition equal // to $, representing EOF. This LA set is also initialized by // initialState(). // // 1. Starting from the state's kernel item(s) all implied rules are added as // additional (non-kernel) state items. This results in a vector of // (kernel/non-kernel) items, as well as per item the numbers of the items // that are affected by this item. This information is used later to // compute the LA sets of the items. A set's items are determined from its // kernel items by the member // // setItems() // // This member fills the StateItem::Vector vector. A StateItem contains // // 1. an item (production rule, dot position, LA set) // 2. a size_t vector of `dependent' items, indicating which items // have LA sets that depend on the current item. // 3. The size_t field `d_nextIdx' holds the index in d_nextVector, // allowing quick access of the d_nextVector element defining the // state having the current item as its kernel. a next of npos // indicates that the item does not belong to a next-kernel. // // E.g., // // StateItem: // ------------------------------------- // item LA-set dependent next // stateitems state // ------------------------------------- // S* -> . S, EOF, (1, 2) 0 // ... // ------------------------------------- // // Also, the d_nextVector vector is filled. // // A Next element contains // // 0. The symbol on which the transition takes place // 1. The number of the next state // 2. A StateItem::Vector object (size_t values) holding indices of // items in the current state. The elements's indices are the indices of // (kernel) items of the state to transfer to (the destination index). // E.g., // // Next: // ------------------------------- // On next next kernel // Symbol state from items // ------------------------------- // S ? (0, 1) // ... // ------------------------------- // // Empty production rules don't require special handling as they won't // appear in the Next table, since there's no transition on them. // // From these facilities all states are now constructed. LA sets are // computed following the state construction by the member // determineLAsets. // // 2. Then, from the Next::Vector constructed at (1) new states // are constructed. This is realized by the member // // nextState() // // which is called for each of the elements of d_nextVector. States are // only constructed once. // // 3. New states receive their kernel items from the item(s) of the current // state from where a transition is possible. A new state is constructed // by addState, receiving the just constructed set of kernel items from // nextState. // // 4. All states are eventually constructed by the loop, shown below, which // ends once the idx loop control variable has reached s_state.size(). // // 5. Once all states have been constructed, the LA sets of the items of all // states are computed by determineLAsets(). See determinelasets.cc for a // discription of the implemented algorithm. // // 6. Once all states have been constructed and LA sets have been determined, // conflicts may be located and solved. If the state contains any conflict, // they are resolved and information about these conflicts is stored in an // SRConflict::Vector and/or RRConflict::Vector. Conflicts are identified // and resolved by the member (static)checkConflicts(); See // README.states-and-conflicts for a description of the actions taken by // checkConflicts(). void State::define(Rules const &rules) { Arg &arg = Arg::instance(); s_insert = arg.option(0, "construction") ? &State::insertExt : arg.option('V') ? &State::insertStd : &State::skipInsertion; initialState(); // construct the initial state // containing the augmented grammar's // StateItem size_t idx = 0; do s_state[idx]->construct(); // define all states (starting at state 0) while (++idx != s_state.size()); // State 0's initial LA set is already set in initialSate. s_state[0]->determineLAsets(); // Set the accept-state: // // The accept state is found as the state to transit to on the symbol // of the first item of the first (0-th) state. // E.g., from S* -> . S it is the state to go to on S. // It is found from state[0]'s itemVector's zeroth element. Its next() // member returns the index in state[0]'s nextVector holding the // transition information of (e.g.) symbol S. So, that nextVector's // element's member next() tells us the accept state index. s_acceptState = s_state[ s_state[0]->d_nextVector[ s_state[0]->d_itemVector[0].next() // Next from 1st item ].next() // next state from there ]; // state pointer itself // The rule start_$ -> start . is a spurious reduction. In fact no // such reduction may occur, since at that point EOF is obtained and // parsing should stop. Therefore, this reduction is removed. s_acceptState->d_reducible.erase(s_acceptState->d_reducible.begin()); // REQ_TOKEN is the state's type because it terminates at EOF, and // the EOF transition isn't interpreted as a terminal transition. // Other (terminal) transitions are possible too, so in this case // a token is required anyway. Alternatively, keep NORMAL, and when // reaching this state and its type is NORMAL: ACCEPT. Pondering... s_acceptState->d_stateType.setType(StateType::REQ_TOKEN); for (auto state: s_state) state->checkConflicts(); if ( SRConflict::nConflicts() + RRConflict::nConflicts() != Rules::expectedConflicts() ) { if (SRConflict::nConflicts()) { wmsg << SRConflict::nConflicts() << " Shift/Reduce conflict(s)\n"; for (auto state: s_state) state->showSRConflicts(rules); // inserts into wmsg wmsg << flush; } if (RRConflict::nConflicts()) { wmsg << RRConflict::nConflicts() << " Reduce/Reduce conflict(s)" << '\n'; for (auto state: s_state) state->showRRConflicts(rules); // inserts into wmsg wmsg << flush; } } for (auto state: s_state) state->summarizeActions(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/state1.cc0000664000175000017500000000060214700504612015105 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" State::State(size_t idx) : d_nKernelItems(0), d_nTransitions(0), d_nReductions(0), d_defaultReducible(string::npos), d_maxLAsize(0), d_summedLAsize(0), d_idx(idx), d_nTerminalTransitions(0), d_srConflict(d_nextVector, d_itemVector, d_reducible), d_rrConflict(d_itemVector, d_reducible), d_stateType(StateType::NORMAL) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/state/allstates.cc0000664000175000017500000000335614700504612015711 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" void State::allStates() { if (!imsg.isActive()) return; imsg << "\n" "Grammar States: " << endl; if (s_insert == &State::insertExt) imsg << "\n" "For each state information like the following is shown for its items:\n" " 0: [P1 1] S -> C . C { } 0\n" "which should be read as follows:\n" " 0: The item's index\n" " [P1 1]: The rule (production) number and current dot-position\n" " S -> C . C: The item (lhs -> Recognized-symbols . " "symbols-to-recognize)\n" " { } The item's lookahead (LA) set\n" " 0 The next-element (shown below the items) describing the\n" " action associated with this item (-1 for reducible " "items)\n" "\n" "The Next tables show entries like:\n" " 0: On C to state 5 with (0 )\n" "meaning:\n" " 0: The Next table's index\n" " On C to state 5: When C was recognized, continue at state 5\n" " with (0 ) The item(s) whose dot is shifted at the next state\n" "Indices (like 0:) may be annotated as follows:\n" " 0 (AUTO REMOVED by S/R resolution): On C ...\n" " in which case a reduction using a production with unspecified\n" " precedence took priority;\n" "or:\n" " 0 (removed by precedence): On C ...\n" " in which case a production rule's precedence took priority\n" "Also, reduction item(s) may be listed\n"; imsg << '\n'; copy(s_state.begin(), s_state.end(), ostream_iterator(imsg, "\n")); imsg << endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/construct.cc0000664000175000017500000000046014700504612015732 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" // the kernel item of the first state has already been set bij initialState(). // setItems adds the items implied by the kernel item(s), and transitions to // the next states. void State::construct() { setItems(); for (auto &next: d_nextVector) nextState(next); } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/computelasets.cc0000664000175000017500000000070114700504612016574 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" // compute the LA sets of the items of a state. // starting from the state's kernel items distribute their LA sets over the // remaining items. See documentation/manual/algorithm/determine.yo void State::computeLAsets() { for ( auto kernelItem = &d_itemVector[0], end = kernelItem + d_nKernelItems; kernelItem != end; ++kernelItem ) distributeLAsetOf(*kernelItem); } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/checkconflicts.cc0000664000175000017500000000252714700504612016676 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" // If there are reducible items, SR or RR conflicts may be observed. // To check for SR conflicts, each reducible item index together with the // context (consisting of the state's d_itemVector vector and d_nextVector // vector) is passed to Next's checkShiftReduceConflict member which solves // the observed shift-reduce conflicts. // called by: State::define() void State::checkConflicts() { d_nTransitions = d_nextVector.size(); if (d_reducible.empty()) // no reductions, no conflicts return; d_srConflict.inspect(); // detect SR conflicts // Number of viable transitions: // reduced by the number of removed // shifts // size_t nremoved = d_srConflict.removeShifts(d_nextVector); // cerr << d_nTransitions << ' ' << nremoved << endl; // d_nTransitions -= nremoved; //d_srConflict.removeShifts(d_nextVector); d_nTransitions -= d_srConflict.removeShifts(d_nextVector); d_srConflict.removeReductions(d_itemVector); d_rrConflict.inspect(); // detect RR conflicts d_rrConflict.removeConflicts(d_itemVector); if (d_reducible.size() > 1) // more than 1 reduction d_stateType.setType(StateType::REQ_TOKEN); } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/initialstate.cc0000664000175000017500000000063014700504612016377 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" void State::initialState() { // construct the initial state. Start with S' -> . S // The start rule is obtained from Production::start() State &state = newState(); // Add the start production to the StateItem::Vector state.addKernelItem(StateItem(Item(Production::start()))); state.d_itemVector[0].setLA(LookaheadSet(LookaheadSet::e_withEOF)); } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/addproductions.cc0000664000175000017500000000145314700504612016733 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" // d_nextVector.back() is the entry containing the symbol whose production // rules are added to d_itemVector. // idx is the current index in d_itemVector // // All productions of `symbol' are determined, and each is handled by // addProduction which will add the production to d_itemVector, adding its // index to stateItem[idx] dependent-list // // d_nextVector.back()'s kernel adds idx (as the item at d_itemVector[idx]) to // its kernel-list. void State::addProductions(Symbol const *symbol) { // obtain all productions of `symbol' Production::Vector const &productions = NonTerminal::downcast(symbol)->productions(); for (auto production: productions) StateItem::addProduction(production, d_itemVector); } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/nextterminal.cc0000664000175000017500000000053114700504612016417 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" Symbol const *State::nextTerminal(size_t *idxPtr) const { size_t idx = *idxPtr; while (idx < d_nextVector.size()) { Symbol const *ret = d_nextVector[idx].symbol(); if (ret->isTerminal()) { *idxPtr = idx; return ret; } ++idx; } return 0; } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/notreducible.cc0000664000175000017500000000104414700504612016364 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" void State::notReducible(size_t idx) // idx: item index in d_itemVector { Symbol const *symbol = d_itemVector[idx].symbolAtDot(); symbol->used(); // For the showused bookkeeping if (symbol == Rules::errorTerminal()) d_stateType.setType(StateType::ERR_ITEM); Next::ConstIter next; if (nextContains(&next, symbol)) // the symbol is in d_nextVector addDependents(symbol, idx); else // symbol not yet in d_nextVector addNext(symbol, idx); } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/addstate.cc0000664000175000017500000000027214700504612015500 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" void State::addState(Item::Vector const &kernel) { State &state = newState(); for (auto &item: kernel) state.addKernelItem(StateItem(item)); } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/setitems.cc0000664000175000017500000000520614700504612015546 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" // Walk over all state items. See the tables below for an explanation // // Production rules of N-symbols following the dot-position (e.g., S, L, R) // are added to d_itemVector. // // Each of these N symbols will be added to the state's d_nextVector (unless // it's already there). // // If the symbol N is already in d_nextVector (addDependent()): // 1. the index of the item containing N (e.g., 0 for S, 1 for L) is // added to d_nextVector // 2 the index of the N symbol in d_nextVector (e.g., 0 for S) is stored // in the itemVector's element containing the production rule of the N // symbol (for S: offset in d_next in d_itemVector[0] is 0). // 3. the indices of all stateitems starting at N are stored in d_child: // these items depend on the item having N at dot (e.g., for S: 1, 2) // // If the symbol is a new symbol (addNext()): // 1. The N symbol's d_itemVector element's d_next offset is given the // size of d_nextVector (e.g., for S: 0, since there's no d_next // yet. In general: d_nextVector's size is the index of the next // element to be added to d_nextVector. // 2. a new element is added to d_nextVector, containing the symbol, the // items's stateType, and the item's index in d_itemVector (e.g., for // S: Next(S, 0, type) // // Terminal symbols will simply be added to d_nextVector, together with their // d_itemVector offsets (as they don't have production rules) // // StateItems (in d_itemVector): // ------------------------------------------------------------ // item LA-set dependent offet in // stateitems d_next // ------------------------------------------------ // S* -> . S, EOF, (1, 2) 0 // S -> . L = R (3, ) 1 // S -> . R // L -> . * R // ... (etc) // ------------------------------------------------ // // Moreover, the Next vector will be adapted: // // Next (in d_nextVector) // ------------------------------- // On next next kernel // Symbol state from items // ------------------------------- // S ? (0, 1) // L // R // * // ... // ------------------------------- void State::setItems() { size_t idx = 0; // do not use a for stmnt here, as // notReducible may extend d_itemVector while (idx < d_itemVector.size()) { if (d_itemVector[idx].isReducible()) d_reducible.push_back(idx); else notReducible(idx); ++idx; // inspect the next element } } bisonc++-6.09.01/state/frame0000664000175000017500000000005114700504612014410 0ustar frankfrank#include "state.ih" State::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/stateitem/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012014261 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/stateitem/stateitem.h0000664000175000017500000000553014700504612016431 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_STATEITEM_ #define _INCLUDED_STATEITEM_ #include #include #include "../symbol/symbol.h" #include "../item/item.h" #include "../lookaheadset/lookaheadset.h" #include "../rmshift/rmshift.h" #include "../rmreduction/rmreduction.h" #include "../rrdata/rrdata.h" // See also README.states-and-conflicts for a description of StateItem. // // A StateItem represents an item in one of the grammar's states. The // information of a StateItem is displayed when --construction is used and is // of a form like // 0: [P1 1] S -> C . C { } 0 class StateItem { friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, StateItem const &stateItem); Item d_item; // The item LookaheadSet d_LA; // its Lookahead set size_t d_nextIdx; // offset in a Next array defining the // next state (initialized to npos by // default) static std::ostream &(StateItem::*s_insertPtr)(std::ostream &out) const; public: using Vector = std::vector; using ConstIter = Vector::const_iterator; StateItem(); StateItem(Item const &item); void setLA(LookaheadSet const &laSet); bool enlargeLA(LookaheadSet const &parentLA); size_t next() const; bool isReducible() const; Symbol const *symbolAtDot() const; Item const &item() const; LookaheadSet const &lookaheadSet() const; size_t lookaheadSetSize() const; Production const *production() const; void setNext(size_t next); Symbol const *precedence() const; // a Terminal size_t nr() const; // the item's production number Symbol const *lhs() const; // the lhs symbol of the // production rule of this item. static void addProduction(Production const *production, StateItem::Vector &stateItem); static bool containsKernelItem(Item const &item, size_t nKernelItems, Vector const &vector); static bool lookaheadContains(StateItem const &stateItem, Symbol const *symbol); static void removeReduction(RmReduction const &rm, Vector &itemVector); static void removeRRConflict(RRData const &rm, Vector &itemVector); static void inserter(std::ostream &(StateItem::*insertPtr) (std::ostream &out) const); std::ostream &plainItem(std::ostream &out) const; std::ostream &itemContext(std::ostream &out) const; }; #include "stateitem.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/stateitem/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000025514700504612015500 0ustar frankfrank#include "stateitem.ih" ostream &(StateItem::*StateItem::s_insertPtr)(ostream &out) const = &StateItem::plainItem; bisonc++-6.09.01/stateitem/stateitem1.cc0000664000175000017500000000012114700504612016637 0ustar frankfrank#include "stateitem.ih" StateItem::StateItem() : d_nextIdx(string::npos) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/stateitem/stateitem.f0000664000175000017500000000372614700504612016434 0ustar frankfrank inline void StateItem::setLA(LookaheadSet const &laSet) { d_LA = laSet; } inline void StateItem::addProduction(Production const *production, StateItem::Vector &stateItem) { stateItem.push_back(StateItem(Item(production))); } inline LookaheadSet const &StateItem::lookaheadSet() const { return d_LA; } inline size_t StateItem::lookaheadSetSize() const { return d_LA.fullSize(); } inline bool StateItem::isReducible() const { return d_item.isReducible(); } inline Symbol const *StateItem::symbolAtDot() const { return d_item.dotSymbolOr0(); } inline Symbol const *StateItem::lhs() const { return d_item.lhs(); } inline void StateItem::setNext(size_t next) { d_nextIdx = next; } inline size_t StateItem::next() const { return d_nextIdx; } inline Item const &StateItem::item() const { return d_item; } inline Symbol const *StateItem::precedence() const { return d_item.production()->precedence(); } inline size_t StateItem::nr() const { return d_item.production()->nr(); } inline void StateItem::removeRRConflict(RRData const &rm, Vector &itemVector) { itemVector[rm.reduceIdx()].d_LA -= rm.lookaheadSet(); } inline void StateItem::removeReduction(RmReduction const &rm, Vector &itemVector) { itemVector[rm.idx()].d_LA -= rm.symbol(); } inline Production const *StateItem::production() const { return d_item.production(); } inline bool StateItem::lookaheadContains(StateItem const &stateItem, Symbol const *symbol) { return stateItem.d_LA >= symbol; } inline void StateItem::inserter(std::ostream &(StateItem::*insertPtr) (std::ostream &out) const) { s_insertPtr = insertPtr; } inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, StateItem const &stateItem) { return (stateItem.*StateItem::s_insertPtr)(out); } bisonc++-6.09.01/stateitem/containskernelitem.cc0000664000175000017500000000046614700504612020471 0ustar frankfrank#include "stateitem.ih" bool StateItem::containsKernelItem(Item const &searchItem, size_t nKernelItems, Vector const &vector) { for (size_t idx = 0; idx != nKernelItems; ++idx) if (searchItem == vector[idx].d_item) return true; return false; } bisonc++-6.09.01/stateitem/enlargela.cc0000664000175000017500000000035314700504612016520 0ustar frankfrank#include "stateitem.ih" bool StateItem::enlargeLA(LookaheadSet const &parentLA) { if (d_LA >= parentLA) // no additions needed return false; d_LA += parentLA; // enlarge the LA set return true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/stateitem/plainitem.cc0000664000175000017500000000015214700504612016545 0ustar frankfrank#include "stateitem.ih" ostream &StateItem::plainItem(ostream &out) const { return out << d_item; } bisonc++-6.09.01/stateitem/stateitem.ih0000664000175000017500000000015314700504612016576 0ustar frankfrank#include "stateitem.h" #include #include #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/stateitem/stateitem2.cc0000664000175000017500000000016314700504612016646 0ustar frankfrank#include "stateitem.ih" StateItem::StateItem(Item const &item) : d_item(item), d_nextIdx(string::npos) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/stateitem/frame0000664000175000017500000000006114700504612015270 0ustar frankfrank#include "stateitem.ih" StateItem::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/stateitem/itemcontext.cc0000664000175000017500000000037214700504612017132 0ustar frankfrank#include "stateitem.ih" // Produces: // item - LA - next-index ostream &StateItem::itemContext(ostream &out) const { return out << d_item << " " << d_LA << " " << static_cast(d_nextIdx); } bisonc++-6.09.01/statetype/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012014304 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/statetype/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000104514700504612015521 0ustar frankfrank#include "statetype.ih" char const *StateType::s_stateName[] = { "NORMAL", // 0 "ERR_ITEM", // 1: state has an error item "REQ_TOKEN", // 2: needs token at terminal shifts and // multiple reductions "ERR_REQ", // 3 "DEF_RED", // 4: state has a default reduction "ERR_DEF", // 5: 1 | 4 "REQ_DEF", // 6: 2 | 4 "ERR_REQ_DEF" // 7: 1 | 2 |4 }; bisonc++-6.09.01/statetype/statetype.f0000664000175000017500000000043014700504612016467 0ustar frankfrank inline StateType::StateType(int type) : d_type(type) {} inline int StateType::type() const { return d_type; } inline void StateType::setType(Type type) { d_type |= type; } inline char const *StateType::typeName(int type) { return s_stateName[type & s_mask]; } bisonc++-6.09.01/statetype/frame0000664000175000017500000000006114700504612015313 0ustar frankfrank#include "statetype.ih" StateType::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/statetype/statetype.h0000664000175000017500000000153214700504612016475 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_STATETYPE_ #define _INCLUDED_STATETYPE_ class StateType { public: enum Type // modify data.cc when this enum changes { NORMAL = 0, ERR_ITEM = 1, REQ_TOKEN = 2, // terminal shifts and multiple reductions DEF_RED = 4 // state has default reduction }; // Combinations may occur. private: int d_type; // the type of a state static int const s_mask = 7; // mask for all legal Type values static char const *s_stateName[]; // array of all state type names public: StateType(int type); int type() const; void setType(Type type); static char const *typeName(int type); }; #include "statetype.f" #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/statetype/statetype.ih0000664000175000017500000000006014700504612016641 0ustar frankfrank#include "statetype.h" //using namespace std; bisonc++-6.09.01/symbol/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012013567 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/symbol/symbol.f0000664000175000017500000000171614700504612015245 0ustar frankfrankinline std::string const &Symbol::name() const { return d_name; } inline bool Symbol::isTerminal() const { return !(d_type & NON_TERMINAL); } inline bool Symbol::isSymbolic() const { return d_type & SYMBOLIC_TERMINAL; } inline bool Symbol::isNonTerminal() const { return d_type & NON_TERMINAL; } inline bool Symbol::isUndetermined() const { return d_type == UNDETERMINED; } inline bool Symbol::isUsed() const { return d_used; } inline bool Symbol::isReserved() const { return d_type & RESERVED; } inline void Symbol::setReserved() { d_type |= RESERVED; } inline void Symbol::used() const // d_used is mutable. { d_used = true; } inline void Symbol::setType(Type type) { d_type = type; } inline void Symbol::setStype(std::string const &stype) { d_stype = stype; } inline std::string const &Symbol::sType() const { return d_stype; } inline FirstSet const &Symbol::firstSet() const { return v_firstSet(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/symbol/symbol.h0000664000175000017500000000446614700504612015254 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_SYMBOL_ #define _INCLUDED_SYMBOL_ #include #include #include "../element/element.h" #include "../firstset/firstset.h" class Symbol: public Element { public: using Vector = std::vector; enum Type { UNDETERMINED = 0, CHAR_TERMINAL = 1, SYMBOLIC_TERMINAL = 2, NON_TERMINAL = 4, RESERVED = 8, }; private: std::string const d_name; // Name of the symbol, assigned at // construction time, returned by name() std::string d_stype; // Type assigned by explicit symbol type // association, e.g. %type symbol but // there's also a type association with // symbols when no %union or %polymorphic is // specified. In that case it's either the // default (int) or %stype-defined type. int d_type; // type of the symbol using the enum values of // the above Type enum. Type's values are bit // values, and multiple values may therefore // be assigned. mutable bool d_used; // Set to true once the symbol has actually // been used in the grammar. public: ~Symbol(); bool isNonTerminal() const; bool isReserved() const; bool isSymbolic() const; bool isTerminal() const; bool isUndetermined() const; bool isUsed() const; std::string const &sType() const; std::string const &name() const; FirstSet const &firstSet() const; void setReserved(); void setStype(std::string const &stype); void setType(Type type); void used() const; // d_used is mutable.; protected: Symbol(std::string const &name, Type t, std::string const &type = ""); private: virtual FirstSet const &v_firstSet() const = 0; }; #include "symbol.f" // operator<< is already available through Element #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/symbol/symbol.ih0000664000175000017500000000010014700504612015402 0ustar frankfrank#include "symbol.h" #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/symbol/destructor.cc0000664000175000017500000000005414700504612016270 0ustar frankfrank#include "symbol.ih" Symbol::~Symbol() { } bisonc++-6.09.01/symbol/symbol1.cc0000664000175000017500000000025014700504612015456 0ustar frankfrank#include "symbol.ih" Symbol::Symbol(string const &name, Type type, string const &stype) : d_name(name), d_stype(stype), d_type(type), d_used(false) {} bisonc++-6.09.01/symbol/frame0000664000175000017500000000005314700504612014577 0ustar frankfrank#include "symbol.ih" Symbol::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/symtab/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012013561 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/symtab/symtab.ih0000664000175000017500000000010014700504612015366 0ustar frankfrank#include "symtab.h" #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/symtab/lookup.cc0000664000175000017500000000022614700504612015376 0ustar frankfrank#include "symtab.ih" Symbol *Symtab::lookup(std::string const &symbol) { iterator it = find(symbol); return it == end() ? 0 : it->second; } bisonc++-6.09.01/symtab/symtab.h0000664000175000017500000000156614700504612015236 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_SYMTAB_ #define _INCLUDED_SYMTAB_ #include #include #include "../symbol/symbol.h" #include "../terminal/terminal.h" #include "../nonterminal/nonterminal.h" // The symbol table holds the information about all symbols. It can be // queried to inspect whether it already contains an element, and it can // store an element. Elements are strings, produced by the reader, // representing terminal or non-terminal symbols. class Symtab: private std::unordered_map { using Base = std::unordered_map; public: using value_type = Base::value_type; Symbol *lookup(std::string const &symbol); // req'd for STL using Base::insert; // only map-members used using Base::find; using Base::erase; }; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/symtab/frame0000664000175000017500000000005314700504612014571 0ustar frankfrank#include "symtab.ih" Symtab::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012014075 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/terminal2.cc0000664000175000017500000000070514700504612016300 0ustar frankfrank#include "terminal.ih" #include // reserved terminals are defined by default in the share/bisonc++ skeleton, // and therefore do not need assigned values. Terminal::Terminal(string const &name, string const &literal, Type type) : Symbol(name, type, ""), d_value(0), d_association(UNDEFINED), d_precedence(s_precedence), d_literal(literal), d_readableLiteral(literal), d_firstSet(this) { setReserved(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/terminal.h0000664000175000017500000001316214700504612016061 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_TERMINAL_ #define _INCLUDED_TERMINAL_ #include #include #include #include #include "../symbol/symbol.h" class Terminal: public Symbol { public: using Vector = std::vector; using ConstVector = std::vector; using ConstIter = ConstVector::const_iterator; enum { INITIAL_SYMBOLIC_VALUE = 257, // See rules/data.cc for Terminals // defined by default. DEFAULT = std::numeric_limits::max() // results in the next symbolic // terminal value to be assigned. }; enum Association // adapt s_association[] in data.cc { // when this changes UNDEFINED, NONASSOC, LEFT, RIGHT, }; enum Precedence // returned by comparePrecedence() { SMALLER = -1, EQUAL = 0, LARGER = 1, }; private: size_t d_value; // value assigned to the symbol Association d_association; // association type of the symbol size_t d_precedence; // precedence value of the symbol std::string d_literal; // literal text value of a // symbol. std::string d_readableLiteral; // with character terminals this // contains a quoted character, maybe // escaped as in '\n' FirstSet d_firstSet; // set of symbols that can be seen at // this terminal symbol. It only // contains the current terminal // symbol, but is returned by // Element::firstSet() through the // virtual v_firstSet() function below static std::set s_valueSet; // all terminal token values static size_t s_precedence; // last-used precedence so far static char const *s_association[]; // array of literal association // names static size_t s_value; // value assigned, unless // explictly defined static size_t s_maxValue; // maximum assigned terminal value static std::ostream &(Terminal::*s_insertPtr)(std::ostream &out) const; // pointer to the insertion function // to use. public: Terminal(std::string const &name, Type type, size_t value = DEFAULT, Association association = UNDEFINED, std::string const &stype = ""); // stype: type assigned by // explicit symbol type association, // e.g. %type symbol Terminal(std::string const &name, // used for reserved terminals std::string const &literal, Type type); virtual ~Terminal(); Association association() const; Precedence comparePrecedence(Terminal const *other) const; size_t precedence() const; void setLiteral(std::string const &literal); void setValue(size_t value); // reassign a token value void setPrecedence(size_t value); static Terminal *downcast(Symbol *sp); static Terminal const *downcast(Element const *sp); // used with Element by Writer static bool compareValues(Terminal const *left, Terminal const *right); static Precedence comparePrecedence(Symbol const *first, Symbol const *second); static void incrementPrecedence(); static void resetPrecedence(); // see Parser::parseDeclarations() static size_t sPrecedence(); static void set_sPrecedence(size_t prec); static bool setUnique(size_t value); // true if unique static void unused(Terminal const *terminal); static size_t maxValue(); static void inserter(std::ostream &(Terminal::*insertPtr) (std::ostream &out) const); // Symbolic as name, chars as // quoted chars std::ostream &plainName(std::ostream &out) const; // Symbolic as quoted names, // chars as char consts std::ostream "edName(std::ostream &out) const; // Value followed by quoted name std::ostream &valueQuotedName(std::ostream &out) const; // Values or names (of reserved tokens) std::ostream &nameOrValue(std::ostream &out) const; private: virtual FirstSet const &v_firstSet() const; virtual size_t v_value() const; virtual std::ostream &insert(std::ostream &out) const; }; #include "terminal.f" // operator<< is already available through Element #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/setvalue.cc0000664000175000017500000000046214700504612016233 0ustar frankfrank#include "terminal.ih" void Terminal::setValue(size_t value) { if (!setUnique(value)) emsg << "Value " << value << " of token " << this << " multiply assigned " << endl; s_valueSet.erase(d_value); s_value = value + 1; d_value = value; } bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000103114700504612015305 0ustar frankfrank#include "terminal.ih" size_t Terminal::s_precedence; set Terminal::s_valueSet; size_t Terminal::s_value = Terminal::INITIAL_SYMBOLIC_VALUE; size_t Terminal::s_maxValue; char const *Terminal::s_association[] = { "", // UNDEFINED, "non-associative", // NONASSOC, "left associative", // LEFT, "right associative", // RIGHT }; ostream &(Terminal::*Terminal::s_insertPtr)(ostream &out) const = &Terminal::plainName; bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/compareprecedence.cc0000664000175000017500000000111214700504612020040 0ustar frankfrank#include "terminal.ih" Terminal::Precedence Terminal::comparePrecedence(Symbol const *firstSymbol, Symbol const *secondSymbol) { Terminal const *first = downcast(firstSymbol); Terminal const *second = downcast(secondSymbol); size_t firstPrecedence = first ? first->d_precedence : 0; size_t secondPrecedence = second ? second->d_precedence : 0; return firstPrecedence > secondPrecedence ? LARGER : firstPrecedence < secondPrecedence ? SMALLER : EQUAL; } bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/unused.cc0000664000175000017500000000051014700504612015700 0ustar frankfrank#include "terminal.ih" void Terminal::unused(Terminal const *terminal) { static bool header = false; if (!terminal->isUsed()) { if (!header) { wmsg << "Terminal symbol(s) not used in productions:" << endl; header = true; } wmsg << terminal << endl; } } bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/terminal1.cc0000664000175000017500000000236014700504612016276 0ustar frankfrank#include "terminal.ih" #include Terminal::Terminal(string const &name, Type type, size_t value, Association association, std::string const &stype) : Symbol(name, type, stype), d_value(value == DEFAULT ? s_value++ : value), d_association(association), d_precedence(s_precedence), d_literal(name), d_readableLiteral(name), d_firstSet(this) { if (name.find("'\\x") == 0UL) { int charRepresentation; istringstream convert(name.substr(3)); convert >> hex >> charRepresentation; if (isprint(charRepresentation)) { d_readableLiteral = "'"s; d_readableLiteral.append(1, static_cast(charRepresentation)); d_readableLiteral += "'"; } } // If the terminal definition is really requested (it isn't shown in bisonc++ // 2.8.0) then pass yylineno from parser/useterminal.cc and // parser/defineterminal.cc to this function so the line can be shown. // // imsg.setLineNr(lineNr); // imsg << "Defining terminal " << d_readableLiteral << ": pri = " << // d_precedence << endl; if (d_value > s_maxValue) s_maxValue = d_value; } bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/valuequotedname.cc0000664000175000017500000000035314700504612017601 0ustar frankfrank#include "terminal.ih" std::ostream &Terminal::valueQuotedName(std::ostream &out) const { if (isReserved()) return out << " " << name(); return out << " " << setw(3) << value() << ": " << d_readableLiteral; } bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/setunique.cc0000664000175000017500000000031714700504612016424 0ustar frankfrank#include "terminal.ih" bool Terminal::setUnique(size_t value) { if (s_valueSet.count(value)) return false; // value already used s_valueSet.insert(value); return true; } bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/quotedname.cc0000664000175000017500000000045514700504612016547 0ustar frankfrank#include "terminal.ih" namespace { char const *quotes[][2] = { {"`", ""}, {"'", ""} }; } ostream &Terminal::quotedName(ostream &out) const { size_t qIdx = (d_readableLiteral[0] == '\''); return out << quotes[0][qIdx] << d_readableLiteral << quotes[1][qIdx]; } bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/nameorvalue.cc0000664000175000017500000000026514700504612016722 0ustar frankfrank#include "terminal.ih" ostream &Terminal::nameOrValue(ostream &out) const { if (isReserved()) return out << d_readableLiteral; return out << setw(3) << value(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/destructor.cc0000664000175000017500000000006214700504612016575 0ustar frankfrank#include "terminal.ih" Terminal::~Terminal() { } bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/terminal.f0000664000175000017500000000414314700504612016056 0ustar frankfrankinline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, std::ostream &(Terminal::*insertPtr)(std::ostream &out) const) { Terminal::inserter(insertPtr); return out; } inline std::ostream &Terminal::plainName(std::ostream &out) const { return out << d_readableLiteral; } inline Terminal *Terminal::downcast(Symbol *sp) { return dynamic_cast(sp); } inline Terminal const *Terminal::downcast(Element const *sp) { return dynamic_cast(sp); } inline void Terminal::incrementPrecedence() { ++s_precedence; } inline void Terminal::resetPrecedence() // see Parser::parseDeclarations() { s_precedence = 0; } inline size_t Terminal::maxValue() { return s_maxValue; } inline Terminal::Association Terminal::association() const { return d_association; } inline Terminal::Precedence Terminal::comparePrecedence( Terminal const *other) const { return d_precedence > other->d_precedence ? LARGER : d_precedence < other->d_precedence ? SMALLER : EQUAL; } inline size_t Terminal::precedence() const { return d_precedence; } inline size_t Terminal::v_value() const { return d_value; } inline FirstSet const &Terminal::v_firstSet() const { return d_firstSet; } inline void Terminal::setLiteral(std::string const &literal) { d_literal = literal; } inline void Terminal::setPrecedence(size_t value) { d_precedence = value; } inline size_t Terminal::sPrecedence() { return s_precedence; } inline void Terminal::set_sPrecedence(size_t prec) { s_precedence = prec; } inline bool Terminal::compareValues(Terminal const *left, Terminal const *right) { return left->d_value < right->d_value; } inline std::ostream &Terminal::insert(std::ostream &out) const { return (this->*Terminal::s_insertPtr)(out); } inline void Terminal::inserter(std::ostream &(Terminal::*insertPtr) (std::ostream &out) const) { s_insertPtr = insertPtr; } bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/terminal.ih0000664000175000017500000000025414700504612016230 0ustar frankfrank#include "terminal.h" #include #include #include #include #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/terminal/frame0000664000175000017500000000005714700504612015111 0ustar frankfrank#include "terminal.ih" Terminal::() const { } bisonc++-6.09.01/TODO0000664000175000017500000000013614700504612012747 0ustar frankfrank- %nonassoc should probably produce an error when %nonassoc operators are used repeatedly. bisonc++-6.09.01/usage.cc0000664000175000017500000001642014771312101013673 0ustar frankfrank#include "main.ih" namespace { char const *a_optionsDescription = R"( [OPTIONS] file Where: [OPTIONS] - zero or more optional arguments (int options between parentheses. Short options require arguments if their long option variants do too). --analyze-only (-A): only analyze the grammar; except for possibly the verbose grammar description file no files are written. --baseclass-header=
(-b): filename holding the base class definition. --baseclass-preinclude=
(-H): preinclude header in the base-class header file. Use [header] to include
, otherwise \"header\" will be included. --baseclass-skeleton= (-B): location of the baseclass header skeleton. --class-header=
(-c): filename holding the parser class definition. --class-name=: the name of the generated C++ class. --class-skeleton= (-C): location of the class header skeleton. --construction: write details about the grammar analysis to stdout. --debug: generates debug output statements in the generated parse function's source. --default-actions= (-d): unless 'off', add a $$ = $1 action block to production rules not defining final action blocks. --error-verbose: the parse function will dump the parser's state stack to stdout when a syntactic error is reported --filenames= (-f): filename of output files (overruling the default filename). --flex: use the traditional `flex' interface. --help (-h): produce this information (and terminate). --implementation-header=
(-i): filename holding the implementation header. --implementation-skeleton= (-I): location of the implementation header skeleton. --insert-stype: show selected semantic values in the output generated by --debug. Ignored unless --debug was specified. --max-inclusion-depth=: sets the maximum number of nested grammar files (default: 10). --namespace= (-n): define the parser in the mentioned namespace. --no-baseclass-header: don't create the parser's base class header. --no-decoration (-D): do not include the user-defined actions when generating the parser's tt(parse) member. --no-lines: don't put #line directives in generated output, overruling the %lines directive. --no-parse-member: don't create the member parse(). --own-debug: bisonc++ displays the actions of its parser while processing its input file(s) (implies --verbose). --own-tokens (-T): bisonc++ displays the tokens and corresponding matched text, received from its lexcial scanner. --parsefun-skeleton= (-P): location of the parse function's skeleton. --parsefun-source= (-p): filename holding the parse function's source. -Q stop after merely parsing the grammar. --polymorphic-code-skeleton= (-L): location of the non-inline polymorphic functions skeleton. --polymorphic-skeleton= (-M): location of the polymorphic semantic values skeleton. --print-tokens (-t): the print() member of the generated parser class displays the tokens and their corresponding matched text. --prompt: in combination with --debug: show a prompt before performing the next parse-cycle (caveat: the lexical scanner should not read from the standard input). --required-tokens=: minimum number of successfully processed tokens between errors (default: 0). --scanner= (-s): include `header-file' declaring the class Scanner, and call d_scanner.yylex() from Parser::lex(). --scanner-class-name=: specifies the name of the scanner class: this option is only interpreted if --scanner (or %scanner) is also used. --scanner-debug: extensive display of the actions of bisonc++'s scanner --scanner-matched-text-function=: specifies the function to call returning the text matched by the lexical scanner when returning a token --scanner-token-function=: specifies the function to call by the parser's lex() function returning the next token returned by the lexcial scanner (by default d_scanner.yylex() when --scanner is used) --show-filenames: show the names of the used/generated files on the standard error stream. --skeleton-directory= (-S): location of the skeleton directory. --tag-mismatches=: unless 'off', issue a warning if no $$ statement was detected in an action block, or if no default $$ = $1 action can be added to a production rule without final action block, or if run-time a tag-mismatch is observed. --target-directory=: pathname defines the directory where generated files should be written. By default this is the directory where bisonc++ is called. --thread-safe: provide thread-safe access by polymorphic semantic values to the generated code's error-counter. --token-class=classname (-K) Classname defines the name of the Tokens class that is defined when token-path (see below) is specified. If token-path isn’t specified then this option is ignored. By default the class name Tokens is used. --token-namespace=namespace (-N) If token-path is specified then namespace defines the namespace of the Tokens class. By default no namespace is used. --token-path=pathname (-F) Pathname defines the path name of the file to contain the struct Tokens defining the enumeration Tokens_ containing the symbolic tokens of the generated grammar. By default the tokens are defined as the enum Tokens_ in the ParserBase class. If pathname doesn’t exist it is created by bisonc++. If the pathname file al‐ ready exists it is rewritten at each new run of bisonc++. --usage: produce this information (and terminate). --verbose (-V): generate verbose description of the analyzed grammar. --version (-v): )"; } // anonymous namespace void usage(string const &program_name) { cout << "\n" << program_name << " by Frank B. Brokken (f.b.brokken@rug.nl)\n" "\n" "LALR(1) Parser Generator V " << version << "\n" "Copyright (c) GPL " << year << ". NO WARRANTY.\n" "Designed after `bison++' (1.21.9-1) by Alain Coetmeur " "\n" "\n" "Usage: " << program_name << a_optionsDescription << " display " << program_name << "'s version and terminate.\n" << std::endl; } bisonc++-6.09.01/VERSION0000664000175000017500000000006614762310676013346 0ustar frankfrank#define VERSION "6.09.01" #define YEARS "2005-2025" bisonc++-6.09.01/version.cc0000664000175000017500000000012714771261054014263 0ustar frankfrank#include "main.ih" #include "VERSION" char version[] = VERSION; char year[] = YEARS; bisonc++-6.09.01/VERSION.h0000664000175000017500000000010414700504612013550 0ustar frankfrank#include "VERSION" SUBST(_CurVers_)(VERSION) SUBST(_CurYrs_)(YEARS) bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/0000775000175000017500000000000014771271012013576 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/writer/productions.cc0000664000175000017500000000067014700504612016456 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::productions() const { Production::ConstVector const &prods = d_rules.productions(); *d_out << "\n" "// Productions Info Records:\n" << "PI_ const s_productionInfo[] = \n" "{\n" " {0, 0}, // not used: reduction values are negative\n"; for (auto production: prods) productionInfo(production, *d_out); *d_out << "};\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/transitions.cc0000664000175000017500000000023514700504612016457 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::transitions(Table &table, Next::Vector const &next) { for (auto &element: next) transition(element, table); } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/statesarray.cc0000664000175000017500000000075414700504612016452 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::statesArray() const { size_t const nPerLine = 10; *d_out << "\n" "// State array:\n" "SR_ " << s_threadConst << "*s_state[] =\n" "{\n"; for (size_t idx = 0; idx != State::nStates(); ++idx) *d_out << " s_" << idx << "," << ((idx + 1) % nPerLine == 0 ? "\n" : ""); *d_out << (State::nStates() % nPerLine ? "\n" : "") << "};\n" "\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/insert.cc0000664000175000017500000000055214700504612015410 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::insert(Terminal::ConstVector const &tokens) const { *d_out << "\n" " // Symbolic tokens:\n" " enum Tokens_\n" " {\n"; size_t lastTokenValue = 0; for (auto token: tokens) insertToken(token, lastTokenValue, *d_out); *d_out << " };\n" "\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/terminalsymbol.cc0000664000175000017500000000042214700504612017141 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::terminalSymbol(Terminal const *terminal, ostream &out) { if (terminal->isSymbolic() && !terminal->isReserved()) out << " SMapVal(" << terminal->value() << ", \"" << terminal << "\"),\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/data.cc0000664000175000017500000000007614700504612015016 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" char const *Writer::s_threadConst = ""; bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/reduction.cc0000664000175000017500000000050414700504612016075 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::reduction(Table &table, StateItem const &stateItem) { size_t ruleNr = stateItem.nr(); for (auto sym: stateItem.lookaheadSet()) reductionSymbol(sym, ruleNr, table); if (stateItem.lookaheadSet().hasEOF()) reductionSymbol(Rules::eofTerminal(), ruleNr, table); } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/reductionsymbol.cc0000664000175000017500000000106514700504612017326 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::reductionSymbol(Element const *symb, size_t ruleNr, FBB::Table &table) { Symbol const *symbol = dynamic_cast(symb); ostringstream out; Terminal::inserter(&Terminal::nameOrValue); NonTerminal::inserter(&NonTerminal::value); out << symbol; table << out.str() << -static_cast(ruleNr); out.str(""); Terminal::inserter(&Terminal::plainName); NonTerminal::inserter(&NonTerminal::plainName); out << "// " << symbol; table << out.str(); } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/reductions.cc0000664000175000017500000000061514700504612016263 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::reductions(Table &table, State const &state) { for ( size_t idx = 0, defaultReduction = state.defaultReduction(), nReductions = state.reductions(); idx != nReductions; ++idx ) { if (idx != defaultReduction) reduction(table, *state.reduction(idx)); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/productioninfo.cc0000664000175000017500000000043514700504612017146 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::productionInfo(Production const *production, ostream &out) { NonTerminal const *np = NonTerminal::downcast(production->lhs()); out << " {" << np->value() << ", " << production->size() << "}, // " << production << '\n'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/nonterminalsymbol.cc0000664000175000017500000000033614700504612017660 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::nonTerminalSymbol(NonTerminal const *nonTerminal, ostream &out) { out << " SMapVal(" << nonTerminal->value() << ", \"" << nonTerminal << "\"),\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/srtables.cc0000664000175000017500000000100614700504612015716 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::srTables() const { *d_out << "\n" "// State info and SR_ transitions for each state.\n" "\n"; TableSupport support; support << " { { " << "}, { " << "} }, "; Table table(support, 3, Table::ROWWISE); table << Align(2, std::left); for_each( State::begin(), State::end(), [&](State const *state) { srTable(state, table, *d_out); } ); *d_out << '\n'; } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/inserttoken.cc0000664000175000017500000000051414700504612016447 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::insertToken(Terminal const *token, size_t &lastTokenValue, std::ostream &out) { out << " " << token; if (token->value() != ++lastTokenValue) { lastTokenValue = token->value(); out << " = " << lastTokenValue; } out << ",\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/writer0.cc0000664000175000017500000000035714700504612015503 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" Writer::Writer(std::string const &baseclass, Rules const &rules) : d_out(0), d_baseclass(baseclass), d_rules(rules) { if (Arg::instance().option(0, "thread-safe")) s_threadConst = "const "; } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/srtable.cc0000664000175000017500000000301314700504612015533 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::srTable(State const *sp, FBB::Table &table, std::ostream &out) { bool acceptState = sp->isAcceptState(); StateItem const *defaultReduction = sp->reduction(sp->defaultReduction()); // A token is needed if there are terminaltransitions or multiple // reductions (or for the accept state, set at state/define.cc) bool tokenNeeded = sp->terminalTransitions() || sp->reductions() > 1; int stateType = sp->type(); if (tokenNeeded) stateType |= StateType::REQ_TOKEN; if (defaultReduction) stateType |= StateType::DEF_RED; out << "\n" // Write the table header "SR_ " << s_threadConst << "s_" << sp->idx() << "[] =\n" "{\n"; table.clear(); // 2nd element equals the index of the last array element table << StateType::typeName(stateType) << sp->transitions() + sp->reductionsLAsize() + acceptState + 1 << def; // cerr << (sp->transitions() + sp->reductionsLAsize() + acceptState + 1) << // " = " << sp->transitions() << ' ' << sp->reductionsLAsize() << ' ' << // acceptState << " 1\n"; transitions(table, sp->next()); if (acceptState) table << Rules::eofTerminal() << "ACCEPT_" << def; reductions(table, *sp); table << 0 << (defaultReduction ? -static_cast(defaultReduction->nr()) : 0) << def; out << table << "};\n"; // table ends in a newline } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/writer.h0000664000175000017500000000343614700504612015266 0ustar frankfrank#ifndef _INCLUDED_WRITER_ #define _INCLUDED_WRITER_ #include #include #include #include "../next/next.h" class Terminal; class NonTerminal; class Production; class StateItem; class State; class Rules; class Writer { std::ostream *d_out; std::string const &d_baseclass; Rules const &d_rules; static char const *s_threadConst; public: Writer(std::string const &baseclass, Rules const &rules); void useStream(std::ostream &out); void productions() const; void srTables() const; void statesArray() const; void symbolicNames() const; void insert(Terminal::ConstVector const &tokens) const; private: static void insertToken(Terminal const *token, size_t &lastValue, std::ostream &out); static void terminalSymbol(Terminal const *terminal, std::ostream &out); static void nonTerminalSymbol(NonTerminal const *nonTerminal, std::ostream &out); static void productionInfo(Production const *production, std::ostream &out); static void srTable(State const *state, FBB::Table &table, std::ostream &out); static void transitions(FBB::Table &table, Next::Vector const &next); static void transition(Next const &next, FBB::Table &table); static void reductions(FBB::Table &, State const &state); static void reduction(FBB::Table &, StateItem const &stateItem); static void reductionSymbol(Element const *sym, size_t ruleNr, FBB::Table &table); }; inline void Writer::useStream(std::ostream &out) { d_out = &out; } #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/symbolicnames.cc0000664000175000017500000000167414700504612016757 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" void Writer::symbolicNames() const { *d_out << "using SMap = std::unordered_map;\n" "using SMapVal = SMap::value_type;\n" "\n" "SMapVal s_symArr[] =\n" "{\n" // Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_ is also used in generator/print.cc " SMapVal(-2, \"Reserved_::UNDETERMINED_\"), " "// predefined symbols\n" " SMapVal(-1, \"Reserved_::EOF_\"),\n" " SMapVal(256, \"errTok_\"),\n" "\n"; for (auto terminal: d_rules.terminals()) terminalSymbol(terminal, *d_out); for (auto nonTerminal: d_rules.nonTerminals()) nonTerminalSymbol(nonTerminal, *d_out); *d_out << "};\n" "\n" "SMap s_symbol\n" "(\n" " s_symArr, s_symArr + sizeof(s_symArr) / sizeof(SMapVal)\n" ");\n" "\n"; } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/frame0000664000175000017500000000004314700504612014605 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" Writer:: { } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/transition.cc0000664000175000017500000000115214700504612016273 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.ih" // Writes an SR element: // // { { symbol }, {nextstate} }, // comment void Writer::transition(Next const &next, Table &table) { if (Symbol const *symbol = next.symbol()) { ostringstream out; Terminal::inserter(&Terminal::nameOrValue); NonTerminal::inserter(&NonTerminal::value); out << symbol; table << out.str() << next.next(); out.str(""); Terminal::inserter(&Terminal::plainName); NonTerminal::inserter(&NonTerminal::plainName); out << "// " << symbol; table << out.str(); } } bisonc++-6.09.01/writer/writer.ih0000664000175000017500000000064614700504612015437 0ustar frankfrank#include "writer.h" #include #include #include #include #include "../symbol/symbol.h" #include "../terminal/terminal.h" #include "../nonterminal/nonterminal.h" #include "../lookaheadset/lookaheadset.h" #include "../stateitem/stateitem.h" #include "../state/state.h" #include "../rules/rules.h" #ifndef SPCH_ using namespace std; using namespace FBB; #endif bisonc++-6.09.01/xerr/0000775000175000017500000000000014771262655013257 5ustar frankfrankbisonc++-6.09.01/xerr/xerr.ih0000664000175000017500000000155114771262655014563 0ustar frankfrank// define X to activate the xerr/xerr2 macros: // xerr(insertion) // inserts the '<<' concatenated elements into std::cerr // preceded by the name of the source file, and ended by '\n' // xerr2(insertion, code) // performs the insertion if X is defined, and (unconditionally) // executes the statement(s) in `code'. `code' must be valid // C(++) code. // #ifdef XERR #include #include #define xerr(insertion) std::cerr << XERR "/" __FILE__ ": " << \ insertion << '\n' #define xerr2(insertion, b) \ { std::cerr << XERR "/" __FILE__ ": " << insertion \ << '\n'; b; } #else #define xerr(insertion) #define xerr2(insertion, b) b #endif